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Sepsis is a common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Though antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment in culture‐positive neonatal sepsis, the dilemma persists for the optimum duration of antimicrobial therapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of short‐course antibiotics for uncomplicated culture‐positive neonatal sepsis. This systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42023444899) identified, appraised, and synthesised the available evidence from randomised and quasi‐randomised controlled trials related to the efficacy of short‐course (7–10 days) versus standard‐course (14 days) antibiotics for uncomplicated culture‐positive neonatal sepsis on the rate of treatment failure, mortality, duration of hospitalisation, morbidities including antibiotics‐related adverse events, long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes and cost analysis. Data were pooled using RevMan 5.4 software. Certainty of evidence (COE) for predefined outcomes was analysed by GRADE. Available evidence showed no significant difference in the rate of treatment failure between 7‐ to 10‐day versus 14‐day antibiotics courses [risk ratio (95% confidence interval, CI), 2.45 (0.93–6.47), I2 = 0%, six studies, n = 573, very low COE]. No incidence of death was reported in either treatment arm in the two included studies. Duration of hospitalisation was significantly shorter with the short‐course antibiotics arm compared to standard‐course [mean difference (95% CI), −3.88 (−4.22 to −3.54) days, I2 = 0%, five studies, n = 507, low COE]. Morbidities reported in the three studies were similar. Other outcomes were not reported. To conclude the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of short‐course antibiotic regimen, compared to a standard‐course, on the treatment failure rate in uncomplicated culture‐positive neonatal sepsis. Adequately powered trials with outcomes including death and long‐term neurodevelopmental impairment are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bilateral posterior crossbite (BPXB) is a severe malocclusion associated with maxillary hypoplasia. BPXB may involve the same or a different number of teeth between the sides. Objectives: To evaluate the masticatory function in BPXB and the association between the masticatory alterations and the occlusal features of BPXB. Methods: This observational study included 170 participants: 130 patients with BPXB (65 occlusally symmetric BPXB, i.e. same number and type of posterior teeth in crossbite between the sides, F = 33, M = 32, median age 9.6 (8.2–13) [years.months]; 65 patients occlusally asymmetric BPXB, F = 30, M = 35, median age 9.9 (8.3–13.6)) and 40 controls (F = 25, M = 15, median age 10.2 (9.4–11.6)). The masticatory function was evaluated by the detection of the Reverse Chewing Cycles (RCCs) recorded with a kinesiograph using standardised soft and hard boluses. Results: The frequency of RCCs was significantly increased in all BPXB patients compared to controls (p <.000). In symmetric BPXB patients, there were no significant differences in the frequency of RCCs during chewing on the left or the right side. In asymmetric BPXB patients, the frequency of RCCs was significantly increased during chewing on the side with relatively more teeth in crossbite (p <.000). Conclusions: The masticatory function was significantly altered in all BPXB patients and it was differently affected by symmetric or asymmetric occlusal features of the malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interest is growing in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and large language models like OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini, particularly in dental education. To explore dental educators' perceptions of AI chatbots and large language models, specifically their potential benefits and challenges for dental education. Materials and Methods: A global cross‐sectional survey was conducted in May–June 2023 using a 31‐item online‐questionnaire to assess dental educators' perceptions of AI chatbots like ChatGPT and their influence on dental education. Dental educators, representing diverse backgrounds, were asked about their use of AI, its perceived impact, barriers to using chatbots, and the future role of AI in this field. Results: 428 dental educators (survey views = 1516; response rate = 28%) with a median [25/75th percentiles] age of 45 [37, 56] and 16 [8, 25] years of experience participated, with the majority from the Americas (54%), followed by Europe (26%) and Asia (10%). Thirty‐one percent of respondents already use AI tools, with 64% recognising their potential in dental education. Perception of AI's potential impact on dental education varied by region, with Africa (4[4–5]), Asia (4[4–5]), and the Americas (4[3–5]) perceiving more potential than Europe (3[3–4]). Educators stated that AI chatbots could enhance knowledge acquisition (74.3%), research (68.5%), and clinical decision‐making (63.6%) but expressed concern about AI's potential to reduce human interaction (53.9%). Dental educators' chief concerns centred around the absence of clear guidelines and training for using AI chatbots. Conclusion: A positive yet cautious view towards AI chatbot integration in dental curricula is prevalent, underscoring the need for clear implementation guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Smile design software increasingly relies on artificial intelligence (AI). However, using AI for smile design raises numerous technical and ethical concerns. This study aimed to evaluate these ethical issues. Methods: An international consortium of experts specialized in AI, dentistry, and smile design was engaged to emulate and assess the ethical challenges raised by the use of AI for smile design. An e‐Delphi protocol was used to seek the agreement of the ITU‐WHO group on well‐established ethical principles regarding the use of AI (wellness, respect for autonomy, privacy protection, solidarity, governance, equity, diversity, expertise/prudence, accountability/responsibility, sustainability, and transparency). Each principle included examples of ethical challenges that users might encounter when using AI for smile design. Results: On the first round of the e‐Delphi exercise, participants agreed that seven items should be considered in smile design (diversity, transparency, wellness, privacy protection, prudence, law and governance, and sustainable development), but the remaining four items (equity, accountability and responsibility, solidarity, and respect of autonomy) were rejected and had to be reformulated. After a second round, participants agreed to all items that should be considered while using AI for smile design. Conclusions: AI development and deployment for smile design should abide by the ethical principles of wellness, respect for autonomy, privacy protection, solidarity, governance, equity, diversity, expertise/prudence, accountability/responsibility, sustainability, and transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Sugarcane juice, which has a short shelf life, is a popular thirst‐quenching and rejuvenating beverage worldwide. The limited shelf life is a result of changes in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, total plate count (TPC) and color attributes (L*, a* and b*‐values). We hypothesized that chemical kinetics and thermodynamics of blanched sugarcane cane juice causing alterations in PPO, TPC, and L, a* and b*‐values will address the challenges of sugarcane juice preservation. RESULTS: Sugarcane billets were blanched at variable time–temperature combinations in the range 0–20 min and 70–90 °C. Reaction rates increased with increasing temperature; PPO activity, TPC and colour followed first‐order kinetics. PPO activity had an activation energy (Ea) of 81 kJ mol−1. The half life (t½) dropped from 16.5 to 3.47 min and decimal reduction time (D‐values) dropped from 54.83 to 11.52 min. Thus reactions were temperature‐sensitive. Thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic (positive enthalpy values, ΔH > 0; 78.10 kJ mol−1) and reversible process (negative entropy values ΔS < 0; −0.044 kJmol−1 K−1). Michaeli–Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of PPO activity were determined by adding variable lemon juice concentrations in sugarcane juice. As the Km values increased (from 5.53 to 15.81 mm) and Vmax values decreased (from 666.67 to 384.61 UmL−1), a Lineweaver–Burk plot suggested decreased PPO affinity of sugarcane juice. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that studies on chemical kinetics and thermodynamics (PPO, TPC and L, a* and b*‐values) of blanched sugarcane cane juice shall mitigate challenges of sugarcane juice preservation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pathology grading is an essential step for the treatment and evaluation of the prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Purpose: To investigate the utility of texture analysis in evaluating Fuhrman grades of renal tumors in patients with Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)‐associated ccRCC, aiming to improve non‐invasive diagnosis and personalized treatment. Study Type: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained cohort. Population: One hundred and thirty‐six patients, 84 (61%) males and 52 (39%) females with pathology‐proven ccRCC with a mean age of 52.8 ± 12.7 from 2010 to 2023. Field Strength and Sequences: 1.5 and 3 T MRIs. Segmentations were performed on the T1‐weighted 3‐minute delayed sequence and then registered on pre‐contrast, T1‐weighted arterial and venous sequences. Assessment: A total of 404 lesions, 345 low‐grade tumors, and 59 high‐grade tumors were segmented using ITK‐SNAP on a T1‐weighted 3‐minute delayed sequence of MRI. Radiomics features were extracted from pre‐contrast, T1‐weighted arterial, venous, and delayed post‐contrast sequences. Preprocessing techniques were employed to address class imbalances. Features were then rescaled to normalize the numeric values. We developed a stacked model combining random forest and XGBoost to assess tumor grades using radiomics signatures. Statistical Tests: The model's performance was evaluated using positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, F1 score, area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curve, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Using Monte Carlo technique, the average performance of 100 benchmarks of 85% train and 15% test was reported. Results: The best model displayed an accuracy of 0.79. For low‐grade tumor detection, a sensitivity of 0.79, a PPV of 0.95, and an F1 score of 0.86 were obtained. For high‐grade tumor detection, a sensitivity of 0.78, PPV of 0.39, and F1 score of 0.52 were reported. Data Conclusion: Radiomics analysis shows promise in classifying pathology grades non‐invasively for patients with VHL‐associated ccRCC, potentially leading to better diagnosis and personalized treatment. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) can occur as a dental complication in young, healthy individuals. Early diagnosis, treatment, and awareness of severe acute cervicofacial pain, rapid swelling, and radiological gas formation are crucial. Broad molecular profiling is recommended for understanding the organisms involved in such infections in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The underlying mechanisms of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) remain unclear leading to challenges and unsatisfactory management. Current treatments focus primarily on symptom relief, with few consistently achieving a 50% reduction in pain. This review aims to explore animal models of BMS to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to discuss potential and existing knowledge gaps. Methods: A comprehensive review of PubMed®, Google Scholar, and Scopus was performed to assess advances and significant gaps of existing rodent models that mimic BMS‐related symptoms. Results: Rodent models of BMS involve reproduction of dry‐tongue, chorda tympani transection, or overexpression of artemin protein. Existing preclinical models tend to highlight one specific etiopathogenesis and often overlook sex‐ and hormone‐specific factors. Conclusion: Combining aspects from various BMS models could prove beneficial in developing comprehensive experimental designs and outcomes encompassing the multifaceted nature of BMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, luxury marketing increasingly utilizes "masstige marketing" as a strategic approach. This approach combines luxury and mass brands and targets middle‐class consumers with an aim to make high‐end brands more accessible and affordable. However, despite a surge in research interest over the past two decades, the literature on masstige marketing remains scattered. Therefore, the present moment offers an appropriate time to consolidate the existing literature and lay the groundwork for future researchers. To achieve this aim, this paper endeavors to narrow the literature divide between luxury and affordability to establish a strong conceptual boundary using SPAR‐4 protocol and the TCCM approach. It thoroughly examines 75 papers published between 2003 and 2023 to identify critical research gaps. Furthermore, following manual coding and inductive analysis, the review outlines the theoretical perspective like masstige and bandwagon (Theory); identifies the contextual elements like B2B space and culture (Context); reveals the antecedents, gaps, and outcome variables, that is, CBBE and purchase intention (Characteristics); and suggest diverse approaches, that is, mixed and experimental methods (Methodology). The article also confirms the incorporation of themes, that is, value‐based and masstige‐evolution dimensions, by using Corbin and Strauss open, axial, and selective coding. Lastly, by employing in‐depth knowledge gap analysis, the review proposes future research directions as an efficient path for obtaining a holistic understanding of masstige marketing dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Regulatory requirement of fixed holding time (6 h) of whole blood (WB) at room temperature, that is, 22–24°C (RT) results in sub‐optimal component separation. The aim was to evaluate the platelet concentrates (PC) prepared by both platelet rich plasma (PRP) and buffy coat (BC) methods after overnight hold (18–24 h) at RT. Materials and Methods: A prospective experimental study was performed. A total of 48 WB units collected were divided into four groups (12 each) control‐1 (C1) and test‐1 (T1) for PRP and control‐2 (C2) and test‐2 (T2) for the BC method. Control groups were processed within 6 h, and in test groups, components were prepared after overnight hold, followed by evaluation of quality parameters. Results: Irrespective of the method used, all PCs had similar volume, platelet yield, swirling, no bacterial contamination, RBC contamination, PaO2 and PaCO2 levels. PCs in the T1 group had significant differences in glucose and MPV values on d1, which were resolved by d5 of storage. PCs in T2 has significant differences in pH, glucose, and MPV levels throughout storage. PRBC in test and control groups had similar quality parameters till d42 of storage. FFPs in all tests were noninferior to the concurrent control groups till 3 months of storage. Conclusion: Overnight holding of WB had no lasting deleterious changes. Though a few biochemical parameters in the test groups were significantly different, they can be accepted to improve the logistics of component separation. Overall PRP method seemed to have a better result than the BC method after an overnight hold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Pilomatricoma, a rare benign skin tumor arising from hair follicle matrix cells, warrants consideration in the evaluation of subcutaneous nodules or masses, especially when presenting as painless and firm lesions. Accurate diagnosis hinges on histopathological examination, underscoring the significance of clinician vigilance and prompt intervention. Pilomatricoma, also referred to as Pilomatrixomas or Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare benign skin tumor derived from hair follicle matrix cells, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations. Females are