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Boron‐doped diamond is a wide‐bandgap semiconductor with excellent semiconductor properties, which is widely utilized in various applications. Till now, the thermodynamic rules governing the carrier transitions in this material have not been fully understood. In this research, the different luminescence behaviors of boron‐doped diamond under 193 nm pulse laser with high‐ and low‐ power density excitation are analyzed. Under high‐power density excitation (@≈63 kW cm−2), the emission intensity of excitons is nearly ten times higher than that of defect luminescence. Conversely, under low‐power density excitation (@≈1.4 kW cm−2, different emission peaks exhibit similar intensities, indicating a competitive relationship among them. Based on experimental and theoretical analyses, the difference is attributed to the thermodynamic distribution of carriers at varying excitation powers. Specifically, high excitation power brings an independent behavior of each emission peak, and the exciton emission is described by a phonon‐assisted radiation model; different from that, the competition among different emission centers under the condition of low excitation power cannot be neglected, and now the thermodynamic evolution of each emission peak is described by a carrier trapping‐dissociation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to expound on the correlation between facial skin microbiome and sensitive skin (SS) using a novel sequencing technique. Methods: We applied the 2bRAD sequencing for the microbiome, which enables accurate characterization of the low‐biomass microbiome at species resolution to profile facial skin microbes in SS and non‐SS groups. Further, the bacterial colonies were isolated and cultured from skin surfaces to study the pro‐inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes by ELISA. Results: We accordingly identified 1142 genera and 4436 strains. In the SS group, the proportions of Actinomyces and Microbotryomycetes were significantly increased, whereas that of Acidimicrobiia was decreased. Kruskal–Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in 11 genera and 35 species, among which the proportions of Dermabacter, Chryseobacterium, Rhodotorula and Peptoniphilus A were increased in the SS group. Analysis of the top 10 genera revealed increased proportions of Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the proportion of Dermabacter hominis was significantly increased by 18.9‐fold in the SS group, whereas those of many Streptococcus strains were significantly decreased. Focus on the isolated bacterial colonies from skin surfaces, more yellow colonies were found in SS group when cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium for 48 h, and more interleukin‐8 was detected on keratinocytes after yellow colonies stimulation, such as S.capitis, M.luteus. Conclusions: This study suggests that more SS‐associated microorganisms can be identified using the 2bRAD technique even with a small sample size. Dermabacter hominis and Chryseobacterium was firstly reported with a significantly increase in SS, and the S.capitis, as well as M.luteus, but not S.aureus, may be associated with skin inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous research has shown that melatonin (MLT) can reduce cryopreserved ovarian damage in mice. Yet, the molecular mechanism of MLT protection is still unclear. Some studies have shown that melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) is very important for animal reproductive system. To evaluate whether MLT exerts its protective effect on cryopreserved mice ovarian tissue via MT1, we added antagonist of MT1/MT2 (Luzindor) or antagonist of MT2 (4P‐PDOT) to the freezing solution, followed by cryopreservation and thawing of ovarian tissue. The levels of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Besides, by using RT‐PCR and Western blotting, the expression of Bcl‐2, Bax and Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway‐related proteins was detected. These findings demonstrated that compared with the melatonin group, the addition of Luzindor increased apoptosis, NO and MDA activities, decreased CAT and T‐SOD activities and inhibited Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway. In conclusion, melatonin can play a protective role in cryopreserved ovarian tissue of mice through MT1 receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unregulated metallic deposition and continuous cracking of the fragile solid electrolyte interphase are considered the critical barriers that compromise the cyclability of lithium metal batteries (LMB), especially under low N/P ratio (<3) pairing modes. Herein, an ultra‐thin (5 µm), lightweight (0.25 mg cm−2), and moisture‐proof interfacial layer composed of the high‐entropy alloys (denoted as HEAs) and interweaved carbon nanotubes (CNTs) scaffold is constructed to modify the current collector, moreover, the thermally‐induced Li22Si5 alloy blended with the hydrophobic ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is infiltrated into the scaffold pores as the moisture‐proof cation reservoir. The HEA@CNT/Li22Si5@EVA interfacial layer not only maximizes the Li‐utilization degree with minimal voltage divergence in symmetric cells but also compensates for irreversible Li depletion in the pouch‐format anode‐less models. As the HEA@CNT/Li22Si5@EVA‐Cu substrate paired with the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode in a 200 mAh prototype, the phase evolution of oxide cathode and efficient Li utilization at the anode substrate can be real‐time monitored by the transmission‐mode operando X‐ray diffraction. This interfacial layer strategy affords multifunctionality to enable the LMB prototyping without excessive Li abuse. Consequently, cycling endurance and the balanced energy densities (420.1 Wh kg−1) are obtained on the whole cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We described a base‐promoted O‐arylation of N3‐hydroxyl quinazolinones with diaryliodonium salts and sequential BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and visible light‐controlled [3,3]‐ or [1,3]‐rearrangements of quinazolinone N−O aryl moieties to prepare a variety of 2‐(quinazolin‐4‐yloxy)phenols