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Allergic asthma, a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, poses a significant public health concern. It is well‐established that house dust mites (HDMs) are common inducers of allergic responses in individuals, particularly children. In central Taiwan, our research team observed that over 80% of allergic children exhibited sensitization to various HDMs species. This investigation aims to bridge the gap between these observations and a better understanding of the early fundamental mechanisms for preventing allergic diseases. Specifically, our study delves into the impact of crude extracts of HDMs on human epithelial BEAS‐2B cells. Our findings, based on RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis, shed light on how three major Dermatophagoides HDMs allergens activate a common Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway in human epithelial cells within a 4‐h treatment. During this process, the nuclear transcription factor NF‐κB translocated into the cell nucleus within 30 min of allergen stimulation, triggering the expression of pro‐inflammatory genes such as IL‐6 and IL‐8 over 4 h. Additionally, when the cells were treated with specific Dermatophagoides microceras (Der m) allergens, it resulted in the upregulation of genes that regulate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) signaling pathways. This led to the mediation of IL‐12A inflammation. Furthermore, there was an increase in gene sets associated with cilia function and the microtubule cytoskeleton in human epithelial cells after treatment with a combination of Der m allergens and Dexamethasone. Additionally, OMICs analysis was conducted to examine the effects of HDMs allergenic stimulation on human epidermal cells. We aimed to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms within cells and identify potential targets and natural products in the treatment of asthma caused by HDMs allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Filler injection is among the most popular nonsurgical aesthetic procedures worldwide. Though relatively noninvasive, filler injection can lead to severe vascular adverse events. Even though the incidence is rare, it may cause devastating and irreversible outcomes. A Swiss cheese model has been widely applied for risk analysis and management approach in medical field. Aims: In this review article, we adopt the Swiss cheese model and create a structured approach to prevent severe vascular complications caused by filler injections. Methods: We reviewed the current literature regarding the knowledge and techniques of preventing vascular adverse events in the filler injection. Results: We propose four structured strategies in this model to reduce the risk of severe vascular adverse events of filler injections, including clinical facial anatomy, safe filler injection principles, real time imaging and auxiliary instruments, and implication of checklist. Conclusion: This review provides clinicians a structured approach before and during the filler injection procedure to reduce the risk of vascular adverse events and improve its safety and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Policies, protocols and processes within organisations can facilitate or hinder guideline adoption. There is limited knowledge on the strategies used by organisations to disseminate and implement evidence‐based deprescribing guidelines or their impact. Methods: We aimed to develop an online survey targeting key organisations involved in deprescribing guideline endorsement, dissemination, modification or translation internationally. Survey questions were drafted, mirroring the six components of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE‐AIM) framework. Content validation was undertaken and established by a panel of clinicians, researchers and implementation experts. Results: A 52‐item survey underwent two rounds of content validation. The minimum threshold (I‐CVI > 0.78) for relevance and importance was met for 39 items (75%) in the first round and 44 of 48 items (92%) in the second round. The expert panel concluded that the adoption, implementation and effectiveness survey sections were largely relevant and important to this topic, whereas the reach and maintenance sections were harder to understand and may be less pertinent to the research question. Conclusions: A 44‐item survey investigating dissemination and implementation strategies for deprescribing guidelines has been developed and its content validated. Widespread survey distribution may identify effective strategies and inform dissemination and implementation planning for newly developed guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium nitrate is an attractive lithium additive in the construction of high‐performance lithium metal anodes with a Li3N‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. However, the eight‐electron transfer process induces high energy barriers between LiNO3 and Li3N. Herein, the inner Helmholtz plane is tuned on a Li deposition host to attain sluggish/rapid LiNO3 decomposition kinetics, resulting in different intermediate content distributions of Li species in the SEI. Notably, lithium oxynitride (LiNO) is identified as the decomposition intermediate, and experimental and simulation results confirm its role in obstructing LiNO3 decomposition. Moreover, the results reveal that the dipole–dipole interaction between LiNO and the polar V≡N bond can change the ionic/covalent character of the N═O bonds, considerably facilitating the energy transfer process of the N═O cleavage, and promoting a LiNO3 reduction to achieve a Li3N‐rich SEI. Consequently, when the electrolyte contains 0.37 m LiNO3, dendrite, and dead Li formation are suppressed