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Due largely to the high stability and the potential ozone‐depleting, the transformation of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide has gained much attentions. In present paper, a new insight into the deoxygenation of nitrous oxide with silane was reported by using oriented external electric field (OEEF) as a catalytic strategy. When the OEEF was employed, the reaction barrier of deoxygenation was marvelously decreased as it was oriented along the positive NO/OSi bond‐axis. Especially the field strength is 300 × 10−4 a.u., the differences are up to 22.4/18.3 kcal mol−1 as compared with that of nonfield. In addition, once the H atom in SiH4 was replaced by methyl, two reaction modes were obtained, in which the deoxygenation process was easier when the N2O captured the H atom attached to the Si atom, not attached to the C atom. Further, the solvent effects of deoxygenation reaction were also considered, but with a weak influence were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have been shown to improve progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in randomized control trials. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CDK4/6i in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) in a clinical setting. Methods: Consecutive patients with ABC were treated between October 2019 and March 2023 at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taiwan. Patients who had received at least one dose of CDK4/6i were included in this retrospective study. The main outcome of this study was efficacy based on the treating physicians' assessments in terms of PFS, and overall survival (OS), as well as the factors associated with patient outcome. The secondary outcome was safety. Results: A total of 85 patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 66.8 years. After a median follow‐up of 16.1 months, the median PFS was 28.4 months (95% CI: 22.5–33.6) and the median OS could not yet be estimated. The most common adverse events (AE) were fatigue (50.8%), anorexia (45.9%), and leukopenia (44.7%). In multivariable analysis, treatment with CDK4/6i with any grade AE or response to treatment effect (CR/PR) was an independent predictor for longer PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.68; HR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.67; p < 0.05). Conclusion: CDK4/6i administered in a real‐world setting exhibits a similar survival benefit with the clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Synaptic strength depends strongly on the subsynaptic organisation of presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic receptor densities, and their alterations are expected to underlie pathologies. Although synaptic dysfunctions are common pathogenic traits of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unknown whether synaptic protein nano‐organisation is altered in AD. Here, we systematically characterised the alterations in the subsynaptic organisation in cellular and mouse models of AD. Methods: We used immunostaining and super‐resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging to quantitatively examine the synaptic protein nano‐organisation in both Aβ1–42‐treated neuronal cultures and cortical sections from a mouse model of AD, APP23 mice. Results: We found that Aβ1–42‐treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons decreased the synaptic retention of postsynaptic scaffolds and receptors and disrupted their nanoscale alignment to presynaptic transmitter release sites. In cortical sections, we found that while GluA1 receptors in wild‐type mice were organised in subsynaptic nanoclusters with high local densities, receptors in APP23 mice distributed more homogeneously within synapses. This reorganisation, together with the reduced overall receptor density, led to reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Meanwhile, the transsynaptic alignment between presynaptic release‐guiding RIM1/2 and postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD‐95 was reduced in APP23 mice. Importantly, these reorganisations were progressive with age and were more pronounced in synapses in close vicinity of Aβ plaques with dense cores. Conclusions: Our study revealed a spatiotemporal‐specific reorganisation of synaptic nanostructures in AD and identifies dense‐core amyloid plaques as the major local inductor in APP23 mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Piezo1 channels are mechanosensitive cationic channels that are activated by mechanical stretch or shear stress. Endothelial Piezo1 activation by shear stress caused by blood flow induces ATP release from endothelial cells; however, the link between shear stress and endothelial ATP production is unclear. Experimental Approach: The mitochondrial respiratory function of cells was measured by using high‐resolution respirometry system Oxygraph‐2k. