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Yupingfeng granules (YPFG) is commonly used in the treatment of immunological diseases, inflammations, and pulmonary diseases. Several studies have found that chromones, flavones, and saponins were the major bioactive compounds of YPFG. However, few studies have reported accurate quantification methods of these compounds. This study aimed to establish a simple and rapid method by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to determine 15 bioactive compounds in YPFG. The experimental parameters including extraction methods, extraction solvents, extraction time, solid–liquid ratio, and LC–MS/MS condition were optimized. The linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery of the established method were evaluated. The contents of 15 bioactive compounds in seven batches of YPFG samples were analyzed by the established method and the results were compared with the values determined by HPLC. The optimal extraction condition was to extract 0.1 g of YPFG by ultrasound with 50 mL 50% ethanol for 30 min. A Waters ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18 column using the 0.1% formic acid water solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase with a gradient elution was applied to the chromatographic separation. The linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery of the method were within acceptable ranges. Compared with HPLC analysis methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literature, the established method was faster, simpler, more accurate, and more reliable. The method of simultaneous determination of 15 components in YPFG by LC–MS might provide a basis for the study of the bioactive compounds and the improvement of the quality standard of YPFG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) causes severe wheat viral disease in Asia. However, the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) encoded by WYMV has not been identified. Here, the P1 protein encoded by WYMV RNA2 was shown to suppress RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mutagenesis assays revealed that the alanine substitution mutant G175A of P1 abolished VSR activity and mutant Y10A VSR activity remained only in younger leaves. P1, but not G175A, interacted with gene silencing‐related protein, N. benthamiana calmodulin‐like protein (NbCaM), and calmodulin‐binding transcription activator 3 (NbCAMTA3), and Y10A interacted with NbCAMTA3 only. Competitive Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays showed that the ability of P1 disturbing the interaction between NbCaM and NbCAMTA3 was stronger than Y10A, Y10A was stronger than G175A. In vitro transcript inoculation of infectious WYMV clones further demonstrated that VSR‐defective mutants G175A and Y10A reduced WYMV infection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), G175A had a more significant effect on virus accumulation in upper leaves of wheat than Y10A. Moreover, RNA silencing, temperature, and autophagy have significant effects on the accumulation of P1 in N. benthamiana. Taken together, WYMV P1 acts as VSR by interfering with calmodulin‐associated antiviral RNAi defense to facilitate virus infection in wheat, which has provided clear insights into the function of P1 in the process of WYMV infection. Significance Statement: This study reveals that the wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) P1 acts as VSR by interfering with calmodulin‐associated antiviral RNAi defense and facilitates virus infection in wheat. Results of our research provide clear insights and solutions for further understanding the role of P1 in process of WYMV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the implant orientation, especially the combined anteversion measurements in total hip arthroplasty (THA) using lateral approach, and to compare with implant orientation using posterior‐lateral (P‐L) approach. The secondary goal was to identify the factors associated with implant orientation. Methods: Five hundred and one patients (545 hips) who underwent primary THA with the modified Hardinge approach between January 2016 and November 2019 by one senior surgeon in our department in a retrospective study were followed up. A survey to inquire about the history of dislocation of the hip after THA was designed and responses were gathered by telephone, WeChat software, and outpatient follow‐up. The mean age of the patients was 61.97 ± 11.72 years, and there were 254 males and 247 females. The average follow‐up time was 25.2 ± 13.7 months (range, 3.2–49.7 months). Among the patients who were followed up, 97 patients (104 hips) underwent computed tomography (CT) scans from L4 to the tuberosity of the tibia. The implant orientation, including the anteversion and inclination of the cup, anteversion of the stem, combined anteversion, and pelvic tilt were measured based on CT scans of these patients. The results were compared with the implant orientation reported in previous reports measured by CT. Factors that may be associated with implant orientation were investigated, including the patient's age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and diagnosis; size of the cup; diameter of the femoral head component; and pelvic tilt. Data and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: No cases of dislocation were found in the 501 patients (545 hips) who underwent primary THA during this period. The mean inclination and anteversion of the cups were 38.83° ± 5.04° (24.5°–53.1°) and 9.26° ± 11.19° (−15°–48°), respectively. The mean anteversion of the stem was 13.83° ± 10.7° (−10.2°–42.3°). The combined anteversion was 23.1° ± 13.4° (−7.4°–54.6°). Compared with the reported combined anteversion and anteversion of the cup, the mean anteversion of the cup and combined anteversion using the lateral approach were much lower than the reported values in the literature using the P‐L approach. Pelvic tilt was found to be the only independent factor for cup anteversion. Factors including age, sex, BMI, diagnosis, cup size, and diameter of the femoral head component were not associated with implant orientation. Conclusion: THA using the lateral approach yields smaller cup anteversion and combined anteversion values than using the P‐L approach. Pelvic tilt is the only predictor for cup anteversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-pot synthesis of tetrasubstituted acrylaldehydes via difunctionalization of aryl propynyl ethers has been achieved, which involves a trifluoromethylthiolation process and a radical 1,4-aryl migration from oxygen to carbon. The reaction shows excellent conversion of aryl propynyl ethers into trifluoromethyl-containing α,β-unsaturated aldehydes through a radical pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium and its alloys are playing an increasingly important role in the transportation industry due to the pressing demand of lightweight