more commonly affected by Pilomatricoma. This condition typically manifests as a painless, firm, and slowly progressive lesion. Histopathological analysis shows characteristic findings, such as basaloid cells at the periphery and shadow cells centrally. Immunohistochemical studies assess the expression of cytokeratin's associated with hair matrix differentiation. Complete surgical excision remains the cornerstone of treatment, ensuring favorable outcomes and minimizing the risk of recurrence. Awareness of this entity among clinicians is essential for timely recognition and appropriate intervention. In this specific case‐study, we present a case of Pilomatricoma situated in the lower left orbital region of a 32‐year‐old male individual who had been noticing swelling in that vicinity over the preceding 7 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Early biopsy and multidisciplinary collaboration with imaging and physical examination are crucial for the diagnosis of such rare tumor presenations. Highlighting the importance of maintaining a broad differential for intra‐nasal lesions given the rare presentation of craniopharyngioma as nasal mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause rare odontogenic brain abscesses in immunocompetent patients, highlighting the importance of considering uncommon pathogens in central nervous system infections. With only three reported cases of cerebral abscesses and one pituitary abscess caused by this microorganism, tailored diagnostic methods and individualized treatment regimens are crucial for accurate management. Brain abscesses present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections being exceptionally rare in the central nervous system. We present a case of odontogenic brain abscesses caused by S. maltophilia in an immunocompetent patient, highlighting the rarity and complexity of such infections. A 66‐year‐old male presented with spatial–temporal disorientation and left‐sided weakness. Radiological investigations revealed an expansive lesion in the right posterior frontal region. A craniotomy and drainage were performed, identifying S. maltophilia in the purulent material. The patient responded well to tailored antibiotic therapy. S. maltophilia‐related central nervous system infections are infrequent, emphasizing the need for a heightened clinical suspicion in atypical cases. This case contributes to the literature, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for successful diagnosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes (SNs) are placed throughout a wide area and gather information from the surroundings. SN used to detect and send data consumes a lot of energy and dies instantly, which causes network overhead issues. Due to network overhead, network faults occur and do not cover a significant region for data transmission. A meta‐heuristic‐based adaptive routing for large‐scale opportunistic networks (MH‐ARO) is proposed in this work to overcome these problems. The network exploits the dragonfly approach (DA) with opportunistic routing in this protocol. The DA is based on local and global search (GS) optimization. In local search (LS), each node assigns/uses a rank for data transmission and selects the forwarder node after applying the decision level matrix in a single group. In GS, an opportunistic network has multiple groups. Each group sends optimal data to the next group. Each group assigns a relay ranking based on the forwarder node's highest rank. The BS receives critical data from the relay and increases the survival of the node. Based on LS and GS, MH‐ARO is categorized into two parts: (1) optimal forwarder opt (OFO) and (2) optimal route selection (ORS). In OFO, forwarder node selection is based on the following factors: relay ranking, node density, group ranking, residual energy, forwarder distance, and relay distance. ORS follows the adaptive routing and sends the data to BS using the best optimal route. The BS receives critical data without network failure and increases the survival of the node. The maximum active node participates in the network and consumes less energy so that a node covers a large region for communication. Comparing MH‐ARO's performance to competing routing protocols, key performance indicators such as PDR, MSR, alive node, survivability, AEC, AD, and throughput are examined. The results demonstrate that the MH‐ARO performs noticeably better than its rivals regarding energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Maxillary expansion is a fundamental interceptive orthodontic treatment, which can be achieved through either a rapid expansion protocol or functional devices. However, no data exist about the efficacy of functional devices in achieving skeletal expansion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of the rapid palatal expander (RPE) and the function‐generating bite type M (FGB‐M) on the transversal dimension of the maxilla, and on the maxillary and mandibular dental arch width. Methods: One hundred eighty‐one skeletal Class I patients, aged between 6 and 12 years and with a cervical vertebral maturation stage II or III, with maxillary transversal deficiency were retrospectively enrolled; among these 55 were treated with FGB‐M, 73 were treated with RPE and 51 were untreated subjects retrieved from historical databases. The pre‐treatment (T0) and post‐treatment (T1) frontal cephalograms were retrieved, and the maxillary and mandibular widths, and the distance between upper and lower first molars were measured. T1–T0 interval was of 17.3 months (RPE), 24.6 months (FGB‐M) and 18.2 months (controls). Results: The statistical analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the RPE and FGB‐M groups regarding skeletal and dental expansion, while the untreated control group differed significantly from the other two groups. Conclusion: The comparison between patients treated with RPE and FGB‐M showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the RPE and FGB‐M groups regarding the amount of skeletal expansion and dental arch width, suggesting that both appliances can be used to achieve similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary surgical intervention, and appropriate imaging are crucial in managing transorbital‐penetrating intracranial injuries (TOPIs), minimizing morbidity, and optimizing patient outcomes. Transorbital‐penetrating intracranial injuries (TOPIs) are rare occurrences with potential for severe neurological complications and high mortality rates. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to mitigate adverse outcomes. Understanding injury patterns and employing appropriate imaging modalities are crucial for effective surgical planning and patient care. We present a case of a 22‐year‐old male mechanic who sustained a TOPI involving bilateral frontal lobes with evisceration of the right eye following a workplace accident with a metal cutter. Upon arrival at the emergency department, the patient exhibited vision loss in the right eye, proptosis, and a dilated pupil. Imaging studies revealed the trajectory of a metal arrow through the right orbital roof, necessitating surgical intervention. A multidisciplinary team performed bifrontal craniectomy with duroplasty to remove the foreign body and address associated injuries. Postoperatively, the patient received broad‐spectrum antibiotics and anticonvulsants, leading to full recovery and discharge on postoperative day 10. TOPIs present unique challenges due to their rarity and potential for devastating consequences. Our case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis, meticulous surgical planning, and multidisciplinary collaboration in achieving favorable outcomes. Radiological imaging plays a crucial role in guiding treatment decisions and optimizing patient care. This report underscores the significance of early surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, and prophylactic measures in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with TOPIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) is a well‐established renewable energy technology. A significant challenge in CPV systems is their low efficiency, majorly due