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The prevalent majority of foldable mobile phone products in the market are in the form of droplet shaped, which is formed by the combined action of the middle floating plate, the side floating plate, and the chassis of the hinge mechanism. This paper attempts to adjust the position of easy‐pull adhesive pasted on the side floating plate, the length of easy‐pull adhesive pasted on the chassis, and the raising height of the middle floating plate, aiming to reinforce the bending performance of the flexible module. Without changing the module stack and trajectory of the fixture plate, these modification strategies are effective and economical. The results displayed that by reasonable alteration, the cohesive peeling risk of OCA can be improved by 59.4% on average, and the EL peeling risk can be reduced by 31.6%. This research provides a potentially effective method to improve the bending performance of foldable module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the concept of crossed foldable display module is proposed as follows: there are two foldable axes, and the two foldable axes intersect vertically. In order to realize the crossed foldable display, it needs to be designed in terms of modules, hinges and so on, especially the module support layer in the intersection area. In this paper, the steps of structural design, numerical simulation and sample verification are used to obtain two kinds of support layers suitable for crossed foldable modules, which can be folded hundreds of thousands of times without failure in the whole module test verification, providing a new form for flexible display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the enhancement of back‐impact resistance in flexible OLED modules, a critical aspect for the durability of modern slim‐profile electronic devices. Under rear compressive forces, flexible OLED modules are prone to bending towards the glass cover, placing the outermost touch layer under significant tensile strain. The brittle nature of the inorganic film within the touch layer, coupled with its low fracture elongation, predisposes it to crack initiation under stress. This mechanical vulnerability can lead to catastrophic failure of the OLED functionality due to moisture and oxygen infiltration, manifesting as black spots on the display. Addressing this, we propose a dual‐faceted approach: optimizing stress distribution by the module design and enhancing the tensile strength of the touch layer's inorganic film, achieving a sixfold increase in the module's resistance to back compression. This paper outlines the experimental setup, finite element method (FEM) simulations, and the resultant implications for flexible OLED module design and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addition of trace Zn can impose notable effect on the deformation behavior of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy, while the underlying mechanisms have not been revealed. In the present work, Mg–8.5Gd–2.5Y–0.3Zr (wt%) (0Zn) and Mg–8.5Gd–2.5Y–0.5Zn–0.3Zr (wt%) (0.5Zn) alloys are fabricated by casting and extrusion, to obtain a bimodal microstructure containing fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains and coarse unDRXed grains. The as‐extruded 0Zn and 0.5Zn alloys are studied by in situ synchrotron diffraction under uniaxial tension and compression to clarify the effect of trace Zn on the deformation mechanisms. It is found that both alloys exhibit stress softening in the basal slip‐favored grains under both tension and compression, and adding trace Zn highly enhances the stress softening. Furthermore, the addition of Zn stimulates the occurrence of discontinuous yielding which is in connection with the stress softening, resulting from the interaction between basal dislocations and solute atmospheres. The tension–compression‐yielding symmetry of the alloy is improved by adding Zn, which is mainly attributed to the suppression effect of γ′ phases and Gd/Y–Zn dimers on tensile twinning. Finally, the addition of Zn can promote the tensile and compressive strength, owing to the strength enhancement of the relevant deformation modes and the increase of the fraction of unDRXed regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron beam welding (EBW), a high‐quality and precise joining process, is widely used in aerospace manufacturing. In this study, through in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) fatigue experiments and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technology, we revealed the fatigue crack initiation and propagation mechanism in GH4169 superalloy EBW joints under different post‐welding heat treatment conditions. The welded pores have a decisive effect on the fatigue properties of direct aging treatment welded joints. Fatigue cracks initiate from pore defects on the surface or in the subsurface. Due to the heterogeneous microstructure in weld seam, fatigue cracks tend to grow along the primary dendrite axis and secondary dendrite arms. Besides, in homogenization and aging treatment specimen, intergranular fatigue cracks tend to nucleate in the slip zone of large grains and twin boundaries. Although homogenization treatment can eliminate segregation, it also results in significant grain growth in both weld seam and base material. Highlights: Post‐welding heat‐treated affects fatigue crack initiation behavior of welded joint.Two main types fatigue crack initiation behaviors in DA heat‐treated welded joint.Fatigue short crack propagation tends to propagate along the dendrite axis.Fatigue crack in HA heat‐treated welded joint is mainly nucleated at twin boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a method for further improving the efficiency of top emission organic light‐emitting diodes (TE‐OLEDs) by phosphorescent sensitized fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PSF‐OLEDs) was provided. The maximum current efficiency (CE) of PSF‐OLEDs realized an improvement of nearly 40% compared with the phosphorescent device, which exhibited great potential in high‐efficiency OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foldable AMOLED panel are getting more attention due to portability and size extensibility. If there is a drop or collision impact during use, it is easy to cause panel crack or peeling, which has become a major problem affecting the development of foldable AMOLED panel. We designed the panel impact device and tested the anti‐impact energy and failure mode of the foldable AMOLED panel. Meanwhile, the stress process in the impact process is analyzed in detail based on finite element mechanics simulation. In addition, we also propose schemes to improve the anti‐impact performance of the foldable AMOLED panel through systematic anti‐impact experiments and simulation analysis, including increasing the bending stiffness of the foldable module and optimizing the pattern design of metal supporting material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AMOLED flexible display are becoming popular, but the waviness in the middle of the display screen has greatly affected the user experience. Waviness will become more visible with the usage time, which is still the main concern of foldable products in the display industry. But the middle crease has become one of the main reasons why the sales of folding mobile phones have not been popular as present, mainstream mobile phone and screen manufacturers are in the analysis stage of Waviness mechanism. Therefore, this article mainly analyzes the causes of waviness in the folding screen from multiple factors, and draws its main influence mechanism. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis and simulation results, the development direction of Film and OCA properties is proposed, which provides the possibility for the waviness‐free foldable AMOLED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tearing process of the display screen module assembly induces stress on the panel, potentially causing panel failure and having adverse effects on production yield. However, the tearing of the screen involves numerous influencing factors, and there is currently a lack of systematic investigations into the individual effects of these factors. This work focuses on the aperture position on the panel in the tearing process by finite element analysis, analyzing the influences of aperture size, tearing direction, and the modulus of polarizing film and back plate film. The improvement recommendations resulting from this analysis were implemented in practical production, and no instances of aperture issues attributed to tearing were observed in the production of around three thousand screen modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influenza A virus (IAV) relies on intricate and highly coordinated associations with host factors for efficient replication and transmission. Characterization of such factors holds great significance for development of anti‐IAV drugs. Our study identified protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a novel host factor indispensable for IAV replication. Silencing PRMT5 resulted in drastic repression of IAV replication. Our findings revealed that PRMT5 interacts with each protein component of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) and promotes arginine symmetric dimethylation of polymerase basic 2 (PB2). Overexpression of PRMT5 enhanced viral polymerase activity in a dose‐dependent manner, emphasizing its role in genome transcription and replication of IAV. Moreover, analysis of PB2 protein sequences across various subtypes of IAVs demonstrated the high conservation of potential RG motifs recognized by PRMT5. Overall, our study suggests that PRMT5 supports IAV replication by facilitating viral polymerase activity by interacting with PB2 and promoting its arginine symmetric dimethylation. This study deepens our understanding of how IAV manipulates host factors to facilitate its replication and highlights the great potential of PRMT5 to serve as an anti‐IAV therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology is an effective method to obtain digital elevation model (DEM) data. The bistatic InSAR configuration of the inclined‐geosynchronous (InGEO) transmitter with low earth orbit (LEO) receivers (InGEO‐LEO) is a novel InSAR system to acquire terrain information. This novel system is characterised with high resolution, wide swath and timeliness, but the Newton iterative method is time‐consuming to solve the bistatic InSAR equations for fast DEM generation. For the conventional LEO bistatic InSAR system, the closed‐form solution is an effective method to improve the efficiency of solving InSAR equations, which is invalid in the InGEO‐LEO InSAR system because of the significant geometry difference caused by the orbits of InGEO transmitter and LEO receivers. To address this issue, we analyse the bistatic InGEO‐LEO geometry in detail and exploit the bistatic InSAR equations to propose an approximate closed‐form solution (ACS) for the novel system. Compared with the general Newton iterative method, the ACS significantly improves the efficiency of geolocation for the bistatic InGEO‐LEO InSAR system with high precision. Simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effect of addition of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles on electrical treeing characteristics of epoxy resin (EP) at 30, 60, and 90°C, respectively. The electrical treeing and simultaneous partial discharge measurements, surface potential decay, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrograms and differential scanning calorimetry are adopted to analyze the influence of plasma‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles on the