effectively with the VN system, and an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 1000 cycles (1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2) can be attained. These results can promote the nitride oxidation break process and pave the way for fabricating high‐performance Li3N‐rich lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents damage assessment using a hierarchical transformer architecture (DAHiTrA), a novel deep‐learning model with hierarchical transformers to classify building damages based on satellite images in the aftermath of natural disasters. Satellite imagery provides real‐time and high‐coverage information and offers opportunities to inform large‐scale postdisaster building damage assessment, which is critical for rapid emergency response. In this work, a novel transformer‐based network is proposed for assessing building damage. This network leverages hierarchical spatial features of multiple resolutions and captures the temporal differences in the feature domain after applying a transformer encoder to the spatial features. The proposed network achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance when tested on a large‐scale disaster damage data set (xBD) for building localization and damage classification, as well as on LEVIR‐CD data set for change detection tasks. In addition, this work introduces a new high‐resolution satellite imagery data set, Ida‐BD (related to 2021 Hurricane Ida in Louisiana) for domain adaptation. Further, it demonstrates an approach of using this data set by adapting the model with limited fine‐tuning and hence applying the model to newly damaged areas with scarce data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) mainly adopt polytriarylamine (PTAA) for the hole transport material (HTM), which usually brings about inferior interfacial contact owing to their hydrophobicity, high‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, and deficiency of passivation groups. Herein, a series of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type small molecules is demonstrated based on 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (TPy) as the acceptor moiety, benzene ring as the π‐linker, and incorporating various donors to act as HTMs. These TPy‐based molecules coated atop PTAA manipulate the energy level and surface wettability, but the incorporation of the phenoxazine (POZ) donor can be prominent for enhancing charge transport and defect passivation, thereby simultaneously addressing the above‐mentioned issues. The highest power conversion efficiency of 22.36% can be achieved with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.15 V, a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 23.96 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 81.16% for the optimized POZ‐TPy‐modified device. Moreover, the power PCE of a large POZ‐TPy‐modified device (1.96 cm2) can still reach more than 21%. These results are among one of the highest efficiencies for inverted PSCs, indicating the enormous potential of POZ‐TPy HTM in future perovskite applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) with an ideal bandgap and good thermal stability has received wide attention and achieved a record efficiency of 26% in n–i–p (regular) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, imperfect FAPbI3 formation on the typical hole transport layer (HTL), high interfacial trap‐state density, and unfavorable energy alignment between the HTL and FAPbI3 result in the inferior photovoltaic performance of p–i–n (inverted) PSCs with FAPbI3 absorber. Herein, the α‐phase FAPbI3 is stabilized by constructing a buffer interface region between the NiOx HTL and FAPbI3, which not only diminishes NiOx/FAPbI3 interfacial reactions and defects but also facilitates carrier transport. Upon the construction of a buffer interface region, FAPbI3 inverted PSC exhibits a high‐power conversion efficiency of 23.56% (certified 22.58%) and excellent stability, retaining 90.7% of its initial efficiency after heating at 80 °C for 1000 h and 84.6% of the initial efficiency after operating at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 1100 h. Besides, as a light‐emitting diode device, the FAPbI3 inverted PSC can be directly lit with an external quantum efficiency of 1.36%. This study provides a unique and efficient strategy to advance the application of α‐phase FAPbI3 in inverted PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an energy harvesting technology from widespread mechanical energy based on the combined effects of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. TENG devices are promising to be integrated into human daily life and their stability in the ambient environment is quite crucial to guarantee robust output. This requirement is increasing exponentially for powering various wearable/portable electronics and still remains as a challenge. Herein, contact and separation mode‐based, humidity‐ and temperature‐resistant TENG (HT‐TENG) is fabricated utilizing ethylene vinyl acetate and polytetrafluoroethylene tape as frictional layers. By harvesting biomechanical energy, the device could generate peak‐to‐peak open circuit voltage of ≈210 V and short‐circuit current of ≈12.85 μA, respectively. The as‐fabricated device is tolerant to fluctuating relative humidity ranging from 10% to 60% and temperature ranging from 10 to 60 °C. Further, the device is shown to charge 22 and 47 μF commercial capacitors to 3 V using rectifier bridges, glowing light‐emitting diodes, powering digital wrist watches, and a calculator. Thus HT‐TENG as an efficient power source reliably operates not only in typical conditions, but also in desert and frigid environments, thereby extending the applicability and commercialization of the device in the global environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline water electrolysis provides a promising route for "green hydrogen" generation, where anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in coupling with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. To date, the development of highly active and durable OER catalysts based on earth‐abundant elements has drawn wide attention; nevertheless, their performance under high current densities (HCDs ≥1000 mA cm−2) has been less emphasized. This situation has seriously impeded large‐scale electrolysis industrialization. In this review, in order to provide a guideline for designing high‐performance OER electrocatalysts, the effects of HCD on catalytic performance involving electron transfer, mass transfer, and physical/chemical stability are summarized. Furthermore, the design principles were pointed out for obtaining efficient and robust OER electrocatalysts in light of recent progress of OER electrocatalysts working above 1000 mA cm−2. These include the aspects of developing self‐supported catalytic electrodes, enhancing intrinsic activity, enhancing the catalyst–support interaction, engineering surface wettability, and introducing protective layer. Finally, summaries and outlooks in achieving OER at industrially relevant HCDs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, it is shown how the novel layout and arrangement of electrodes of a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) array can simultaneously improve its high‐speed data transmission performance and the brightness of the output beam. In contrast to the layout of the traditional VCSEL array with its isolated mesas and a single electrode to electrical parallel arrangement of all active elements, the new inverse design can effectively reduce the pitch size between neighboring light emission apertures thereby allowing significant downscaling of the whole active area of the array and high brightness output. Moreover, there are two separate electrodes in demonstrated compact 7 × 7 VCSEL array, one for pure dc current injection and the other for large ac signal modulation. Compared with the single electrode reference device, the demonstrated array shows heavier dampening of the electrical–optical (E–O) frequency response, a wider maximum 3‐dB E–O bandwidth (17 vs 13 GHz), and a Gaussian‐like optical far‐field pattern with a higher brightness output (65.95 vs 40.8 kW cm−2 sr−1), under the same high output power (≈145 mW). The advantages of this novel VCSEL array lead to a much better quality of 32 Gbps eye‐opening with a higher brightness output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 14.6‐inch 202‐ppi rollable micro LED display was fabricated on flexible LTPS TFT backplanes. The tiny micro LEDs, those size are less than 30 um, were bonded on backplanes by flip‐chip soldering technologies. More than 11 million micro LEDs were transferred to achieve brightness of >1000 nits, contrast ratio of >1,000,000:1 and resolution of 2560xRGBx1440. We investigated the structure and mechanism to achieve the rollable capability for micro LED displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the interface between the perovskite and transport layers is an efficient approach to promote the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). Given decades of advances in bulk materials optimization, the performance of IPSCs has been pushed to its limits by interface engineering with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25% and excellent stability. Herein, an n‐type polymeric semiconducting material, PY‐IT, that has shown remarkable performance in organic photovoltaics, is introduced as an interface regulator between perovskite and ETL. Encouragingly, this polymerized small molecular acceptor (PSMA) exhibits significant effectiveness in both passivation defects and electron transfer facilitation properties with the merits of strong planarity and rotatable linkers, which significantly optimizes perovskite grain growth orientation and added charge transport channels. As a result, the PSMA‐treated IPSC devices obtain an optimal efficiency of 23.57% with a fill factor of 84%, among the highest efficiency among PSMA‐based IPSCs. Meanwhile, the photo‐stability of PSMA devices is eye‐catching, maintaining ≈80% of its initial PCE after 1000 h of simulated 1‐sun illumination under maximal power point tracking. This work combines the achievements of polymer science and IPSC device engineering to provide a new insight into interface regulation of efficient and stable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of VO2 flourishes due to its rich competing phases induced by slight stoichiometry variations. However, the vague mechanism of stoichiometry manipulation makes the precise phase engineering of VO2 still challenging. Here, stoichiometry manipulation of single‐crystal VO2 beams in liquid‐assisted growth is systematically studied. Contrary to previous experience, oxygen‐rich VO2 phases are abnormally synthesized under a reduced oxygen concentration, revealing the important function of liquid V2O5 precursor: It submerges VO2 crystals and stabilizes their stoichiometric phase (M1) by isolating them from the reactive atmosphere, while the uncovered crystals are oxidized by the growth atmosphere. By varying the thickness of liquid V2O5 precursor and thus the exposure time of VO2 to the atmosphere, various VO2 phases (M1, T, and M2) can be selectively stabilized. Furthermore, this liquid precursor‐guided growth can be used to spatially manages multiphase structures in single VO2 beams, enriching their deformation modes for actuation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For wide and safe applications of Li metal batteries, the suppression of Li dendrite growth