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was evaluated by using Fluo‐4/AM and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration by Rhod‐2/AM. Key Results: The specific Piezo1 channel activator Yoda1 or its analogue Dooku1 increased [Ca2+]i in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and both Yoda1 and Dooku1 increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) and mitochondrial ATP production in HUVECs and primary cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Knockdown of Piezo1 inhibited Yoda1‐ and Dooku1‐induced increases of mitochondrial OCRs and mitochondrial ATP production in HUVECs. The shear stress mimetics, Yoda1 and Dooku1, and the Piezo1 knock‐down technique also demonstrated that Piezo1 activation increased glycolysis in HUVECs. Chelating extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA or chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA‐AM did not affect Yoda1‐ and Dooku1‐induced increases of mitochondrial OCRs and ATP production, but chelating cytosolic Ca2+ inhibited Yoda1‐ and Dooku1‐induced increase of glycolysis. Confocal microscopy showed that Piezo1 channels are present in mitochondria of endothelial cells, and Yoda1 and Dooku1 increased mitochondrial Ca2+ in endothelial cells. Conclusion and Implications: Piezo1 channel activation stimulates ATP production through enhancing mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in vascular endothelial cells, suggesting a novel role of Piezo1 channel in endothelial ATP production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report a two‐directional cyclization strategy for the synthesis of highly strained depth‐expanded oxygen‐doped chiral molecular belts of the zigzag‐type. From the easily accessible resorcin[4]arenes, an unprecedented cyclization cascade generating fused 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐phenalenes has been developed to access expanded molecular belts. Stitching up the fjords through intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution and ring‐closing olefin metathesis reactions furnished a highly strained O‐doped C2‐symmetric belt. The enantiomers of the acquired compounds exhibited excellent chiroptical properties. The calculated parallelly aligned electric (μ) and magnetic (m) transition dipole moments are translated to the high dissymmetry factor (|glum| up to 0.022). This study provides not only an appealing and useful strategy for the synthesis of strained molecular belts but also a new paradigm for the fabrication of belt‐derived chiroptical materials with high CPL activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxin and auxin‐mediated signaling pathways are known to regulate lateral root development. Although exocytic vesicle trafficking plays an important role in recycling the PIN‐FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers and in polar auxin transport during lateral root formation, the mechanistic details of these processes are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that BYPASS1‐LIKE (B1L) regulates lateral root initiation via exocytic vesicular trafficking‐mediated PIN recycling in Arabidopsis thaliana. b1l mutants contained significantly more lateral roots than the wild type, primarily due to increased lateral root primordium initiation. Furthermore, the auxin signal was stronger in stage I lateral root primordia of b1l than in those of the wild type. Treatment with exogenous auxin and an auxin transport inhibitor indicated that the lateral root phenotype of b1l could be attributed to higher auxin levels and that B1L regulates auxin efflux. Indeed, compared to the wild type, C‐terminally green fluorescent protein‐tagged PIN1 and PIN3 accumulated at higher levels in b1l lateral root primordia. B1L interacted with the exocyst, and b1l showed defective PIN exocytosis. These observations indicate that B1L interacts with the exocyst to regulate PIN‐mediated polar auxin transport and lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement Summary Unraveling the genetic intricacies and evolutionary history of Asian Hickories through advanced genome sequencing gives valuable insights into their ecological adaptations. Understanding the impact of historical dynamics, climate fluctuations, and geographical barriers on Asian hickories not only contributes to scientific knowledge but also empowers policymakers with evidence‐based decisions and guides conservationists in their efforts to protect vulnerable species. The identification of potential habitats, especially for the endangered Carya kweichowensis, offers a promising avenue for targeted conservation efforts, aligning with global initiatives to preserve Earth's precious biodiversity, but also ensures the conservation of a vital genetic reservoir for nut‐bearing economic tree species.Biogeographic characteristics of disjunct distribution play a vital role in plant geography and the endangered mechanism. The whole genome resequencing provides an opportunity to study the genetic relationship, population diffusion, and floristic evolution of disjunctive‐distribution flora. Based on the SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) data generated by the whole genome deep resequencing of five EA (Eastern Asian) Carya species, we constructed the phylogenetic tree, genetic structure, and species distribution modeling to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and to predict the potential distribution area of EA Carya. Phylogenetic analysis of Carya revealed two distinct clades, separating EA Carya from NA (North America) Carya. C. kweichowensis, an endangered species, showed the lowest nucleotide diversity and the earliest divergence among studied EA Carya species. Species distribution modeling predicted suitable habitats for five EA Carya species, revealing the potential distribution of endangered C. kweichowensis. Importantly, minimal spatial overlap was observed among distribution regions of EA Carya species during different time periods. The uneven regional distribution of EA Carya is believed to be a consequence of Quaternary