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Background: The purpose of this systematic review (SR) is to gather evidence on the use of machine learning (ML) models in the diagnosis of intraosseous lesions in gnathic bones and to analyze the reliability, impact, and usefulness of such models. This SR was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2022 guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022379298). Methods: The acronym PICOS was used to structure the inquiry‐focused review question "Is Artificial Intelligence reliable for the diagnosis of intraosseous lesions in gnathic bones?" The literature search was conducted in various electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs, IEEE Xplore, and Gray Literature (Google Scholar and ProQuest). Risk of bias assessment was performed using PROBAST, and the results were synthesized by considering the task and sampling strategy of the dataset. Results: Twenty‐six studies were included (21 146 radiographic images). Ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, and periapical cysts were the most frequently investigated lesions. According to TRIPOD, most studies were classified as type 2 (randomly divided). The F1 score was presented in only 13 studies, which provided the metrics for 20 trials, with a mean of 0.71 (±0.25). Conclusion: There is no conclusive evidence to support the usefulness of ML‐based models in the detection, segmentation, and classification of intraosseous lesions in gnathic bones for routine clinical application. The lack of detail about data sampling, the lack of a comprehensive set of metrics for training and validation, and the absence of external testing limit experiments and hinder proper evaluation of model performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a relatively uncommon cyst of odontogenic origin, occurring in the second decade of life, with no jaw predilection. Radiographically, it typically appears as a well‐defined unilocular radiolucency containing irregular calcifications of varying size and opacity. Treatment consists of conservative surgical excisions with low recurrence rates. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare case of late COC recurrence and review the pertinent literature. A 42‐year‐old female patient presented for evaluation of a painless swelling in the palate, which had been present for 5 years with a gradual, slow increase in dimensions. Twenty years before, a lesion at the same site was surgically excised with a diagnosis of COC. Clinical examination revealed a hard‐in‐consistency swelling in the anterior segment of the hard palate. Radiographically, a radiopaque lesion with an irregular outline was noticed in the left palate adjacent to the left maxillary canine and first premolar, along with a well‐defined radiolucent lesion between the maxillary central incisors. Both lesions were surgically excised, and histopathological examination revealed that the main lesion in the left palate was consistent with recurrent COC, while the lesion between the central incisors was compatible with a nasopalatine duct cyst. Even though the recurrence rate of COC is low, estimated at 3.4% based on our review of the relevant English‐language literature, the current case highlights the possibility of a late recurrence, even several years after the initial diagnosis and treatment, and therefore the need for long‐term follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a paucity of studies evaluating the preservation and recovery vitality of teeth associated with cystic lesions in the jaws. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the use of the marsupialization treatment method in the large cystic lesions of the jaws associated within involved teeth would save the pulp vitality. Materials and methods: It was a cohort study of patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from April 2019 to April 2023. Patients with primary cystic lesions associated teeth, with a cyst diameter of >3.4 cm, along with dental root resorption of less than half the root length, and treated by marsupialization were included. Patient age, gender, location, associated teeth, size, management, dental pulp vitality before and after marsupialization, and the duration of treatment were evaluated. Pulp vitality of involved teeth was assessed with electrical pulp tester. Predictor Variable: It was the treatment method. Main Outcome Variable(s): The primary outcome variable was the recovery or preservation of pulp vitality. Covariates: The study variables were demographic, clinical features of the cysts, clinical features of associated teeth, and treatment method. Analyses: Categorical data were presented in mean with standard deviation, and set the level of statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: The sample included 73 patients with large cystic lesions; 47 (64.4%) were male and 26 (35.6%) were female. The age range was 9 to 68 years (mean ± standard deviation, 22.4 ± 4). The 73 patients had 305 teeth associated with large cystic lesions. Of these dentitions, 85.9% of teeth had normal pulp vitality and 14.1% were negative before marsupialization. Following marsupialization, preservation of pulp vitality was noted in 61.3% and 18.0% of teeth lost their vitality. Of those without normal dental pulp vitality, 70.9% of teeth recovered their vitality of which 46.5% had recovered their vitality 9 to 12 months following marsupialization. Conclusion: Marsupialization followed by second surgery maybe a treatment option for preserving and recovering the pulp vitality of teeth associated with large cystic jaw lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the indication of the endodontic treatment for vital intact teeth with the root apex involved in large radicular cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Methodology: This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy participants with radicular cysts of endodontic origin and with the root apex of vital intact teeth involved in the bone defect, as determined by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty‐two sound vital teeth were analysed by thermal (TPT) and electric pulp tests (EPT) before surgery (T0) and 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) post‐surgery. Student's t‐test (p <.05) was used to compare the EPT values at baseline and T4. anova (p <.05) was used to analyse the EPT variations for all maxillary and mandibular teeth. McNemar test (p <.05) was used to compare the results according to variation in EPT values gathering by variation, no variation and no response. Results: At T1, 75 and 65.7% of teeth responded positively whilst 25 and 34.3% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. The