different insulation properties of EP and its composites. The results show that the high temperature adversely affects the electrical tree initiation, growth rate, and discharge activities of the EP nanocomposites. The DBD‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles increase the electrical tree initiation voltage of the EP nanocomposites compared to the nanocomposite with the untreated nano‐Al2O3 particles. In contrast, the electrical tree growth rate decreases in the EP nanocomposite with the DBD treated nano‐Al2O3 particles at high temperatures. It is found that DBD treated nanoparticles affect the trap density and energy level of the composites by generating new chemical bonds, and then change their electrical properties. A charge carrier transport model is proposed to explain the obtained experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concise pixel circuit with interleaved Emit signals is proposed for active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, on the basis of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon oxide (LTPO) TFTs. The oxide TFT can be re‐used for both initialization and threshold voltage extraction periods, using interleaved Emit signals of adjacent lines with overlapped waveforms. The proposed pixel circuit consists of 1 oxide TFT and 5 p‐type LTPS TFTs, while only 2~3 types of line‐by‐line scanning driving signals, i.e. the Emit signal and the Scan signal, are required. Implementation of the proposed pixel circuit shows that the occupation can be reduced to 40 μm × 56.7 μm. Furthermore, optimization of the pixel circuit shows the emission current error is less than 2.3% with threshold voltage variation of ± 0.5 V, while refresh rate from 1 to 120 Hz can achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the light output efficiency of OLED devices through micro lens is an important technological direction. Preparing high refractive index interfaces through inkjet printing is a mature production solution, but has limitations on screen borders. If high refractive index adhesive is used, it will also face limitations such as lower material refractive index and viscosity. In this paper, we propose a new micro lens structure to overcome the limitations of relative low refractive index of adhesive (n~1.6) and some problems encountered in the manufacturing process. Introducing a new low refractive index interface on the OC layer can expand the difference in refractive index, further improve efficiency, which does not require additional complex processes. This structure has good stability and can additionally improve the light output efficiency by about 5%, and it may become a potential technical improvement solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of voltage stabilizer and nanofiller addition on the insulation performance of the cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE). The test samples of XLPE/stabilizer blends consisting of 1 wt% m‐aminobenzoic acid, XLPE nanocomposites consisting of 0.5 wt% nano MgO and XLPE hybrid composite consisting of both voltage stabilizer and nanofillers were prepared. Various physicochemical and electrical properties were measured to analyze the performance of prepared samples. The obtained results show that the addition of nanofillers deteriorates the electrical insulation performance of the XLPE. On the other hand, the voltage stabilizer addition proves to be suitable for enhancing the electrical insulation performance of the XLPE. Meanwhile, the hybrid XLPE composites have shown medium behavior. The voltage stabilizer addition reduces, but the nanofillers increase the space charge density inside the XLPE compared to pure XLPE. It is also found that the dispersion of the voltage stabilizer in the material is uniform, whereas the nanofillers are aggregated. Furthermore, both additives slightly improve the thermal stability of the XLPE. The trap level theory based on quantum chemical calculation is proposed to explain the influence mechanism of the additives on the XLPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypoxia and ferroptosis are crucial in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and they both affect the immune status of the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies have also shown a link between hypoxia and ferroptosis. Patients and methods: In all, 814 HCC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used as the discovery cohort, and 230 HCC cases from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database were used as the validation cohort. Hypoxia subtypes and ferroptosis subtypes were identified by consensus cluster analysis according to 174 hypoxia‐related genes and 193 ferroptosis‐related genes. The prognostic signature was constructed using the Cox and LASSO regression analyses, and two risk groups were identified. A comprehensive analysis of the clinical and immune characteristics between the two risk groups was further performed. Results: Two hypoxia subtypes and two ferroptosis subtypes were distinguished and verified; subsequently, a five‐gene prognostic signature was constructed and the risk score could be acquired by the following formula: risk score = 0.0604*Expression (CA9)−0.0714*Expression (ANXA10) + 0.1501*Expression (CDC20)−0.0853*Expression (CYP7A1) + 0.0530*Expression (SPP1). Compared with the low‐risk group, the high‐risk group had a worse prognosis. The high‐risk group also showed a higher level of immune infiltration than the low‐risk group, and immune checkpoints were generally upregulated in the high‐risk group. The antigen presentation ability of the low‐risk group was poor, which may be related to the immune escape mechanism. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that the high‐ and low‐risk groups were sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs, respectively. Conclusion: The hypoxia‐, ferroptosis‐, and immune‐associated prognostic signature we constructed could stratify patients with HCC and guide precise treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the high‐temperature space charge dynamics of epoxy composites consisting of micro and nano‐AlN fillers under a high electric field. The test temperatures are selected for the space charge measurement based on the glass transition temperature. An indigenously designed pulse electro‐acoustic system measures the space charge distribution up to 150°C. The stepwise‐increasing field is applied to the test samples from 20 to 100 kV/mm at the rate of 20 kV/mm. The epoxy hybrid composites show negligible space charge accumulation at room temperature and low electric fields, which increases at high temperatures and high electric fields. The hybrid composite with 1 wt% nanoparticle has a dielectric breakdown at 100 and 150°C under 100 kV/mm with an evident amount of accumulated charges. In the hybrid composites with 3 and 5 wt% nanofillers, the breakdown is observed under 80 and 100 kV/mm, respectively, at 150°C. Notably, the micro‐nano filler addition significantly improves the thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin. The uniform dispersion of the fillers affects the electrical and thermal properties of the epoxy. The charge dynamics‐related mechanism is proposed on the basis of morphological characterization and thermal properties of epoxy and its composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Mountains harbour a rich and non‐random cluster of species, yet knowledge of the species' biological attributes that support their coexistence in the montane community is limited. Here, we investigated the association of species occurrence on the Tibetan Plateau with their morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints. Location: Tibetan Plateau (TP). Taxon Mammals and birds. Methods: We tested whether species occurrence on the TP correlates with morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints using the spatial distribution, phylogeny, dispersal ability and thermal niche property data for 1353 terrestrial vertebrates (383 mammals and 970 birds). We used standard (non‐phylogenetic) and phylogenetic logistic regressions to elucidate the relative contributions of these attributes of species to explaining their occurrence on the TP. We assessed the geographical patterns of the community structures on the TP and fitted linear mixed models to explore the underlying eco‐evolutionary forces. Results: The TP species exhibited a higher cold tolerance, wider thermal niche breadth and higher rate of niche evolution than non‐TP species. We supported the assumption that the TP species were not a random subset from the species pool, but were structured jointly by environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. While dispersal and ecological processes underlying species assemblages varied spatially and among taxa, we found that species in stressful environments were limited by environmental filtering, whereas dispersal limitation was more pronounced under favourable climatic conditions. Main conclusions: Our study finds that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shape the species assemblage on the TP. These findings provide significant insights into community assembly processes on the TP and other montane ecosystems on Earth, especially those that are sensitive to global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractional discrete coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations are solved on account of the modified Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative and Mittag–Leffler function. By using the fractional generalized Riccati method, generalized Mittag–Leffler function method and fractional generalized tanh–sech function method, some new analytical discrete solutions constructed by generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions are obtained, including discrete fractional bright soliton, dark soliton, combined soliton, and periodic solutions. In order to illustrate the effect of fractional order parameter on dynamics of fractional discrete soliton, some results in this study are illustrated graphically. Results indicate that although the combined wave is made up of singular coth function, it does not exhibit the singular property in the discrete case. Moreover, two kinds of scalar soliton solutions are found. These results could be of great significance to further study complex nonlinear discrete physical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents electrical and thermal properties of a novel type of micro‐nano hybrid composites to be potential for packaging. The micro‐nano hybrid composites contain 20 wt% of micro‐aluminium nitride (AlN) with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of nano‐AlN, respectively. Electrical measurement and thermal analysis are used to analyze the performances. The results show that the nano‐AlN in the hybrid composites can suppress the space charge accumulation near the cathode and facilitate the conversion of hetero charge into the homo‐charge accumulations near the anode. No apparent electric field distortion can be observed in the M20N3 sample, whereas it exhibits a minimum electrical conductivity and highest thermal conductivity amongst all samples. Furthermore, the nano‐filler addition can enhance the DC breakdown strength and the thermal stability of the hybrid composites. The thermal and electrical conduction mechanism of the micro and nano fillers in the hybrid composites is also elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effects of the filler type and testing temperature on the charge dynamics and thermal properties of the epoxy resin. The micro‐nano hybrid composites with different content of the micro and nano aluminum nitride (AlN) fillers are fabricated. The