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Tumor recurrence and wound infection are devastating complications of wide excision surgery for melanoma, and deep postoperative wound drainage typically increases pain. An amoeba‐inspired magnetic soft robot (ASR) with switchable dormant and active phases is developed to address the aforementioned challenges. The dormant ASR supports wounds through its solid‐like elasticity and regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels bidirectionally, promoting healing in infected wounds and eliminating residual tumors. It solves the challenge caused by the contradictory need for ROS scavenging in wound healing and ROS amplification in tumor/infection management. The active ASR removes absorbed wound exudate by crawling out from irregular wounds; interestingly, this crawling motion prevents damage to fragile tissues and alleviates wound pain via "non‐direct friction." More importantly, ASR switches different states in response to an alternating magnetic field owing to its magnetothermal properties, and this process also exerts synergistic antitumor and bacteriostatic effects. Due to the appropriate mechanical structure (cohesive force) of ASR, the content of magnetic nanoparticles required to drive the ASR is ten‐fold lower than that of conventional magnetic soft robots, enabling in vivo degradation. These outcomes highlight the vantage of the ASR for treating post‐tumor excision wounds and underscore their potential for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The randomly pivoted Cholesky algorithm (RPCholesky) computes a factorized rank‐k$k$ approximation of an N×N$N \times N$ positive‐semidefinite (psd) matrix. RPCholesky requires only (k+1)N$(k + 1)N$ entry evaluations and O(k2N)$\mathcal {O}(k^2 N)$ additional arithmetic operations, and it can be implemented with just a few lines of code. The method is particularly useful for approximating a kernel matrix. This paper offers a thorough new investigation of the empirical and theoretical behavior of this fundamental algorithm. For matrix approximation problems that arise in scientific machine learning, experiments show that RPCholesky matches or beats the performance of alternative algorithms. Moreover, RPCholesky provably returns low‐rank approximations that are nearly optimal. The simplicity, effectiveness, and robustness of RPCholesky strongly support its use in scientific computing and machine learning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolomics, leveraging techniques like NMR and MS, is crucial for understanding biochemical processes in pathophysiological states. This field, however, faces challenges in metabolite sensitivity, data complexity, and omics data integration. Recent machine learning advancements have enhanced data analysis and disease classification in metabolomics. This study explores machine learning integration with metabolomics to improve metabolite identification, data efficiency, and diagnostic methods. Using deep learning and traditional machine learning, it presents advancements in metabolic data analysis, including novel algorithms for accurate peak identification, robust disease classification from metabolic profiles, and improved metabolite annotation. It also highlights multiomics integration, demonstrating machine learning's potential in elucidating biological phenomena and advancing disease diagnostics. This work contributes significantly to metabolomics by merging it with machine learning, offering innovative solutions to analytical challenges and setting new standards for omics data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser spectroscopy offers a significant tool for revealing specific molecular details with the desired accuracy and sensitivity. However, it poses challenges to maintain high sensitivity when targeting a micro‐region. Here, a dual‐enhanced photothermal approach is presented using a high‐finesse fiber Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity, tailored for highly sensitive chemical sensing with nanoliter‐scale light–matter interaction. A spheric surface (diameter: 50 µm, radius of curvature: 910 µm) is created on the fiber tip using focused ion beam milling. By adding a high‐reflectivity dielectric coating to the spheric surface, a fiber F–P cavity is obtained with a length of 473 µm and a finesse exceeding 4000. The intra‐cavity pump light within the gas‐filled fiber cavity generates a strong photothermal effect upon gas absorption. This effect induces phase modulation, which is amplified and detected by coupling a probe laser to the fiber cavity‐based interferometer. A minimum detection limit of 10 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) of C2H2 at 1530.37 nm is demonstrated using only 1 mW of pump power, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 9.1×10−11 cm−1∙W∙Hz−1/2. This platform breaks the bottleneck of ultrasensitive gas detection with a very short light–matter interaction length, promising significant advancements in microscale chemical analysis through optical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quinoxaline scaffold occurs in many pharmaceuticals, natural products and organic materials. In this study, a Cu(II)/Rh(III)‐catalyzed regioselective annulation‐olefination sequence for the formation and modification of quinoxalines was developed using ethanol and water as the solvent, with relatively broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. This protocol has been successfully applied to the derivatization of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the derivatives exhibited enhanced antiproliferative activities against A‐2780 and HCT‐116 cell lines, underscoring their potential as promising lead compounds for ovarian cancer and colon cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Condylar erosion (CE) may indicate an active progressive stage of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), but no studies have analysed the characteristics of this population.This cross‐sectional study analysed the characteristics of TMJOA patients with CE.A total of 267 patients were included. The severity of CE of all joints was evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and scored using a four‐point rating scale (0–III). Patients were categorised into mild (grade I), moderate (grade II) and severe (grade III) groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics were summarised and stratified by age and erosion severity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed based on the assignment of the variables.The proportion of patients under 30 years old is much higher than other age groups. Compared to adults (≥ 20 years old), a higher proportion of adolescent patients (10–19 years old) choose orthodontics department for their first consultation (p < 0.01). And adolescent patients have a higher proportion of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) noise (p < 0.05) and a lower proportion of arthralgia (p < 0.001). Significant differences exist in CE severity between adolescents and adults (p < 0.001). The severe group had the youngest patients (p < 0.05) and the highest proportion of mandibular deviation and abnormal postural