variation of the EPT values between T0 and T1 was observed for 50.0% of teeth, whilst no variation was noticed in 25.0% of teeth. At T4, 90.6 and 87.5% of teeth responded positively whilst 9.4 and 12.5% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. At T4, variation of the EPT values between T0 and T4 was observed for 28.1%, whilst no variation was noticed in 62.5% of teeth. There were no statistical differences in EPT results between T0 and T4 (p >.05), but significant differences were observed for EPT values between T1 and T4 (p <.05), and between mandibular and maxillary teeth. The pulp sensibility of maxillary teeth worsened after surgery, before reverting progressively to T0 values, whilst no statistically significant differences were observed for mandibular teeth at the different time points. Conclusions: These data support the inconsistence of the prophylactic endodontic treatment in healthy vital teeth with apex involvement in large cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Post‐surgery follow‐up with TPT and EPT is recommended to assess pulp status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are among the most common cysts of the jaw. They are attached to the crown of an unerupted tooth, most frequently third molars and maxillary canines. They are often asymptomatic and may therefore be diagnosed late. We report a case of a primary intraosseous carcinoma arising from the wall of a dentigerous cyst and describe the expression of typical genes associated with tumour growth and prognosis. The tumour expressed cytokeratins (CK) 5/6, 8, 14 and 19, but not CK7. Ki‐67 and P53 were upregulated in dysplastic epithelium and tumour tissue. Although rare, the possibility for tumour development in the wall of a common cyst should be considered. The case emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination of surgical specimens, even if the clinical diagnosis seems obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PEA3 transcription factor has been identified as a downstream target of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and PEA3 overexpression has been observed in a variety of tumor types. We aimed to evaluate PEA3 expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors and compare the expression among odontogenic lesions. In addition, the correlations between PEA3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of conventional ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma were investigated. Methods: This study was performed on 165 samples of odontogenic cysts and tumors including 20 dentigerous cysts, 20 odontogenic keratocysts, 16 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, 5 ameloblastic fibromas, 45 unicystic ameloblastomas, and 59 conventional ameloblastomas. The sections were immunohistochemically stained with mouse monoclonal anti‐PEA3 antibody and PEA3 expression was evaluated as the immunoreactive score. Results: PEA3 expression was absent in all dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts, while all adenomatoid odontogenic tumors showed either no (75%) or low (25%) expression of PEA3. Most of the ameloblastic fibromas (60%) displayed no PEA3 expression. A high expression of PEA3 was observed in a substantial number of unicystic ameloblastomas (48.9%) and conventional ameloblastomas (49.2%) in our study. PEA3 expression in DCs, odontogenic keratocysts and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were significantly different from that in conventional ameloblastomas and that in unicystic ameloblastomas (p < 0.05). The expression of PEA3 was significantly different in the age groups of unicystic ameloblastomas and histological subtypes of conventional ameloblastomas (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PEA3 overexpression is predominant in unicystic ameloblastomas and conventional ameloblastomas compared to other odontogenic lesions, indicating a pivotal role of PEA3 as a downstream effector of MAPK pathway in these two odontogenic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Odontogenic keratocysts constitute 10%–20% of odontogenic cysts and exhibit a distinctive corrugated parakeratinized lining epithelium. Considering that cornified envelope formation is an important phenomenon during keratinocyte differentiation, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of cornified envelope formation in odontogenic keratocysts. Methods: We investigated the cellular distribution of cornified envelope‐related proteins (transglutaminases and their substrates), as well as the upstream regulatory protein c‐Fos, by immunohistochemical analysis of the lining epithelium of 20 odontogenic keratocysts. We examined the corresponding mRNA levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Ten dentigerous cysts served as control non‐keratinized cysts. Results: The distributions of transglutaminase and their substrates except loricrin and small protein‐rich protein 1a significantly differed between odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts. There was no significant difference in c‐Fos expression between odontogenic keratocysts and dentigerous cysts. The mRNA levels of transglutaminases and their substrates were significantly higher in odontogenic keratocysts than in dentigerous cysts. However, c‐Fos mRNA levels did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusion: Surprisingly, the overall appearance of cornified envelope‐related proteins of odontogenic keratocysts was consistent with the characteristics of non‐keratinized oral mucosa identified in previous studies. These findings indicate that the contribution of cornified envelope‐related molecules in odontogenic keratocysts is similar to that in non‐keratinized oral epithelium, rather than keratinized oral epithelium, suggesting that odontogenic keratocysts are not genuine keratinized cysts. The upregulation of cornified envelope‐related genes in odontogenic epithelium could be an important pathognomonic event during odontogenic keratocyst development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine teeth should show evidence of eruption by the time a dog is 7 months old. Before 7 months of age, unerupted teeth in juvenile patients can often be overlooked due to varying eruption patterns. However, if a tooth has not demonstrated evidence of eruption by 7 months of age, it is considered abnormal. Differentials for unerupted teeth include congenital abnormalities causing tooth absence (anodontia, oligodontia or hypodontia), traumatic loss of a tooth and impaction of the tooth beneath either the gingiva or the alveolar bone and the gingiva. This case series explores three different presentations of unerupted teeth in juvenile dogs. All three dogs