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Light‐absorbing carbonaceous aerosols that dominate atmospheric aerosol warming over India remain poorly characterized. Here, we delve into UV‐visible‐IR spectral aerosol absorption properties at nine PAN‐India COALESCE network sites (Venkataraman et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams‐d‐19‐0030.1). Absorption properties were estimated from aerosol‐laden polytetrafluoroethylene filters using a well‐constrained technique incorporating filter‐to‐particle correction factors. The measurements revealed spatiotemporal heterogeneity in spectral intrinsic and extrinsic absorption properties. Absorption analysis at near‐UV wavelengths from carbonaceous aerosols at these regional sites revealed large near‐ultraviolet brown carbon absorption contributions from 21% to 68%—emphasizing the need to include these particles in climate models. Further, satellite‐retrieved column‐integrated absorption was dominated by surface absorption, which opens possibilities of using satellite measurements to model surface‐layer optical properties (limited to specific sites) at a higher spatial resolution. Both the satellite‐modeled and direct in‐situ absorption measurements can aid in validating and constraining climate modeling efforts that suffer from absorption underestimations and high uncertainties in radiative forcing estimates. Plain Language Summary: Particulate pollution in the atmosphere scatter and absorb incoming solar energy, thus cooling or warming Earth's atmosphere. In developing countries and especially in India, one of the most polluted regions of the world, the extent to which particles can absorb solar energy and warm the atmosphere is not well understood. Here, for the first time, we measure particle absorption simultaneously at nine ground sites across India, in diverse geographical regions with different levels and types of particulate pollution. We find that organic carbon particles exert large absorption at near‐ultraviolet wavelengths, which contain significant solar energy. These light absorbing organic carbon particles, called brown carbon, are emitted in large quantities from biomass burning (e.g., burning crop residue and cooking on wood‐fired stoves). Comparing ground measurements of absorption with satellite‐retrieved measurements that are representative of the entire atmospheric column, we find that near‐surface atmospheric particles can exert significant warming. This study highlights the need to improve climate model simulations of particulate pollution's impact on the climate by incorporating spatiotemporal surface‐level absorption measurements, including absorption by brown carbon particles. Key Points: Measurements at nine regional PAN‐India sites reveal several regions with large aerosol absorption strengthBrown carbon contributes significantly (21%–68%) to near‐ultraviolet absorption, indicating its importance in shortwave light absorptionStrong correlations observed between satellite data and surface absorption indicate future potential in modeling surface absorption [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Collusion is the non‐disclosure of information about diagnosis or prognosis, frequently encountered in cancer care and palliative services. Unraveling collusion is a skill and differences among communication techniques by Health Care Workers have maintained the process of non‐disclosure to patients and caregivers. Identifying the prevalence of collusion in cancer care is required to improve the existing strategies across the world. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 1991 to 2020 in the English language was conducted with the protocol registration on PROSPERO ID (CRD 42021249216.) to identify the pooled prevalence of collusion. Results: By using random effect model, the pooled prevalence estimate among patients for the diagnostic and prognostic collusion was 24.15, (95% CI [17.09; 32.96], Tou2 = 1.0801, I2 = 97.9%, Cochran's Q = 1058.22, df = 21, p‐value < 0.001) and 37.92, (95% CI [22.46; 56.30], Tou2 = 1.9641, I2 = 98.6%, Cochran's Q = 944.26, df = 13, p‐value < 0.001) respectively. There was no difference across subgroups with different types of setting for the interview, WHO regions and trend over the years. Conclusions: Substantial prevalence of collusion goes unnoticed in cancer care. A meaningful understanding of such a large prevalence requires inquiry into the existing communication paradigm in cancer care across the world. The findings also question the need of formulating uniform interview techniques and structured assessment tools or questionnaires in cancer care to improve the disclosure rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions, Source Apportionment and Climate Impacts (COALESCE) is a multi‐institutional Indian network project to better understand carbonaceous aerosol induced air quality and climate effects. This study presents time synchronized measurements of surface PM2.5 concentrations made during 2019 at 11 COALESCE sites across India. The network median PM2.5 concentration was 42 μg m−3 with the highest median value at Rohtak (99 μg m−3) and the lowest median value at Mysuru (26 μg m−3). The influence of six meteorological parameters on PM2.5 were evaluated. Causality analysis suggested that temperature, surface pressure, and relative humidity were the most important factors influencing fine PM mass, on an annual as well as seasonal scale. Further, a multivariable linear regression model showed that, on an annual basis, meteorology could explain 16%–41% of PM2.5 variability across the network. Concentration Weighted Trajectories (CWT) together with the results of causality analysis revealed common regional sources affecting PM2.5 concentrations at multiple regional sites. Further, CWT source locations for all sites across the network correlated with the SMoG‐India emissions inventory at the 95th percentile confidence. Finally, CWT maps in conjunction with emissions