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Special vehicles (SVs) are vehicles which conduct tasks such as the maintenance of urban roads and are typically characterized by travelling at a lower speed at a constant rate of speed within the same lane. In order to reduce the influence of SVs, guidance zone is designed and provides traffic guidance suggestions (TGS) for human‐driven vehicles (HVs) helping drivers for better decision between car‐following (CF) and lane‐changing (LC). To verify the effectiveness of TGS, an improved Dogit‐agent‐based model is established to simulate the captive and not captive choice of CF and LC for different driver types under TGS, and build the rules for mixed traffic flow of SV and HVs. Finally, a numerical simulation with a three‐lane system is conducted to analyze the traffic efficiency through a set of indicators, and the results show that the TGS can reduce the influence of SVs on traffic flow in a specific occupancy rates range, increase the cross‐section traffic volume by about 5%. The TGS also can increase the average speed of HVs in the lane behind SV by about 5% to 30%, and increase traffic density to 200% on the underutilized lane in the raw space in front of the SV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hg2+ is one of the most toxic heavy metals, posing a serious threat to the human body and the environmental ecosystem. In order to detect Hg2+ rapidly, accurately, and sensitively, a kind of boron, nitrogen, and sulfur co‐doped carbon dots (B,N,S‐CDs) were synthesized by a simple, economical, and direct hydrothermal method. The average size of the prepared B,N,S‐CDs is 2.7 ± 0.7 nm, and the high photoluminescence quantum yield is 67.6%. Furthermore, due to the efficient quenching effect of Hg2+, such B,N,S‐CDs are considered to serve as an efficient fluorescence sensing platform for label‐free and sensitive detection of Hg2+ with a detection limit of 72 nM. The selectivity experiments reveal that the B,N,S‐CDs are selective and specific for Hg2+ even in the presence of other interfering substances. Most importantly, the Hg2+ sensing platform based on B,N,S‐CDs can be successfully applied to the determination of Hg2+ in tap water and real lake water samples. This stable and inexpensive carbon material exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity, potentially suitable for Hg2+ monitoring in environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luteolin, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has been utilized for several decades in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous research has demonstrated its anti‐tumour efficacy, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of luteolin in H22 tumour‐bearing mice. luteolin effectively inhibited the growth of solid tumours in a well‐established mouse model of HCC. High‐throughput sequencing revealed that luteolin treatment could enhance T‐cell activation, cell chemotaxis and cytokine production. In addition, luteolin helped sustain a high ratio of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleen, peripheral blood and tumour tissues. The effects of luteolin on the phenotypic and functional changes in tumour‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes were also investigated. Luteolin restored the cytotoxicity of tumour‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in H22 tumour‐bearing mice. The CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibited intensified phenotype activation and increased production of granzyme B, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α in serum. The combined administration of luteolin and the PD‐1 inhibitor enhanced the anti‐tumour effects in H22 tumour‐bearing mice. Luteolin could exert an anti‐tumour immune response by inducing CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration and enhance the anti‐tumour effects of the PD‐1 inhibitor on H22 tumour‐bearing mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hg2+ is one of the most toxic heavy metals, posing a serious threat to the human body and the environmental ecosystem. In order to detect Hg2+ rapidly, accurately, and sensitively, a kind of boron, nitrogen, and sulfur co‐doped carbon dots (B,N,S‐CDs) were synthesized by a simple, economical, and direct hydrothermal method. The average size of the prepared B,N,S‐CDs is 2.7 ± 0.7 nm, and the high photoluminescence quantum yield is 67.6%. Furthermore, due to the efficient quenching effect of Hg2+, such B,N,S‐CDs are considered to serve as an efficient fluorescence sensing platform for label‐free and sensitive detection of Hg2+ with a detection limit of 72 nM. The selectivity experiments reveal that the B,N,S‐CDs are selective and specific for Hg2+ even in the presence of other interfering substances. Most importantly, the Hg2+ sensing platform based on B,N,S‐CDs can be successfully applied to the determination of Hg2+ in tap water and real lake water samples. This stable and inexpensive carbon material exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectivity, potentially suitable for Hg2+ monitoring in environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential differences in the influence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) on cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality. Methods: Participants having IGT with MetS (IGT_MetS), those having IGT without MetS (IGT_non_MetS), and those having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) without MetS (NGT_non_MetS) (N = 246, N = 294, and N = 471, respectively) were included in this study. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the relationship among these three groups and CV events and mortality. Results: Over the 30‐year follow‐up period, 57 (12.1%) participants having NGT_non_MetS, 55 (18.71%) with IGT_non_MetS, and 74 (30.08%) with IGT_MetS experienced CV mortality. After adjusting for risk factors, the hazard ratios for CV mortality were 2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–2.91) for the IGT_non_MetS group and 2.96 (95% CI, 2.09–4.19) for the IGT_MetS group, compared with the NGT_non_MetS group. Similar patterns were observed for CV events, with hazard ratios of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.19–1.88) for the IGT_non_MetS group and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.58–2.47) for the IGT_MetS group. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the hazard ratios of the IGT_non_MetS and IGT_MetS groups indicated a higher risk of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction events or myocardial infarction mortality, and stroke events or stroke mortality compared with that of the NGT_non_MetS group. Conclusion: IGT_non_MetS increased the risk of CV mortality and events. Furthermore, when it occurred in conjunction with MetS, it further increased the risk of CV mortality and events. This suggested that active intervention is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of polymer conformations to construct a variety of superlattices is a common method within the field. However, this technique often results in only long‐range ordering rather than the formation of distinct superlattices. In this study, a well‐organized array of discrete pancake‐shaped superlattices (DPSs) is successfully obtained through the utilization of air–liquid interface self‐assembly, facilitated by the confined environment created by a block copolymer. It is crucial to note that both the self‐assembly behavior and resulting morphologies of the DPSs can be precisely tuned by adjusting several experimental parameters, most notably the concentration and molecular architecture of the block copolymers. Furthermore, this work provides valuable insights into the formation processes and mechanisms underpinning the DPSs. The approach described here is both straightforward and efficacious, establishing a strong foundation for subsequent research and the development of non‐close‐packed superlattice structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to investigate the long‐term influence of a diet and/or exercise intervention on long‐term mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Methods: The Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study had 576 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) randomized to diet‐only, exercise‐only and diet‐plus‐exercise intervention group and control group. The participants underwent lifestyle interventions for 6 years. The subsequent Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study was a prospective cohort study to follow‐up the participants for up to 24 years after the end of 6‐year intervention. In total, 540 participants completed the follow‐up, while 36 subjects lost in follow‐up. