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o‐Aminoazotoluene (OAT), capable of photoisomerization, and o‐vanillin, a potent comutagen, have been used to synthesize a new ligand, HL, [C6H4(CH3)N=NC6H3(CH3)N=CHC6H3(OH)(OCH3)], which, upon complexation with copper(II), results in a new copper(II) complex‐Cu(L)2, [Cu{C6H4(CH3)N=NC6H3(CH3)N=CHC6H3(OCH3)O}2]. Both HL and Cu(L)2 have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements along with other analytical techniques, for example, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. These compounds were tested with different in vitro anticancer assay as well as with in silico studies. A comparative study has been demonstrated on anticancer activity of HL and Cu(L)2 with the ligand HAZ, {C6H5N=NC6H4N=CHC6H3(OH)(OCH3)} and its Cu‐complex, [Cu(AZ)2, Cu{C6H5N=NC6H4N=CHC6H3(OCH3)O}2]. The sensing properties of HAZ, along with the synthesis and structural properties of both HAZ and Cu(AZ)2, have been reported by our group earlier. Cytotoxicity measurements on MCF7 cell lines show that Cu(L)2 and Cu(AZ)2 have higher anticancer activity than their corresponding ligands. The apoptotic effect of Cu‐complex was studied through nuclear fragmentation assay and AO/EB dual‐staining assay on MCF7 cell line. The IC50 value of Cu(L)2 in 0.01% DMSO/water after 24‐h treatment was found 4.2 μM, which is one of the lowest values with this response time compared to the other analogous anticancer compounds. Finally, we have evaluated the expression of hERα protein with respect to Cu‐complexes, and it was observed that Cu(L)2 caused more down‐regulation of hERα as compared to Cu(AZ)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Population-based cancer survival is a key indicator for assessing the effectiveness of cancer control by a health care system in a specific geographic area. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India, accounting for over one quarter of all female cancers. The objective of this study was to estimate the 5-year survival of female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2015 from the existing Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) in India. Methods: In total, 17,331 patients who had breast cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 from 11 PBCRs were followed until June 30, 2021. Active methods were used to track the vital status of registered breast cancer cases. The study conducted survival analysis by calculating the difference between the date of first diagnosis and the date of death or censoring to estimate observed survival and relative survival using the actuarial survival approach and the Ederer-II approach, respectively. Results: The 5-year age-standardized relative survival (95% confidence interval [CI]) of patients with breast cancer was 66.4% (95% CI, 65.5%-67.3%). Mizoram (74.9%; 95% CI, 68.1%-80.8%), Ahmedabad urban (72.7%; 95% CI, 70.3%-74.9%), Kollam (71.5%; 95% CI, 69.2%-73.6%), and Thiruvananthapuram (69.1%; 95% CI, 67.0%-71.2%) had higher survival rates than the national average. Conversely, Pasighat had the lowest survival rate (41.9%; 95% CI, 14.7%-68.6%). The 5-year observed survival rates for localized, regional, and distant metastasis in the pooled PBCRs were 81.0%, 65.5%, and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The overall disparity in survival rates was observed across 11 PBCRs, with lower survival rates reported in Manipur, Tripura, and Pasighat. Therefore, it is imperative to implement comprehensive cancer control strategies widely throughout the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumor cells go through morphological and gene expression alterations, including rearrangement of cytoskeleton proteins that promote invasion and metastasis. Microtubules form a major cytoskeleton component that plays a significant role in regulating multiple cellular activities and function depending on the presence of posttranslational modification (PTM). Acetylation is a type of PTM that generally occurs in the lysine 40 region of α‐tubulin and is known to be critically associated with cancer metastasis. Current evidence demonstrates that noncoding RNAs, such as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (or miRNA), which are correlated with gene regulation modulate the expression of acetylated tubulin in the development and metastasis of cancer. This review provides an overview about the role of lncRNA and miRNA in regulation of tubulin acetylation in various types of cancer. Significance statement: Tubulin acetylation is one of the primary factors contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. It is commonly observed in various cancers like breast cancer, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Through the different courses of cancer development, lncRNA and microRNA regulate the expression of this tubulin acetylation. In spite of a number of research studies reporting relationships of various lncRNAs and microRNAs with Tubulin acetylation, a comprehensive review highlighting their interrelationship has yet not been discussed. Understanding their association in depth will be beneficial in developing new treatments for cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phenylazo appended ortho‐vanillin Schiff base scaffold (HAZ) has been used for selective colorimetric sensing of Cu2+ in semi‐aqueous medium (methanol–water, 1:1, v/v) in the presence of 16 cations and 20 anions, and the limit of detection is 1.8 × 10−7 M. The structures of HAZ and Cu (II) complex, [Cu(AZ)2], have been characterised by spectroscopic data (UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance) and established by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction measurement. The Job's plot from the absorption studies has also confirmed the 1:2 stoichiometry of Cu2+:HAZ. The absorption spectrum of [Cu (AZ)2] has returned to the spectrum of HAZ on the addition of Na2EDTA solution which is again recovered upon the addition of Cu2+ solution. Discrete Fourier transform computations were carried out using the coordinates of the X‐ray structures of the compounds, and the molecular functions were used to correlate the solution spectroscopic properties. In addition to this, the probe is treated on MDA‐MB 231 breast cancer cells to check the cytotoxicity. The probe is used for the detection of trace quantity of Cu2+ in the cancer cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is an important cause of major morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy. We intend to estimate the incidence and study the risk factors and outcomes of patients who developed this dreaded complication. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. We included all patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at a specialized surgical unit of a single tertiary care cancer center in Northeast India. The period of study was from 23 April 2012 to 27 December 2019. The 2016 update on the definition of POPF by the International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula was used to define the complication. Chi‐square test and Fischer's exact test were applied to categorical variables. t‐test was used to quantify mean difference among continuous variables. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 59 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy during the study period with almost equal distribution among males and females (29 and 30 patients respectively). The mean age of the patients was 54.0 years (range 20–72). Grade A, B, and C pancreatic fistulas were seen in five (8.5%), three (5.1%), and two (3.4%) patients, respectively. Preoperative hyperbilirubinemia, pancreatic duct size ≤3 mm, hypoalbuminemia, preoperative biliary decompression, and prolonged duration of surgery were identified as risk factors for POPF. POPF also resulted in increased 90‐day mortality (20%). Conclusion: POPF remains a potentially life‐threatening complication of pancreaticoduodenectomies. The knowledge and management of modifiable risk factors for this condition may help in mitigating this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lymph node dissection in gastric cancer had been controversial, but recent data have led us to the conclusion that D‐2 dissection should be the standard of care for potentially curable advanced gastric carcinoma. In this study, we present our single‐institution experience of D‐2 lymph node dissection. Methods: From January 2013 to September 2018, 115 patients of gastric cancer were treated with D‐2 gastrectomy, 91 of whom met the criteria for study analysis. Data were statistically described as frequencies and percentages where appropriate. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression was used to assess the risk among groups. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: The majority of patients (86.8%) had Clavien‐Dindo grade I postoperative surgical complications; 90‐day mortality was seen in five (5.5%) patients. Patients with stages I, II, and III had survival rates of 100%, 71.4%; 53.2%, 44.4%; and 27.8%, 28.1%, respectively, for ages <55 and >55 years. Overall recurrence free survival rates were 26 and 28% for <55 years and >55 years, respectively, with a P value of 0.570. On multivariate analysis, positive distal margin and multivisceral resection had a statistically significant hazard ratio. Conclusions: This retrospective study conducted in our institute on patients with gastric cancer undergoing D‐2 lymphadenectomy has shown that the addition of D‐2 lymph node dissection, when performed at high‐volume centers, have acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. This can be seen from our grades of postoperative surgical complications, 90‐day mortality, and overall 5‐year survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the SAFT-VR+DE equation of state to describe 19 aqueous electrolyte solutions with both a fully dissociated and a partially dissociated model. The approach is found to predict thermodynamic properties such as the osmotic coefficient, water activity coefficient, and solution density, across different salt concentrations at room temperature and pressure in good agreement with experiment using only one or two fitted parameters. At higher temperatures and pressures, without any additional fitting, the theory is found to be in qualitative agreement with experimental mean ionic activities and osmotic coefficients. The behavior of the dielectric constant as a function of salt concentration is also reported for the first time using a statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT)-based equation of state. At high salt concentrations, the stronger electrostatic interactions between the ionic species due to the dielectric decrement, is captured through the inclusion of ion association. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3053-3072, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cell-cycle regulator Cyclin D1 is expressed in embryonic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and regulates their cell-cycle rate and neurogenic output. We report here that Cyclin D1 also has important functions in postnatal retinal histogenesis. Results: The initial production of Müller glia and bipolar cells was enhanced in Cyclin D1 knockout ( Ccnd1−/−) retinas. Despite a steeper than normal rate of depletion of the RPC population at embryonic ages, postnatal Ccnd1−/− retinas exhibited an extended window of proliferation, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis. Cyclin D3, normally confined to Müller glia, was prematurely expressed in Ccnd1−/− RPCs. However, Cyclin D3 did not compensate for Cyclin D1 in regulating cell-cycle kinetics or neurogenic output. Conclusions: The data presented in this study along with our previous finding that Cyclin D2 was unable to completely compensate for the absence of Cyclin D1 indicate that Cyclin D1 regulates retinal histogenesis in ways not shared by the other D-cyclins. Developmental Dynamics 241:941-952, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]