to localized heating yielded from concentration, often requiring the use of cooling systems. The accurate performance analysis and cooling system design for CPV systems require a multiphysics model. Herein, an integrated optical–thermal–electrical model is proposed for the performance evaluation of CPV systems incorporated with different configurations of microchannel heat sinks. The heat sink configuration includes 116 parallel and counter microchannels (Configuration A and B), a single wide microchannel (Configuration C), and single wide minichannel (Configuration D) heat sinks. This study involves 3D Monte‐Carlo ray tracing, finite volume method, and cell‐based electrical modeling. The results indicate that the flux profile over the absorber is highly nonuniform in nature. Furthermore, the CPV system with a Configuration C heat sink achieves a better uniformity in temperature, providing an optimized thermal performance of 64.63%. Moreover, the integrated model considers the impact of PV cell current mismatch that becomes prominent at increasing incidence angles. A maximum deviation of 6.9% in electrical power is obtained while comparing predicted numerical results against experimental results available in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of genomic technologies has led to unraveling of the complex genetic landscape of disorders of epilepsy, gaining insights into their underlying disease mechanisms, aiding precision medicine, and providing informed genetic counseling. We herein present the phenotypic and genotypic insights from 142 Indian families with epilepsy with or without comorbidities. Based on the electroclinical findings, epilepsy syndrome diagnosis could be made in 44% (63/142) of the families adopting the latest proposal for the classification by the ILAE task force (2022). Of these, 95% (60/63) of the families exhibited syndromes with developmental epileptic encephalopathy or progressive neurological deterioration. A definitive molecular diagnosis was achieved in 74 of 142 (52%) families. Infantile‐onset epilepsy was noted in 81% of these families (61/74). Fifty‐five monogenic, four chromosomal, and one imprinting disorder were identified in 74 families. The genetic variants included 65 (96%) single‐nucleotide variants/small insertion‐deletions, 1 (2%) copy‐number variant, and 1 (2%) triplet‐repeat expansion in 53 epilepsy‐associated genes causing monogenic disorders. Of these, 35 (52%) variants were novel. Therapeutic implications were noted in 51% of families (38/74) with definitive diagnosis. Forty‐one out of 66 families with monogenic disorders exhibited autosomal recessive and inherited autosomal dominant disorders with high risk of recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is a worldwide fatal disease that exists mostly among women. The deep learning technique has proven its effectiveness, but the performance of the existing deep learning systems is quite compromising. In this work, a deep transfer learning system is suggested for efficient breast cancer classification from histopathology images. This system is based on a novel multi‐level progressive feature aggregation (MPFA) and a spatial domain learning approach. The combination of a pretrained Resnet101 backbone network with MPFA is implemented to extract more significant features. In addition, a mixed‐dilated spatial domain learning network (MSLN) is further incorporated to enhance the receptive field and increase discrimination between features. The proposed method achieved superior performance as compared to the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods, offering 99.24% accuracy, a 98.79% F‐1 score, 98.59% precision, and 98.99% recall values over BreaKHis dataset. An ablation study is carried out over the ICIAR2018 dataset to verify the generalizability and effectiveness of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Scalp metastasis from atypical meningioma, though rare, underscores the importance of meticulous surgical techniques to prevent tumor cell implantation. Early detection and comprehensive management, including surgery and adjuvant therapy, are crucial for optimal outcomes. Meningiomas are tumors of the meninges that originate in the arachnoid layer from arachnoid cap cells. Atypical meningiomas, classified as WHO grade 2 tumors, tend to metastasize and recur if not surgically managed properly. Scalp metastasis is a rare occurrence that presents as a subcutaneous elevation. A 33‐year‐old patient presented with a complaint of a constant, dull pressure headache persisting for the past 12 months, exacerbated by exertion, along with seizures and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The patient had no significant medical history but had undergone surgery 4 years ago for a WHO grade 2 meningioma. The current brain MRI revealed a dural tail sign, along with masses on both the left and right sides of the frontal lobe, extending to involve the skin on the forehead and scalp. The patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. At the 12‐month follow‐up, no neurological deterioration or tumor recurrence was observed. A literature review on scalp metastasis in patients with atypical meningioma was also conducted, including eight articles published up to September 2023. The mechanism of metastasis development appears to be consistent in all eight reported cases, involving the implantation of tumor cells during resection. Therefore, there is a critical need for meticulous intra‐ and post‐operative surgical techniques to prevent such implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, two‐step process was developed for the easy access of polycyclic pyrrolopyridine derivatives. The first step involves a multicomponent reaction of aryl glyoxal, cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione derivatives and 2‐amino‐1,4‐napthoquinone in AcOH: H2O (1 : 1 v/v) under reflux conditions which led to the formation of 1,5‐diketones in 15 min of reaction time. In the second step, the reaction of ammonium acetate with 1,5‐diketones in AcOH under reflux conditions resulted the formation of polycyclic pyrrolopyridine derivatives. All the products were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The single crystal XRD of one compound was recorded to further confirm the structure of the product. The presence of several bioactive moieties in our product, simple reaction process, metal‐free reaction conditions, easy purification method, and good yields of the products are the notable features of this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Notifying blood donors of their reactive status for transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) plays a vital role in enabling early diagnosis and management while also preventing these donors from making future donation and transmission of the infectious agent. Given the limited data on donor notification processes in India, a narrative review was conducted to assess the existing notification process and identify areas requiring enhancement. Materials and Methods: We conducted literature searches using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, employing various keywords. The review included data on the year of the study, study design, donor numbers, TTI screening methods, sero‐reactive donor confirmation, notification frequency and methods, donor responses, post‐test counselling and risk factor assessment. Results: Out of the 29 identified articles, 16 studies were included in the analysis. Repeat testing for initially reactive results was conducted in nine studies for 24.3% reactive donors. Phone calls were the primary notification method in most studies (8; 50%), with letters sent in cases of no response. Only 12 studies provided data on notified donors, revealing a notification rate of 71.2%. Of all initially reactive donors, 33.3% sought post‐test counselling. Data from six studies indicated that 74.3% of responsive donors had identifiable TTI risk factors. Conclusion: Our review revealed significant variability in the notification processes across different studies. To enhance the management of TTI‐reactive donor notifications and responses, we recommend