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to assess the influence of lifestyle interventions on targeted outcomes. Results: Compared with controls, the diet‐only intervention in people with IGT was significantly associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.61‐0.97)], CVD death [HR 0.67, 95% CI (0.46‐0.97)] and CVD events [HR 0.72, 95% CI (0.54‐0.96)]. The diet‐plus‐exercise intervention was significantly associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause death [HR 0.64, 95% CI (0.48‐0.84)], CVD death [HR 0.54, 95% CI (0.30‐0.97)] and CVD events [HR 0.68, 95% CI (0.52‐0.90)]. Unexpectedly, the exercise‐only intervention was not significantly associated with the reduction of any of these outcomes, although there was a consistent trend towards reduction. Conclusions: A diet‐only intervention and a diet‐plus‐exercise intervention in people with IGT were significantly associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death, CVD death and CVD events, while an exercise‐only intervention was not. It suggests that diet‐related interventions may have a potentially more reliable influence on long‐term vascular complications and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphingosine (Sph) plays important roles in various complex biological processes. Abnormalities in Sph metabolism can result in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, due to the lack of rapid and accurate detection methods, understanding sph metabolic in related diseases is limited. Herein, a series of near‐infrared fluorogenic probes DMS‐X (X = 2F, F, Cl, Br, and I) are designed and synthesized. The fast oxazolidinone ring formation enables the DMS‐2F to detect Sph selectively and ultrasensitively, and the detection limit reaches 9.33 ± 0.41 nm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that DMS‐2F exhibited a dose‐ and time‐dependent response to Sph and can detect sph in living cells. Importantly, for the first time, the changes in Sph levels induced by Aβ42 oligomers and H2O2 are assessed through a fluorescent imaging approach, and further validated the physiological processes by which Aβ42 oligomers and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induce changes in intracellular Sph levels. Additionally, the distribution of Sph in living zebrafish is successfully mapped by in vivo imaging of a zebrafish model. This work provides a simple and efficient method for probing Sph in living cells and in vivo, which will facilitate investigation into the metabolic process of Sph and the connection between Sph and disease pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different factors on the compressive mechanical properties of corn kernels. Explore the relationship between endosperm hardness and compressive mechanical properties of corn kernels by polynomial regression analysis. The results showed that the variety and kernel orientation had a significant effect on the compressive mechanical properties of corn kernels. Flint corn had a stronger ability to resist damage than floury corn. As the loading rate increased from 5 to 25 mm/min, the rupture force and rupture energy of corn kernels changed accordingly. The hardness of horny endosperm was significantly higher than that of floury endosperm. The dense starch‐protein network structure of horny endosperm leads to higher hardness. According to the fitting results, the compressive mechanical properties of corn kernels could be predicted using the hardness of the horny endosperm within a certain range. Practical applications: As a widely planted food crop in the world, corn is not only an important food crop, but also a high‐quality feed for livestock and poultry. The compressive mechanical properties (elastic modulus, compressive failure force, failure energy, etc.) of corn kernels were explored, and the relationship between endosperm hardness and its mechanical properties was analyzed. It can provide technical parameters for mechanical processing equipment, reduce the loss of corn grain in the processing process, and improve its economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Homologous recombination repair (HRR) plays an important role in cancer development, drug resistance, and immune escape, but the role of HRR genes in primary lung cancer (PLC) after previous malignancies is unclear. Methods: We used HRR‐related score constrcted by HRR genes to classify patients into two groups and compared clinical progression, differential genes, and their functions between them. Then, we constructed a prognostic risk model based on HRR‐related score and screened key differentially expressed genes. We evaluated the potential roles, mutational information, and immune correlations of key genes. Finally, we compared the long‐term prognosis and immune correlations of different prognostic risk subgroups. Results: We found that HRR‐related score was associated with T‐stage, immunotherapy sensitivity, and prognosis of PLC after previous malignancies. Differential genes between HRR‐related low‐score and high‐score groups are mainly involved in DNA replication and repair processes, such as the cell cycle. We identified three key genes, ABO, SERPINE2, and MYC, by machine learning, and MYC had the highest amplification mutation frequency. We verified that the key gene‐based prognostic model can better assess the prognosis of patients. The risk score of the prognostic model was associated with immune microenvironment and efficacy of immunotherapy. Conclusions: Overall, we identified three key genes ABO, SERPINE2, and MYC associated with HRR status in PLC after previous malignancies. The risk model based on key genes is associated with immune microenvironment and can well predict the prognosis for PLC after previous malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enantiomeric separation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones compounds were systematically studied in the normal‐phase mode using four different polysaccharide‐type chiral stationary phases, namely, Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC, Chiralpak IG, and Chiralpak IK‐3 by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effect of alcohol modifiers and alcohol content on enantiomeric separation was evaluated for the separation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones. All the eight compounds have achieved baseline separation with the resolutions ranging between 1.52 and 23.11. For a better insight into the enantiorecognition mechanisms, thermodynamic analysis was carried out. The mechanisms of chiral recognition have been discussed. Among four chiral columns, Chiralpak IG exhibited the most universal and the best enantioseparation ability toward furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones when used n‐hexane‐isopropanol