morphology of micro‐nano hybrid composites is characterized. Electrical testing and thermal analysis methods are adopted to analyze its electrical and thermal performance. The results show that the space charge accumulation is suppressed and the charge decay process is facilitated in the hybrid composites. The electrical performances of the hybrid composites are enhanced by the nano‐fillers. The apparent mobility and activation energy are decreased with nano‐AlN fillers in the composites at the high temperature. The glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the materials is improved with the nano‐AlN. A hypothetical mechanism is proposed to explain the charge carrier injection and transport of the composites at different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP) is being considered as a suitable alternative to the cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation as the latter is prone to the space charge accumulation when subjected to the voltage polarity reversals in line‐commutated converter high voltage direct current transmission. This novel contribution correlates the space charge accumulation with the trap distribution inside XLPE and PP under the polarity reversal condition. The pulse electro‐acoustic and surface potential decay methods are used to measure the space charge and trap distributions, respectively. These measurements are carried at different poling durations (1 and 6 h at each polarity) and cycles of voltage polarity reversal (one and three cycles) at the electric field of 60 kV/mm. The XLPE shows more homo and hetero charge accumulation than PP. Dominant shallow traps in the XLPE are responsible for the space charge accumulation, whereas deep traps with higher trap density inhibit space charge accumulation within the PP. Furthermore, the positive and negative threshold fields for the space charge accumulation are measured. It is observed that the space charge can be easily accumulated under the negative electric field. Interestingly, the space charge decays rapidly inside the XLPE with the increased number of polarity reversal cycle. A valid theoretical model is developed to explain the space charge accumulation inside the XLPE and PP. The field‐assisted ionization plays a key role in the space charge accumulation inside the XLPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, pixel circuit design method using low‐temperature poly‐silicon and oxides (LTPO) thin film transistors (TFTs) for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) are derived in detail. Through calculation and SPICE simulation of a typical 7TFT‐1C LTPO pixel circuit, the optimum value for the capacitor is selected as 0.1 pF for accurate VTH compensation and high resolution above 490 pixels per inch (PPI). Moreover, to reduce the relative current error rate to 3 %, the maximum allowable threshold voltage shift is limited within −0.98 V and 0.44 V for IGZO TFT, and within −0.3 V to 0.31 V for the driving TFT (LTPS). This research provides guidelines for AMOLED display development using LTPO TFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The a‐IGZO TFTs integrated gate driver circuit with inter‐frame memory module and isolated bootstrapping node structure is proposed for AMOLED display. The driver can provide progressive display signal, inter‐frame detection signal and standby detection signal. Compared with conventional ones, the proposed inter‐frame memory shows enhanced driving ability due to the introduce of voltage bootstrapping function. Besides, the proposed gate driver can tolerate larger threshold voltage variations (ΔVth) than the conventional circuit due to the isolated bootstrap node structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates a novel low‐temperature‐poly‐Si thin‐film transistors (LTPS TFTs) gate driver with tunable width for low‐grey level brightness adjustment of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. The width of output pulses can be tuned accordingly by changing the number of input pulses, to avoid changing the frequency, duty ratio, or increasing the numbers of the external clock‐lines. The proposed circuit still works well when outputting 10 ms pulse with leakage current above 1.45 nA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of nano‐aluminum nitride (nano‐AlN) on the thermal conductivity and dielectric performances of epoxy resin (EP) are investigated. The addition of nanoparticles in the materials is characterized. The trap characteristics of the samples are estimated using the surface potential decay (SPD) measurements at high temperatures. The results show that the nano‐AlN fillers are well dispersed in the nano‐AlN composites. The thermal conductivity consistently increases with an increase of the nano‐AlN content. The DC breakdown strength of the EP is enhanced with the addition of the nanoparticles as well, especially for the 0.5 and 1 wt% EP/AlN composites. The DC conductivity of the EP/AlN composites increases more obviously at the high temperature. The initial surface charge density of the samples with the same content of nano‐filler decreases with the increase of the temperature. Both the addition of nanoparticles and high temperature can improve the apparent carrier mobility of the EP sample. The trap density and trap level of the deep traps decreases with the increase of the temperature. It is postulated that shallow traps influence the voltage decay in the EP samples and increase the activation energy and the apparent carrier mobility of the specimens at the high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A (2 + 1)‐dimensional fractional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation is solved via fractional Riccati method and fractional bifunction method, and exact traveling wave solutions including soliton solution and combined soliton solutions are constructed based on Mittag–Leffler