and atropisomeric 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)quinazolin‐4‐ones in 44%‐75% yields and 28%‐70% yields, respectively. Mechanistic studies showed that HBF4 generated in situ from BF3 ⋅ Et2O and water served as the catalyst in this process and aryloxyquinazolinium salts are vital intermediates promoting the [3,3]‐ or [1,3]‐rearrangements. The N−O aryl moieties of aryloxyquinazolinium salts were found to undergo solely [3,3]‐rearrangement with heating whereas [1,3]‐rearrangement occurred via a radical process under irradiation of visible light. This method highlights the formation of aryloxyquinazolinium salts based on the use of BF3 ⋅ OEt2 and visible light to prompt [1,3]‐rearrangement generating atropisomeric quinazolinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers are often reluctant to disclose their personal information to retailers. How to promote consumers' self‐disclosure has been a focal point of interest for marketers and researchers. Using a total of eight multimethod studies (N = 5281) which composite a study with secondary data, a field study, a natural experiment, and five lab experiments, we show that a perception of high (vs. low) levels of air pollution decreases consumers' self‐disclosure willingness and behavior. This effect is mediated by tense arousal and moderated by (1) whether consumers are aware of the impact of perceived air pollution levels on tense arousal and (2) under which environment consumers disclose their personal information (an environment playing low‐paced soothing background music vs. a one playing high‐paced rock background music). We also rule out regulatory focus and mood valence as alternative process variables. Our findings extend past literature on perceived air pollution, tense arousal, and self‐disclosure. The results also suggest marketers, retailers, and service providers mitigate the negative impact of air pollution perception on consumers' self‐disclosure by playing low‐paced soothing background music in retailing contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome of the transalveolar approach with the small segmentation method for inclined maxillary sinus floor elevation. Methods: Sixty‐one patients with an inclined maxillary sinus floor (tilt angle ≥ 10°) and insufficient residual bone height in the posterior maxilla were included and grouped according to the tilt angle of the sinus floor, with group A having patients with the tilt angle ≥ 10° and ≤ 30° and group B having patients with the tilt angle > 30°. After completing sinus membrane elevation and bone augmentation using bone substitute materials, the implants were inserted at the same appointment, and the restoration was completed after 5–6 months of osseointegration. The preoperative sinus floor level and sinus floor elevation achieved postoperatively were assessed and recorded. At pre‐ and post‐operative timepoints, the sagittal plane of the cone beam computed tomography was used to evaluate the bone height changes at the peak, middle and valley points in the slope segment intended for implant implantation. Results: Osseointegration was evident in all 61 patients, and the final restoration was completed with functional loading. After assessing the normality and homogeneity of variance, two‐sample t‐test or nonparametric tests were employed to estimate the differences in the bone height changes. The degrees of freedom (df) for this analysis were 59. The elevation attained at the middle point in groups A and B were 6.71 ± 1.38 and 5.75 ± 1.56 mm, respectively, demonstrating a significant difference (p < 0.05). Furthermore, at the peak and valley points, group A exhibited bone height changes of 5.79 ± 1.74 and 6.06 ± 1.45 mm, respectively, compared to group B with changes measuring 4.63 ± 2.18 and 5.58 ± 2.39 mm, respectively, with no significant difference in the two groups (p ≥ 0.05). The prevalence of intraoperative sinus membrane perforation was assessed using the chi‐square test. It was found that four cases in group A and five cases in group B experienced sinus membrane perforation, with no significant difference in the two groups (p ≥ 0.05, df = 1). Conclusion: The transalveolar approach using the small segmentation method suggests a promising approach for elevating the inclined maxillary sinus floor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaphorina citri is a global citrus pest. As a vector insect, it can transmit the causative agents of citrus huanglongbing, causing irreversible losses to the citrus industry. The acquisition of genomic information can provide a molecular genetic basis for effective control of D. citri. Here, the DNBSEQ™, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and Hi‐C technologies are applied to generate a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome of D. citri. The genome size of D. citri was 523.78 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 47.05 Mb distributed on 13 chromosomes. A total of 250.64 Mb (47.85%) repeat sequences and 24 048 protein‐coding genes were predicted. Genome resequencing of female and male individuals indicated that the sex chromosome system of D. citri is XO. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that D. citri and Pachypsylla venusta, which separated from their most recent common ancestor about 336.62 million years ago, were the most closely related. Additionally, we identified genes potentially involved in detoxification metabolism, pathogen transmission, and honeydew secretion for further investigation. The high‐quality genome provides an important reference for developing effective management strategies of D. citri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most photodetectors work in atmospheric or vacuum environments, which leaves a large gap for detection under liquid conditions. However, this kind of research is of great significance, especially for the monitoring of 193 nm vacuum UV (VUV) light in the immersion lithography system underwater. Here, the p‐type diamond single crystal (PDSC) is applied as the photoelectrode for the construction of a VUV immersion photodetector with a PDSC‐ultra‐pure water‐Pt structure and a high response to 193 nm light. Under 193 nm excitation (@8 µW) and at 0 V, the PDSC immersion photodetector