habits.Patients under 30 years of age constitute a significant proportion of TMJOA cases with CE. Compared to adults, adolescent patients have more severe CE and less arthralgia. Due to obvious dental and maxillofacial deformities and milder TMJ symptoms, adolescent patients may not be aware that they have TMJ disease, potentially leading to delayed treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive glycemic control is insufficient to reduce the risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus. While the hyperglycemic memory in the diabetic cardiomyopathy has been well documented, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study tried to investigate whether the dysregulated proteins/biological pathways, which persistently altered in diabetic hearts during normoglycemia, participate in the hyperglycemic memory. Methods: Hearts of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice, with or without intensive glycemic control using slow‐release insulin implants, were collected. Proteins from total heart samples and subcellular fractions were assessed by mass spectrometry, Western blotting, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. mRNA sequencing was used to determine whether the persistently altered proteins were regulated at the transcriptional or post‐transcriptional level. Results: Western blot validation of several proteins with high pathophysiological importance, including MYH7, HMGCS2, PDK4, and BDH1, indicated that mass spectrometry was able to qualitatively, but not quantitatively, reflect the fold changes of certain proteins in diabetes. Pathway analysis revealed that the peroxisome, PPAR pathway, and fatty acid metabolism could be efficiently rescued by glycemic control. However, dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species persisted even after normalization of hyperglycemia. Notably, mRNA sequencing revealed that dysregulated proteins in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway were not accompanied by coordinated changes in mRNA levels, indicating post‐transcriptional regulation. Moreover, literature review and bioinformatics analysis suggested that hyperglycemia‐induced persistent alterations of miRNAs targeted genes from the persistently dysregulated oxidative phosphorylation pathway, whereas, oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction‐induced ROS regulated miRNA expression, which thereby might sustained the dysregulation of miRNAs. Conclusions: Glycemic control cannot rescue hyperglycemia‐induced alterations of subcellular proteins in the diabetic heart, and persistently altered proteins are involved in multiple functional pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation. These findings might provide novel insights into hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion is one of the most basic forms of mechanical products, which directly determines the performance stability and function realization of products. In this paper, a reliability allocation method for mechanical products is proposed, which takes the meta‐action with motion characteristics as the allocation granularity unit, and fully considers the performance factors and failure correlation of the meta‐action. Firstly, the function‐motion‐action (FMA) decomposition method is used to establish the decomposition model of mechanical products to determine all the meta‐actions that realize the function of products. Secondly, four factors that affect the reliability of the meta‐action are introduced, namely sensitivity, severity, potential improvement, and dynamic performance, and the comprehensive allocation weight model of meta‐actions is established. Furthermore, to solve the deficiency of the traditional failure independence hypothesis, Copula theory is used to establish the reliability allocation model of the meta‐action system. Finally, a numerical control turntable is taken as an example to illustrate the applicability of the method. The results show that the reliability allocation value of the proposed method is significantly lower than that of the traditional method when the reliability index of the product is guaranteed, which provides theoretical guidance for the reliability design of mechanical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited oxidation stability of ether solvents has posed significant challenges for their applications in high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To tackle this issue, the prevailing strategy either adopts a high concentration of fluorinated salts or relies on highly fluorinated solvents, which will significantly increase the manufacturing cost and create severe environmental hazards. Herein, an alternative and sustainable salt engineering approach is proposed to enable the utilization of dilute electrolytes consisting of fluorine (F)‐free ethers in high‐voltage LMBs. The proposed 0.8 M electrolyte supports stable lithium plating‐stripping with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.47 % and effectively mitigates the metal dissolution, phase transition, and gas release issues of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode upon charging to high voltages. Consequently, the 4.5 V high‐loading Li||NCM 811 cell shows a capacity retention of 75.2 % after 300 cycles. Multimodal experimental characterizations coupled with theoretical investigations demonstrate that the boron‐containing salt plays a pivotal role in forming the passivation layers on both anode and cathode. The present simple and cost‐effective electrolyte design strategy offers a promising and alternative avenue for using commercially mature, environmentally benign, and low‐cost F‐free ethers in high‐voltage LMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and eco‐friendly dimethyl sulfoxide‐mediated solution aging (DMSA) treatment is presented to control the crystallization dynamics of methylammonium (MA)‐free wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite films, enhancing film quality, and morphology for high‐performance tandem solar cells. The comprehensive structural, morphological, and characterization analyses reveal that the DMSA treatment significantly enhances composition and morphology homogeneity while suppressing halide segregation. Consequently, opaque, and semi‐transparent MA‐free WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.28% and 17.61%, respectively. Notably, the unencapsulated DMSA‐treated devices maintain 95% of the initial PCE after 900 h of continuous operation at 55 °C ± 5 °C. Furthermore, stacking semi‐transparent DMSA‐treated PSCs as top cells in a 4T tandem configuration, along with silicon heterojunction (SHJ), lead–tin (Pb–Sn) alloyed PSCs, and organic photovoltaics (OPV) as bottom cells, yields impressive PCEs of 28.09%, 26.09%, and 25.28%, respectively, for the fabricated tandem cells. This innovative approach opens new avenues for enhancing the photo‐stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glutathione S‐transferase‐Pi 1 (GSTP1) is an isozyme that plays a key role in detoxification and antioxidative damage. It also confers resistance to tumor therapy. However, the specific role of GSTP1 in radiotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer (PC) is not known. In this study, we investigated how GSTP1 imparts radioresistance in PC. The findings of previous studies and this study revealed that ionizing radiation (IR) induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, primarily by upregulating the expression of ACSL4. Our results showed that after IR, GSTP1 prolonged the survival of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting ferroptosis but did not affect apoptosis. The expression of GSTP1 reduced cellular ferroptosis by decreasing the levels of ACSL4 and increasing the GSH content. These changes increase the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells and xenograft tumors to IR. Our findings indicate that ferroptosis participates in irradiation‐induced cell death and that GSTP1 prevents IR‐induced death of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing hazard risks, coordinating public agencies to address emerging threats has become a pressing challenge for public administration. However, little empirical research explores why some public organizations actively coordinate with others in preparation for future crises while others do not. The related research relies on correlation‐based approaches and generates inconclusive findings. To further extend current inquiry, this study takes a configurational approach and examines which configurations of organizational attributes—and environmental characteristics—lead to emergency preparedness coordination. A configurational model for emergency preparedness coordination is proposed along with three propositions. We conducted a large‐N fuzzy‐set QCA to examine U.S. public transit agencies' interorganizational coordination in preparation for the extreme weather events. Findings demonstrate that it is the configurations rather than individual attributes that are essential for active preparedness coordination. Both top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms can achieve active coordination and managerial commitment is a critical contingency factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has emerged as a global health threat and has rapidly spread worldwide. Significant changes in the lipid profile before and after COVID‐19 confirmed the significance of lipid metabolism in regulating the response to viral infection. Therefore, understanding the role of lipid metabolism may facilitate the development of new therapeutics for COVID‐19. Owing to their high sensitivity and accuracy, mass spectrometry (MS)‐based methods are widely used for rapidly identifying and quantifying of thousands of lipid species present in a small amount of sample. To enhance the capabilities of MS for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids, different platforms have been combined to cover a wide range of lipidomes with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Currently, MS‐based technologies are being established as efficient methods for discovering potential diagnostic biomarkers for COVID‐19 and related diseases. As the lipidome of the host cell is drastically affected by the viral replication process, investigating lipid profile alterations in patients with COVID‐19 and targeting lipid metabolism pathways are considered to be crucial steps in host‐directed drug targeting to develop better therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes various MS‐based strategies that have been developed for lipidomic analyzes and biomarker discoveries to combat COVID‐19 by integrating various other potential approaches using different human samples. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges in using MS technologies and future perspectives in terms of drug discovery and diagnosis of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical Mohr–Coulomb criterion has an extremely wide range of applications in the field of engineering geology, while it cannot accurately characterize rock failure under high confining stresses. Therefore, a nonlinear modification is implemented based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion for achieving wider usage in all stress environments. The cohesion and internal friction angle are firstly calculated by regression based on the triaxial experiments of diorite and other typical rocks in different confining stress ranges, and the variation modes of cohesion and internal friction angle are then formalized and integrated into the classical Mohr–Coulomb criterion. Using the experimental results of 435 triaxial compression tests in existing publications, the predictions of the modified criterion are compared with those of the previous nonlinear criteria, which show that the predicted values of the modified criterion are in good agreement with the measured strength. Compared with the previous nonlinear criteria, the modified criterion has a wider application range and always maintains a higher accuracy. Highlights: A modified nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb criterion is proposedThe accuracy of the proposed criterion is verified by 435 triaxial tests.The proposed criterion shows a higher accuracy than previous nonlinear criteria [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of bicyclic β, γ‐fused bicyclic γ‐ureasultams containing two consecutive chiral centers through an intramolecular Mannich and aza‐Michael addition cascade of alkenyl sulfamides. The straightforward practical procedure and readily available starting materials enable the synthesis of variously substituted ureasultams. In addition, bicyclic γ‐ureasultams is a class of potential biotin analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we used cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as the skeleton, Fe3O4@ZnO composite particles as magnetic synergist particles, 3‐(2‐aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (AS) and trimethoxy(octyl)silane (OTMS) as water‐based hydrophobic modifiers to prepare magnetic and superhydrophobic cellulose nanofibers based‐aerogel with low density and intricate three‐dimensional structure. Fe3O4@ZnO confers magnetic properties (3.82 emu/g) and exceptional thermal stability (water contact angle of 150.1° at 200 °C) to the system, while the combination with OTMS/AS endows the system superhydrophobic (157.5°) and excellent mechanical properties (stress of 96.95 kPa at 80% strain). It is worth noting that in the process of modifying the system with OTMS/AS, no organic solvents and acidic substances are used in the solution. Benefiting from their synergies, the system demonstrates a notable oil absorption capacity (12.31–41.91 g/g) and outstanding oil selectivity (exceeding 90%), driven by gravity alone. Interestingly, this system, marked by its cost‐effectiveness, simplicity, eco‐friendliness, and heightened efficiency, holds promising prospects for diverse applications in different oil–water separation behavior and purifying industrial oil wastewater, as well as oil flooding incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass‐derived hard carbon (HC) has emerged as a promising candidate for anode materials of potassium‐ion batteries because of low cost and abundant raw materials. Whereas, the large specific surface area and high porosity of this type of