function. A series of fractional orders is used to demonstrate the graphical representation and physical interpretation of the resulting solutions. The role of the fractional order is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric nanocomposite insulations are receiving the widespread attention of the electrical cable industry. This paper presents the electrical insulation performance of as‐received commercial 320 kV high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE)/MgO nanocomposite material with reference to the pure XLPE. The results of this commercial‐grade electrical insulation material are not reported hitherto. The scanning electron microscopy confirms the well‐dispersed nanofiller inside the polymer matrix. The DC electrical insulation performance is investigated by DC breakdown strength, space charge, DC electrical conductivity, and surface potential decay measurements. The test samples are subjected to the thermal aging at 135°C for 30 days. The un‐aged nanocomposite exhibits 20% higher DC breakdown strength, negligible hetero space charge accumulation, and the lower DC conductivity by one order than the un‐aged pure XLPE. Moreover, thermally aged nanocomposite shows more restraint to the deterioration of its properties. After the thermal aging, the DC breakdown strength decreased by 38% and 20% in the pure XLPE and its nanocomposite, respectively. Thermally aged nanocomposite shows negligible hetero charges and an increase in the DC conductivity by one order. However, the pure XLPE shows higher hetero charge accumulation and the increased DC conductivity by one order. In un‐aged XLPE nanocomposite higher crystallinity, higher deep trap density, and the lower carbonyl index are found to be the primary attributes of its improved performance. It is postulated that these significantly unchanged attributes can be the reason for the better anti‐thermal aging properties of the XLPE nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major cause of cancer death, but the molecular mechanism for its development has not yet been well characterized. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes via their roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00324 in HCC through its interaction with Fas ligand (FasL). Initially, microarray‐based gene expression profiling of HCC was employed to identify differentially expressed genes. Next, the expression of LINC00324 in HCC tissues and liver cancer stem cell (LCSC) lines was examined using RT‐qPCR. Then, the interaction among LINC00324, PU box binding protein (PU.1) and FasL was identified with RIP, ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays. The effect of LINC00324 on viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis as well as the tumorigenesis of transfected cells was examined with gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments. LINC00324 and FasL were highly expressed in HCC. LINC00324 regulated FasL expression via interaction with PU.1. Silencing of LINC00324 or FasL suppressed expression of stemness‐related genes, cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, self‐renewal, and tumorigenesis, but enhanced cell apoptosis. Taken together, LINC00324 promotes the expression of FasL through the recruitment of PU.1, which ultimately maintains the biological properties of LCSCs, thus, highlighting LINC00324 as a promising therapeutic candidate for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to explore the role of the circular RNA circ‐TCF4.85 and its downstream target microRNA‐486‐5p (miR‐486‐5p) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Circ‐TCF4.85 was detected to be highly expressed in HCC tissues. Next, we found that silencing of circ‐TCF4.85 repressed HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while enhancing apoptosis. In addition, biotin‐coupled probe pull‐down and miRNA capture assays, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that circ‐TCF4.85 could bind to miR‐486‐5p. In rescue experiments, miR‐486‐5p had the potential to eliminate the tumor‐suppressive effects of circ‐TCF4.85 knockdown in HCC. Moreover, miR‐486‐5p was shown to target ABCF2 gene, which was positively regulated by circ‐TCF4.85. Finally, nude mice subcutaneously injected with si‐circ‐TCF4.85‐transfected HCC cells presented with inhibited xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Taken together, our results reveal that silencing of circ‐TCF4.85 suppresses HCC progression via miR‐486‐5p‐targeted inhibition of ABCF2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IGZO TFT has been widely used in flat‐panel displays and its good electrical characteristics are the key to make high‐performance products. This paper investigated the influence of Top‐Gate effect caused by drain overlap capacitance on the transfer characteristic and output characteristic of IGZO TFT (W/L=15.6um/8um) by experimental measurements and TCAD simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the properties of the L‐aspartic acid crystal structure under high pressure, we employed Raman spectra combined with vibrational mode assignments at pressures ranging from atmospheric pressure to 20.1 GPa. A comparison of the assignment of the vibration mode by density functional theory calculations and by isotopic shift measurements was also discussed. The spectra showed that modifications might be present mainly at pressures less than 10.0 GPa. Variations in the whole spectrum indicated that the crystal underwent three phase transitions at the pressure ranges of 2.2‐3.6, 5.2‐6.6, and 9.4‐10 GPa. A molecular conformational variation might occur at 14.3‐15.9 GPa. The behaviour of the wavenumber as a function of pressure was also presented. This work provides useful information on the hydrogen bonds within the stable monoclinic crystal structure of L‐aspartic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is demonstrated that novel back‐channel‐etch type oxide TFTs (InGaZnSnOx target material for oxide semiconductor) with below 10% threshold voltage uniformity, better stability and above 10cm2/V·s electron mobility in G4.5 factory. From etch‐stop type to back‐channel‐etch type, ultra‐high definition 15.6 inch notebook display with only 1.2mm left and right border has designed and manufactured for the first time by the way of singleside gate driver in panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We always pursue improved energetic performances such as high formation enthalpies, moderate sensitivities and stabilities for all energetic compounds. 