were under 10 months of age when they presented for evaluation and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reports on the proteomic studies of ameloblastoma and other common odontogenic lesions are limited. We thus explored the differential proteins among ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, and normal gingival tissue using proteomics and identified hub proteins involved in the local aggressiveness and recurrence of ameloblastoma. Methods: Samples were obtained from 14 patients with ameloblastoma, 6 with odontogenic keratocyst, 9 with a dentigerous cyst, and 5 with normal gingival tissue. Proteins were then extracted, purified, quantified, and analysed using Easy‐nLC chromatography and mass spectrometry. Further functional annotation and enrichment analyses were performed using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes on the target protein collection. Protein clustering and protein–protein interaction network analyses were used to screen the hub proteins. Proteins with significant interactions were screened according to their degree index. These results were verified by immunohistochemical staining. Proteins meeting the screening criteria of expression difference ploidy >1.2‐fold (upregulation and downregulation) and p < 0.05 were considered differential proteins. Results: In ameloblastoma, 808 differential proteins were upregulated and 505 were downregulated compared with those in odontogenic keratocyst; 309 were upregulated and 453 were downregulated compared with those in dentigerous cyst; and 2210 were upregulated and 829 were downregulated compared with those in normal gingival tissue. The three groups of differential proteins were associated with cellular exosomes, antigen binding, complement activation, human papillomavirus infection, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, and metabolic pathways. Conclusion: CDH3 is associated with the local aggressiveness and recurrence of ameloblastoma and is a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article describes a unilateral extracranial dentigerous cyst containing five dental structures in a 3‐year‐old Warmblood filly that caused drainage from below the left pinna and behavioural changes due to pain. Initial diagnosis was made using radiographs and further diagnostic imaging in the form of computed tomography was used for effective surgical planning. This highlighted the proximity of the cyst to the calvarium. All the structures were surgically removed using an osteotome and mallet. During surgery, a defect was made in the calvarium leading to a small haemorrhage, which was successfully controlled. The external auditory canal was accidentally entered during the procedure; closure was achieved and no postoperative infection was experienced. The structures were histologically confirmed to be dental in origin. On telephone and photographic follow‐up, the horse showed excellent cosmetic results, with no neurological or motor deficits and complete resolution of clinical signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dentigerous cyst is the second most common odontogenic. The prevalence rates ranging from 0.8% to 3.6% in the general population. It affects people especially at the second and third decade of life with a male predilection. It presents a preference for the mandibular region particularly for the second lower premolar. Surgical marsupialization or decompression are the most conservative treatment modalities as it prevents the risks of cyst removal as nerve injuries and preserves the unerupted tooth. Two clinical cases of two young patients presenting a dentigerous cyst involving impacted teeth, which were successfully treated by decompression will be reported in order to highlight the benefits and limits of cyst decompression as well as detailing its operating protocol and its instructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 4‐year‐old, male, neutered pug was referred for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome evaluation. The patient had a history of exercise and warm weather intolerance, causing chronic clinical signs of nasal discharge and reverse sneezing. A computed tomography scan revealed an unerupted tooth within the left nasal cavity and rostral left nasal meatus with an associated cystic lesion, extending to the right side, causing complete obstruction of the nasal passage. The left maxillary canine tooth (204) was surgically extracted, and the surrounding cystic lining was extirpated. Histopathology identified the structure as a dentigerous cyst, with complete tissue margins, supporting a reduced likelihood of local recurrence. After 7 months, the patient had significantly improved and had no further episodes of nasal discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and the complications following single or double random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps for the closure of rostral to mid maxillary defects in dogs. Materials and Methods: Medical records of dogs treated with single or double random mucosal rotating flaps after maxillectomy for oral lesions or traumatic loss of tissue, were evaluated. Clinical findings, surgery performed, outcome and postoperative complications (major and minor) were extracted. Results: Twenty‐six client‐owned dogs were retrospectively included. Dogs underwent maxillectomy for canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (9), oral squamous cell carcinomas (4), peripheral odontogenic fibromas (4), oral melanomas (3), oral fibrosarcomas (2), dentigerous cysts (2) and oral osteosarcoma (1) and trauma resulting in an oronasal fistula (1). Twenty‐three dogs underwent a single transposition or interpolation flap and three dogs were treated with a double transposition flap. Postoperative complications, including dehiscence or flap necrosis, occurred in six dogs. Clinical Significance: Random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps are versatile when used to close rostral maxillary defects in dogs. Postoperative complications appear to be more likely when these flaps are used to close mid maxillary defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Odontogenic cysts and tumors often form hard and soft structures that resemble odontogenesis. It is well known that amyloid is produced in Pindborg tumors; however, it is still debatable whether it is also formed in other odontogenic tumors and cysts. This study aimed to detect the presence of amyloid in different odontogenic cysts and tumors in correlation to matrix proteins secreted during enamel formation; namely amelogenin and odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein. Methods: This study included formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 