inventory were used to obtain quantitative estimates of anthropogenic primary PM2.5 sectoral shares from a mass‐meteorology‐emissions reconciliation, for all 11 pan‐India network sites. These estimates can help guide immediate source reduction and mitigation actions at the national level. Plain Language Summary: Surface PM2.5 mass causal associations with annual and seasonal meteorology during 2019 across 11 pan‐India COALESCE network locations were examined. Temperature, surface pressure and relative humidity were the most influential factors on fine PM mass concentrations. However, across the country only 16%–41% of fine PM variability was explained by meteorology on an annual basis. A fusion of trajectory ensemble methods with national emissions inventory was used for apportioning anthropogenic primary PM2.5 at all 11 locations. Mass‐meteorology‐emissions associations helped identify priority sectors for source control across the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New DABCO‐based chiral ionic liquids were synthesized and evaluated in asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes or 4‐phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐one. Chiral ionic liquid of modified MacMillan catalyst having a DABCO cation and hexafluorophosphate anion acts as organocatalyst (5 mol%) for the Diels–Alder reaction of crotonaldehyde and cyclopentadiene producing 98% of the product and 87% ee (endo) in CH3CN/H2O (95/5) at 25°C in 2 h. The scope and limitations of the catalysis were also studied by using cyclopentadiene and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, and the Diels–Alder products were obtained in 18%–92% yields with 68%–93% ee. The catalyst was recycled and reused up to 6 cycles with a slight drop in ee and conversion of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In the recent era, the security issues affecting the future Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) standards has fascinated noteworthy consideration from numerous research communities. In this view, numerous assessments in the form of surveys were proposed highlighting several future IoT‐centric subjects together with threat modeling, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and various emergent technologies. In contrast, in this article, we have focused exclusively on the emerging IoT‐related vulnerabilities. This article is a multi‐fold survey that emphasizes on understanding the crucial causes of novel vulnerabilities in IoT paradigms and issues in existing research. Initially, we have emphasized on different layers of IoT architecture and highlight various emerging security challenges associated with each layer along with the key issues of different IoT systems. Secondly, we discuss the exploitation, detection, and defense methodologies of IoT malware‐enabled distributed denial of service (DDoS), Sybil, and collusion attack capabilities. We have also discussed numerous state‐of‐the‐art strategies for intrusion detection and methods for IDS setup in future IoT systems. Third, we have presented a brief classification of existing IoT authentication protocols and a comparative analysis of such protocols based on different IoT‐enabled cyber attacks. For conducting a real‐time future IoT research, we have presented some emerging blockchain solutions. We have also discussed a comparative examination of some of the recently developed simulation tools and IoT test beds that are characterized based on different layers of IoT infrastructure. We have also outlined some of the open issues and future research directions and also facilitate the readers with broad classification of existing surveys in this domain that addresses several scopes related to the IoT paradigm. This survey article focuses in enabling IoT‐related research activities by comparing and merging scattered surveys in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazolidin‐4‐one is used as a recoverable organocatalyst for the asymmetric Diels‐Alder reaction in the presence of catalytic amount of dicationic ionic liquid and trifluoroacetic acid as a co‐catalyst. The Diels‐Alder reaction between model substrate cyclopentadiene and crotonaldehyde gave the product in 95% conversion and 87% ee of the endo‐product. The catalyst was shown better reusability when the 20 mol% of dicationic ionic liquid was used and catalyst was reused upto 5 cycles, conversion remains upto 3 recycles but ee of endo‐9 was slightly droped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article presents a client‐server JavaScript code rewriting‐based framework that protects and preserves the privacy of online users against XSS worms on Online Social Network (OSN). The server‐side generates an estimation graph which is explored for extracting the JavaScript code and shifts such code in a separate file. This shifting is done for completely isolating the untrusted JavaScript code and data. The client‐side performs runtime monitoring of the dynamic JavaScript code to recognize the tainted flow of untrusted JavaScript variables. The context of such dynamic tainted variables is determined, for performing the string analysis to examine whether it may be considered as vulnerable point or not. Finally, decoding operation is performed on the obfuscated malicious JavaScript code and the JavaScript code embedded in the parameter values of HTTP request. If match is found, then XSS attack vector is present. Otherwise, it is not. The authors have developed their prototype on the Java development framework and have estimated the malicious script alleviation capability of this proposed work on tested web applications (Humhub, Elgg, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents a letter to the editor about non-Hodgkins lymphoma in the form of ovarian involvement.

Presents a case of a patient with molar cornual ectopic pregnancy. Description of the symptoms and condition of the patient; Result of laparotomy and histopathology; Incidence of ectopic pregnancy.