demonstrates a favorable characteristic of having a high responsivity of 5 mA·W−1. Due to its exceptional performance, this device has been proven to function as a highly‐sensitive and self‐powered VUV detector, with significant potential for utilization in the monitoring of 193 nm light in immersion lithography systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a stable and controllable interlayer structure is the key to improving the sodium storage cycling stability and rate performance of two‐dimensional anode materials. This study explored the rich functional groups in bacterial cellulose culture medium in the way of biological self‐assembly. Mo precursors were used to produce chemical bond in bacterial cellulose culture medium, and intercalation groups are introduced to achieve MoS2 localized nucleation and in situ localized construction of carbon intercalation stable interlaminar structure, thus improving ion transport dynamics and cycle stability. In order to avoid structural irreversibility of MoS2 at low potential, an extended voltage window of 1.5–4 V was selected for lithium/sodium intercalation testing. It was found that there was a significant improvement in sodium storage capacity and stability. During the electrochemical cycling process, in‐situ Raman testing revealed that the structure of MoS2 was completely reversible, and the intensity changes of MoS2 characteristic peaks showed in‐plane vibration without involving interlayer bonding fracture. Moreover, after the lithium sodium was removed from the intercalation C@MoS2 all structures have good retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaporins are important transmembrane water transport proteins which transport water and several neutral molecules. However, how aquaporins are involved in the synergistic transport of Mg2+ and water remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the cassava aquaporin MePIP2;7 was involved in Mg2+ transport through interaction with MeMGT9, a lower affinity magnesium transporter protein. Knockdown of MePIP2;7 in cassava led to magnesium deficiency in basal mature leaves with chlorosis and necrotic spots on their edges and starch over‐accumulation. Mg2+ content was significantly decreased in leaves and roots of MePIP2;7‐RNA interference (PIP‐Ri) plants grown in both field and Mg2+‐free hydroponic solution. Xenopus oocyte injection analysis verified that MePIP2;7 possessed the ability to transport water only and MeMGT9 was responsible for Mg2+ efflux. More importantly, MePIP2;7 improved the transportability of Mg2+ via MeMGT9 as verified using the CM66 mutant complementation assay and Xenopus oocytes expressing system. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, co‐localization, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the direct protein–protein interaction between MePIP2;7 and MeMGT9 in vivo. Mg2+ flux was significantly elevated in MePIP2;7‐overexpressing lines in hydroponic solution through non‐invasive micro‐test technique analysis. Under Mg2+‐free condition, the retarded growth of PIP‐Ri transgenic plants could be recovered with Mg2+ supplementation. Taken together, our results demonstrated the synergistic effect of the MePIP2;7 and MeMGT9 interaction in regulating water and Mg2+ absorption and transport in cassava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationally constructing atom‐precise active sites is highly important to promote their catalytic performance but still challenging. Herein, this work designs and constructs ZSM‐5 supported Cu and Ag dual single atoms as a proof‐of‐concept catalyst (Ag1−Cu1/ZSM‐5 hetero‐SAC (single‐atom catalyst)) to boost direct oxidation of methane (DOM) by H2O2. The Ag1−Cu1/ZSM‐5 hetero‐SAC synthesized via a modified co‐adsorption strategy yields a methanol productivity of 20,115 µmol gcat−1 with 81% selectivity at 70 °C within 30 min, which surpasses most of the state‐of‐the‐art noble metal catalysts. The characterization results prove that the synergistic interaction between silver and copper facilitates the formation of highly reactive surface hydroxyl species to activate the C−H bond as well as the activity, selectivity, and stability of DOM compared with SACs, which is the key to the enhanced catalytic performance. This work believes the atomic‐level design strategy on dual‐single‐atom active sites should pave the way to designing advanced catalysts for methane conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspirational brand story is a widely used marketing strategy in brand building. However, few empirical studies have investigated the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of a successful brand story strategy. The current study examined the influence of lead character's gender in inspirational brand story on consumer–brand identification based on the social identity theory, benevolent sexism, and gender schema theory. Results from two experiments demonstrated that the gender of inspirational brand stories has an impact on consumer brand identity through the mediation effect of sympathy. Compared with a male character, a female character elicits viewers' sympathy, which results in high brand identification. Such a gender effect is stronger when there is a high level of perceived gender role conformity. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transition‐metal‐free one‐pot procedure for the difunctionalization of alkynes by C−C triple bond oxidation and transformation towards chromone derivatives has been developed. It involves cascade reactions for carbonylation of alkynes, base‐promoted C−C σ‐bond cleavage, and intramolecular cyclization. This procedure provides an efficient protocol for the synthesis of polysubstituted chromones from readily available starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study developed an easy-to-use and reproducible platform with high-throughput drug screening, a 3D culture model and an in-vivo model for TED studies, which was based on a TED patient-derived OF-CL with proliferative and adipogenic properties and without severely perturbing genotype inheritance. Thyroid eye disease (TED), the most frequent orbital disease and the leading cause of proptosis in adults, is a debilitating, disfiguring, and even sight-threatening disease.[1] Drugs as alternative options are required for TED patients who need surgery to control orbital compression. Repurposing picropodophyllin as a potential thyroid eye disease treatment via delaying mitotic clonal expansion through a patient-derived preclinical platform The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was isolated from the OAT of a 35-year-old female TED patient who underwent decompression surgery, and cultured in dishes for primary orbital fibroblasts (OFs). [Extracted from the article]

