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Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of cultured sugar/vinegar (CSV) blend and nisin to control the risk of Listeria monocytogenes in ready to cook (RTC) ravioli. Ravioli dough was prepared with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1% CSV blend and 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% nisin. Inoculated spinach or artichoke raviolis with 2.0 ± 0.5 log cfu/g of L. monocytogenes were packed aerobically or using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and then stored at 4, 10, 17, and 24 °C for 60 days. Growth kinetic parameters of the observed data fit well to the Baranyi equation. Ravioli with spinach filling materials yielded a higher risk than that with artichoke. L. monocytogenes was able to survive in ravioli with artichoke, but did not grow. The addition of 1% CSV blend or 0.3% nisin in spinach ravioli with the combination of MAP effectively controlled the growth of L. monocytogenes at the temperature below 10 °C. The organoleptic quality of spinach ravioli was not also affected by the application of 1% CSV blend. Therefore, the CSV blend can be recommended to improve the microbial safety and quality of natural RTC ravioli at retail market. Practical applications: The risk of ravioli was affected by the filling materials of ravioli at retail market. Addition of 1% cultured sugar/vinegar blend in dough substantially contributes to the extension of shelf‐life of MAP spinach raviolis. classification and regression tree analysis results indicate that refrigeration temperature is the main control factor to affect lag time and growth rate, while packaging method is critical for maximum population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from bacteriophage T4 is a homodimer consisting of 193-residue subunits. It has been crystallized in the presence of the cofactor (NADPH) and an inhibitor (aminopterin) at 296 K using sodium chloride as precipitant. The crystals are tetragonal, belonging to the space group P4122 (or P4322), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 61.14, c = 123.23 Å under cryogenic conditions. The asymmetric unit contains a single subunit, with a corresponding Vm of 2.65 Å3 Da-1 and a solvent content of 53.6%. Native data have been collected from a crystal to 1.9 Å resolution using synchrotron X-rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, [Pt(C3H2O4)(C7H16N2O2)], the Pt atom is coordinated to two O and two N atoms in a square-planar arrangement. The two independent mol­ecules, which have very similar structures, are approximately related by pseudo-twofold screw-axis symmetry. The six-membered chelate ring in the leaving ligand assumes a conformation intermediate between the half-chair and boat forms. The seven-membered ring in the carrier ligand assumes a twist-chair conformation and the oxolane ring assumes an envelope conformation. The crystal packing consists of extensive hydrogen-bonding networks which form two-dimensional molecular layers, and there are weak van der Waals interactions between these layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]