HC often lead to inferior initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unsatisfactory cycling stability. Herein, we report a coconut shell‐derived HC (CS‐HC) featuring an expanded interlayer spacing and small specific surface area. The CS‐HC delivers a reversible specific capacity of 280 mAh g−1 and an impressive ICE of 87.32 % at 50 mA g−1. In addition, it exhibits stable cycling performance (92.8 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1) and fast rate capability (∼280 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1). The ex situ Raman spectra characterization combined with cyclic voltammetry tests elucidate that the storage of potassium ions in the present HC is mainly achieved by (pseudo)capacitive behavior at the disordered defect sites along with minor contribution from the interlayer intercalation process. Finally, a full‐cell constructed with unprecycled CS‐HC anode and high‐voltage K2Mn[Fe(CN)]6 cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical stability and retains 90.6 % capacity after 100 cycles. This work reports a high‐performance HC anode material derived from low‐cost and sustainable biomass for practical potassium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the regulatory mechanisms facilitating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) specification during embryogenesis is important for the generation of HSCs in vitro. Megakaryocyte emerged from the yolk sac and produce platelets, which are involved in multiple biological processes, such as preventing hemorrhage. However, whether megakaryocytes regulate HSC development in the embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is unclear. Here, we use platelet factor 4 (PF4)-Cre;Rosa-tdTomato+ cells to report presence of megakaryocytes in the HSC developmental niche. Further, we use the PF4-Cre;Rosa-DTA (DTA) depletion model to reveal that megakaryocytes control HSC specification in the mouse embryos. Megakaryocyte deficiency blocks the generation and maturation of pre-HSCs and alters HSC activity at the AGM. Furthermore, megakaryocytes promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in a OP9-DL1 coculture system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies megakaryocytes positive for the cell surface marker CD226 as the subpopulation with highest potential in promoting the hemogenic fate of endothelial cells by secreting TNFSF14. In line, TNFSF14 treatment rescues hematopoietic cell function in megakaryocyte-depleted cocultures. Taken together, megakaryocytes promote production and maturation of pre-HSCs, acting as a critical microenvironmental control factor during embryonic hematopoiesis. Synopsis: The contribution of immune cells to the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during embryonic development remains unclear. Here, combined genetic and single-cell sequencing analyses reveal megakaryocytes as a critical niche component in the mouse embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region regulating HSC precursor generation. Megakaryocyte depletion reduces HSC activity in the AGM region. Megakaryocyte depletion decreases pre-HSC formation and maturation. CD226+ megakaryocytes most potently enhance HSC specification and promote endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition by secreting TNFSF14. TNFSF14 treatment rescues formation of hematopoietic cells in the megakaryocyte-deficient cocultures. CD226-positive megakaryocytes control hematopoietic stem cell specification in the developing mouse embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the persistent downscaling of integrated circuits, molybdenum (Mo) is currently considered a potential replacement for copper (Cu) as a material for metal interconnects. However, fabricating metal nanostructures with critical dimensions of the order of 10 nm and below is challenging. This is because the very high density of grain boundaries (GBs) results in highly non‐uniform surface profiles during direct wet etching. Moreover, wet etching of Mo with conventional aqueous solutions is problematic, as products of Mo oxidation have different solubility in water, which leads to increased surface roughness. Here, a process is shown for achieving a stable and uniform soluble surface layer of Mo oxide by wet oxidation with H2O2 dissolved in IPA at −20 °C. The oxide layer is then selectively dissolved, and by repeating the oxidation and dissolution multiple times, a uniform etch profile is demonstrated with a fine control over the metal recess. Ultimately, this presents a method of precise and uniform wet etching for Mo and other metals needed to fabricate complex nanostructures that are critical in developing next‐generation electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suicide and early alcohol use initiation are public health concerns. Previous studies have explored the associations between age of alcohol use initiation and suicidal behaviors, which progresses from ideation to action. Distinguishing between the various associations can help gain a deeper understanding of suicidal behaviors and aid in developing social suicide prevention strategies. Methods: The study utilized the Youth Risk Behavior Survey to investigate this association. A total of 17 209 students were finally included in the study. Conditional suicidal behaviors included no suicidal behavior (NS), suicidal ideation without a plan or attempt (SINPA), suicide plan without an attempt (SPNA) and suicide attempt (SA). Results: Among 17 209 students, the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt were 21.4%, 17.3%, and 11.1%, respectively. Moreover, 15.2% of the students used alcohol before age 13, whereas 31.7% of students used alcohol at age 13 or older. Compared to NS, students using alcohol showed significant associations with SA (OR = 2.34, p <.001; OR = 1.29, p <.01), SPNA (OR = 1.68, p <.001; OR = 1.19, p <.05) and SINPA (OR = 1.55, p <.001; OR = 1.40, p <.001). Comparing with SINPA and SNPA, students using alcohol before age 13 were associated with SA (OR = 1.61, p <.001; OR = 1.46, p <.001), whereas those using alcohol at or after the age 13 were not associated with SA (OR = 0.98, p >.05; OR = 1.09, p >.05). Discussion: This study demonstrated that early alcohol use initiation was significantly associated with suicide attempts among students with suicidal ideations or plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates that the housing market can incorporate information quickly instead of slowly over time, using Amazon's gradual revelation of its new headquarters locations in Virginia and New York. Spatial difference‐in‐differences analysis shows that housing prices near the Virginia headquarters exhibit 4.9%$4.9\%$ premia months before the decision, while price premia for New York reach 17.5%$17.5\%$ before the decision but disappear upon cancellation. The absence of significant effects on transaction volume, construction, or price premia for other finalist cities rules out the possibility of speculation. Overall, this study provides a counterpoint to the commonly held belief that the real estate market is always slow to respond to information about future demand shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) become a highly promising candidate for the large‐scale energy storage system by right of the high volumetric capacity, intrinsic safety and abundant resources of Mg anode. However, the uneven Mg stripping and large overpotential will cause a severe pitting perforation and the followed failure of Mg anode. Herein, we proposed a high‐performance binary Mg‐1 at% Gd alloy anode prepared by the melting and hot extrusion. The introduction of 1 at% Gd element can effectively reduce the Mg2+ diffusion energy barrier (0.34 eV) on alloy surface and induces the formation of a robust and low‐resistance electrolyte/anode interphase, thus enabling a uniform and fast Mg plating/stripping. As a result, the Mg‐1 at.