Background: Botanical ingredients are widely used in hair‐ and skin‐care products. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of botanical products on counteracting sebum synthesis and secretion. Objective: To investigate the composition of Lotus corniculatus seed extract (LC) and its potential inhibition of lipogenesis in SZ95 sebocytes and oily human skin. Methods: The active components of LC solutions were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro effects of LC were evaluated using SZ95 cells treated with linoleic acid (LA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and incubated with LCs for 24 h and 72 h. Lipogenesis was assessed by Oil Red O and Nile Red staining of the cells. In vivo effects were assessed on 30 subjects with oily skin who were enrolled in a randomized, blank‐controlled trial and were treated with LC solution for 6 h and 4 weeks. The skin sebum contents and area on the forehead and cheeks were evaluated using a Sebumeter SM815 and Sebfix sebutape with Visioscan VC98. In addition, VISIA was used to collect half‐face photos for analysis. Results: A novel active molecule, 5′‐o‐rhamnosyl uridine, was identified in LC. LC exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on LA and DHT‐induced lipid synthesis. When 5% LC was applied for 3 h, the skin sebum contents and area were significantly reduced compared with the vehicle control, with an obvious reduction after 6 h. Continued use of the serum containing 5% LC for 4 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in the skin sebum contents and area. No adverse reactions were reported during the study. Conclusions: Topical application of LC resulted in an immediate and long‐lasting reduction of the sebum contents and area of oily human skin by reducing sebaceous lipogenesis through the LA and DHT pathways. This indicates the potential of LC as a new biological treatment for oily skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chances of people suffering from cognitive impairments increase gradually with age. Diet and lifestyle are closely related to the occurrence and development of cognitive function. Dietary flavonoid supplementation has been shown to be one of the protective factors against cognitive decline. Flavonoids belong to a class of polyphenols that have been proposed for the treatment of cognitive decline. Recent evidence has shown that intestinal flora in the human body can interact with flavonoids. Intestinal microbiota can modify the chemical structure of flavonoids, producing new metabolites, the pharmacological activities of which may be different from those of the parent; meanwhile, flavonoids and their metabolites can, in turn, regulate the composition and structure of intestinal flora. Notably, intestinal flora affect host nervous system activity through the gut‐brain axis, ultimately causing changes in cognitive function. This review therefore summarizes the interaction of dietary flavonoids and intestinal flora, and their protective effect against cognitive decline through the gut‐brain axis, indicating that dietary flavonoids may ameliorate cognitive impairment through their interaction with intestinal microbiota. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the consumer purchase intention of products with geographic indications (GIs) based on a sample of 351 valid responses in three representative regions that are well known for their GIs of navel orange brands. Drawing on theories of consumer‐brand relationship, social identity or consumer identification with the brand, and psychological ownership, our empirical results support our research hypotheses. Specifically, it is found that consumers tend to have a higher purchase intention for hometown GI brands than for non‐hometown GI brands. Meanwhile, the impact of brand origin, that is, hometown versus non‐hometown GI brand, on consumer purchase intention of GI products is found to be mediated by consumer identification with the GI brands. In addition, psychological ownership moderates the impact of hometown GI brands on purchase intention in that high psychological ownership enhances the impact of brand origin on purchase intention, whereas low psychological ownership negates this effect. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel base‐promoted and highly efficient strategy for preparation of trifluoromethyl‐containing tetrasubstituted olefin derivatives has been developed. The trifluoroacetyl amination of alkynes is realized by C−N cleavage of trifluoroacetamides without any transition‐metal catalysts. Readily accessible substrates, good functional group tolerance and atom economy make this approach attractive for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐containing tetrasubstituted olefins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen‐doped carbon materials play an important role in the electrolysis of water due to their low cost and high stability. The major roles of N‐doped carbon materials in water electrolysis are electrocatalysts or catalyst support for metal‐based catalysts. However, the evolution of structures and performances of N‐doped carbon catalysts/support during electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) process has been seldom reported. Here, we found that the catalytic activities of N‐doped carbon were electrochemically activated during the in‐situ HER process. After electrochemical activation, the catalytic activities of the nitrogen‐doped carbon towards HER were drastically improved and even approached the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst. The examination of activation conditions and correlation with the catalytical performances demonstrated that the emerged pyridine N‐oxide structure was