during cycling is the most crucial yet challenging topic. In this work, an artificial protective interlayer of GO‐BQ@LiTFSI (GBL) is designed to overcome this issue. The GBL interlayer is prepared by incorporating graphene‐oxide sheets with a liquid organic eutectic mixture of 1,4‐benzoquinone and bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonamide lithium salt. With the exceptional merits of these functional materials, the incorporation endows the GBL interlayer with rich lithiophilic active sites, good ionic conductivity, superior thermal stability and compatibility with the electrolyte, and the precursor supply stations for the formation of a compact and LiF‐rich solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI). Consequently, the GBL effectively promotes the uniform nucleation of Li at low over‐potentials and regulates the Li‐ion flux, leading to the formation of planar Li metal. After utilizing the GBL interlayer in the Li||Li symmetric cells, high electrochemical stability for 600 h is achieved at a current density of 3 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 3 mAh cm−2. Remarkably, this modification enables Li||LiFePO4 full cells with 1600 cycles at 1C and a high‐capacity retention of 95.23% with a cathode mass loading of ≈6 mg cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely used to produce high quality 2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs). However, violent evaporation and large diffusivity discrepancy of metal and chalcogen precursors at elevated temperatures often result in poor regulation on X:M molar ratio (M = Mo, W etc.; X = S, Se, and Te), and thus it is rather challenging to achieve the desired products of 2D TMDCs. Here, a modified spatially confined strategy (MSCS) is utilized to suppress the rising S vapor concentration between two aspectant substrates, upon which the lateral/vertical growth of 2D WS2 can be selectively regulated via proper S:W zones correspond to greatly broadened time/growth windows. An S:W‐time (SW‐T) growth diagram was thus proposed as a mapping guide for the general understanding of CVD growth of 2D WS2 and the design of growth routes for the desired 2D WS2. Consequently, a comprehensive growth management of atomically thin WS2 is achieved, including the versatile controls of domain size, layer number, and lateral/vertical heterostructures (MoS2‐WS2). The lateral heterostructures show an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance. This study advances the substantial understanding to the growth kinetics and provides an effective MSCS protocol for growth design and management of 2D TMDCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bromotrimethylsilane‐promoted benzannulation of o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and alkynes to yield 1‐naphthyl aryl ketones is reported. The reaction conditions are mild, metal‐free, and do not require pretreatment/protection of the substrates. We found that aryl propargyl alcohols were very effective substrates for this reaction, compared with other alkynes. Studies on the reaction scope, monitoring the reaction progress by 1H NMR, and theoretical calculations suggest that isochromenylium (benzopyrilium) ion is the key reaction intermediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer‐derived exosomes are involved in the development of cancer cachexia. Carnosol, which exhibited ameliorating effects on cancer cachexia of C26 tumour‐bearing mice in our previous study, alleviated atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by exosomes of C26 tumour cells in the present study. MiR‐183‐5p was found to be rich in C26 cells and C26 exosomes, and miR‐183‐5p mimic could directly induce atrophy of C2C12 myotubes. Carnosol at 5 to 20 μM could dose‐dependently ameliorate the myotube atrophy induced by miR‐183‐5p. Four and a half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) was shown to be the direct target of miR‐183‐5p. Increase in myostatin, p‐Smad3, MuRF‐1, Atrogin‐1, HIF‐1α and p‐STAT3 and decrease in mitochondrial respiration were also induced by miR‐183‐5p mimic in C2C12 myotubes. Carnosol could not affect the decrease in FHL‐1 and the activation of STAT3 pathway but could significantly alleviate the increase in myostatin, p‐Smad3, MuRF‐1, Atrogin‐1 and the decrease in mitochondrial respiration induced by miR‐183‐5p. The protective effects of carnosol on myotubes against atrophy of C2C12 myotubes induced by miR‐183‐5p, based on both its inhibiting effects on MuRF‐1 and Atrogin‐1‐mediated protein degradation and its ability of keeping the mitochondrial respiration, might contribute to its ameliorating effects on cancer cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermal layer injuries can result in depressed or indented scars even when there is no subcutaneous injury. These scars can result from acne, chickenpox, trauma, or skin infection. Several procedures, including primary closure, subcision, microneedling, and dermal grafting, have been reported to be used to treat depressed scars, boxcars, or acne cosmetics. These procedures have not, however, been shown to be very effective when applied to the treatment of deep depressed scars, boxcars, or acne cosmetics. In this retrospective study, we assessed scar improvement in patients with deep depressed facial scars and boxcars treated with our novel combination of techniques. Methods: This study included all patients treated for deep depressed scars and boxcars at our clinic from 2018 to 2021. To be included, patients had to present in our clinic for the treatment of deep depressed scars or boxcars, have no prominent subcutaneous layer injury, and have full set of clear pre‐and post‐procedure photographs. All patients initially received technique combination including scar