and n‐hexane‐ethanol as mobile phase, respectively. The steric hindrance, hydrogen bonding, and π‐π interaction played major roles in chiral recognition on Chiralpak IG. By comparing four chiral columns, this work systematically analyzed the separation methods of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones for the first time and reported some active chiral ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine that have never been separated, which provided a further insight into the enantioseparation of furanocoumarins and dihydroflavones on chiral stationary phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Over the past few years, the growing market demand for functional food leads to the development of inulin‐containing staple food. Comparing to previous works, this study investigates the effect of inulin with different polymerisation degrees on dough rheology and water distribution in the fresh noodles. Rheological properties of gluten, either using empirical or fundamental methods illustrate the distinctly improved farinograph properties. The tensile properties of the noodles added with LCI increased. Both SCI and LCI reduced the gelatinisation temperature and viscosity of the mixed powder, inhibited the retrogradation of starch. The relaxation time of weakly bound water of fresh noodles with LCI was shortened, the proportion of tightly bound water increased by 3.33%, and the content of freezable water decreased by 1.97%. Results showed that LCI inhibits the fluidity of water and increases the toughness and stability of gluten protein network structure. Noodles with LCI were of higher quality than those in the control group and those with SCI. Both groups inhibit the fluidity of water in noodles and enhance the toughness and stability of the gluten protein network structure. These results show that comparing to SCI, LCI improve the quality of fresh noodles more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the main pathological basis for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis has become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Emerging evidence has suggested that Rho GTPase Rnd3 plays an indisputable role in cardiovascular diseases, although its function in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we found a significant correlation between Rnd3 and pyroptosis of aortic endothelial cells (ECs). Methods: ApoeKO mice were utilized as a model for atherosclerosis. Endothelium‐specific transgenic mice were employed to disrupt the expression level of Rnd3 in vivo. Mechanistic investigation of the impact of Rnd3 on endothelial cell pyroptosis was carried out using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays, and molecular docking. Results: Evidence from gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies denoted a protective role for Rnd3 against ECs pyroptosis. Downregulation of Rnd3 sensitized ECs to pyroptosis under oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) challenge and exacerbated atherosclerosis, while overexpression of Rnd3 effectively prevented these effects. LC‐MS/MS, Co‐IP assay, and molecular docking revealed that Rnd3 negatively regulated pyroptosis signaling by direct interaction with the ring finger domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6). This leads to the suppression of K63‐linked TRAF6 ubiquitination and the promotion of K48‐linked TRAF6 ubiquitination, inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB and promoting the degradation of TRAF6. Moreover, TRAF6 knockdown countered Rnd3 knockout‐evoked exacerbation of EC pyroptosis in vivo and vitro. Conclusions: These findings establish a critical functional connection between Rnd3 and the TRAF6/NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in ECs, indicating the essential role of Rnd3 in preventing pyroptosis of ECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of rhodamine‐based fluorescent sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of Pd2+ metal ions in aqueous media has been developed. A rhodamine‐based sensor PMS and a rhodamine‐BODIPY Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐pair sensor PRS have been incorporated with a piperazine linker and an O−N−S−N podand ligand for specific recognition of Pd2+ ion. Both probes displayed colorimetric and fluorescent ratiometric changes when exposed to Pd2+, due to their spirolactam rings opening and restoring rhodamine conjugation. PRS is highly selective to Pd2+ over 22 other metal ions, showing a 0.6‐fold ratiometric difference at I600nm/I515nm. Additionally, the lactam ring in Pd2+ coordinated PRS‐Pd could be switched back to the closed form in the presence of various thiols, providing a "red‐green traffic light" detection mechanism between red and green emission. Furthermore, PRS showed excellent cell viability and was successfully employed to image Pd2+ and the PRS‐Pd complex ensemble could interchangeably detect biothiols including glutathione (GSH) in A549 human lung cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is one of the most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine, which has good efficacy in warming kidney to activate yang, promoting inspiration to relieve asthma and warming spleen to stop diarrhea. However, the chemical composition of PF is complex, which makes it difficult to determine its active and toxic components. In order to rapidly classify and identify the chemical components of the extracts from PF, this research was processed with CNKI, PubMed, and PubChem databases and data post‐processing technique basing on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS) technique. Finally, 73 chemical components were discriminated, including 44 flavonoids, 18 coumarins, and 11 terpenoids, with the cleavage rules of each chemical component summarized. This study established a UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS method for the separation and discrimination of the chemical constituents of PF, which can lay a foundation for the further study of its medicinal substances and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uterine abnormalities infertility can be treated with implantable patches for tension‐free healing. However, the existing clinical patches are still limited in effective uterus recovery, resulting in low pregnancy and live birth rates. Herein, a novel engineered, and biocompatible Janus collagen patch (JCOP) is developed to achieve excellent uterine defect recovery and increase effective live births. The JCOP can highly match the structure, micromorphology, and mechanical properties of a natural uterus due to homologous‐like tissue homogeneity. JCOP's rough surface and loose‐extracellular‐matrix‐like porosity promote fibroblast adhesion and tissue regeneration, whereas its smooth surface reduces fibroblast adhesion and prevents visceral adhesions. Additionally, it exhibits exceptional resistance to swelling and deformation along with stable mechanical strength for long‐term preservation in the body and can withstand the highest uterine pressure in a humid interior environment attributed to its superior structural layout. Moreover, JCOP@bF, a functional JCOP linked to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) via a specific collagen‐binding domain, significantly promotes repair of the injured uterus, restores the ability of the endometrium to accept embryos, and supports their development to a viable stage in a rat model of uterine damage. This study shows great promise for treating infertility caused by uterine damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), priority is often given minimize dose to the critical organs at risk (OARs) to avoid potential morbid sequelae. However, in T4 NPC, dosimetric inadequacy enforced by dose constraints on