106 different types of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Congo red and thioflavin T were performed to confirm the presence of amyloid; immunohistochemistry was used to detect amelogenin and odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein. Results: Amyloid was detected in pindborg tumors (conventional), adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, odontogenic fibroma (Amyloid variant), follicular solid and unicystic ameloblastomas, radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, dentinogenic ghost cell odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, and primordial Odontogenic tumor. Amelogenin was detected in 95.3% of the cases, while odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein was detected in 93.4% of the cases. The association between odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein and amyloid was highly significant at p < 0.01. However, there was no significant relationship between amelogenin and amyloid p > 0.05. Conclusion: Although pindborg tumor is the bonafide example of amyloid deposition in odontogenic tumors, this study concluded that amyloid may be deposited in traces to massive amounts in various odontogenic cysts and tumors, and it is significantly linked to odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein but not amelogenin matrix protein, since all amyloid cases were odontogenic ameloblast associated protein positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: This is the image of dentigerous cyst detected in the medial wall of maxillary sinus, a rare location for the mentioned cyst, which emphasizes the superiority of radiographic features from the site of the lesion. Moreover, the present case showed no facial asymmetry despite the extension of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy and is not well understood. We report a case of deep neck space infection arising from a small dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mandibular third molar in a patient with a recent diagnosis of KFD. We consider the unusual severity of the clinical presentation and suggest that KFD may have a role in the exaggerated response to a minimal dentigerous cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Bilateral dentigerous cysts of the mandible are extremely rare in non‐syndromic patients with <30 cases reported in the literature with only one involving successful orthodontic alignment of the affected teeth. This case aims to highlight a rare bilateral presentation of dentigerous cysts in a non‐syndromic child in addition to encouraging clinicians to consider multi‐disciplinary care for the management of cysts not only for successful resolution of the cystic spaces but also for subsequent successful orthodontic alignment of severely displaced teeth. Material and Methods: A 12‐year old boy was referred to the paediatric dental department at the Edinburgh Dental Institute regarding partially erupted mandibular first permanent molars with suppuration and periodontal pocketing of 12mm. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral unilocular radiolucencies of the mandible associated with the partially erupted first and unerupted second permanent molars. The treatment to date includes oral hygiene advice, bilateral incisional biopsies and marsupialisation of the lesions under general anaesthetic, expose and bond procedures of the impacted mandibular second permanent molars and maxillary and mandibular fixed appliances. Results: Both the first and second lower permanent molars have been successfully aligned within the arch. Histological analysis has confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral dentigerous cysts of the mandible although provisional diagnosis included bilateral keratocysts. This patient has had both clinical and radiographic follow‐up in the paediatric dental, oral surgery and orthodontic departments over a 4‐year period. Conclusion: This is a highly unusual presentation of bilateral mandibular dentigerous cysts in a non‐syndromic child. Successful multi‐disciplinary care between the paediatric, oral surgery and orthodontic departments yielded an extremely favourable outcome for this challenging case. Paediatric dentists should be aware of this unusual presentation, the subsequent appropriate referral pathway and the promising feasibility of successful orthodontic alignment of the affected teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the recent success and developments of the journal Oral Surgery and the British Associations of Oral Surgeons. In 2023, there was an increase in international readership and submissions, with the United States surpassing the United Kingdom in accessing the journal. India and Brazil had the highest number of submissions. The journal also saw an increase in downloads, particularly for articles from the 2020 special edition on 'Orofacial Pain'. Turnaround times for article acceptance improved, with a median of 85 days in 2023. The article also mentions upcoming special editions on 'Algorithms for Treatment Planning in Implant Dentistry' and 'The management of MRONJ and ORN'. The current edition covers a range of topics, including dental implants, wisdom teeth management, and rare complications from surgical treatments. The publication of case reports on rare complications and lesions is important for improving patient care and increasing knowledge and awareness. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Primary intraosseous carcinoma, NOS (PIOC), is a rare malignancy which has been described in the maxilla and mandible often arising from odontogenic cysts. The authors describe a case of PIOC arising from a dentigerous cyst associated with a lower right third molar in 78‐year‐old male. Aims: To demonstrate that seemingly innocuous pathology may represent a malignant process. In the presence of 'red‐flag' symptoms, one must consider alternative diagnoses and action them accordingly. Findings and Discussion: The initial clinical and radiographic features suggested a common innocuous presentation, although other features which presented later were suggestive of malignancy. PIOC is treated conventionally by radical surgery to achieve a disease‐free margin with adjuvant neck dissection. In the case described, the patient underwent hemi‐mandibulectomy with neck dissection and fibula free flap reconstruction. Conclusion: Pathology associated with third molars is extremely common, very occasionally malignancy can mimic these more common conditions. As such, careful clinical examination of the affected site and neighbouring structures (including the lymph nodes of the head and neck) should be routinely performed in all patients. Even in the presence