subcision, inner purse‐string suturing, and dermal grafting for the first stage surgery treatment. In cases of residual uneven superficial scars, laser dermabrasion resurfacing was used as second‐staged treatment. Preoperative and six‐month postoperative scar appearance photographs were assessed for improvement by our three nonmedical staff members and divided into four improvement groups, as minimal, moderate, good, and excellent. Results: This study included a total of 24 patients (20 females and four males) with facial scarring. Two patients (8.3%) had moderate, 13 (54.2%) good and nine (37.5%) excellent improvement post‐treatment. There were no instances of minimal improvement. Four patients received second stage laser dermabrasion resurfacing for residual uneven superficial scars. Conclusion: We concluded deep depressed scars and boxcars can be easily, safely, and effectively treated using our novel combined scar subcision, inner purse‐string suturing, and dermal grafting treatment with possible second‐staged laser dermabrasion, and without major complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐associated death, with a global 5‐year survival rate <20%. Early metastasis and recurrence remain major challenges for lung cancer treatment. The stemness property of cancer cells has been suggested to play a key role in cancer plasticity, metastasis and drug‐resistance, and is a potential target for drug development. In this study, we found that in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), BMI1 and MCL1 play crucial roles of cancer stemness including invasion, chemo‐resistance and tumour initiation. JNK signalling serves as a link between oncogenic pathway or genotoxicity to cancer stemness. The activation of JNK, either by mutant EGFR or chemotherapy agent, stabilized BMI1 and MCL1 proteins through suppressing the expression of E3‐ubiquitin ligase HUWE1. In lung cancer patient samples, high level of BMI1 is correlated with poor survival, and the expression of BMI1 is positively correlated with MCL1. A novel small‐molecule, BI‐44, was developed, which effectively suppressed BMI1/MCL1 expressions and inhibited tumour formation and progression in preclinical models. Targeting cancer stemness mediated by BMI1/MCL1 with BI‐44 provides the basis for a new therapeutic approach in NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magneto‐optical effect has been widely used in light modulation, optical sensing, and information storage. Recently discovered 2D van der Waals layered magnets are considered as promising platforms for investigating novel magneto‐optical phenomena and devices, due to the long‐range magnetic ordering down to atomically thin thickness, rich species, and tunable properties. However, majority 2D antiferromagnets suffer from low luminescence efficiency which hinders their magneto‐optical investigations and applications. This work uncovers strong light‐magnetic ordering interactions in 2D antiferromagnetic MnPS3 using a newly‐emerged near‐infrared photoluminescence (PL) mode far below its intrinsic bandgap. This ingap PL mode shows strong correlation with the Neel ordering and persists down to monolayer thickness. Combining the density‐functional theory (DFT), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), this work illustrates the origin of the PL mode and its correlation with Neel ordering, which can be attributed to the oxygen ion‐mediated states. Moreover, the PL strength can be further tuned and enhanced using ultraviolet‐ozone (UVO) treatment. The studies offer an effective approach to investigate light‐magnetic ordering interactions in 2D antiferromagnetic semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational construction of carbon‐based materials with high‐efficiency bifunctionality and low cost as the substitute of precious metal catalyst shows a highly practical value for rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) yet it still remains challenging. Herein, this study employs a simple mixing‐calcination strategy to fabricate a high‐performance bifunctional composite catalyst composed of N‐doped graphitic carbon encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@NrC). Benefiting from the core‐shell architectural and compositional advantages of favorable electronic configuration, more exposed active sites, sufficient electric conductivity, rich defects, and excellent charge transport, the optimal Co@NrC hybrid (Co@NrC‐0.3) presents outstanding catalytic activity and stability toward oxygen‐related electrochemical reactions (oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, i.e., ORR and OER), with a low potential gap of 0.766 V. Besides, the rechargeable liquid ZAB assembled with this hybrid electrocatalyst delivers a high peak power density of 168 mW cm−2, a small initial discharge‐charge potential gap of 0.45 V at 10 mA cm−2, and a good rate performance. Furthermore, a relatively large power density of 108 mW cm−2 is also obtained with the Co@NrC‐0.3‐based flexible solid‐state ZAB, which can well power LED lights. Such work offers insights in developing excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for both OER and ORR and highlights their potential applications in metal‐air batteries and other energy‐conversion/storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High crystallization and conductivity are always required for inorganic carrier transport materials for cheap and high‐performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). High temperature and external doping are inevitably introduced and thus greatly hamper the applications of inorganic materials for mass production of flexible and tandem devices. Here, an amorphous and dopant‐free inorganic material, Ni3+‐rich NiOx, is reported to be fabricated by a novel