OARs may significantly impact tumor control. Methods: This was a single‐institute cohort that patients diagnosed between July 2005 and December 2010 with T4 NPC treated with IMRT. All patients were re‐classification according to the 7th‐AJCC stage. Results: Overall, the average doses such as Dmax, D1%, D2% and D1cc for various Central nervous system (CNS) OARs including brainstem, optic nerve, chiasm, temporal lobes and spinal cord were found to exceed published guidelines as RTOG0225. However, no clinical toxicities were seen during the follow‐up period except for 13% patients with temporal lobe necrosis. Conclusion: Our retrospective review showed that its feasible to maximize gross tumor volume dose coverage while exceeding most CNS OAR constraint standards, with ideal local control and no obvious increase of craniocerebral toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the impact of stress hyperglycaemia (SH) on in‐hospital adverse cardiac events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients without diabetes. Materials and Methods: In total, 5450 patients without diabetes who underwent CABG were analysed. SH was defined as any two instances in which the random blood glucose level was >7.8 mmol/L after CABG in the intensive care unit (ICU). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including in‐hospital mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke and acute renal failure. Secondary outcomes included surgical site infection (SSI) and length of ICU stay. Results: Patients with SH had higher rates of MACEs (5.7% vs. 2.3%, p <.0001) and higher SSI (3.3% vs. 1.4%, p =.0003) and longer ICU stays (2.6 ± 2.0 vs. 1.3 ± 1.3 days, p <.0001) than those without SH. Furthermore, SH was associated with a higher risk of MACEs [odds ratio (OR): 2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38‐3.90], SSI (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.20‐3.95) and longer ICU stay (OR: 12.27, 95% CI: 9.41‐16.92) after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with SH >10 mmol/L or SH that occurred in the ICU and lasted more than 48 h had increased risks of postoperative complications (p <.05). Conclusions: SH was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs, SSI and longer ICU stay after CABG in patients without diabetes. In addition, SH >10 mmol/L or that occurred in the ICU and lasted more than 48 h increased the risk of adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to examine the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), microvascular complications, and subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, and to determine the strength of the correlation in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was employed to assess the subclinical LV function of 152 enrolled T2DM patients with preserved LV ejection fraction, with the cutoff for subclinical LV systolic dysfunction predefined as GLS < 18%. Results: According to univariate analysis, the reduced GLS exhibited association with the clinical features including HbA1c, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, heart rate, diabetic retinopathy, and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) (all p <.05). After the factors of gender, age, and related clinical covariables adjusted, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the HbA1c (odds ratio [OR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–2.13; p <.001), UACR (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.12–5.47; p =.025) and triglyceride (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.12–3.03; p =.017) as the independent risk factors for the reduced GLS. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed a predictive value of the HbA1c for the subclinical LV systolic dysfunction (area under curve: 0.74; p <.001). Conclusions: In asymptomatic T2DM patients, subclinical LV systolic dysfunction was associated with HbA1c, diabetic complications, and triglyceride. More prominently, HbA1c may exert a prognostic significance for the progression of myocardial damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation create a complicated extrinsic neural environment that dominates the initial post-injury period after spinal cord injury (SCI). The compensatory pathways between ROS and inflammation limited the efficacy of modulating the above single treatment regimen after SCI. Here, novel "nanoflower" Mn3O4 integrated with "pollen" IRF-5SiRNA was designed as a combination antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment after SCI. The "nanoflower" and "pollen" structure was encapsulated with a neutrophil membrane for protective and targeted delivery. Furthermore, valence-engineered nanozyme Mn3O4 imitated the cascade response of antioxidant enzymes with a higher substrate affinity compared to natural antioxidant enzymes. Nanozymes effectively catalyzed ROS to generate O2, which is advantageous for reducing oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis. The screened "pollen" IRF-5SiRNA could reverse the inflammatory phenotype by reducing interferon regulatory factors-5 (IRF-5) expression (protein level: 73.08% and mRNA level: 63.10%). The decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in less neural scarring. In SCI rats, multifunctional nanozymes enhanced the proliferation of various neuronal subtypes (motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons) and the recovery of locomotor function, demonstrating that the remodeling of the extrinsic neural environment is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DACH1 is an important component of the retinal determinate gene network (RDGN), which regulates the expression of target genes by directly binding or interacting with other factors. DACH1 shows inhibitory effects in most tumors, but its role in papillary thyroid carcinoma is unclear and warrants further investigation. We assessed the expression of DACH1 in different tissues and correlation with immune infiltration by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMMER2.0 databases). The effects of DACH1 on the proliferation and migration of TPC‐1 and Bcpap cells were assessed by cell viability assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, and flow cytometry. Finally, the effects of DACH1 on CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12 expression in Nthy‐ori‐3‐1, TPC‐1 and Bcpap cells were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit and real‐time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results showed that DACH1 was differentially expressed in different tumors and tissues. Basal expression of DACH1 was lower in thyroid and papillary thyroid carcinoma than in other normal tissues and corresponding tumors, and positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. In Nthy‐ori‐3‐1, TPC‐1 and Bcpap cells, overexpression of DACH1 inhibited cell migration and proliferation, and the opposite results was obtained by knocking down DACH1 using small interfering RNA. We also demonstrated that DACH1 regulated chemokines CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12, thereby modulating tumor immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy has greatly improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma, but good predictive biomarkers remain lacking in clinical practice. Although increasing evidence has revealed a vital role of pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), it remains unclear for pyroptosis as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in melanoma. RNA sequencing data and annotated clinical information of melanoma patients were obtained from four published immunotherapy datasets. LASSO regression analysis was conducted to develop a pyroptosis‐based model for quantifying a pyroptosis score in each