of typical features clinical and radiographic features, tissue samples should be sent for histopathological analysis of what may appear to be harmless follicular or early cystic tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is an extremely rare benign odontogenic tumor, which is associated with an unerupted tooth in one‐third of the cases. Hyperplastic dental follicle (HDF) is an odontogenic hamartomatous lesion associated with delayed or tooth eruption failure in young patients. Dentigerous cyst (DC) is an epithelial‐lined developmental cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. Here, we present a case of 13‐year‐old boy with pericoronal radiolucency around impacted right maxillary canine tooth, which detected during routine dental examination on panoramic radiograph. The size of radiolucency was varied between 5 and 10 mm and was asymmetrical. Lesion was underwent biopsy with suspicion to a dentigerous cyst. On microscopic examination, the lesion was composed of a cellular fibrous connective tissue with odontogenic epithelium in the form of strands or nests throughout the lesion and calcifications in the form of basophilic cementum‐like material and dentinoid. Due to its nonspecific histological features, we encountered a diagnostic dilemma. In this case report, we discuss the clinical and radiologic features of COF, DC, and HDF. We preferred COF for this lesion. By combining surgical and orthodontic treatments, the impacted tooth was directed to its correct position in the maxilla. This case report highlights the importance of clinicopathological correlation in the diagnosis of pericoronal radiolucencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The dentigerous cyst or temporal teratoma in horses is a well‐known congenital malformation that occurs in the temporal region and usually contains dental tissue. This case report describes two horses with a previously unreported variant of the dentigerous cyst associated with an exostosis arising from the temporal bone. The principal clinical sign was a draining tract opening at the margin of the right pinna in both horses. There was no evidence of an ectopic tooth on the radiographs or at ultrasonographic examination. Computed tomography combined with positive contrast sinography of the draining tract revealed bone formation arising from the supramastoid crest of the right temporal bone extending towards a cyst‐like structure but without direct connection in both cases. This bone formation was located at a site on the supramastoid crest, close to the external acoustic meatus, where ectopic teeth may also occur. Both cysts were removed surgically with a good long‐term outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronectomy is a treatment option for lower third molars with high risk of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. When it was first described, clinicians were sceptical of this new technique and were concerned about complications such as infection or pathological changes. Over the years, coronectomy has been proven to be effective in preventing IAN injury for high‐risk cases and is a safe technique in the long term. The other surgical morbidities of lower third molar coronectomy such as infection, pain and swelling are minimal, and occur at incidences similar to those of the conventional total removal of lower third molars. There is a small chance of root exposure which may require a second operation for its removal. It was found that most of the retained roots would migrate to a small extent, and that the migration rate would decrease with time and gradually cease, causing the root complex to remain embedded in the alveolar bone. Coronectomy has also been suggested as a treatment option for dentigerous cyst when the root of the involved tooth is in close proximity to the IAN. The benefit of adjacent second molar bone regeneration after third molar coronectomy has been demonstrated in pilot studies. With current evidence, coronectomy of lower third molar is a safe alternative for the prevention of IAN injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two cases of AOT, the first case concerns a 23‐year‐old patient with an AOT located in the maxilla and the second case involves a 37‐year‐old patient presenting an AOT with mandibular localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing odontoma is a rare mixed odontogenic tumor that can arise with other odontogenic lesions. The association of COC with ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma is extremely rare. We report an extremely rare case of developing odontoma arising from a calcifying odontogenic cyst in a 17‐year‐old girl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of external root resorption on adjacent teeth of common cysts and ameloblastomas of the jaw in an Asian population and to investigate the association of size or location of the lesions on such root resorption potential. Material and methods: A retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to examine the frequency of external root resorption (ERR) of teeth in proximity of 160 lesions comprising periapical radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas was carried out. Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate differences in the frequency of ERR of teeth adjacent to these lesions and to assess the association of the size or location of the lesions on such root resorption potential. Results and conclusions: There were 40% of lesions located in the maxilla and 60% in the mandible. Adjacent teeth ERR was noted in 61 (38.1%) lesions. Compared with odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastomas were eight times more likely (p = 0.005) and dentigerous cysts were three times more likely (p = 0.028) to be associated with ERR after adjusting for the size and location of the lesion. Location and size of a lesion did not influence the prevalence of adjacent teeth ERR. The four types of lesions studied exhibit different frequencies of ERR in adjacent teeth. Based on this study, the presence of ERR in adjacent teeth is a useful supportive measure in the diagnosis of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts are a rare type of odontogenic cyst, which are identified by an orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. These cysts were originally classified as a subtype of odontogenic keratocysts; however, they have been redefined as a distinct entity. They radiographically mimic dentigerous cysts which can confound the final diagnosis. Most of the literature describes cases of single OOC, with far fewer cases of multiple orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts being reported. Method: This paper details a case of multiple orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts in a patient and compares their presentation to other cases of multiple orthokeratinising odontogenic cysts reported in the literature. Results: Six previous cases of multiple orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts were identified in the literature. The majority of features were similar to the case presented, with most cysts occurring in the mandible, in males in their third decade. In all but one of the cases, these cysts were also associated with unerupted teeth. Discussion: Orthokeratinizied odontogenic cysts display similar features to other odontogenic cysts. However, they possess distinctly different features to odontogenic keratocysts in their histopathology, presentation and recurrence rate. Conclusion: Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts should be considered as a radiographical differential diagnosis for a dentigerous cyst and a histopathological differential diagnosis for odontogenic keratocyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The botryoid odontogenic cyst is considered a rare multilocular variant of the lateral periodontal cyst. The clinical, radiological and histopathological features of a case with a coinciding compound odontoma, affecting the anterior mandible, are presented. A 33‐year‐old South African male presented with an asymptomatic, progressive, firm swelling of the right anterior mandible. Radiographic examination revealed a multilocular, radiolucent lesion with a corticated border causing buccal expansion and erosion of the buccal plate. In addition, well‐defined denticles were present impeding the eruption of the right mandibular canine. Removal of the lesion resulted in the loss of four teeth. Histopathological results provided a final diagnosis of a botryoid odontogenic cyst and a concurrent compound odontoma. Statement of Clinical Significance: The botryoid odontogenic cyst is a rare entity and, thus, the information provided in this report contributes to the growing repository of literature surrounding these cysts. Furthermore, the concurrence of a compound odontoma contributes to its rarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are seen in the maxillary canine and third molars. We report a case of dentigerous cysts invading the maxillary sinus, which was managed surgically by endoscopic-assisted transantral and transnasal approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jaw is a rare lesion that has been suggested to originate from the odontogenic epithelium. We report an unusual case of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma in an 18-year-old Japanese man with an odontogenic cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It may also involve super-numerary or ectopic teeth.3 Treatment of an ectopic tooth with dentigerous cyst in the maxillary sinus is enucleation of the cyst and extraction of the associated tooth. Keywords: dentigerous cyst; ectopic tooth; endoscopic; maxillary; molar EN dentigerous cyst ectopic tooth endoscopic maxillary molar 1095 1099 5 08/19/21 20210901 NES 210901 Key points Ectopic third molar with a dentigerous cyst in the maxillary sinus is rare. C, The cyst wall completely excised with the ectopic tooth inside gl Endoscopic endonasal pre-lacrimal approach (n = 2) This approach was applied when the ectopic tooth was located anteriorly (n = 1) or laterally (n = 1) in the maxillary sinus (Figure 4). B, Intraoperative photo showing transoral sublabial endoscopic view inside the maxillary sinus with holding of the ectopic molar during its removal gl In 3 out of 5 patients, the ectopic tooth was embedded in the bone. [Extracted from the article]

Dentigerous cysts are common odontogenic cysts treated through surgical enucleation. This article presents paediatric and adult cases where surgical planning and treatment of dentigerous cysts were adapted according to various clinical challenges. Additionally, spontaneous regression of a dentigerous cyst associated with a maxillary canine is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit of the skin characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, which might result in permanent scars. It commonly affects adolescents, but it can occur in any age‐group with the second group of incidence in young women in their 30s. Acne vulgaris can highly affect a person's quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to act against it to prevent emotional impact and long‐term complications. Aim: This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a chemical peel in combination with a home care‐exfoliating and purifying product in improving mild and moderate acne. Methods: The study included 45 patients with mild‐to‐moderate acne. Patients were treated with a chemical peel containing a mix of salicylic acid, pyruvic acid, and retinoic acid once every 3 weeks for 4 times, plus a home care treatment after the healing process. Michaelson's acne severity score, Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and Face Skin Q questionnaire were used to evaluate patients' skin improvement and patients' satisfaction. Results: All patients have shown improvement in skin lesions after 4 sessions of chemical peel according to Michaelson's acne severity score and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Score. Face Skin Q questionnaire demonstrated an improved quality of life in all treated patients. Conclusion: The combination of salicylic acid‐based chemical peel plus exfoliating home care treatment appears to be a very good strategy against acne. Therefore, the physician may use this combination as an effective treatment for patients dealing with acne vulgaris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: BRAF p.V600E is reported in up to 80% of ameloblastomas. Despite the high frequency, the presence of this mutation in different histopathological areas of the tumour has not been investigated. This information has an important role in the use of BRAF p.V600E assessment as an auxiliary tool in the differential diagnosis between unicystic ameloblastoma and other odontogenic cystic lesions, especially when only incisional biopsies are available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate BRAF p.V600E heterogeneity in unicystic ameloblastoma. Methods: Five cases of ameloblastoma and two dentigerous cysts were analysed. The regions exhibiting different microscopic characteristics were selected from each ameloblastoma case and manually dissected. TaqMan allele‐specific qPCR or Sanger sequencing was performed to determine BRAF p.V600E status. Results: We screened the mutation in a small cohort of UA and no molecular heterogeneity was found. Four cases of ameloblastoma (80%) exhibited BRAF