the establishment of universal protocols encompassing pre‐donation counselling, repeat/confirmatory testing, notification methods and comprehensive follow‐up and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Successful management of cervical tuberculosis and severe kyphosis was achieved using a PEEK expandable cage and titanium plate, demonstrating favorable outcomes in restoring cervical alignment and stability. This approach represents a promising alternative for addressing complex cervical pathologies, highlighting the potential of PEEK‐based interventions in surgical management. Cervical tuberculosis can lead to severe vertebral destruction and kyphosis, posing challenges in surgical management. Recent advancements, including the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) expandable cages and titanium plates, show promise in addressing multilevel cervical pathologies. This report details the successful treatment of a 27‐year‐old male with cervical tuberculosis and severe kyphosis. Surgical intervention involved prevertebral abscess evacuation, C5‐C7 corpectomy, and insertion of a PEEK expandable cage with an anterior titanium plate. Postoperative care included a Philadelphia collar, and follow‐up demonstrated restored cervical alignment and stability. The use of PEEK‐based surgical interventions, as demonstrated in this case, represents a significant evolution in managing complex cervical conditions. The successful outcome highlights the potential benefits of PEEK expandable cages in addressing cervical tuberculosis and kyphosis. Further research is needed to validate these findings and establish PEEK‐based interventions as a viable alternative in such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Meningiomas present diverse clinical and radiological characteristics, with cystic formations constituting a lesser subset but posing significant diagnostic hurdles. We explore the complexities of cystic meningiomas through a distinctive case, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management due to their variable presentations. A 54‐year‐old female from Bengaluru, Karnataka, initially presented with transient memory disturbances. Brain MRI revealed a sizable left frontal cystic lesion exerting a mass effect and midline shift. However, rapid neurological decline led to an urgent surgical intervention via decompressive craniectomy unveiling unique intraoperative findings and with subsequent histopathological documentation of a Grade WHO 1 cystic meningioma. Cystic meningiomas present intricate diagnostic challenges resembling other intracranial lesions. Various classification systems attempt to categorize these tumors based on their imaging and histopathological characteristics. Despite this, atypical clinical manifestations often lead to misdiagnoses, necessitating a comprehensive approach to differential diagnosis. Further research is crucial to unravel the mechanisms underlying these tumors' cystic changes for improved diagnostic accuracy and tailored therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Osteoblastoma of the frontal sinus, although rare, can manifest with seizures and pneumocephalus, underscoring the importance of thorough evaluation and complete surgical excision to prevent serious complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. Osteoblastoma is an infrequent bone tumor, with origins typically in the vertebrae and long bones. While craniofacial involvement is rare, it may occur in regions such as the paranasal sinuses. We present a case of osteoblastoma located in the frontal sinus, an exceptionally uncommon site, resulting in seizures secondary to pneumocephalus. A 21‐year‐old male presented with a generalized tonic–clonic seizure and postictal confusion. Imaging studies revealed a well‐defined lesion in the left frontal sinus causing cortical breach, destruction of the posterior wall, and pneumocephalus. A total surgical excision was performed through bifrontal craniotomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of osteoblastoma. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with a follow‐up CT scan showing complete lesion excision. Osteoblastomas, especially in the cranial sinuses, are rare entities that may present asymptomatically but can lead to severe complications. The risk of recurrence underscores the importance of complete surgical resection for optimal patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of tipping is omnipresent in the tourism and hospitality sector. Although, consumer's tipping behavior has been studied from myriad perspectives, it is surprising that extant research has not yet explored how consumers' in different power states can be nudged to tip more. With the help of five studies in the lab and field, the results demonstrate that a low‐power state is conducive for generating a higher tip if consumers' focus is on others due to enhanced empathy. Furthermore, as per the compensatory consumption model, powerless consumers desire power, so they are more likely to tip higher than powerful people when tipping is associated with status. Lastly, powerful consumers' propensity to tip higher is initiated when the expectations that others hold from them are made salient. Implementing these findings can maximize business' tipping revenue from both the powerful and the powerless consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporation of redox nature at the electrode‐electrolyte interface is of the current research approach for enhancing the specific capacity as well the energy density of the carbon supercapacitor. In the present studies, symmetric carbon supercapacitor cells are fabricated by using gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with and without addition of redox‐additive (MB) and activated carbon (AC) extracted from natural bio‐waste honeycomb (HCAC). The redox‐additive polymeric electrolyte offers high room temperature ionic conductivity (σRT ~ 2.3 × 10−3 S cm−1) and electrochemical stability window of ~1.4 V on the addition of 0.1 g of MB. The HC‐based activated carbon (HCAC) offers high surface area ~ 586 m2 g−1 and dominant meso‐porosity. The performance optimization of the supercapacitor cells are examined by using cyclic voltammetry, charge‐discharge (CD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The supercapacitor with redox‐additive GPE shows the electric double layer features along with faradaic reaction at the electrode‐electrolyte interface, which offers high capacitance ~114 F g−1 and specific energy ~7.76 Wh kg−1 at a power density 0.49 kW kg−1, which is almost ~2.5 times higher than the supercapacitor cell without redox‐additive GPE. Furthermore, the supercapacitor cell with 0.1 g MB redox‐additive based electrolyte shows almost stable capacitance up to 10 000 CD cycles with ~36% initial fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vasovagal reaction (VVR) is a frequently encountered generalised donor adverse reaction, associated with donor deterrence towards future donation. Several mitigation strategies for prevention of VVR were tried but still not standardised. This quadri‐armed randomised study evaluated the utility of water ingestion, applied muscle tension (AMT) and combination of both in preventing the VVR among blood donors. Methods: A quadri‐armed randomised controlled trial was performed on 4320 whole blood donors. Blood donors of 18–65 years of age were randomised into four groups based on the interventions performed i.e., control with no intervention (Group 1, n = 1081), water ingestion (Group 2, n = 1082), AMT (Group 3, n = 1070) and combined intervention (Group 4, n = 1087). VVR during and immediately after blood donation were observed along with assessment of risk factors in blood donors and the effectiveness of interventions were analysed. Results: The incidence of VVR observed 1.6% in our study, with the highest occurrence in the control group (2.5%) and the lowest in the combined intervention group (0.9%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the control group donors faced a 1.38‐fold greater risk of VVR compared to those receiving interventions (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10–1.75). Other