tumor. Based on four clinical cohorts, we evaluated the predictive capability of the model using multiple immunotherapeutic outcomes, including clinical benefits, overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS). Furthermore, we depicted the distinctive TME features associated with pyroptosis. Compared with the group with low pyroptosis scores, the group with high pyroptosis scores consistently achieved better durable clinical benefits in four independent cohorts and the meta‐cohort. ROC analysis validated that the pyroptosis‐based model was a reliable biomarker for predicting clinical benefits from immunotherapy in melanoma. Survival analyses showed that the group with high pyroptosis scores harbored more favorable OS and PFS than those with low pyroptosis scores. Molecular analysis revealed that tumors with high pyroptosis scores displayed a typical immune‐inflamed phenotype in TME, including enrichment of immunostimulatory pathways, increased level of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, upregulation of immune effectors, and activation of the antitumor immune response. Our findings suggested that the pyroptosis‐related model associated with multiple immune‐inflamed characteristics might be a reliable tool for predicting clinical benefit and survival outcomes from immunotherapy in melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioadhesives have been used in clinics among the most prospective alternatives to sutures and staples for wound sealing and repairing; however, they generally have inadequate adhesion to wet surfaces, improper mechanical strength, poor hemostasis, and cytotoxicity. To address these challenges, a robust wet tissue adhesive based on collagen and starch materials (CoSt) is designed in this study. CoSt hydrogels integrate the feature of drainage, molecular penetration and strengthen cross‐linking similar to mussel, ivy, and oyster glues, which remove interfacial water quickly, reinforce tough dissipation and involve multiple reversible dynamic interactions. Therefore, they form strong adhesion and sutureless sealing of injured tissues, accompanying actuate robust biointerfaces in direct contact with tissue liquids or blood, resolving the crucial impediments with sutures and commercially accessible adhesives. The novel bioadhesive shows repeatable strong wet tissue adhesiveness (62 ± 4.8 KPa), high sealing performance (153.2 ± 35.1 mmHg), fast self‐healing ability, excellent injectability, and shape adaptability. For different hemostatic needs in rat models of tail amputation, skin incision, severe liver, abdominal aorta, and transected nerve injuries, the CoSt hydrogel shows better hemostatic efficiency than fibrin glue because of the coordinate efficacy of tough wound sealing property, outstanding red blood cell arresting capability, and the activation of hemostatic barrier membrane. Moreover, in vivo investigation of the skin injury repair of the rat model validate that CoSt hydrogels accelerate wound healing and functional recovery via skin damage/defects. Tough wet adhesion, quick hemostasis, distinguished biocompatibility, suitability to match irregular‐shaped target sites, and good wound healing promotion of the CoSt hydrogel makes it a prospective bioadhesive for various biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excess passengers gathering on the urban rail transit platform in a short time brings huge security risks to passengers and the daily operation of urban rail transit. However, the real‐time monitoring method of passenger flows, which relies on manual methods, cannot satisfy the requirement of daily operations at the network level anymore. This study proposes a dynamic data‐driven computation and monitoring method for the number of waiting passengers on platforms to recognize the operational risk in real‐time. For waiting passengers on platforms, the waiting time duration before boarding is also calculated based on a first‐come‐first‐service basis. It can be used to provide real‐time information services to passengers and evaluate service quality. Moreover, the proposed methodology relies solely on the AFC data and the train timetable, which makes it easy to implement in the daily operation of any urban rail transit system. Finally, taking the Beijing rail transit network as a case study, the real‐time number of waiting passengers on each platform, and the time duration passengers should wait before boarding are calculated dynamically. Meanwhile, the spatio‐temporal distribution of passengers' waiting time and waiting passengers are detailly analyzed based on the method of cluster analysis and the complex network theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the traditional keyboard and mouse input method, touch screen technique has high convenience for users. With the development of technology, touch screen is widely application in various electronic products because of their high transmittance, clear images, and convenient operation. This review mainly introduces the optical clear adhesive (OCA), liquid optical clear adhesive (LOCA), and the most commonly used LOCA ultra violet (UV)‐curable adhesives. Preparation and performance of UV‐curable adhesives are deeply explored. The structure of touch screen, such as one glass solution (OGS), on‐cell and in‐cell is discussed. Moreover, lamination process includes full lamination and non‐full lamination is also discussed. This review introduces the alignment technique comprise mechanical alignment technique and non‐mechanical alignment technique (such as machine vision) and laminating equipment. The recent development and existing problems with the touch screen lamination process are discussed. Furthermore, this review describes the latest developments in the adhesive of touch screen lamination process and predicts possible future development trends, which could provide references for subsequent research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loving‐kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) was a promising intervention for improving life satisfaction, but previous findings have been inconsistent. The current study provides a systematic review and meta‐analysis, including 23 empirical studies on LKCM with life satisfaction as an outcome variable. The primary meta‐analysis indicated that LKCM significantly enhanced life satisfaction in pre‐post design (g = 0.312, k = 15, n = 451), but the significance disappeared in the additional meta‐analysis based on randomized controlled trials (g = 0.106, k = 6, n = 404). Moderator analyses found significant effects for type of control (i.e., the effects of LKCM were inferior to active control group, but superior to waitlist condition), but not for other moderators (i.e., participant type, previous meditation experience, specific protocol, components of LKCM, combination with mindfulness mediation, and intervention length). Narrative review identified self‐compassion and positive emotions as important mediators. The practice time of LKCM had indirect but not direct association with life satisfaction. The findings supported that LKCM is promising in increasing life satisfaction, but more studies are needed to investigate the effects with more rigorous designs. Future studies should investigate other potential mechanisms and clarify whether LKCM change the reality or the perception of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a simple template‐free one‐step hydrothermal method was used to construct three‐dimensional In−Zn−Cd−S composite materials. By changing the ratio of In3+/(Zn2++Cd2+) and controlling the band gap of semiconductor, a novel efficient and stable photocatalyst was designed. In−Zn−Cd−S composite showed good adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity. When In3+/(Zn2++Cd2+) was equal to 1/5, the photocatalytic activity of the composite was the highest. The degradation rate of RhB could reach 92.6 % within 5 min, and 97.6 % after 15 min. The results of cyclic experiments show that the IZCS‐4 catalyst has good cyclic performance and structural stability. According to the free radical capture experiment, the main effect of IZCS‐4 on the photodegradation of organic pollutants is H+ and ⋅O2−. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the alloy semiconductor material is mainly because it can effectively separate the photogenerated carriers and successfully inhibit the photocorrosion of In2S3 monomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by photo‐hydrolysis is considered as an effective way to solve current energy and environmental problems. The preparation of photo‐catalysts with excellent activity is expected to promote the rapid development of photo‐catalytic hydrogen production research. A two‐step strategy is used to obtain a CdS‐based photo‐catalyst with enhanced photo‐hydrogen production efficiency by improving the electron transport efficiency and the intrinsic electric field to promote electron separation. The CdS/Ag2S/NiS nanocomposites were prepared by a two‐step method in this work. After characterization of the structure, optical properties and surface chemical state by XRD, EDS, XPS, TEM and UV‐vis, it is found that Under visible light exposure (λ=420 nm), when the ratio of NiS is 11 %, the sample got the highest hydrogen yield (3280 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1), which is 2.8 times of CdS/Ag2S material, and also showing good cycle stability. The improved catalytic efficiency can be attributed to two points: the introduction of Ag2S provides more electro‐chemical active sites and routes for nano‐materials; the introduction of NiS builds an internal electric field to promote the transmission and separation of optical electrons and holes, and improve aquatic hydrogen capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and construction of Ag2S heterostructures capable of significantly separating photocarriers is a significant challenge in photocatalysis. In this study, CdS/Ag2S heterojunction composite photocatalyst is fabricated through a simple one‐step hydrothermal method. The composite structure is characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV‐visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the sample is evaluated by degradation of methyl orange. The photoelectric chemical performance of the CdS nanoparticles modified by Ag2S is closely related to the ratio of Cd/Ag cation. The experimental results show that the sample ACS‐2 (CdS‐Ag2S = 1:1) composite has higher charge transfer/separation efficiency and longer carrier life. The degradation efficiency reaches 74.4% within 30 min, and the degradation rate constant is 0.047 min−1. After four cycles, the degradation efficiency of the catalyst only decreases slightly, indicating that the CdS/Ag2S catalyst has good stability and repeatability. Meanwhile, the study of the photocatalytic mechanism shows that •O1− is the primary active substance in the catalytic process, and h+ and •OH play a secondary role. This work provides a great significance for constructing efficient Ag2S‐based heterojunction photocatalyst systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown numerous clinical benefits in multiple cancer types, but good predictive biomarkers are severely lacking. Although increasing evidence has linked Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with tumor development, a systematic investigation for its potential as a biomarker remains elusive. Methods: We collected and analyzed the transcriptional data and clinical outcomes of diverse cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas and four published ICI datasets. Hh activity was estimated by conducting a single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for the Hh‐related genes and calculating the ssGSEA score in each tumor sample. Results: Our findings suggest that tumors with high Hh activity displayed multiple immunosuppressive characteristics, including lack of anti‐tumor response pathways, downregulation of immune effectors, enrichment of immunosuppressive cells and chemokines, and activation of immunosuppressive signaling. Notably, patients in the non‐response group had enriched Hh activity and showed worse overall survival (OS; pooled HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.21, p = 0.039). In the subgroup of high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, patients who harbored high Hh activity displayed a dramatically lower response rate to ICIs and a strikingly worse OS (pooled HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.53–5.49, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased Hh activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression across diverse cancers. Hh activity is not only a predictive biomarker for resistance to ICIs but can also better predict clinical outcomes in combination with PD‐L1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of how graphene materials (GMs) interact with biological surfaces is the key to develop safe and effective biomedical applications of GMs. Here, a systematic and comprehensive mechanistic perspective of interactions between pristine GMs and biological membranes is provided. To this end, first the known mechanisms of interaction between GMs and membrane components are summarized and classified, with a focus on phospholipids, cholesterol, and membrane proteins. Both experimental observations and computational simulations are included. Detailed experimental conditions and physiochemical properties of GMs are listed for each cited application. At the end of this review, current challenges and conflicts that limit biomedical applications of GMs are discussed. Based on reported mechanisms, guidelines for future studies to address the remaining challenges are proposed, specifically with respect to modulating the intrinsic properties of GMs for more efficient and safer therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) and near‐infrared light (NIL) treatments in alleviating symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED). Methods: Patients diagnosed with DED at the Peking University Third Hospital Eye Center from January 2019 to October 2019 were randomized to undergo either NIL therapy combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX; NIL Group) or IPL combined with MGX (IPL Group). Treatments were performed three times at 1‐month intervals. DED signs and symptoms were evaluated before every treatment. We compared the clinical improvement within and between the groups. Additional comparisons were made according to the meibomian gland (MG) dropout grade. Results: A total of 260 eyes of 130 patients (mean age, 49.68 ± 18.01 years) were included. The dryness and total symptom scores and the MG expressibility and secretion quality (upper and lower eyelids) significantly improved after the three treatments in both groups (p < 0.05). However, IPL had superior efficacy in improving blurred vision, photophobia, burning, increased secretions and the total symptom score at 2 months in patients with more severe MG dropout. Conclusions: Both IPL and NIL treatments were effective in the treatment of DED, but IPL provided greater symptom improvement, particularly in patients with severe MG dropout. NIL can be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of DED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective path to synthesize ZnxCd1‐xS quantum dots (ZCS QDs) in aqueous phase at room temperature has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we developed a room‐temperature, aqueous‐phase approach to