UV irradiation strategy, which is facile, easily scaled‐up, and energy‐saving because all the processing temperatures are below 82 ℃. The as‐prepared NiOx film shows highly improved conductivity and hole extraction ability. The rigid and flexible PSCs present the champion efficiencies of 22.45% and 19.7%, respectively. This work fills the gap of preparing metal oxide films at the temperature below 150 °C for inverted PSCs with the high efficiency of >22%. More importantly, this work upgrades the substantial understanding about inorganic materials to function well as efficient carrier transport layers without external doping and high crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible PI‐less micro‐LED display, 228 PPI, has been achieved by transferring the display devices from rigid glass to plastic. By forming this micro‐LED display on a mold with round edge and lowering the edge radius to 100um, a more cubic waterfall display is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Outcome predictors in myocarditis are not well defined; we aimed at identifying predictors of death, heart transplantation (HTx) and relapse before the introduction of immunosuppression. Methods and results: From 1992 to 2012, 466 consecutive patients (68% male, mean age 37 ± 17 years, single centre recruitment, median follow‐up 50 months) were included, of whom 216 had clinically suspected and 250 biopsy‐proven myocarditis. Serum anti‐heart (AHA) and anti‐intercalated disk (AIDA) autoantibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence. Univariable and multivariable analyses of clinical and diagnostic features at diagnosis were performed. Survival free from death or HTx at 10 years was 83% in the whole study population and was lower in biopsy‐proven versus clinically suspected myocarditis (76% vs. 94%, p < 0.001). Female gender (hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–6.5), fulminant presentation (HR 13.77, 95% CI 9.7–261.73), high‐titre organ‐specific AHA (HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2–14.7) and anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA) (HR 5.2, 95% CI 2.1–12.8) were independent predictors of death or HTx; higher echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at diagnosis was protective, with a 0.93‐fold risk reduction for each 1% LVEF increase (95% CI 0.89–0.96). History of myocarditis at diagnosis (HR 8.5, 95% CI 3.5–20.7) was an independent predictor of myocarditis relapse at follow‐up; older age was protective (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99). Predictors of death, HTx and relapse did not differ in biopsy‐proven versus clinically suspected myocarditis. Conclusions: Young age and a previous myocarditis were independent relapse predictors; female gender, fulminant onset, lower LVEF at presentation and high‐titre organ‐specific AHA and ANA were independent predictors of death and HTx, suggesting that autoimmune features predict worse prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive progress has been made on the application of organic semiconductors (OSCs) in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs); however, low reproducibility and poor stability of OSCs have limited their industrial applications. One potential strategy to overcome these limitations is to blend OSCs with insulating commodity polymers. The resultant bicomponent blends can be used to fabricate OFETs with low cost, high performance, and long‐time retention. In addition, insulator blending is also identified as a facile and effective approach to enhance the OSC properties, with some unexpected features even superior to neat OSCs. Herein, the present advances of OSCs/insulator blends in the OFET configuration are reviewed. The perspectives on the intrinsic properties of insulator blends, including morphology and trap elimination, are presented for the purpose of strategic device optimization. Accordingly, the effect of different insulator components on device performance is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress/strain engineering is believed to be an effective way to adjust the thermal conductivity of materials dynamically or as needed. Compared with bulk materials, micro‐/nanoscale structures can withstand greater stress/deformations that lead to evident changes in their thermal conductivity after undergoing stress/strain; this phenomenon has been predicted by theoretical simulations. Nevertheless, measuring the effective thermal conductivity of a single wire of a small size upon controllable bending angles has faced major challenges. Herein, a method using VO2 tag as a temperature indicator is developed to achieve the in situ quantitative measurement of the thermal conductivity of bent silicon microwires (MWs), where thermally insulated spider silk is used to adjust the position of the suspended end of wires for different bending angles. It is found that the thermal conductivity of Si wires increases and then decreases upon subsequent bending; it indicates that the thermal conductivity of MWs can be dynamically tuned by bending. Further studies reveal that the variation of thermal conductivity is reversible with small bending (elastic) and irreversible with large bending (plastic). With this setup, new thermophysical properties of materials are explored at small scales, and possible stress/strain‐gated thermal switches emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can develop a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to lung injury and multisystem organ dysfunction. The current treatment guideline recommends the use of corticosteroids in patients who require supplemental oxygen or are mechanically ventilated. This study reports a patient with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. Initially, the