responsible for the enhanced catalytic performances. The reconstruction of surface chemical structures near the active sites during activation results in the enhanced surface hydrophilicity, which in turn makes the active sites more accessible by the protons. As a result, the catalytic HER performances were drastically improved in the activated catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To simoutinusly achieve improved breakdown strength (BDS) and suppressed dielectric loss, a modified ternary nanocomposite composed of polypropylene (PP), maleic anhydride‐grafted PP and core‐shell structure SiO2@ZrO2 nanoparticles is proposed. By tailoring the thickness of SiO2 shell from 3 to 11 nm and the nanofillers content from 0.5 to 5 wt%, the particles disparsion is improved and meanwhile both the deep trap density and the interaction force between molecules are enhanced. In consequence, the restricted transportation of electrons along molecule chains as well as between chains together raise the DC BDS, that the BDS of optimum sample film reaches 430.8 kV/mm, 23% higher than neat PP. Besides, the ternary nanocomposites with SiO2@ZrO2 less than 3 wt% maintain the tanδ below 0.3% at a broad frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz, which is an extremely low level same as neat PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As worldwide counterterrorism operations grow, screening people for concealed objects in public places utilizing Terahertz security technology is becoming increasingly critical. In this letter, a passive THz Human security image Intelligent detection method (HE‐DETR‐DC5) is proposed that combines histogram equalization (HE) processing and DEtection TRansformer (DETR). The proposed method first performs histogram equalization on passive THz images to improve image contrast. In addition, the cavity convolution is added to the ResNet‐50 backbone network to enhance the model's attention to the concealed object in the passive THz image and improve the accuracy. The corresponding model is called DETR‐DC5. The experimental results show that the average precision mAP of the proposed method can achieve 99.9%. At the same time, compared to other image enhancement methods, the histogram equalization method used in this letter has better performance and higher detection accuracy. The detection speed of the proposed method is about 0.5 FPS, which can meet the demand for real‐time detection. Therefore, the proposed model can efficiently and automatically detect hidden objects in passive THz human security images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings are commonly used as protective materials in the automotive industry. In this study, textured PEO coatings with different densities of dimples are fabricated by laser surface texturing, which is followed by coating with self-lubricating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material by vacuum penetration. The topographies, microstructures, and tribological properties of the textured PEO/PTFE coatings are investigated. The results show that the texture densities have a significant effect on the tribological properties of composite PEO/PTFE coatings. The composite coating with a texture density of 39.7% shows a stable and low friction coefficient of ≈0.11 under test loads ranging from 5 to 20 N. In addition, this coating exhibits better carrying capacity than other textured coatings during the friction process. With the increase in dimple area density, the storage capacity of the composite coating increases, and is accompanied by a decreased load-bearing capacity. This leads to further contact with the friction interface, which is beneficial to lubrication. An ideal balance between the physical support of the PEO coating and the lubricating effect of the PTFE film is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Amitraz is a broad‐spectrum insecticide/acaricide for the control of aphids, psyllids, ticks and mites. Current evidence suggests that ticks and phytophagous mites have developed strong resistance to amitraz. Previous studies have shown that multiple mechanisms are associated with amitraz resistance in ticks, but very few reports have involved Panonychus citri. We therefore used whole genome sequencing and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify the mechanism underlying P. citri's resistance to amitraz. RESULTS: High‐quality assembly of the whole P. citri genome was completed, resulting in a genome of approximately 83.97 Mb and a contig N50 of approximately 1.81 Mb. Gene structure predictions revealed 11 577 genes, of which 10 940 genes were annotated. Trait‐associated regions in the genome were mapped with bulked segregant analysis and 38 candidate SNPs were obtained, of which T752C had the strongest correlation with the resistant trait, located at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the β‐2R adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor gene. The mutation resulted in the formation of a short hairpin loop structure in mRNA and gene expression was down‐regulated by more than 50% in the amitraz‐resistant strain. Validation of the T752C mutation in field populations of P. citri found that the correlation between the resistance ratio and the base mutation was 94.40%. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this 5′ UTR mutation of the β‐2R octopamine receptor gene, confers amitraz resistance in P. citri. This discovery provides a new explanation for the mechanism of pest resistance: base mutations in the 5′ untranslated region of target gene may regulate the susceptibility of pests to pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In order to investigate the mechanism by which heat shock improves the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) following lyophilisation, we performed proteomic analysis based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) on Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) ATCC4356. Among the 75 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 16 and 59 were up‐ and downregulated, respectively, mainly related to amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, ABC transportation, transcription and translation. MrnC, tuf, recG, ychF, purB, dtpT, LBA1220, LBA0434 