% Gd anode displays a largely enhanced life of 220 h and a low overpotential of 213 mV at a high current density of 5.0 mA cm−2 with 2.5 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the assembled Mg‐1 at.% Gd//Mo6S8 full cell delivers a high rate performance (73.5 mAh g−1 at 5 C) and ultralong cycling stability of 8000 cycles at 5 C. This work brings new insights to design the new‐type and practical Mg alloy anodes for commercial RMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea is an important cash crop that is often consumed by chewing pests, resulting in reduced yields and economic losses. It is important to establish a method to quickly identify the degree of damage to tea plants caused by leaf‐eating insects and screen green control compounds. This study was performed through the combination of deep learning and targeted metabolomics, in vitro feeding experiment, enzymic analysis and transient genetic transformation. A small target damage detection model based on YOLOv5 with Transformer Prediction Head (TPH‐YOLOv5) algorithm for the tea canopy level was established. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of damage and the phenolic metabolites. A potential defensive compound, (‐)‐epicatechin‐3‐O‐caffeoate (EC‐CA), was screened. In vitro feeding experiments showed that compared with EC and epicatechin gallate, Ectropis grisescens exhibited more significant antifeeding against EC‐CA. In vitro enzymatic experiments showed that the hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (CsHCTs) recombinant protein has substrate promiscuity and can catalyze the synthesis of EC‐CA. Transient overexpression of CsHCTs in tea leaves effectively reduced the degree of damage to tea leaves. This study provides important reference values and application prospects for the effective monitoring of pests in tea gardens and screening of green chemical control substances. Summary statement: Based on deep learning and targeted metabolomics, a model was established and (‐)‐epicatechin‐3‐O‐caffeoate (EC‐CA) was screened to have the function of defense against chewing pests, and hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) was identified as a substrate promiscuity that could efficiently catalyze the synthesis of EC‐CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease of tooth‐supporting tissue and has become the leading cause of adult tooth loss. The most central pathological features of periodontitis are tissue damage and inflammatory reaction. As the energy metabolism center of eukaryotic cells, mitochondrion plays a notable role in various processes, such as cell function and inflammatory response. When the intracellular homeostasis of mitochondrion is disrupted, it can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and inability to generate adequate energy to maintain basic cellular biochemical reactions. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the initiation and development of periodontitis. The excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, imbalance of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial DNA damage can all affect the development and progression of periodontitis. Thus, targeted mitochondrial therapy is potentially promising in periodontitis treatment. In this review, we summarize the above mitochondrial mechanism in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and discuss some potential approaches that can exert therapeutic effects on periodontitis by modulating mitochondrial activity. The understanding and summary of mitochondrial dysfunction in periodontitis might provide new research directions for pathological intervention or treatment of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoke aggravates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, they show that benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke extract facilitates SARS‐CoV‐2 infection via upregulating angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Benzo[a]pyrene trans‐activates the promoters of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by upregulating nuclear receptor subfamily 4 A number 2 (NR4A2) and promoting its binding of NR4A2 to their promoters, which is independent of functional genetic polymorphisms in ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Benzo[a]pyrene increases the susceptibility of lung epithelial cells to SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoviruses and facilitates the infection of authentic Omicron BA.5 in primary human alveolar type II cells, lung organoids, and lung and testis of hamsters. Increased expression of Nr4a2, Ace2, and Tmprss2, as well as decreased methylation of CpG islands at the Nr4a2 promoter are observed in aged mice compared to their younger counterparts. NR4A2 knockdown or interferon‐λ2/λ3 stimulation downregulates the expression of NR4A2, ACE2, and TMPRSS2, thereby inhibiting the infection. In conclusion, benzo[a]pyrene enhances SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by boosting NR4A2‐induced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and provides prophylactic options for coronavirus disease 2019, particularly for the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage systems, various kinds of metal‐ion batteries have been developed in the past several decades, such as lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs), magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs), zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs), and aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Due to its open structure, large interlayer spacings, multiple valence states, and reversible structural variations, layered V2O5, including two polymorphs of single layered α‐V2O5 and double layered V2O5 ⋅ nH2O, has been reported as a universal electrode material for all kinds of metal‐ion batteries mentioned above. In this review, we aim to summarize and compare the structure evolution of α‐V2O5 and V2O5 ⋅ nH2O during the insertion/extraction of various kinds of metal‐ions. This short review is expected to be helpful to comprehensively understand the structure evolution mechanism of α‐V2O5 and V2O5 ⋅ nH2O reacting with different metallic charge carriers and inspire the development of new electrode materials for high‐performance metal‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current prospective risk assessment study evaluated the application of the Chinese translation of the Historical‐Clinical‐Risk Management‐20 Version 3 (HCR‐20V3) in a sample of 152 offenders with mental disorders and civil psychiatric patients. The ratings of the presence and relevance of risk factors were compared, as well as summary risk ratings (SRRs), both across offenders and civil psychiatric patients, and across male and female sub‐samples. Interrater reliability was consistently "excellent" for the presence and relevance of risk factors and for SRRs. Concurrent validity analyses indicated that HCR‐20V3 was strongly correlated with Violence Risk Scale (from r = 0.53 to 0.71). The results of predictive validity analyses provided strong support for the bivariate associations between the main indices of HCR‐20V3 and violence within 6 weeks, 7–24 weeks, and 6 months; SRRs added incrementally to both relevance and presence ratings across three follow‐up lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second cause of the neurodegenerative disorder, affecting over 6 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that population aging will cause global PD prevalence to double in the coming 30 years. Optimal management of PD shall start at diagnosis and requires both a timely and accurate method. Conventional PD diagnosis needs observations and clinical signs assessment, which are time‐consuming and low‐throughput. A lack of body fluid diagnostic biomarkers for PD has been a significant challenge, although substantial progress has been made in genetic and imaging marker development. Herein, a platform that noninvasively collects saliva metabolic fingerprinting (SMF) by nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry with high‐reproducibility and high‐throughput, using ultra‐small sample volume (down to 10 nL), is developed. Further, excellent diagnostic performance is achieved with an area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.8496 (95% CI: 0.7393–0.8625) by constructing deep learning model from 312 participants. In conclusion, an alternative solution is provided for the molecular diagnostics of PD with SMF and metabolic biomarker screening for therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test whether investors rationally react to rent news when pricing houses. Previous literature on house pricing uses aggregated housing price and rent data to estimate the rent news. We analytically demonstrate that using aggregated data biases the rationality test because it forces researchers to estimate the rent news using the cross‐project average dynamic relationship among the housing return, rent growth, and macroeconomic dynamics and, hence, misses the heterogeneity in the dynamic relationship. Our empirical tests using proprietary project‐level housing data from China's megacities find that the bias from missing the heterogeneity is economically substantial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Iron (Fe) is an indispensable trace mineral element for the normal growth of plants, and it is involved in different biological processes; Fe shortage in plants can induce chlorosis and yield loss. The objective of this research is to identify novel genes that participated in the regulation of Fe‐deficiency stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. A basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor (MYC1) was identified to be interacting with the FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT) using a yeast‐two‐hybrid assay. Transcript‐level analysis showed that there was a decrease in MYC1 expression in Arabidopsis to cope with Fe‐deficiency stress. Functional deficiency of MYC1 in Arabidopsis leads to an increase in Fe‐deficiency tolerance and Fe‐accumulation, whereas MYC1‐overexpressing plants have an enhanced sensitivity to Fe‐deficiency stress. Additionally, MYC1 inhibited the formation of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers, which suppressed the expressed level for Fe acquisition genes FRO2 and IRT1 during Fe‐deficiency stress. These results showed that MYC1 functions as a negative modulator of the Fe‐deficiency stress response by inhibiting the formation of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers, thereby suppressing the binding of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers to the promoters of FRO2 and IRT1 to modulate Fe intake during Fe‐deficiency stress. Overall, the findings of this study elucidated the role of MYC1 in coping with Fe‐deficiency stress, and provided potential targets for the developing of crop varieties resistant to Fe‐deficiency stress. Significance Statement: Increasing evidence supports a role for bHLH transcriptional family proteins in plant stress responses; however, their actions in response to Fe‐deficiency stress are poorly understood. Hereby we reported on MYC1, a gene belonging to the bHLH network, negatively modulates the Fe‐deficiency stress response by inhibiting the transcription of Fe acquisition genes during Fe‐deficiency stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have reported that the microvascular invasion three‐tiered grading (MiVI‐TTG) scheme is a better prognostic predictor than the two‐tiered microvascular invasion (MiVI) grading scheme in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to explore the prognostic significance of MiVI‐TTG in patients undergoing liver resection for combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC) and to explore the risk factors for MiVI in cHCC. Methods: This research included 208 patients graded as M0, M1, or M2 using the MiVI‐TTG scheme. Predictive performance was assessed by Cox regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier curve with Log rank test, Harrell's c‐index, and time‐dependent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (tdAUC). The clinical utility of the two schemes was evaluated by decision cure analysis (DCA). The risk factors for MiVI were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 208 cHCC patients, the proportions of M0, M1 and M2 were 38.9%, 36.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. Patients with severe MiVI status had worse recurrence‐free survival and overall survival (OS) based on Kaplan–Meier analysis. M1, M2, and MiVI‐positive were independent risk factors for early recurrence, while M2 and MiVI‐positive were associated with overall survival (OS). MiVI‐TTG had a larger c‐index, tdAUC, and net benefit rate than the two‐tiered MiVI grading scheme for predicting recurrence free survival and OS. AFP≥400 ng/ml was the independent risk factor for MiVI, and satellite nodules were independent risk factors for M2. Conclusions: MiVI‐TTG has a greater prognostic value than the two‐tiered MiVI grading scheme in patients undergoing hepatic resection for cHCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plant tannases (TAs) or tannin acyl hydrolases, a class of recently reported carboxylesterases in tannin‐rich plants, are involved in the degalloylation of two important groups of secondary metabolites: flavan‐3‐ol gallates and hydrolyzable tannins. In this paper, we have made new progress in studying the function of tea (Camellia sinensis) (Cs) TA—it is a hydrolase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo and promotes the synthesis of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan‐3‐ol