p.V600E in all different areas evaluated. One case did not harbour the mutation in any microscopic region analysed. The BRAF mutation was absent in the dentigerous cysts. Conclusion: Ameloblastomas appear to exhibit a homogeneous profile regarding the BRAF p.V600E no matter what histological feature is observed under light microscopy, suggesting that this molecular test may contribute to establish the correct diagnosis in cases microscopically resembling other odontogenic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although usually considered to be of developmental origin, dentigerous cysts (DCs) have been reported to form in response to chronic periapical inflammation associated with primary teeth that have necrotic, infected pulps. This article describes the management of a DC associated with tooth 21 in a seven‐year‐old Caucasian child with a history of multiple TDIs to the primary maxillary incisors. Chronic periapical inflammation associated with a necrotic pulp in tooth 61 was identified as the likely cause of the lesion. Initial conservative management involved marsupialization of the lesion by extracting the necrotic tooth 61. Following significant decompression of the cyst, surgical enucleation was carried out under general anaesthesia and an orthodontic attachment was bonded to the crown of the unerupted tooth 21 to facilitate traction. Histopathological assessment of the enucleated tissue confirmed it to be a DC. Two years after the initial presentation, teeth 21 and 22 had erupted into the oral cavity, improving patient aesthetics. However, the root of tooth 22 was transposed with the crown of the unerupted tooth 23. This case highlights the undesirable sequelae that may occur following delayed and inappropriate management of TDIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cysts of the mouth and jaws are common, and their management is an essential component of oral surgery. Patients may present with symptoms though more frequently they are asymptomatic and are referred as a result of incidental finding by a dentist. This retrospective study reviews the clinical presentation, radiologic features, management and outcomes of jaw cysts treated by a single oral surgeon between 2005 and 2018. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for data on diagnosis, pathology, treatment modalities and follow‐up outcomes among the patients. The principal emphasis is to report the outcome of odontogenic keratocytes managed conservatively in relation to recent World Health Organization classification. Results: Records of 214 patients having a true cystic jaw lesion were reviewed. The most common cystic lesions were radicular cyst (38%) followed by dentigerous cysts (36%) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) (10%). Fifty‐six percent (56 of 214) of all cystic lesions were asymptomatic on presentation and were identified by imaging. All patients underwent surgical intervention, including biopsy, enucleation and/or curettage as indicated. Cases were treated principally by enucleation. None of 214 cases showed any recurrence. Marsupialisation was the treatment for seven cases of eruption cyst and two cases of dentigerous cyst associated with erupting teeth in children. Conclusions: Jaw cysts are not unusual, many of these cysts are asymptomatic and are identified incidentally on orthopantomography. Radicular cyst was the most common followed by dentigerous cyst and OKC. All the patients were treated successfully with surgical intervention and none showed any recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a rare odontogenic lesion with a vast variety of clinical, radiological, histopathological features and biological behaviours. In this article, we illustrate a case of an 18‐year‐old male patient with a complaint of an 18‐month history of swelling in his right maxilla. The lesion was diagnosed as a COC associated with an impacted 18 using radiological, cytological and histopathological investigations. The present study examines and considers the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst that bears similarity to several other odontogenic lesions. Till 2017, only 169 such cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we describe one more case of it occurring in a 35‐year‐old female patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transoral approach for enucleation of a voluminous odontogenic lesion involving the maxillary sinus is considerably invasive and can cause irreversible damage to the ciliated mucosa with definitive loss of the normal bone morphology. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), which increases the patency of the osteomeatal complex (OMC), involves the use of a direct approach to the lesion, facilitating the drainage of secretions and improving the ventilation. Nevertheless, FESS cannot completely enucleate large odontogenic cystic lesions, particularly dentigerous cysts associated with dislocated teeth. Accordingly, a combined transnasal endoscopic and transoral approach is desirable. Here, we report the successful use of FESS combined with a conservative intraoral approach for the treatment of a voluminous dentigerous cyst that completely occupied the maxillary sinus. In a single surgery, FESS was used to enlarge OMC and open the cystic compartment into the nasal cavity, while an intraoral approach involving the removal of a bony lid from the anterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus facilitated minimal removal of the cystic wall associated with the dislocated tooth. The bony lid was repositioned and fixed with titanium plates. Computed tomography performed at 6 months showed that the original cystic compartment, which maintained communication with the nasal cavity through the enlarged OMC, was absent, and that the sinus had recovered its healthy morphology. Computed tomography at 27 months showed the maintenance of this status with no signs of recurrence. We recommend this approach to eradicate such pathology while preserving the sinus structure and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentigerous cysts are usually of developmental nature but may be of inflammatory origin especially in paediatric populations. It is important to understand the histological features of dentigerous cysts to enable accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study is to present epidemiological, clinical features and histopathological features of dentigerous cysts seen in a paediatric tertiary referral hospital.Method: The medical, radiographic and histopathology records of the Department of Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, during January 1998 to December 2013 were reviewed for patients with dentigerous cysts. All