risk factors included younger age (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.05–2.17), first‐time donation (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.66–5.74), prior history of VVR (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 10.4–101.52). Discussion/Conclusion: The combined approach of water ingestion and AMT proved significantly more effective in VVR prevention compared to individual interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Schwannomas are rare tumors in the orbit, typically originating from various nerves and presenting diagnostic challenges. We present a unique case of a unilateral orbital schwannoma arising from the supraorbital nerve. A 55‐year‐old female presented with a painless, slowly growing mass in the right superior orbit, causing proptosis. Visual acuity remained unimpaired, and clinical examination revealed a well‐defined mass in the superior orbit. A provisional diagnosis of an orbital dermoid or cyst was made, leading to excision biopsy. The histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of benign schwannoma. Schwannomas in the orbit, particularly those arising from the supraorbital nerve, are uncommon and often challenging to diagnose. Early surgical intervention is crucial to prevent complications associated with tumor growth. This case underscores the need to consider schwannomas as a differential diagnosis for slow‐growing orbital masses in adults and emphasizes the importance of timely management to prevent vision‐threatening complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petrochronology of monazite in volcanic rocks of the Hutti deposit in the Eastern Dharwar Craton (India) has been studied to understand the magmatic and hydrothermal events that have affected the area. The volcanic rocks occurring in the Hutti greenstone belt are bimodal in nature and contain both felsic and metabasalt. The felsic volcanic rocks in the area preserve accessory minerals like monazite, allanite, and apatite, whereas the same is absent in metabasalts. Petrographic observation of felsic volcanic rock shows corona growth of allanite and apatite (in addition to huttonite) clustering around monazite grains. This corona texture, termed allanite cluster, occurs parallel to the shear planes (C‐plane) of the felsic volcanic rock and characterizes late‐stage hydrothermal activity in the area. Texturally, monazite in the felsic volcanic rock occurs included within arsenopyrite (<1 μm), and in association with apatite, allanite, and occasionally with huttonite/thorite (~10–40 μm), in which monazite grains preserve geochemical heterogeneity in both intra‐ and inter‐grains. The U–Th–PbTotal dating of monazite associated with the allanite cluster shows two age peaks (both from intra‐ and inter‐grains) at 2658 ± 17 Ma (older) and 2534 ± 38 Ma (younger), in which the older age represents the magmatic/crystallization age of the studied felsic volcanic rock overprinted by a later hydrothermal event in the study area. Based on monazite geochemistry‐geochronology, the present study deduces two texturally constrained events related to the primary crystallization of monazite (~2.65 Ga) and subsequent alteration of the same during a later hydrothermal event (ca. 2.53 Ga) that has affected the felsic volcanic rock in the Hutti gold deposit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power system stability relies heavily on load frequency control (LFC) because it ensures that the power generated in a grid matches the load demand. The conventional LFC methods are no longer adequate with the rising use of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. These resources are intermittent, and their power output varies depending on weather conditions. As a result, incorporating renewable energy resources (RERs) into the LFC system necessitates a different approach. One method is to use advanced control algorithms that can respond quickly to changes in power output. Hence, this article proposes an autoencoder‐based jellyfish optimization developed in this framework to reduce the power outage and control voltage and frequency fluctuations. The LFC system can be optimized by combining autoencoder and jellyfish optimization techniques to effectively handle the variability and unpredictability of RERs while maintaining the power system's stability and reliability. This approach may also result in more efficient and cost‐effective power system operation by reducing the need for conventional power generation and minimizing the impact of RERs on the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda is considered to be one of the most ancient forms of medicine still practiced. The Ayurvedic preparation Raudra Rasa and its derivatives have been widely employed against cancer since the 12th century, but the effect of these traditional formulations on platelet function and signaling has not previously been examined. Here we demonstrate that Raudra Rasa and its derivatives significantly reduce thrombin‐induced integrin activation and granule secretion in platelets, as observed by reduced PAC‐1 binding and P‐selectin externalization, respectively. These formulations also inhibited thrombin‐stimulated phosphatidylserine exposure, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in platelets. Consistent with the above, Raudra Rasa significantly reduced thrombin‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the platelet proteins, as well as phosphorylation of the enzymes AKT and GSK‐3β. In summary, Raudra Rasa inhibits agonist‐mediated platelet activation without affecting cell viability, suggesting it may have therapeutic potential as an anti‐platelet/anti‐thrombotic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Ependymomas are primary brain tumors that predominantly affect individuals between 0 and 4 years of age. Although ependymomas have a propensity for recurrence and the potential to spread within the central nervous system through cerebrospinal fluid (resulting in drop metastases), reports of extra‐neural metastatic localizations are exceedingly rare in the existing literature. This case report presents a unique and rare instance of recurrent intracranial anaplastic ependymoma with a late‐onset giant scalp metastasis. A 55‐year‐old male patient with a medical history of partial resection of an atypical supratentorial left temporal ependymoma presented with a recurrent anaplastic ependymoma, which had been managed with surgery and radiotherapy. After a 4‐year follow‐up, the patient developed a subcutaneous mass in the left parietal region of the scalp. A multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons performed a surgical procedure, which included en bloc removal of the scalp lesion, resection of 1 cm of unaffected skin, and craniotomy to address an osteolytic area in the parietal skull bone. Skin autografts were used for reconstruction. Histological examination confirmed metastasis of anaplastic ependymoma in the scalp. After a delay in starting chemotherapy due to concerns related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the patient eventually initiated chemotherapy, leading to disease stability at a short‐term follow‐up. Scalp metastases from ependymoma are rarely reported in the literature. Management of such cases necessitates aggressive surgical resection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure effective and targeted therapy, with a focus on preserving aesthetics, particularly in pediatric cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Remote intracerebral hemorrhage (RICH) is a rare yet highly consequential complication that can occur after a craniotomy performed for the evacuation of an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this case report, we present the clinical details of a 74‐year‐old female patient who underwent a supratentorial craniotomy to address an ICH, and subsequently developed RICH. A 74‐year‐old woman was admitted to our department with a severe headache, onset of dysarthria, and left‐sided brachio‐crural hemiparesis. The patient had a history of arterial hypertension and a previous cerebral ischemia incident 2 years