patient was treated with dexamethasone for 10 days and remdesivir for 5 days. There was clinical improvement following the treatments. However, on day 15, the patient experienced rebound pneumonia and clinical deterioration. His clinical condition improved until dexamethasone was re‐administered. This case demonstrates the rebound phenomenon after the steroid was discontinued. The duration and timing of steroids are crucial to reduce the risk of prolonged systemic inflammation and rebound pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a key step in tumor metastasis, occurs during surgical tumor resection, often performed under general anesthesia. Propofol is the commonly used anesthetic, but its effects on CTCs and tumor metastasis remain largely unknown. Propofol effects are investigated in an experimental metastasis model by injecting tumor cells and, subsequently, low‐ or standard‐dose propofol to nude mice through tail vein. Propofol‐ or vehicle‐treated tumor cells are also injected to the mice. An in vitro tumor cell–vascular endothelial cell adhesion assay, immunofluorescence, and other methods are employed to assess how propofol affects tumor cell adhesion and extension. Propofol induces more lung tumor metastasis in mice than control. Mechanistically, propofol enhances tumor cell adhesion and extension through GABAAR to downregulate TRIM21 expression, leading to upregulation of Src, a protein associated with cell adhesion. These results demonstrate that propofol may promote tumor metastasis through GABAAR–TRIM21–Src mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few articles have described the difference between epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and generalized verrucosis (GV). This study aimed to analyze the clinical findings and virology of the two diseases. The study enrolled patients diagnosed with EV and GV by clinical and histopathological findings. The demographic information, clinical manifestation, treatment, and therapeutic outcome were analyzed. All of the biopsy specimens of enrolled patients were sent for β‐human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection. A total of 13 cases were included in the present study, including five EV cases and eight GV cases. Legs and feet were significantly affected in GV cases (p = 0.035). All acquired EV cases had immunocompromised conditions, while only three GV cases could be identified as having an immunocompromised history. All EV cases were detected with β‐HPV infection, especially HPV5, but none of the GV cases were found to be infected with β‐HPV. The therapeutic response was refractory and often relapsed after discontinuation of treatment in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 9.4‐inch 228‐ppi full‐color micro‐LED display using the flexible low temperature polysilicon thin‐film transistor (LTPS‐TFT) backplane has been successfully developed. In order to solve the interconnection of tiny micro‐LEDs, those size are less than 30 μm, we introduced the flip‐chip soldering technology for high‐resolution flexible micro‐LED displays. Contrast ratio of >1,000,000:1 with a brightness of 700 nits was realized by the full‐color micro‐LED display with uniform brightness and color shift free at any off‐axis viewing angles. These supreme micro‐LED visual performances will provide a more comfortable user experience for high‐resolution flexible automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

9.4‐inch 228‐ppi full‐color micro LED display using the flexible LTPS‐TFT backplane has been successfully developed. In order to solve the interconnection of tiny micro LEDs, those size are less than 30um, we introduced the flip‐chip soldering technology for high resolution flexible micro LED displays. Contrast ratio of >1,000,000: 1 with brightness of 700 nits was realized by the full‐color micro LED display with uniform brightness and color shift free at any off‐axis viewing angles. These supreme micro LED visual performances will be provided more comfortable user experience for high resolution flexible automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single photons and entangled photons lie at the heart of photonic quantum technologies, whose optimal performances are normally reached when the purity of the single or entangled photons is high. However, the multiphoton emission, dissipation, and decoherence in practical realizations always lead to the degradation of the single‐ and entangled‐ photon quality. The purification of single or entangled photons is thus valuable to restore the quantum states and enhance the performance of quantum technologies. The applications of wavepacket shaping, an emerging quantum optics tool to manipulate the single‐ and entangled‐ photon wavefunctions, to purify single and entangled photons are reviewed. In particular, by modulating the single photons emitted from optically excited room‐temperature quantum dots, it is shown that the fast‐decaying multiphoton emission can be eliminated to obtain a low value of g(2)(0) that is independent of the excitation power. It is also shown that the two‐photon interference and polarization entanglement of the non‐degenerate biphotons from spontaneous parametric down‐conversion can be restored after modulating the biphotons with a periodic function. The works have potential applications in long‐distance quantum communication and linear optical quantum computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isolated high step‐up converter is proposed for renewable energy sources with low voltages, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells of solar energy and fuel cells of hydrogen energy, to achieve high voltage levels for series‐connection batteries and DC‐bus voltage sources. The proposed integrated boost‐forward‐flyback