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Purpose: To identify temporal patterns of emergency dispatches as initiated by Veteran Crisis Line (VCL) responders and among moderate‐ and high‐risk contacts. Methods: Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were used to examine the incidence of emergency dispatches among all 1,437,543 VCL contacts across 2019–2020. Results: Emergency dispatches were initiated in 57,077 (4.0%) contacts. IRRs were elevated during Labor Day, IRR (95% CI) = 1.33 (1.15–1.54), and Independence Day, IRR (95% CI) = 1.22 (1.05–1.43), weekends, Saturdays, IRR (95% CI) = 1.04 (1.01–1.08), Sunday (reference), and 6 pm to 11:59 pm, IRR (95% CI) = 1.06 (1.04–1.09). IRRs for moderate‐ and high‐risk contacts were higher on Memorial Day, IRR (95% CI) = 1.16 (1.00–1.33), Sunday (reference), and 6 pm to 11:59 pm (reference). Conclusions: The initiation of emergency dispatches fluctuates over time and were highest during Labor Day and Independence Day, weekends, and evenings. Moderate‐ and high‐risk contact also fluctuate over time and were highest on Memorial Day, Sundays, and midnight to 5:59 am. VCL policy makers can use knowledge of temporal fluctuations to allocate public health resources for increased efficiency and greatest impact; however, additional research on temporal stability and generalizability is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 295 veterans who died by suicide in 2009 across 11 states and received Veterans Affairs (VA) health care in the 6 months prior to death were identified. The suicide risk factors documented and the care received at these veterans' last VA contacts are described, and the study explores whether veterans present differently to VA care (i.e., different risk factors documented or different care settings accessed) based on the proximity of their last contact to suicide. Many veterans were seen in primary care (n = 136; 46%) for routine follow-up (n = 168; 57%). Fifty-three (18%) were assessed for suicidal thoughts; 20 (38%) of whom endorsed such thoughts. Although higher frequencies of some risk factors at last contacts more proximal to suicide compared to those more distal were observed, findings overall highlight the challenges clinicians face detecting enhanced risk prior to suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to understand Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom ( OEF/ OIF) veterans' experiences with suicidal ideation. Semi-structured interviews with 34 OEF/ OIF veterans addressed circumstances leading up to disclosure of suicidal ideation during brief clinical assessments. We used an iterative, inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach. Results revealed three pervasive, persistent domains that reinforce the uniqueness of veteran suicidal thoughts: military culture, difficult deployment experiences, and postdeployment adjustment challenges. Within postdeployment, we identified four themes that serve as intervention targets: adjusting to civilian culture, changes to sense of self, feeling overwhelmed by stressors, and lacking life purpose or meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oregon Violent Death Reporting System data were linked with Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data to identify and describe veterans who completed suicide in Oregon from 2000 to 2005 ( n = 968), and to describe their VA health care utilization in the year prior to death. Twenty-two percent had received health care in the VA system. Of these, 57% did not have mental health diagnoses and 58% had not seen mental health professionals. A larger proportion of those who accessed care were VA-enrolled and received service-connected disability benefits. Fifty-five veterans were hospitalized during the year prior to death. Of these, 33% completed suicide within 30 days of a hospitalization. Further development of suicide prevention strategies for veterans in the community, including general medical treatment settings, is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To inform measure selection when examining gender differences in suicide risk, this paper evaluates measure performance for a set of gender‐relevant constructs and examines gender differences in mean scores. Methods: A national sample of veterans (n = 968) who had recently attempted suicide (past 6 months) completed measures assessing life experience‐, psychosocial‐, and health‐related constructs. A multigroup latent variable model was used to assess similarity of measurement properties between women and men. Results: Metric and scalar invariance indicated that the latent variables functioned similarly between women and men. Women had higher scores on negative coping, institutional betrayal, and social rejection; men had higher scores on self‐compassion, autonomy, and suicide ideation. Conclusions: Measurement properties and gender differences in mean values support the use of these measures for research on gender differences. Findings also suggest further investigation of social rejection, institutional betrayal, and negative coping among women veterans at risk for suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 'Hope Box' is a therapeutic tool employed by clinicians with patients who are having difficulty coping with negative thoughts and stress, including patients who may be at risk of suicide or nonsuicidal self-harm. We conducted a proof-of-concept test of a 'Virtual' Hope Box ( VHB)-a smartphone app that delivers patient-tailored coping tools. Compared with a conventional hope box integrated into VA behavioral health treatment, high-risk patients and their clinicians used the VHB more regularly and found the VHB beneficial, useful, easy to set up, and said they were likely to use the VHB in the future and recommend the VHB to peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]