gallates in plants. We studied the functions of CsTA through enzyme analysis, protein mass spectrometry, and metabolic analysis of genetically modified plants. Firstly, CsTA was found to be not only a hydrolase but also an acyltransferase. In the two‐step catalytic reaction where CsTA hydrolyzes the galloylated compounds epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate or 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐d‐glucose into their degalloylated forms, a long‐lived covalently bound Ser159‐linked galloyl–enzyme intermediate is also formed. Under nucleophilic attack, the galloyl group on the intermediate is transferred to the nucleophilic acyl acceptor (such as water, methanol, flavan‐3‐ols, and simple galloyl glucoses). Then, metabolic analysis suggested that transient overexpression of TAs in young strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits, young leaves of tea plants, and young leaves of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) actually increased the total contents of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan‐3‐ol gallates. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the promiscuous acyltransferase activity of plant TA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was undertaken to establish and validate a new wrinkle clinical assessment scale to measure Chinese Han women's validated lacrimal groove. Methods: Three clinical investigators asked to rate lacrimal groove wrinkles severity one each side for 30 photographic images from 15 subjects. Five‐grade rating scale has been used in this clinical assessment. Scale definitions was standardized by 6 researchers in visual and descriptive formats. Assessments were conducted independently and were repeated after 1 week. Results: For 30 photos from 15 subjects, test‐retest of three investigators analyzed by Spearman's correlation were between 0.967 and 0.993 (p < 0.001), and by ICC Cronbach's α were between 0.989 and 0.997 (p < 0.001); intraobserver agreement of three investigators analyzed by Spearman's correlation were between 0.652 and 0.897 (p < 0.001), and by ICC Cronbach's α were between 0.840 and 0.959 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This lacrimal groove wrinkles visual assessment scale is a valid and reliable instrument for quantitative assessment of China woman skin folds with inter‐ and intraobserver consistency. This assessment scale should prove a useful clinical tool by allowing objective and reproducible grading for assessing the effectiveness of lacrimal groove area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soundless cracking technique has been widely applied in the demolition of rock and concrete structures because of its cleaner advantages compared with conventional explosive methods. However, the correlations between fracturing processes and characteristics of soundless cracking demolition agents (SCDAs) and the optimal use of SCDA in improving the efficiency of demolition are still poorly documented. In this concern, this study develops a reliable numerical model verified by experimental data to investigate the optimal use of SCDA in fragmentations of concrete based on the extended finite element method. The simulated results reveal that the minimum hole diameter is 26 mm required to break the concrete cube of 150 mm, and the crack process can be divided into three phases of initiation, propagation, and coalescence according to the energy release rate. Moreover, the proposed method is employed in simulating the crack process of meter‐scale concrete blocks with two predrilled holes, and the optimal hole spacing of 350 mm is then determined. This study provides some insights for improving the efficiency of SCDA in the field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep soil water utilization allows plants to cope with drought stress. However, little is known about the roles of the understorey layers in driving spatio‐temporal variations of deep soil water in forests and how the patterns of deep soil water use among life‐forms contribute to community assembly processes.We assessed the spatio‐temporal patterns and determinants of deep water utilization of tree, shrub and herb layers in subtropical coniferous plantations and investigated associations between deep water use parameters and dominance and richness of understorey vegetation.We found that the understorey layer had a higher reliance on deep soil water in the dry season, a larger seasonal plasticity of deep soil water uptake, but lower spatial variability in deep soil water utilization than the tree layer. We showed that greater reliance of the tree layer on deep soil water was associated with decreased shrub layer diversity, whereas greater reliance of the shrub layer on deep water was associated with increased herb layer diversity.Synthesis. Our results highlight the roles of understorey layers in driving the temporal dynamics of deep soil water in forests and improve our understanding of how deep soil water use patterns among life‐forms shape community assembly in forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective laser melting of nickel‐titanium alloy (SLM‐NiTi) can precisely control the size of the sample molding structure and has attracted extensive attention due to its special superelasticity and shape memory effect. However, the biological inertness and poor corrosion resistance of SLM‐NiTi alloy limit their wide application as biomedical implant materials. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) coating was prepared on SLM‐NiTi alloy by dipping and pulling method, and the effects of alkali heat pretreatment on the morphology, adhesion, corrosion resistance, long‐term stability and biomineralisation of the PCL coatings were investigated. The results showed that PCL coating can substantially improve the performance of SLM‐NiTi alloy, and the PCL coating after alkali heat pretreatment has higher adhesion (increased from 1,747 to 2,498 mN) and lower corrosion current density (reduced by about an order of magnitude compared to PCL coating alone). In addition, the necessary stability, biomineralisation and biocompatibility ability of coatings were also further improved. Therefore, the alkali heat pretreated PCL‐coated SLM‐NiTi alloy has good application prospects in implants due to its superior properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rechargeability of contemporary lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is challenging at low temperatures, mainly due to the hurdles faced by graphite anodes. Herein, by exploiting the Li‐solvent co‐intercalation into graphite, its low‐temperature rechargeability is boosted. Experimental characterizations aided by theoretical calculations demonstrate that the co‐intercalation process is featured by low interfacial resistance with a small charge transfer activation energy (0.23 eV atom−1) and an extremely low diffusion energy barrier (0.09 eV atom−1) which leads to nearly temperature‐independent diffusion coefficients of the solvated Li‐ion in graphite, enabling graphite to be stably charged‐discharged at −60 °C with 73.7 % of its room‐temperature capacity. Consequently, the full‐cell consisting of a LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.2O2 cathode and a graphite anode shows impressive rechargeability under −60 °C. This work provides an alternative approach to develop low‐temperature rechargeable LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the thermoelectric (TE) performance of Bi2Te3‐based flexible films remains a huge challenge. Herein, high‐performance Ni/epoxy/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 magnetic flexible TE films are prepared by incorporating Ni nanoparticles (Ni‐NPs). Atomic‐resolution STEM investigation demonstrates that Te vacancies induced by the orientation reaction between Ni‐NPs and Te from Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 trigger the presence of negatively charged V‴Bi(V‴Sb) and Bi′Te(Sb′Te) anti‐site defects and atomic‐sized electric field in the magnetic flexible TE films and further cause the acceleration movement and hopping migration of carriers. The transport measurements indicate an increased carrier concentration due to the anti‐site defects, while the significant increase of carrier mobility originates from the acceleration movement of carriers. The magnetic scattering and hopping migration of carriers are responsible for maintaining large Seebeck coefficient. As compared to epoxy/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 flexible TE film, the maximum power factor of the magnetic flexible TE film with 0.1% Ni‐NPs reaches 2.74 mW m−1 K−2 at 300 K and increases by 61%, while the cooling temperature difference increases by 250%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new bio‐based epoxy resins and the search for new application areas have become important research directions for bio‐based epoxy resins. Using protocatechuic acid (PA) as a bio‐based raw material, brominated alkenes with different chain length were introduced into PA through substitution reaction, and then oxidized to obtain epoxy resins (PA‐EP) with different epoxy values. After that, it was introduced into epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether bisphenol A [DGEBA]) sizing agent to replace part of DGEBA to prepare new sizing agents. Sizing amount test and sizing CF surface morphology show that the introduction of PA‐EP with high‐epoxy value made it easier be adhered to carbon fiber (CF) surface during sizing process. Interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength of composite made of sizing CF (20 wt% PA‐EP‐3) were 56.86% and 30.29% improvement against the bare CF, which was attributed to the increase in surface energy and epoxy groups after CF sizing. Therefore, PA‐EP with high‐epoxy value was applied as sizing agent for improving interface performance of CF for the first time, and this application was less affected by its low‐output problem compared to its application as a matrix resin in the field of composite manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congestion pricing is one effective demand management strategy to alleviate traffic congestion. This work investigates pricing schemes for mixed traffic flow systems where the human-driven vehicles (HVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) coexist. The emerging and integration of autonomous vehicles can help improve the overall transportation efficiency and safety. Given the coexistence of HVs and AVs in the near future, there is need to adjust the existing traffic management strategies to adapt to the mixed traffic conditions. In this study, congestion pricing is imposed on the HVs and the AVs differently, that is, a distance-based toll to the HVs while a delay-based toll to the AVs. We consider six user groups based on the value of time (VOT) and the vehicle types. Compared with the unified distance-based toll, the advantage of delay-based toll is demonstrated first. Then, a surrogate-based optimization framework, namely the regressing Kriging (RK) model, is formulated. Three pricing schemes are investigated and compared: equity-oriented (EQ), environment friendliness-oriented (EN), and revenue-oriented (RE) schemes. Results show that the RE scheme collects the highest revenues; however, its cost-efficiency is weakened. The EQ scheme reduces the variance in the average travel costs among user groups, thus solving the equity issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the high specific surface area and lightweight, aerogels exhibit excellent adsorption capacity that can be tailored for the fabrication of high‐performance environmental purification materials. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is an abundant, bio‐based, low‐density one dimensional (1D) nanomaterials with high‐respect ratio. In this work, CNC is first chemically grafted with polyethylenimine (PEI) and further by β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), which is subsequently crosslinked by polyacrylamide (PAM) to prepare the composted aerogel (CNC‐PEI‐CD/PAM), and being endowed high‐adsorption capacity for methyl orange (MO) (155.93 mg g−1) and removal rate (97.46%). Our unique strategy overcomes the low graft efficiency of β‐CD directly onto CNC by connecting PEI. Besides, CNC‐PEI‐CD/PAM not only shows superior adsorption performance to methyl orange, attributing to the unique "selective" cavity structure of β‐CD and dense surface charge of PEI, but also displays the desired reusability. This material shows the huge potential in water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct‐synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low‐cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination‐engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power‐conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large‐area low‐cost optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roughness significantly affects the shear behavior of rock joints, which are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering. Since the existing calculation methods on the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) fail to obtain a sufficiently accurate value of JRC, a new determination method was proposed in this study, where the 3D laser scanning technique and self-compiled Python code, as well as the statistical parameter methods, were applied. Then, the shear strength of jointed rock was evaluated via Barton's model, and therefore, a comprehensive comparison between the calculating results and experimental results was executed. Ultimately, the influencing factors of roughness profile extraction on the accuracy of JRC value, such as the measuring point interval, profile number, and measuring direction, were investigated. The results show that (1) equipped with the 3D laser scanning technique, the roughness profiles can be accurately extracted via the self-compiled Python code, (2) an excellent consistency of shear strength could be observed between the calculating value and experimental results, verifying the validity and accuracy of the proposed method, and (3) a smaller measuring point interval can produce a more accurate digital profile and more accurate JRC value. To a certain extent, the more the sample numbers of profiles, the smaller the value of JRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]