prior, potentially due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Despite the immediate surgical intervention and intensive care, she succumbed to respiratory distress after developing a contralateral ICH. RICH following craniotomy for an intracerebral hematoma is a rare but potentially devastating complication. Close monitoring, prompt recognition of neurological deterioration, and timely intervention are imperative to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors associated with this complication, allowing for improved prevention and management strategies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous peoples globally are at increased risk of COVID‐19‐associated morbidity and mortality. However, data that describe immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Indigenous populations are lacking. We evaluated immune responses in Australian First Nations peoples hospitalized with COVID‐19. Our work comprehensively mapped out inflammatory, humoral and adaptive immune responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients were recruited early following the lifting of strict public health measures in the Northern Territory, Australia, between November 2021 and May 2022. Australian First Nations peoples recovering from COVID‐19 showed increased levels of MCP‐1 and IL‐8 cytokines, IgG‐antibodies against Delta‐RBD and memory SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cell responses prior to hospital discharge in comparison with hospital admission, with resolution of hyperactivated HLA‐DR+CD38+ T cells. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection elicited coordinated ASC, Tfh and CD8+ T cell responses in concert with CD4+ T cell responses. Delta and Omicron RBD‐IgG, as well as Ancestral N‐IgG antibodies, strongly correlated with Ancestral RBD‐IgG antibodies and Spike‐specific memory B cells. We provide evidence of broad and robust immune responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Indigenous peoples, resembling those of non‐Indigenous COVID‐19 hospitalized patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Mn(I) complexes Mn(L1)(CO)3Br, Mn(L2)(CO)3Br, Mn(L1)(CO)3(OAc) and Mn(L3)(CO)3Br [L1=2‐(5‐tert‐butyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine, L2=2‐(5‐tert‐butyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine, L3=2‐(5‐tert‐butyl‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine] were synthesized and fully characterized. The acid‐base equilibrium between the pyrazole and the pyrazolato forms of Mn(L1)(CO)3Br was studied by 1H NMR and UV‐vis spectra. These complexes are screened as catalysts for acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) of primary alcohols and aromatic diamines for the synthesis of benzimidazole and quinoline derivatives with the release of H2 and H2O as byproducts. The protic complex Mn(L1)(CO)3Br shows the highest catalytic activity for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives with broad substrate scope, whereas a related complex [Mn(L3)(CO)3Br], which is devoid of the proton responsive β‐NH unit, shows significantly reduced catalytic efficiency validating the crucial role of the β‐NH functionality for the alcohol dehydrogenation reactions. Control experiments, kinetic and deuterated studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a synchronous hydride‐proton transfer by the metal‐ligand construct in the alcohol dehydrogenation step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare illness. It is characterized by different presentations like encephalopathy, seizures, hemiplegia, and visual symptoms. We present a patient who presented seizures and encephalopathy. Brain MRI showed symmetrical white and gray matter lesions. He was treated with acyclovir for viral encephalitis and given immunotherapy for ADEM. The radiological findings may be inconclusive in some cases, hence differential diagnosis of both viral encephalitis and ADEM needs to be considered. Early immunotherapy is required in such fulminant cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we have developed a simple synthetic approach towards synthesis of [5/6/5] and [5/5/5] fused carbocyclic frameworks from bis‐adducts of norbornadiene and cyclohexadiene derivatives with 1,2,3,4‐tetrachloro‐5,5‐dimethoxycyclopentadiene by employing atom‐economic ring‐rearrangement metathesis as a key step and these ring systems are core units in natural products. Here, we have designed highly congested polycyclic frameworks and introduced molecular complexity in a minimum number of steps. These targets contain up to seven stereo centres. Hence, this strategy can be used to design many different drug‐like molecules valuable in medicinal chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linear Regression (LR), as one of the essential Machine Learning (ML) models, incurs massive data crunching during the training phase based on many data points. Considering the computationally intensive nature in the LR models, an optimized dedicated hardware IP core design can be very effective. This paper proposes the following novelties: (a) an optimized hardware IP core design of linear regression‐based machine learning model using high‐level synthesis (HLS). More specifically, independent application specific datapath architectures of hardware IP for computing optimal bias and intercepts and cost function in LR‐ML are presented here; (b) an optimized hardware IP core design of LR based ML model by deducing dependency graph from its corresponding mathematical foundation; (c) register transfer level (RTL) design, using HLS, of the optimized LR based ML hardware IP core for computing cost function; (d) linear regression IP core design using multi‐layered tree‐height transformation (THT) and swarm intelligence based architectural exploration for optimized HLS design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: von Hippel–Lindau syndrome (VHL) is an autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome with an increased predisposition of developing numerous cysts and tumors, almost exclusively clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Considering the lifelong surveillance in such patients to monitor the disease, patients with VHL are preferentially imaged using MRI to eliminate radiation exposure. Purpose: Segmentation of kidney and tumor structures on MRI in VHL patients is useful in lesion characterization (e.g., cyst vs. tumor), volumetric lesion analysis, and tumor growth prediction. However, automated tasks such as ccRCC segmentation on MRI is sparsely studied. We develop segmentation methodology for ccRCC on T1 weighted precontrast, corticomedullary, nephrogenic, and excretory contrast phase MRI. Methods: We applied a new neural network approache using a novel differentiable decision forest, called hinge forest (HF), to segment kidney parenchyma, cyst, and ccRCC tumors in 117 images from 115 patients. This data set represented an unprecedented 504 ccRCCs with 1171 cystic lesions obtained at five different MRI scanners. The HF architecture was compared with U‐Net on 10 randomized splits with 75% used for training and 25% used for testing. Both methods were trained with Adam using default parameters (α=0.001,β1=0.9,β2=0.999$\alpha = 0.001,\ \beta _1 = 0.9,\ \beta _2 = 0.999$) over 1000 epochs. We further demonstrated some interpretability of our HF method by exploiting decision tree structure. Results: The HF achieved an average kidney, cyst, and tumor Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.75 ± 0.03, 0.44 ± 0.05, 0.53 ± 0.04, respectively, while U‐Net achieved an average kidney, cyst, and tumor DSC of 0.78 ± 0.02, 0.41 ± 0.04, 0.46 ± 0.05, respectively. The HF significantly outperformed U‐Net on tumors while U‐Net significantly outperformed HF when segmenting kidney parenchymas (α<0.01$\alpha < 0.01$). Conclusions: For the task of ccRCC segmentation, the HF can offer better segmentation performance compared to the traditional U‐Net architecture. The leaf maps can glean hints about deep learning features that might prove to be useful in other automated tasks such as tumor characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the