converter (IBFFC) is achieved by integrating a boost converter, a forward‐flyback converter and a voltage doubler. Moreover, an active‐clamp function is employed to recycle the energy of leakage inductance. An 800 W‐rated prototype has been implemented to verify the functionality of the presented converter; it offers an input voltage of 48 V and an output voltage of 400 V. In addition, the maximum efficiency is approximately 94%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming poses severe threats to agricultural production, including soybean. One of the major mechanisms for organisms to combat heat stress is through heat shock proteins (HSPs) that stabilize protein structures at above‐optimum temperatures, by assisting in the folding of nascent, misfolded, or unfolded proteins. The HSP40 subgroups, or the J‐domain proteins, functions as co‐chaperones. They capture proteins that require folding or refolding and pass them on to HSP70 for processing. In this study, we have identified a type‐I HSP40 gene in soybean, GmDNJ1, with high basal expression under normal growth conditions and also highly inducible under abiotic stresses, especially heat. Gmdnj1‐knockout mutants had diminished growth in normal conditions, and when under heat stress, exhibited more severe browning, reduced chlorophyll contents, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, and higher induction of heat stress‐responsive transcription factors and ROS‐scavenging enzyme‐encoding genes. Under both normal and heat‐stress conditions, the mutant lines accumulated more aggregated proteins involved in protein catabolism, sugar metabolism, and membrane transportation, in both roots and leaves. In summary, GmDNJ1 plays crucial roles in the overall plant growth and heat tolerance in soybean, probably through the surveillance of misfolded proteins for refolding to maintain the full capacity of cellular functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the electrical characteristics of a p‐type negative‐capacitance field‐effect transistor are investigated using an ultrathin 2.5 nm‐thick HfAlOx. The optimized performance exhibits a steep subthreshold slope of 35 mV dec−1, a negligible hysteresis of 4 mV, and a low off‐state current of 3 × 10−13 A μm−1. Appropriate aluminum doping into HfAlOx film can not only improve the leakage current but also stabilize the negative‐capacitance matching. The prominent improvement on the capacitance matching and ferroelectricity can be ascribed to the reduced defect traps and less dielectric crystalline phase during annealing, which is important for the practical application of energy‐efficient logic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porebski et al have demonstrated that in vitro cytotoxic-based assays, including granulysin and granzyme B, may be useful for the diagnosis of delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions.9 Moreover, a previous report also supported the diagnostic value of such assay in the diagnosis of SDRIFE.10 In conclusion, we reported the first case of levofloxacin-induced SDRIFE in which the causality was confirmed by a lymphocyte activation assay. Delayed type hypersensitivity, fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin, lymphocyte activation assay, SDRIFE, symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema Keywords: delayed type hypersensitivity; fluoroquinolones; levofloxacin; lymphocyte activation assay; SDRIFE; symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema EN delayed type hypersensitivity fluoroquinolones levofloxacin lymphocyte activation assay SDRIFE symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema 64 66 3 12/17/21 20220101 NES 220101 CASE REPORT A 50-year-old woman presented with multiple erythematous patches over her bilateral axillae and groins (Figure 1) lasting 3 days. [Extracted from the article]

Arecoline, a component of betel nuts, is a known carcinogen that causes oral cancers among those who chew betel nuts. Betel nut chewing is also associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the role of arecoline in this association is unclear. This in vitro study investigates the effects of arecoline on cultured human kidney (HK2) cells. We observed that arecoline had no effect on cell viability but increased cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose‐dependent decrease in E‐cadherin expression and dose‐dependent increases in N‐cadherin, vimentin, α‐SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose‐dependent increases in α‐SMA and collagen mRNA. Arecoline treatment upregulated the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase through epithelial mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in HK2 cells. These findings demonstrate that arecoline plays a role in inducing the epithelial mesenchymal transition and fibrogenesis in renal tubule cells and suggest that arecoline promotes the progression of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the Editor, A pronounced epicanthal fold is a common feature present in 50-90% of the Asian population; it will not only cause the eyes to look small but will also cause a deformity when a double eyelid blepharoplasty is performed, restricting the formation of a preferable outer-type double eyelid. By elevating the myocutaneous flap, the vertical skin shortage and tension on the upper eyelid can be corrected; this results in a tensionless medial canthus, which greatly affects the formation of postoperative scars. Currently, most explanations include uneven skin distribution, vertical skin shortage, degenerative fibrosis, and tension stress.6 Z-plasty has the advantage of significantly transferring the tension vector and is widely applied in the field of epicanthoplasty. [Extracted from the article]