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Prunella vulgaris has long been used in traditional medicine and is consumed as a tea in China. Here, the total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of plants from different geographical regions were measured. It was found that the total phenolic acid concentration ranged from 4.15 to 8.82 g of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dry weight (DW), and the total flavonoid concentration was 4.67–7.33 g of rutin equivalent per 100 g DW. Antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and the results ranged from 73.47% to 94.43% and 74.54% to 93.39%, respectively, whereas α‐glucosidase inhibition was between 75.31% and 95.49%. Correlation analysis showed that the total flavonoids in P. vulgaris had superior antioxidant and anti‐α‐glucosidase activities compared to the total phenolic compounds. The active components of P. vulgaris were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with both classical molecular networking and feature‐based molecular networking on the Global Natural Products Social platform, identifying 32 compounds, namely 14 flavonoids, 12 phenolic compounds, and 6 other chemical components. These results could provide useful information on the use of P. vulgaris as a functional tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of this updated meta-analysis was to further assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) in treating bipolar disorder ( BD). Methods We carried out a literature search on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to October 2015. We calculated the pooled relative risk of relapse rate and standard mean difference ( SMD) of mean change (data at a follow-up time-point - baseline) of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Mania Rating Scale scores with their 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analyses based on follow-up time were performed. Results Nine randomized controlled trials with 520 bipolar I or II disorder patients were reanalyzed. Overall analysis showed that CBT did not significantly reduce the relapse rate of BD or improve the level of depression. However, significant efficacy of CBT in improving severity of mania was proved based on the YMRS ( SMD = −0.54, 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.06, P = 0.03) but not based on MRS. Subgroup analyses showed that CBT had short-term efficacy in reducing relapse rate of BD (at 6 months' follow-up: relative risk = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.81, P = 0.006) and improving severity of mania based on YMRS score (post-treatment: SMD = −0.30, 95% CI, −0.59 to −0.01, P = 0.04). Conclusion Short-term efficacy of CBT in reducing relapse rate of BD and improving the severity of mania was proved. But these effects could be weakened by time. In addition, there was no effect of CBT on level of depression in BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C16H12O4, a 9,10-anthraquinone derivative, the crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O non-classical hydrogen bonds with quinone O atoms as acceptors. There are no π–π stacking inter­actions in the crystal structure. The molecule lies across a crystallographic mirror plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compoud, C21H24N4O8, is an important inter­mediate for the synthesis of more complex glycoluril derivatives. The crystal structure is stabilized mostly by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C19H18O2S, displays a trans configuration with respect to the central C=C double bond. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 67.91 (5)°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C11H19N5O4, contains three fused rings, namely two nearly planar imidazole rings and one non-planar triazine ring. The latter ring displays a chair conformation. Two hydroxy­lmethyl­ene groups are linked to two N atoms from separate rings of the glycoluril system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C15H12F3N5O3, is a by-product isolated from the preparation of di-2-pyridiylglycoluril. The mol­ecule contains two classical intra­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and its crystal structure is stabilized mostly by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new glycoluril derivatives, namely diethyl 6-ethyl-1,4-dioxo-1,2,2a,3,4,6,7,7b-octahydro-5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-2a,7b-dicarboxylate, C(14)H(21)N(5)O(6), (I), and 6-ethyl-2a,7b-diphenyl-1,2,2a,3,4,6,7,7b-octahydro-5H-2,3,4a,6,7a-pentaazacyclopenta[cd]indene-1,4-dione, C(20)H(21)N(5)O(2), (II), both bearing two free syn-urea NH groups and two ureidyl C=O groups, assemble the same one-dimensional chains in the solid state running parallel to the [010] direction via N-H...O hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the chains of (I) are linked together into two-dimensional networks via C-H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C(25)H(20)N(4)·4H(2)O, crystallizes with the organic mol-ecule lying on a twofold rotation axis through the methyl-ene bridge C atom; there are also two water molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, linking the water mol-ecules to each other and to the pyridine N atom.

In the title compound, C(24)H(29)Br(2)N(5)O(6), a glycoluril derivative, the 1,4-dibromo-benzene ring is fused to the seven-membered ring of the glycoluril unit containing two N atoms. The two five-membered rings in the glycoluril unit are approximately planar and the dihedral angle between them is 69.8 (2)°. The six-membered ring containing three N atoms adopts a chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by an inter-molecular non-classical C-H⋯O hydrogen bond and a weak C-H⋯π inter-action. Both of the ester groups are found to be disordered over two positions. The occupancies of the disordered positions were refined to 0.73(1):0.27(1) and 0.56(1):0.44(1).