ZCS QDs, using 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to adjust the pH of the reaction precursor solution to regulate the competition between sulfur source and hydroxyl group, and realize the large‐scale preparation of water‐soluble ZCS QDs photocatalyst at room temperature. Without recombination with other materials, and only by regulating the ratio of pH, excess sulfur sources and Zn/Cd, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) can reach 98% within 1 min, showing high photocatalytic activity. ZCS QDs show high stability and recoverability, and are expected to be able to deal with organic pollutants on a large scale. This study provides a new idea for the preparation of other QDs at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to investigate whether a modified implantation method facilitating a fully open umbrella can reduce the pericardial effusion/pericardial tamponade (PE/PT) rate after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) with the LAmbre device compared with the conventional method (CM) in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods and Results: Patients with NVAF who received either isolated LAAC or combined catheter ablation and LAAC using the LAmbre device at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled. CM was used for device implantation in the initial 59 patients, while a modified method (MM) was used in the remaining 165 patients. Successful implantation was achieved in 98.3% of patients in the CM group and 98.8% in the MM group. A higher rate of a fully open umbrella (98.8% vs. 69%, p <.001), less requirement for recapture (46% vs. 62.1%, p =.036), and a lower incidence of delayed PE/PT (1.2% vs. 8.6%, p =.005) were found in the MM group compared with the CM group. All of the five delayed PT events occurred in patients with combined treatment. An umbrella that was not fully open was the only factor associated with delayed PE/PT events in a multivariable Cox model. Conclusions: LAAC with the LAmbre device using an MM significantly increases the rate of a fully open umbrella and decreases the requirement for recapture and the incidence of delayed PE/PT. This method is more effective in patients with combined treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors of in‐hospital mortality and vascular complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), particularly the effect of different glycemic control levels on outcomes in patients with and without previous evidence of diabetes. Methods: A total of 8682 patients with and without previous diabetes undergoing CABG were categorized into strict, moderate, and liberal glucose control groups according to their mean blood glucose control level <7.8 mmol/L, 7.8 to 10.0 mmol/L, and ≥10.0 mmoL/L after in‐hospital CABG. Results: The patients with previous diabetes had higher rates of in‐hospital mortality (1.3% vs 0.4%, P <.001) and major complications (7.0% vs 4.8%, P <.001) than those without diabetes. Current diabetes was significantly associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87‐5.27) and major complications (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.24‐1.80), and smoking and higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels showed similar results. Among patients with previous diabetes, strict glucose control was significantly associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality (OR = 8.32, 95% CI 3.95‐17.51) compared with moderate glucose control. Nevertheless, among non‐previous diabetic patients with stress hyperglycemia, strict glucose control led to a lower risk of major complications (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52‐0.98). Conclusions: Diabetes status, smoking, and LDL‐C levels were modifiable risk factors of both in‐hospital mortality and major complications after CABG. Strict glucose control was associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality among patients with diabetes, whereas it reduced the risk of major complications among non‐previous diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several biomarkers such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), neoantigen load (NAL), programmed cell‐death receptor 1 ligand (PD‐L1) expression, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been developed for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma. However, some limitations including the undefined cut‐off value, poor uniformity of test platform, and weak reliability of prediction have restricted the broad application in clinical practice. In order to identify a clinically actionable biomarker and explore an effective strategy for prediction, we developed a genetic mutation model named as immunotherapy score (ITS) for predicting response to ICIs therapy in melanoma, based on whole‐exome sequencing data from previous studies. We observed that patients with high ITS had better durable clinical benefit and survival outcomes than patients with low ITS in three independent cohorts, as well as in the meta‐cohort. Notably, the prediction capability of ITS was more robust than that of TMB. Remarkably, ITS was not only an independent predictor of ICIs therapy, but also combined with TMB or LDH to better predict response to ICIs than any single biomarker. Moreover, patients with high ITS harbored the immunotherapy‐sensitive characteristics including high TMB and NAL, ultraviolet light damage, impaired DNA damage repair pathway, arrested cell cycle signaling, and frequent mutations in NF1 and SERPINB3/4. Overall, these findings deserve prospective investigation in the future and may help guide clinical decisions on ICIs therapy for patients with melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper chalcogenides have attracted much attention in recent years because of their promising applications in thermoelectric conversion. However, many of them suffer from phase transformation at low temperature. Motivated by the synthesis of bulk β‐CsCu5Se3 with high phase transformation temperature of 923 K for photovoltaic applications, its thermoelectric properties using first‐principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory are systematically studied. The results show that β‐CsCu5Se3 possesses ultralow lattice thermal conductivities of 0.24, 0.41, and 0.25 W mK−1 along the x, y, and z directions at room temperature, respectively, which are further reduced to 0.09, 0.15, and 0.09 W mK−1 at 800 K. A detailed analysis of its group velocity, three phonon scattering rate, Grüneisen parameter and three phonon phase space reveals that the weak harmonicity and strong phonon anharmonic scattering are responsible for the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, leading to a high figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.81 along the y direction at 800 K, which is three times higher than that of known thermoelectric materials o‐CsCu5S3 (0.46 at 800 K) and t‐CsCu5S3 (0.56 at 875 K). This study suggests that β‐CsCu5Se3 is a multifunctional material promising for both photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of silicone oil and blood is difficult to remove from ophthalmic surgical instruments during cleaning and decontamination processes. We sought to establish the most efficient cleaning procedure for this type of contaminated instrument. We uniformly contaminated microscopic instruments made of titanium alloy and stainless steel with either blood alone or blood and silicone oil. We randomly assigned each instrument to one of four types of cleaning procedures that involved combinations of water, a multi‐enzyme detergent, or an alkaline detergent. After completing the designated cleaning procedure, a sterile processing technician used an adenosine triphosphate cleaning verification test to evaluate