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) is a very classic high‐energy explosive which has been applied in both military and civilian fields broadly, whose combustion properties can be enhanced by introducing hydrogen‐storage compounds such as Lithium amidoborane (LAB). Here we apply CPMD method to study how LAB affects a traditional nitramine explosive (RDX) in a simulated detonation. The theoretical results show there are abundant exothermic reactions caused by the introduction of LAB, which suggests hydrogen‐storage material is a prospective assistant ingredient for composite explosives. We apply CPMD method to study how LAB affects a traditional nitramine explosive (RDX) in a simulated detonation. Here we have observed 176 species and more than 200 elementary reactions in one unit cell. The main products are CO2, N2, NH3, H2O, N2O and NO. Compared with the decomposition of pure RDX, the entropy and the corresponding released energy are significantly improved for LAB‐RDX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique gate driver with novel 1‐to‐N architecture is proposed. It is achieved by sharing the inter‐stage transfer unit between adjacent N stages, resulting in the reduction of TFT number per stage to narrow the border. An embodiment is demonstrated within 5.5” FHD LCDs using ESL oxide TFT technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this work was to evaluate starch constitution and nutritional quality of several kinds of starch noodles by determining total starch, apparent amylose, soluble amylose, insoluble amylose, and crystal structure. The results indicated that Legumes starch noodles (Pea starch noodles and Mung bean starch noodles) have higher apparent amylose, insoluble amylose, and resistant starch (RS) than others and had lower eGI (estimated glycemic index) value (101.47 ∼ 102.8), Kudzu starch noodles has the highest rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content ( p < 0.05) and possessed the highest hydrolysis index (125.53). The eGI value has apparently negative correlation with RS content and insoluble amylose content. The results also showed that Legumes starch noodles owned lower eGI than other experimental subjects, which is more suitable for patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes, diabetes and cardiovascular disease to limited intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The NLRP3 inflammasome plays key roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, and purinergic receptor P2X7 has been proposed to be upstream of NLRP3 activation. The aim of the present study, using murine models, was to investigate whether the P2X7/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods MRL/ lpr mice were treated with the selective P2X7 antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG) for 8 weeks. Following treatment, the severity of renal lesions, production of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, rate of survival, activation of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 inflammasome pathway, and ratio of Th17 cells to Treg cells were evaluated. P2X7-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) was also used for in vivo intervention. Similar evaluations were carried out in NZM2328 mice, a model of LN in which the disease was accelerated by administration of adenovirus-expressing interferon-α (AdIFNα). Results Significant up-regulation of P2X7/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling molecules was detected in the kidneys of MLR/ lpr mice as compared with normal control mice. Blockade of P2X7 activation by BBG suppressed NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 assembly and the subsequent release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), resulting in a significant reduction in the severity of nephritis and circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies. The lifespan of the treated mice was significantly prolonged. BBG treatment reduced the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-17 and the Th17:Treg cell ratio. Similar results were obtained by specific siRNA silencing of P2X7 in vivo. The effectiveness of BBG treatment in modulating LN was confirmed in NZM2328 mice with AdIFNα-accelerated disease. Conclusion Activation of the P2X7 signaling pathway accelerates murine LN by activating the NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 inflammasome, resulting in increased IL-1β production and enhanced Th17 cell polarization. Thus, targeting of the P2X7/NLRP3 pathway should be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with lupus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An nc-TiO2/SnO2 inverse opal composite membrane was fabricated, the photo-activity of which was significantly enhanced by utilizing both slow photons and stop-band reflection of the photonic crystal layer. The materials of the photonic crystal layer must be transparent in the area of adsorption edge of the nc-TiO2, so that SnO2, having much greater electronic band gap than TiO2, was used for the materials of the photonic crystal layer. The photonic band-gap of the SnO2 photonic crystal was designed at the semiconductor band gap of TiO2 to harvest slow photons in the interface between the SnO2 layer and the TiO2 layer. The two layer structure makes it possible to couple the stop-band reflectivity of the photonic layer to the photocatalyst. Composite membranes can improve solar energy harvesting and substantially improve photocatalysts for photolysis and photochemical degradation of environmental pollutants. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildup and switching mechanisms of solitons in complex nonlinear systems are fundamentally important dynamical regimes. Using a novel strongly nonlinear optical system, including saturable absorber metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐253@Au and a polarization controller (PC), the work reveals a new buildup scenario for “soliton molecules (SMs)”, which includes a long‐duration stage dominated by the emergence of transient noise‐like pulses (NLPs) modes to withstand strong disturbances arising from “turbulence” and extreme nonlinearity in the optical cavity. The switching between SMs and NLPs is controlled by the cavity polarization state. The switching involves the spectral collapse, following spectral oscillations with a variable period, and self‐organization of NLPs, following energy overshoot. This switching mechanism applies to various patterns with single, paired, and clustered pulses. In the multi‐pulses stage, XPM (cross‐phase‐modulation)‐induced interactions between solitons facilitate a specific mode of energy exchange between them, proportional to interaction duration, ensuring pulse stability during and after state transitions. Systematic simulations reveal the effects of the PC's rotation angle and intra‐cavity nonlinearity on the periodic phase transitions between the different soliton states and accurately reproduce the experimentally observed buildup and switching mechanisms. These findings can enhance the fundamental study and points to potential uses in designing information encoding systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soliton pulsations are ubiquitous feature of non‐stationary soliton dynamics in mode‐locked lasers and many other physical systems. To overcome difficulties related to a huge amount of necessary computations and low efficiency of traditional numerical methods in modeling the evolution of non‐stationary solitons, a two‐parallel bidirectional long short‐term memory recurrent neural network (TP‐Bi_LSTM RNN) is proposed, with the main objective to predict dynamics of vector‐soliton pulsations (VSPs) in various complex states, whose real‐time dynamics is verified by experiments. For two examples, viz., single‐ and bi‐periodic VSPs, with period‐21 and a combination of period‐3 and period‐43, the prediction results are better than provided by direct simulations – namely, deviations produced by the TP‐Bi_LSTM RNN results are 36% and 18% less than those provided by the simulations, respectively. This means that predicted results provided by the neural network are better than numerical simulations. Moreover, the prediction results for unstable VSP state with period‐9 indicate that the optimization of training sets and the number of training iterations are particularly important for the predictability. Besides, the scheme of coded information storage based on the TP‐Bi_LSTM RNN, instead of actual pulse signals, is realized too. The findings offer new applications of deep learning to ultrafast optics and information storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocycles bearing medicinally important sulfur motifs are readily available with thiols or DMSO as the sulfurizing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The NLRP3 inflammasome plays key roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, and purinergic receptor P2X7 has been proposed to be upstream of NLRP3 activation. The aim of the present study, using murine models, was to investigate whether the P2X7 /NLRP3 inflammasome pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN)., Methods: MRL/lpr mice were treated with the selective P2X7 antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG) for 8 weeks. Following treatment, the severity of renal lesions, production of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, rate of survival, activation of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 inflammasome pathway, and ratio of Th17 cells to Treg cells were evaluated. P2X7 -targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) was also used for in vivo intervention. Similar evaluations were carried out in NZM2328 mice, a model of LN in which the disease was accelerated by administration of adenovirus-expressing interferon-α (AdIFNα)., Results: Significant up-regulation of P2X7 /NLRP3 inflammasome signaling molecules was detected in the kidneys of MLR/lpr mice as compared with normal control mice. Blockade of P2X7 activation by BBG suppressed NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 assembly and the subsequent release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), resulting in a significant reduction in the severity of nephritis and circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies. The lifespan of the treated mice was significantly prolonged. BBG treatment reduced the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-17 and the Th17:Treg cell ratio. Similar results were obtained by specific siRNA silencing of P2X7 in vivo. The effectiveness of BBG treatment in modulating LN was confirmed in NZM2328 mice with AdIFNα-accelerated disease., Conclusion: Activation of the P2X7 signaling pathway accelerates murine LN by activating the NLRP3/ASC/caspase 1 inflammasome, resulting in increased IL-1β production and enhanced Th17 cell polarization. Thus, targeting of the P2X7 /NLRP3 pathway should be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with lupus., (Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Rheumatology.)