assessment of solar resources, investigation of performance, and estimation of normalized performance indices of a 1 kWp Solar PV system in India's climatology of an isolated hilly area. The monthly and yearly mean normalized performance indices are estimated. The annual mean values of the daylight hours, cell temperature, and ambient temperature are 12.7 h/d, 10.89°C, and 1.25°C, respectively. The yearly mean values and corresponding ranges of monthly mean values of capacity factor, performance ratio, array yield, reference yield, final yield, array capture loss and system loss are obtained as 23.60%, 59.82%, 2.83 h/d, 4.63 h/d, 2.69 h/d, 1.8 h/d, 0.14 h/d and (17.56–29.07)%, (47.93–75.55)%, (2.24–3.42) h/d, (2.85–6.1) h/d, (2.13–3.25) h/d, (0.60–2.99) h/d and (0.11–0.17) h/d, respectively. The Levelized Cost of energy is reduced to 85% and 68.22% by using the proposed solar PV/ battery system compared to DG and DG/Battery systems. A saving of 14.8 kl of diesel and the corresponding reduction of emissions of carbon monoxide (244.22 kilograms), unburned hydrocarbons (10.66 kg), particulates (1.48 kg), and nitrogen Oxides (229.42 kg) have also been achieved per year. These findings effectively provide optimal power solution strategies for policymakers in the concerned area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: A critical appraisal of the literature helps to assess the strength and weakness of the research and suggests ways to improve future research. Our aim was to critically appraise the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies conducted in India for blood donation. Materials and Methods: Of 70 articles identified in our search on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, 32 were assessed for quality using an appraisal tool for cross‐sectional studies (AXIS) and questionnaire items. Results: Quality assessment revealed that only 6 of 32 studies had acceptable reporting (≥80% score on the AXIS tool). The most frequently identified shortcomings were failure to address the non‐responders, lack of justification for sample size, assessment of outcome variables and demographic results for the survey. Our evaluation of questionnaires revealed that knowledge for need for blood donation, its benefits and site/place for blood donation were assessed by very few studies. With this, issues such as parental/family consent, religious beliefs, and indifference to blood donation process were amongst the common reasons for non‐donation. Many studies also failed to ask questions related to procedural information/instructions, which are necessary for promoting voluntary blood donations. Conclusion: Most published KAP studies for blood donation in India were not appropriately described, especially the methodology and result section. These deficiencies could have led to suboptimal interpretation of the prevalent issues. Use of an open‐ended and validated KAP questionnaire with a problem‐based approach and inclusion of participants from various socio‐cultural backgrounds is required for good quality of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) schwannomas are rare tumors, showing direct involvement of the atlanto‐occipital and atlanto‐axial joints. Microsurgical removal is the standard of care to improve symptoms and local control, but stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an option. Both, surgery, and SRS, may show risks of severe complications. A 41‐year‐old male was referred to our department after incidental finding of a right‐sided C1 tumor. A CT angiogram with 3D reconstructions showed the close relationship between the tumor and the right vertebral artery (VA). A post‐contrast enhancement MRI revealed the presence of an extradural mass, sited at the level of the CVJ, mainly at the level of the right articular mass of C1. After multidisciplinary assessment, involving the gamma‐knife and neurosurgical teams, we performed a microsurgical resection of the tumor. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. At 1 year follow‐up the patient is stable, with no recurrence of the tumor. CVJ schwannoma's current standard of care is surgical resection, but longitudinal studies are required, and should promoted promptly since the recent introduction of the new version of GKSRS that allow the treatment of CVJ's lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fragment reattachment is the recommended treatment modality in uncomplicated crown fractures. There is a paucity of literature regarding the mechanisms responsible for increased resistance to fracture after fragment rehydration in such cases. Hence, the aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to decipher the microscopic changes in the penetration characteristics of resin in tooth fragments after different rehydration protocols. Material and Methods: Sixty bovine incisors free of structural deformities were fractured as per a standard protocol and the fragments were stored in saline at 4°C. They were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 20)—Group 1: negative‐control, no‐rehydration, Group 2: rehydration by immersion in distilled water for 15 min, Group 3: rehydration by humidification for 15 min. They were subjected to the "experimental bonding protocol" using an eighth‐generation bonding agent mixed with rhodamine‐B dye. The samples were subjected to decalcification and sectioned into cubical blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm3). They were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned by an ultramicrotome and evaluated by using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The depths and width of the resin tags were assessed by image analysis software, and the number of tags was counted manually by blinded evaluators. Statistical analysis was done with Stata‐14. Results: The depth of penetration of the resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (927.81 ± 280.38 μm) followed by Group 3 (902.03 ± 371.85 μm) and Group 1 (287.74 ± 124.80 μm). Similarly, the width of the penetrated resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (58.29 ± 21.15), followed by Group 3 (35.53 ± 22.15) and Group 1 (23.89 ± 6.88). The number of resin tags in the majority of the samples in Group 1 had less than 25 tags (65%), whereas there were more than 25 tags in Group 2 (70%) and Group 3 (75%). These differences were statistically significant (p <.05). Conclusion: The resin penetration, as observed by the number of tags and their depth and width, was significantly affected by the rehydration of the fragments. The fragments rehydrated in the distilled water had greater penetration of resin tags than those rehydrated in a humidification chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Internet of recent decades considered cloud computing as the most effective and distributed platform. It is a comfortable and quick way to access shared resources over the Internet anytime. The major problem cloud customers face while choosing the resources for a particular application is QoS. In the cloud computing environment, various resources need to be effectively allocated on VMs by reducing makespan and synchronously increasing resource utilization. For that, a novel multi‐objective hybrid capuchin search with genetic algorithm (MHCSGA) based hierarchical resource allocation is established in this work. MHCSGA optimizes the multi‐objective functions like resource utilization, response time, makespan, execution time and throughput. Initially, partitioning around the K‐medoids clustering method is utilized to allocate the resources optimally. During clustering, the tasks are divided into two cluster groups then, the optimization is performed to attain an optimal resource allocation process. The experimental setup is executed using the JAVA tool. For the simulation process, the proposed work uses the GWA‐T‐12 Bitbrains dataset. The makespan achieved by proposed algorithm for 50, 100, 150, and 200 tasks are found to be 10.45, 17.6, 25.67, and 31.34, respectively. The comparison analysis proves that the developed model attains improved performance than the state‐of‐the‐art works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]