climate fluctuations, mountain barriers hindering species dispersal, and the limited cold tolerance of these trees. EA Carya highlights the significant role of climate and geological changes in their regional distribution and migration routes in Asia. Furthermore, the discovery of potential habitats offers a promising avenue for the conservation of C. kweichowensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic mixed‐phase materials with competing ground states are important from both scientific and technical points of view due to their magnetic phase transition and phase coexistence properties. Unlike artificially fabricated multi‐phase composites, it should be possible to modify their physical properties more efficiently by making use of the interphase coupling effects in mixed‐phase materials. In this study, the magneto‐transport properties are investigated to provide evidence of the existence of interphase coupling in a magnetic mixed‐phase system, specifically, Ni‐doped FeRh thin films. The rotation of the external magnetic field induces an emergent promotion effect of the antiferromagnetic (AFM)–ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition, which can be attributed to the modification of the magnetic free energy by interphase magnetic coupling across the AFM–FM phase boundary. The results shed light on the availability of an extra degree of freedom for manipulating the physical properties of material systems with mixed magnetic phases and help to further exploit their potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and universal method via direct writing catalysts with novel surface‐modification electroless deposition is developed to prepare high‐adhesion, low‐resistance and excellent‐flexibility metal patterns on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates. Through the surface modification of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), the PI substrates are capable of complexing silver ion catalysts. After that, the silver ion catalysts are treated with plasma, which could catalyze the electroless deposition of conductive metal (copper, nickel and silver) patterns. Compared with the other processes, this method presents an industrially viable way to fabricate metal conductive patterns and circuits on polymer substrate for flexible electronics at low cost, simple operation, time‐saving and without the needs of sophisticated equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractory ascites is a serious complication for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Saphenous−peritoneal shunting is a possible surgical treatment for its relief, but tends to lead to higher groin infections. The purpose of the present paper was to determine whether a modified procedure could resolve the problem and offer potential advantages over a peritoneo-venous shunt.Sixteen patients with refractory ascites who received modified saphenous−peritoneal shunts were studied. Clinical data such as bodyweight, abdominal girth, indocyanine green 15-min retention rate (ICG-15), serum bilirubin concentrations, Child−Pugh Score, creatinine clearance (CCr), daily urinary output, urine sodium (UNa) and operative complications were recorded before, and 3 months after, surgery.Three months after the operation, the urinary output, nutritional status and Child−Pugh scores had improved, but ICG-15 and total bilirubin output had not changed significantly. The CCr, UNa bodyweight and abdominal girth tended to decrease, but not significantly. No groin infections were noted following this procedure.This modified procedure not only improved the nutritional status of cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites but also improved their quality of life. Infections and obstructions decreased in the short term. However, long-term follow up is mandatory. This new technique requires more practice and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the obvious advantages of utilizing naturally abundant and low cost sodium resources, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) show great potential for large‐scale energy storage applications. And the high theoretical capacities of transition metal sulfides (TMSs) make them appealing anode materials for SIBs; however, structural collapse caused by the severe volume change during de/sodiation processes results in poor capacity retention and rate capabilities. Compared to the development of new materials and the improvement of their electrochemical performance, the studies on their reaction mechanisms are still rare, especially the operando characterizations. Herein, the synthesis, anode application, and the operando observation of the de/sodiation mechanism of a nitrogen‐doped porous carbon coated nickel cobalt bimetallic sulfide hollow nanocube ((Ni0.5Co0.5)9S8@NC) composite are reported. Such a material is synthesized via facile sulfidation of phenol formaldehyde coated Ni3[Co(CN)6]2 metal–organic framework precursors with Na2S followed by calcination. The nanocomposite displays a remarkable specific capacity of 752 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles and outstanding rate capability due to the synergistic effect of several appealing features. Particularly, the pseudocapacitive effect appears to substantially contribute to the sodium storage capability. Operando X‐ray diffraction reveals the conversion reaction mechanism of (Ni0.5Co0.5)9S8@NC, forming Ni, Co, Na2S, and Na2S5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]