and LBA0921 were identified as key genes mediating tolerance to freeze‐drying. Energy supply was enhanced by regulating amino acid metabolism and glycolysis, while energy consumption was decreased by downregulating most translation‐related proteins. DNA and the cellular internal environment were stabilised, and ABC transporters assisted adaptation to freeze‐drying. The results provide new insight for understanding tolerance to freeze‐drying in LAB following heat shock treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although it is well known that miRNAs play crucial roles in multiple biological processes, there is currently no evidence indicating that milRNAs from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) interfere with tomato resistance during infection.Here, using sRNA‐seq, we demonstrate that Fol‐milR1, a trans‐kingdom small RNA, is exported into tomato cells after infection.The knockout strain ∆Fol‐milR1 displays attenuated pathogenicity to the susceptible tomato cultivar 'Moneymaker'. On the other hand, Fol‐milR1 overexpression strains exhibit enhanced virulence against the resistant cultivar 'Motelle'. Several tomato mRNAs are predicted targets of Fol‐milR1. Among these genes, Solyc06g007430 (encoding the CBL‐interacting protein kinase, SlyFRG4) is regulated at the posttranscriptional level by Fol‐milR1. Furthermore, SlyFRG4 loss‐of‐function alleles created using CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato ('Motelle') exhibit enhanced disease susceptibility to Fol, further supporting the idea that SlyFRG4 is essential for tomato wilt disease resistance. Notably, our results using immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum suggest that Fol‐milR1 interferes with the host immunity machinery by binding to tomato ARGONAUTE 4a (SlyAGO4a). Furthermore, virus‐induced gene silenced (VIGS) knock‐down SlyAGO4a plants exhibit reduced susceptibility to Fol.Together, our findings support a model in which Fol‐milR1 is an sRNA fungal effector that suppresses host immunity by silencing a disease resistance gene, thus providing a novel virulence strategy to achieve infection. See also the Commentary on this article by Thieron et al., 232: 464–467. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ring flange connections with preloaded high strength bolts are most commonly used to connect two segments of steel tubular towers. Behaviour and durability of ring flange connections is influenced by various factors, including stiffness of ring flanges, fabrication and execution imperfections, welding technology and welding details of the ring flange/segment connection, type of bolts, pretension technique and control of accomplished pretension force in bolts. This paper focuses on ring flange connections with defined contacts compared to the "full ring flange connection". No imperfections are considered. Behaviour of the ring flange connections is investigated by advanced finite element analysis (FEA). The realistic geometry of bolted connection, ductile damage material model and element removal are used in the advanced FE model with explicit numerical solver. In addition, the influence of two types of high strength bolts, fully‐threaded and partial‐threaded bolts, on the mechanical behaviour of connections is considered. The failure modes and tensile stiffness are compared using different analytical models. Finally, recommendations for calculation of the tensile resistance of the connection and the bolt force with defined surface area are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensile behaviour of bolts has direct effects on the performances of structural bolted joints. Conventional studies mainly focus on the stiffness and strength of bolt assemblies, whereas the deformation and fracture behaviour of fully and partially threaded bolts under tension is rarely investigated. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the fracture behaviour of fully and partially threaded bolts based on the experimental results in literature [5]. Firstly, a combined linear and power stress‐strain relation is used to describe the post‐necking stress‐strain relations of fully and partially threaded bolts. Direct tension tests on fully and partially threaded bolts are modelled using ABAQUS with the explicit solver. The fracture criterion proposed by Bao and Wierzbicki [10] is used to simulate the bolt tensile fracture and thread stripping failure. Numerical results indicate that the large deformation behaviour and the failure mode of fully and partially threaded bolts under tension could be accurately predicted combining the calibrated post‐necking stress‐strain relations and the Bao‐Wierzbicki fracture criterion with suitable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was designed to assess the clinical applicability of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) during the 1st month following delivery among women in China and to survey the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD)-related risk factors included in the PDPI-R in this population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which recruited 447 women from the People's Liberation Army Hospital in Hefei of Anhui province. All participants completed the Chinese version of the PDPI-R (PDPI-R-C) and the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (C-EPDS) within 1 month of delivery. The predictive ability of the PDPI-R was then evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results: The PDPI-R-C was able to accurately predict 73.2% of PPD cases (area under the ROC curve = 0.732; 95% CI 0.69-0.78) using a cut-off score of 5.5, as defined by a C-EPDS score of ≥10 (sensitivity = 62.8%; specificity = 73.5%; positive predictive value = 74.5%; negative predictive value = 61.5%). All 13 risk factors in the PDPI-R-C other than socioeconomic status and marital status were associated with the risk of PPD. Conclusions: The PDPI-R-C was found to be an effective and easy-toimplement tool that has promise as a means of screening for PPD in Chinese populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid review format (verbal reviews accompanied by pictures) is increasingly prevalent in online consumer reviews. However, the mechanism behind the superiority effect