the cleaning efficacy. When cleaning blood‐ and silicone oil–contaminated titanium‐alloy and stainless‐steel instruments, the alkaline detergent immersion followed by a multi‐enzyme detergent ultrasonic cleaning yielded the highest cleaning effectiveness score (92.5%), which indicates this was the most effective of the four cleaning procedures that we tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenging to design metal catalysts for in situ transformation of endogenous biomolecules with good performance inside living cells. Herein, we report a multifunctional metal catalyst, ruthenium‐coordinated oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene) (OPV‐Ru), for intracellular catalysis of transfer hydrogenation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to its reduced format (NADH). Owing to its amphiphilic characteristic, OPV‐Ru possesses good self‐assembly capability in water to form nanoparticles through hydrophobic interaction and π–π stacking, and numerous positive charges on the surface of nanoparticles displayed a strong electrostatic interaction with negatively charged substrate molecules, creating a local microenvironment for enhancing the catalysis efficiency in comparison to dispersed catalytic center molecule (TOF value was enhanced by about 15 fold). OPV‐Ru could selectively accumulate in the mitochondria of living cells. Benefiting from its inherent fluorescence, the dynamic distribution in cells and uptake behavior of OPV‐Ru could be visualized under fluorescence microscopy. This work represents the first demonstration of a multifunctional organometallic complex catalyzing natural hydrogenation transformation in specific subcellular compartments of living cells with excellent performance, fluorescent imaging ability, specific mitochondria targeting and good chemoselectivity with high catalysis efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The models currently available for predicting the risk of seizure recurrence after antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in adult epilepsy patients include the prediction model developed by Lamberink et al (Lamberink model, 2017) and the Medical Research Council prediction model (MRC model, 1993). However, there was no external validation for the two models. The purpose of this study was to perform an independent external validation and a comparison of the Lamberink model and the MRC model in adult patients. Methods: The study population was recruited from the Wenzhou Epilepsy Follow‐up Registry Database (WEFURD). All the predictors of the Lamberink and MRC models and the occurrence of seizure recurrence in the participants were collected based on the WEFURD. Participants' predicted probabilities of seizure recurrence were obtained by a Web‐based tool and the prognostic index formula. The external validation of the Lamberink model and the MRC model were quantified by discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Of 212 patients, 126 (59.4%) had seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal. The Lamberink 2‐year model, the Lamberink 5‐year model, the MRC 1‐year model, and the MRC 2‐year model had areas under the curve of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64‐0.78), 0.68 (95% CI = 0.60‐0.76), 0.60 (95% CI = 0.50‐0.69), and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.50‐0.66), respectively. Additionally, the Lamberink 2‐year model had a significantly better integrated discrimination improvement than the MRC 2‐year model (P <.001). Regarding calibration, the Lamberink 2‐year model (P =.121) and the MRC 1‐year model (P =.264) were well calibrated, but the Lamberink 5‐year model (P =.022) and the MRC 2‐year model (P =.008) were not. In the DCA, the Lamberink 2‐year model performed well at threshold probabilities of 30%‐65%. Significance: This external validation shows that the Lamberink 2‐year model might be more accurate and has greater clinical benefit than others for guiding drug withdrawal in adult epilepsy clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Efficacy of platinum based‐chemotherapy is limited by cisplatin (DDP) resistance, however, the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistance remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of miR‐1271 in cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Transfection of miR‐1271 mimic and inhibitor was performed to study the role of miR‐1271 in ovarian cancer. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit (CCK)‐8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis rates. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions. Target predicted by Targetscan7.2 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase activity assay. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) siRNA (simTOR) co‐transfection was performed to verify the role of mTOR in the suppression effect of miR‐1271 on ovarian cancer. Results: In SKOV3 cells, miR‐1271 overexpression significantly decreased cell viability and up‐regulated apoptosis rate (from 5.54% of control to 24.03%). MiR‐1271 adversely affected SKOV3 cell migration and invasion, and induced the upregulation of E‐cadherin and downregulation of N‐cadherin and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Moreover, SKOV3/DDP cells had a lower miR‐1271 level, and enhancing miR‐1271 contributed strongly to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis through altering the expressions of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 associated X protein (BAX), cleaved caspase‐3 and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2). In contrast, the opposite result was observed in miR‐1271 inhibitor. mTOR was identified to be a target of miR‐1271. SimTOR partially reversed the increased cell viability under the effect of miR‐1271 inhibitor. Conclusion: Our data indicate that miR‐1271 can inhibit the ovarian cancer epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and sensitize resistant cells to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis through blocking mTOR expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible‐light mediated multicomponent cascade reaction of diselenides, alkynes, and sulfur dioxide was developed, in which multiple C−Se and C−S bonds were constructed, and unexpected β‐sulfonylvinylselane compounds were generated with high selectivity for E configuration. β‐Sulfonylvinylselane transformation into 1,4‐oxathiine‐4,4‐dioxide and sulfonylethyne derivates was then investigated. A plausible mechanism involving a selenium radical‐initiated cascade reaction and sulfur dioxide insertion was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Vision‐based vehicle behaviour analysis has drawn increasing research efforts as an interesting and challenging issue in recent years. Although a variety of approaches have been taken to characterise on‐road behaviour, there still lacks a general model for interpreting the behaviour of vehicles on the road. In this Letter, the authors propose a new method that effectively predicts the vehicle behaviour based on structured deep forest modelling. Inspired by structured learning, the structure information of vehicle behaviour is extracted from the detected vehicle, and then the corresponding structured label is constructed. Especially, the structured label visually expresses the vehicle behaviour as contrast to the discrete numerical label. With the structured label, a structured deep forest model is proposed to predict the vehicle behaviour. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method successfully obtains the implication of semantic interpretation of vehicle behaviour by the predicted structured labels, and meanwhile it achieves comparable performance with traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]