structures to improve fuel efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. But the shortcomings of poor room temperature (RT) formability and high temperature strength, tension-compression asymmetry, and anisotropy are among the major issues which are currently limiting their widespread applications. Recently, research and development activities of Mg-Zn-Y series alloys have significantly increased because of their superior mechanical properties arising from the formation of different ternary phases known as I (Mg3YZn6), W (Mg3Y2Zn3), and LPSO (Mg12YZn). In this review article, the crystal structure of these phases and their orientation relationships with hexagonal magnesium matrix are discussed. Recent advances about I, W, and LPSO phase containing Mg alloys are presented, along with the effects of these phases on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties including tensile, compressive, fatigue, and creep resistance. Important aspects involving thermal stability, phase transformation, and influence of heat treatment are also described. Based on the current status, some existing issues are pointed out and further studies are suggested so as to warrant safe and reliable lightweight structural applications of Mg-Zn-Y alloys in the automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) nanometal films serving as current collectors have attracted much interest recently owing to their promising application in high-performance supercapacitors. In the process of the electrochemical reaction, the 3D structure can provide a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometal may serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. In this work, a novel polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D-Ni-core composite is developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of conventional PPy. With the introduction of a Ni metal core, the as-prepared material exhibits a high specific capacitance (726 F g−1 at a charge/discharge rate of 1 A g−1), good rate capability (a decay of 33 % in Csp with charge/discharge rates increasing from 1 to 20 A g−1), and high cycle stability (only a small decrease of 4.2 % in Csp after 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1). Furthermore, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated by using the as-prepared composite as electrodes; the device demonstrates a high energy density (≈21.2 Wh kg−1) and superior long-term cycle ability (only 4.4 % and 18.6 % loss in Csp after 2000 and 5000 cycles, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without extra addition of sulfinate salt, allylic sulfones were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodide with N-tosylhydrazone. In this transformation, not only the diazo compound but also the sulfinate salt, which were both generated in situ from base-mediated decomposition of the N-tosylhydrazone, was used as nucleophilic partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new stilbenes with two isoprenoid groups, namely artostilbenes A (compound 1) and B (compound 2), were isolated from the stems of Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham. by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated as ( E)-4-[2-(7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2 H-1-benzopyran-5-yl)vinyl]benzene-1, 2-diol (compound 1) and ( Z)-4-[2-(7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2 H-1-benzopyran-5-yl)vinyl]benzene-1,2-diol (compound 2) by spectroscopic methods, mainly by 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 are two cis- and trans-isomers and compound 2 is the first cis-stilbene isolated from Moraceous plants. (Handling editor: Jian-Min Yue) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, rapid and reliable high-performance capillary electrophoresis method has been developed to determine quantitatively the alkaloid content of Sophora tonkinensis, a Chinese herb commonly known as shan-dou-gen. A total of seven quinolizidine alkaloids (cytisine, sophocarpine, matrine, lehmannine, sophoranol, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine) could be readily separated within 15 min. The running buffer was 50 m M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 1% hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin and 3.3% isopropanol in water. The applied voltage was 25 kV, the capillary temperature was 25°C, the detection wavelength was 200 nm and scopolamine butylbromide was used as internal standard. The method was used to analyse the chemical constituents of two commercial alternatives to shan-dou-gen. The alkaloid constituents of authentic shan-dou-gen gave a specific HPCE electropherogram that could be used to distinguish the drug from potential substitutes. Furthermore, the content of oxymatrine and the total content of the seven quinolizidine alkaloids could be used as quantitative markers in order to assess the quality of S. tonkinensis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "A Metal-Free Transformation of Alkynes to Carbonyls Directed by Remote OH Group" by D.Q. Chen and colleagues, published in the Applied Organometallic Chemistry journal in 2016.

The title compounds are obtained from unprotected homopropargylic alcohols with high regioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polypyrrole (PPy) shell@3D ‐ Ni core electrode exhibits large specific capacitance, excellent rate capability, and high cycle stability for supercapacitor applications. The novel 3D shell@core structure provides a short diffusion path for fast ion transport, and the highly conductive nanometals serve as a backbone for facile electron transfer. For more details, see the Full Paper by S. ‐ Z. Qiao and Z. ‐ Q. Liu et al. on page 4614 ff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the crystallization of the title compound, 4C(3)H(5)N(2) (+)·C(4)H(12)N(2) (+)·2C(9)H(3)O(6) (3-)·2H(2)O, the acidic protons were transferred to the imidazole and piperazine N atoms, forming the final 4:1:2:2 hydrated mixed salt. The mean planes of the three carboxyl-ate groups in the anion are twisted with respect to the the central benzene ring, making dihedral angles of 13.5 (1), 14.5 (1) and 16.9 (1)°. In the crystal, the component ions are linked into a three-dimensional network by a combination of inter-molecular N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Further stabilization is provided by π-π stacking inter-actions with centroid-centroid distances of 3.393 (2) Å and weak C=O⋯π inter-actions [O-centroid = 3.363 (2) Å].

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(10)O(2), was originally determined by Rajan [Acta Cryst. (1978). B34, 998-1000] using intensity data estimated from Weissenberg films. This redetermination provides a structure with significantly improved precision with respect to the geometric parameters. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional sheet lying parallel to (100).