of hybrid reviews is still unclear. Unlike previous studies based on information processing theory that emphasize the imagery‐provoking ability of the verbal information, we contend that imagery in hybrid reviews is the information that adds more diagnostic value to online reviews and thus makes the reviews more helpful. Our experimental studies found that hybrid reviews were perceived as more helpful than word‐only reviews, and this effect was explained by the perceived amount of information. Moreover, the superiority effect of hybrid reviews on perceived helpfulness was found to be contingent on the review extremity and viewing tasks. These results confirmed our hypothesis of picture as information, explaining the superiority effect of hybrid reviews and pinpointed the conditions under which such an effect would occur or disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrusting and the associated folding are crucial geological processes accommodating the crustal shortening in a foreland setting. This work focuses on the late Quaternary thrusting of the Banfanggou fault (BF) in the southern Chaiwopu Basin, northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland. The outcrops at the Urumqi River in the western part of the southern margin of the basin show that the BF, dipping south with angle of 60–80 °, has thrust the Neogene mudstone onto the Quaternary gravels and has displaced the terrace surfaces. In contrast, the eastern segment of the BF exists as a blind thrust fault. By using the geomorphic surface (river terrace and alluvial fan) as the reference, the average rate of vertical slip on the western segment of the BF over the past ~12 ka is estimated to ~1.7 mm/year, and the estimated rate at the eastern segment of the fault is ~1.0–1.3 mm/year. Despite of the uncertainties of the rates deriving from the vertical offsets and the geomorphic ages, the resultant vertical slip rates might imply relatively high seismic risk in the southern Chaiwopu Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this study, we measured the hematologic and spirometric parameters of native Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders in the Pamir Mountains to investigate adaptations to high altitude stressors. Methods: Hematological parameters including arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), red blood cell (RBC) counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured on Sarikoli Tajik (n = 80; 3100 m), Wakhi Tajik (n = 48; 3500 m), and Kyrgyz (n = 64; 3250 m) in comparison to lowland Uyghurs (n = 50; 1300 m). Spirometric parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), the first second of forced expiration (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25‐75) were measured. We also reported mountain sickness symptoms in these highlanders and conducted a multivariate regression analysis to analyze the association between these symptoms and the measured parameters. Results: SaO2 of Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (91%‐93.5%) are significantly lower than lowland Uyghurs, yet are comparable to other native highlanders at a similar altitude. RBC counts and Hb concentrations of all three highland populations are significantly increased compared to Uyghurs. FVC is lower in Sarikoli Tajik, Wakhi Tajik, and Kyrgyz (male: 3.48‐3.86 L, female: 2.47‐2.78 L) compared to Uyghurs. Combined with normal FEV1, elevated FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF25‐75, the spirometric patterns of these highlanders indicate restrictive lung disease. A high prevalence of mountain sickness symptoms such as headache and nausea was found in all three highland populations, and are attributed to low FVC and aging by regression analysis. Conclusion: Tajik and Kyrgyz highlanders showed adaptation in SaO2, RBC, and Hb level, but poor performance in spirometry, which causes mountain sickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To detect folate receptor (FR)‐positive circulating tumour cells (FR+ CTCs) by using ligand‐targeted polymerase chain reaction (LT‐PCR) in periampullary cancer patients and to investigate the diagnostic value of FR+ CTCs in distinguishing pancreatic cancer (PC) from benign pancreatic disease. Materials and Methods: CTCs were enriched from 3 mL of peripheral blood and portal vein blood by immunomagnetic depletion of leucocytes and were then detected by LT‐PCR. The diagnostic performance of FR+ CTCs in PC was investigated by receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: In total, 57 consecutive patients, including 46 patients with PC, five patients with non‐pancreatic periampullary cancer (non‐PC) and six patients with benign pancreatic diseases, were enrolled. FR+ CTC levels were significantly higher in patients with malignant diseases (PC and non‐PC) than in patients with benign pancreatic diseases (P <.01). There was no notable difference in CTC levels between patients with PC and those with non‐PC (P >.05). The combination of FR+ CTCs with carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) had better diagnostic efficiency than each of these two markers alone, with high sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (83.3%). Conclusions: LT‐PCR is feasible and reliable for detecting FR+ CTCs in patients with periampullary cancer. FR+ CTCs, especially when used in combination with CA19‐9, have potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium (Se) has received extensive attention as the most competitive cathode material for next generation high‐energy batteries. However, the shuttle effect of polyselenide and volume change lead to inferior electrochemical properties. To solve these issues, a porous bamboo‐derived carbon (PBC) with abundant meso/micropores is prepared as a framework to effectively encapsulate elemental selenium. For Li–Se batteries, Se/PBC electrode delivers an outstanding capacity of 509 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C (1 C = 675 mA g−1) with a low capacity fade of 0.036% per cycle. The Se/PBC composite also reveals a satisfied electrochemical performance for Na–Se batteries with an excellent capacity of 409 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Moreover, Se/PBC electrode also presents excellent long‐term cycle performance and rate performance at 15 C for Li–Se batteries and 10 C for Na–Se batteries. The outstanding properties are attributed to the specific 3D structure and high conductivity of PBC, which significantly inhibits the shuttle effect and enhances the reaction kinetics. Herein, not only the great application potential of bamboo in energy storage systems is demonstrated, but also an effective approach and low‐cost strategy for improving the performance of lithium/sodium–selenium batteries is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the similar atom arrangement with black phosphorus, black arsenic also has obvious Raman anisotropy at both the base and cross planes. However, the polarization characteristics of black arsenic have been rarely reported so far with most relevant studies devoted to the base plane. Here, to compensate for the blank of the anisotropy in cross plane, we implemented a systematical angle‐resolved polarized Raman measurement on both planes of layered black arsenic and observed that the Raman intensity ratios (Ixx : Iyy : Izz) of optical phonons Ag1 and Ag2 modes along different axes are 1:4.8:2.76 and 6.9:1:5.7, respectively. Based on the definition of Raman intensity, we abstracted integral Raman tensors of black arsenic. In addition, according to density functional theory, it can be affirmed that the Raman anisotropy of Ag mode is sourced from the anisotropy of differential polarizability along different crystal axes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yixingzhai gold deposit is a quartz‐vein–type deposit accompanied by skarn iron and porphyry molybdenum mineralization. There are four crypto‐explosive breccia pipes which provide an important ore‐controlling structure. Here we investigate the composition and compositional zoning of the native gold, garnet, and epidote in the Tietangdong skarn breccia pipe through detailed petrography, electron probe microanalysis, and elemental mapping. The native gold compositions show that they were formed in a relative higher temperature condition. Based on their composition and optical characteristics, the zoning in garnet can be divided into three types. The garnets of Generations 1 and 3 show high contents of spessartine (2.91–10.17 mol%) and grossular (20.94–54.71 mol%) and anomalous birefringence, indicating that they formed under relatively higher pressure and temperature and lower oxygen fugacity. The garnets of Generation 2 are mainly composed of andradite (75.70–99.98 mol%) and show compositional homogeneity, with formation under relative lower pressure and temperature and higher oxygen fugacity conditions. Magmatic‐hydrothermal pulses and multiple crypto‐explosions could be the main geological processes that caused the formation of the zoning textures. Zoning in epidote is more complex than that in garnet, and from core to the rim, the iron content shows an abrupt increase and aluminium content shows decrease. There is also decrease in iron and increase in aluminium in the inner part. These features might record multiple crypto‐explosion processes. Combining the complex replacement features of iron oxides and sulphides in the breccia pipe, we suggest that the Tietangdong breccia pipe formed through several crypto‐explosions. The fluid system in the breccia pipe activated during multiple crypto‐explosions, and oxygen fugacity varied greatly, which was disadvantageous to the accumulation and precipitation of ore‐forming elements. Crypto‐explosions destroyed the ore bodies formed during the early stage, resulting in their scattered distribution throughout the breccia pipe. Cone fractures formed eventually with the shrinking of the cooling breccia pipe after the magmatism ceased. Those fractures provided important ore‐hosting structures for the gold mineralization during the late stage. Our research indicates that there is high prospecting potential for porphyry Mo, Cu, and Au deposits in the deeper domains of the breccia pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) regulates bladder cancer cells. Bladder cancer samples were collected and tested for experiment. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the downstream target genes for GAS5 and miR‐21. The expression level of GAS5 was decreased and that of miR‐21 was increased, indicating a negative correlation between the two. Patients with high GAS5 level and low miR‐21 level had relatively longer survival rates. GAS5 inhibited bladder cancer cells proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and miR‐21 had the opposite effects. MiR‐21 was a direct target for GAS5, whereas phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was a direct target gene of miR‐21. Low expression of miR‐21 could reverse the proliferative and antiapoptotic effects caused by GAS5 silencing. High levels of GAS5 and low levels of miR‐21 might be associated with a higher survival rate in bladder cancer patients. GAS5 could exert antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on bladder cancer cells through miR‐21 and PTEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A firm's superior innovation performance is embodied not only by its average innovation performance but also by the likelihood of extremely high innovative outcomes. The former benchmark is associated with the mean of the performance distribution, while the latter is associated with the variance, both of which play an important role in instructing the achievement of superior innovation performance. In this paper, we explored how inbound open innovation impacts superior innovation performance by considering both the average and variance effects of inbound openness. We conducted agent‐based modeling and simulation research to untangle the relationship between inbound openness and superior innovation performance and how the relationship is moderated by the disruptiveness of industrial innovation. We found that inbound openness significantly influences both the benchmarks. Specifically, search breadth positively influences the likelihood of extremely high innovative outcomes in general, whereas search depth positively influences average innovation performance; and the strength of these effects varies under different disruptiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]