cases were re-examined by a specialist oral pathologist, consultant paediatric pathologist and paediatric dentistry registrar.Results: Forty-one cases of dentigerous cysts were found. Patients in the permanent dentition were most frequently affected. Male predilection was observed (male:female 2.42:1). The posterior mandible was the most frequently affected region (63.42%) although maxillary canines were the teeth most commonly associated with dentigerous cysts (29.27%). The majority of cases were incidental findings. Squamous epithelium showing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (46%) was frequently observed and was significantly present with thicker epithelium (P < 0.0001) and an acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.001). Inflammatory infiltrate was seen in 75.6% of cases.Conclusions: The current study provides increased knowledge of the histological features of dentigerous cysts in a large retrospective series of paediatric patients and provides further evidence regarding the frequency of inflammatory dentigerous cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present study, we sought to: (a) analyze the p53 gene status in dentigerous cysts (DC) associated with supernumerary teeth (ST) in a pair of siblings with ST, of whom one developed a DC; and (b) conduct a narrative review of the literature on ST associated with DC. Blood samples were obtained, and the isolated DNA was used to amplify exons 4‐8 of the p53 gene using specific primers, and subsequently sequenced. No mutations were identified in the coding regions of the p53 gene. A review of the literature revealed a prevalence of DC associated with ST to be as high as 13.6%, and that 83% of the case reports performed enucleation of DC and removal of ST. Dentigerous cysts associated with ST in one sibling demonstrated that variations in phenotypes exist, and the absence of mutations cannot eliminate the potential influence of genetic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentigerous cyst (DC) occurs in approximately 20% of jaw cysts, being the second major common odontogenic cyst, after radicular cyst. This oral lesion has the ability to destroy maxillary bones and could be the origin of several odontogenic tumors. However, molecules implicated in its pathogenesis as well as those involved in its neoplastic transformation remain unknown. Here, we established a cell population derived from a DC as an in vitro model for the study of this oral lesion.Methods: Cell culture was performed from a DC from a 44-year-old male. Cells were cultured at 37°C in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Expression of epithelial markers was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Ultrastructural characterization was carried out by transmission electron microscopy. Conditioned media were obtained and characterized by zymography and Western blot.Results: Cells showed spindle-shaped morphology, but they express epithelial markers, such as cytokeratins and the odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein. The ultrastructural analysis showed well-formed desmosomes present in adhering contiguous cells, confirming the epithelial lineage of this cell population. Cells also contain several vesicles adjacent to plasma membrane, suggesting an active secretion. Indeed, the analysis of the conditioned medium revealed the presence of several secreted proteins, among them the matrix metalloproteinase-2.Conclusions: Our work provides a useful model to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of marsupialization or decompression of dentigerous cysts involving the crowns of unerupted permanent teeth during the state of mixed dentition with observation of outcomes. Patients and methods Six patients were included in this series. Two were females while the rest were males. They were operated under local anaesthesia except one who was operated under general anaesthesia. Results All involved teeth erupted spontaneously without the need for orthodontic intervention in all but one patient, who required subsequent intervention. No adverse outcomes were recorded in our series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Benign epithelial odontogenic tumors such as ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) may exhibit an aggressive clinical course reminiscent of malignancies. Recent studies have indicated that astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms and its overexpression is associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor survival. However, the role of AEG-1 in odontogenic tumors and cysts is still undiscovered.Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of AEG-1 was performed in 42 cases of ameloblastoma, 29 cases of KCOT, and 19 cases of dentigerous cyst. Correlations between AEG-1 expression and clinical parameters of ameloblastomas or KCOTs were statistically analyzed.Results: AEG-1-positive staining was found in 37 (88%) of 42 ameloblastomas and in 24 (83%) of 29 KCOTs. None of 19 dentigerous cysts were positive for AEG-1 protein. For ameloblastomas, AEG-1 protein expression was significantly higher in ameloblast-like cells than in stellate reticulum-like cells (P = 0.003). For KCOTs, AEG-1 protein was diffusely expressed in all lining epithelial cells except the superficial parakeratinized cells. Moreover, the frequency of cortical plate perforation was significantly higher in ameloblastomas with high AEG-1 expression than in ameloblastomas with low or negative AEG-1 expression (P = 0.043).Conclusion: Significantly higher expression of AEG-1 protein in ameloblastomas and KCOTs than in dentigerous cysts and significantly greater frequency of cortical plate perforation in high AEG-1-expressed ameloblastomas than in low or negative AEG-1-expressed ameloblastomas may imply the high potential of AEG-1 to serve as a locally invasive biomarker and a target for novel therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of studies investigating the immunohistochemical characteristics of glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) is limited, due to its rarity. TGF-beta has been suggested to induce podoplanin expression in some lesions. We aimed to evaluate and compare podoplanin and TGF-beta expression in GOC and other odontogenic cystic lesions.Methods: A total of 43 samples including five GOCs, 10 dentigerous cysts (DCs), eight unicystic ameloblastoma (UAs), and 20 radicular cysts (RCs) were selected and subjected to immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against podoplanin and TGF-beta. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis along with Bonferroni for adjusting P-values (P < 0.05).Results: Podoplanin immunoreactivity was observed in 80%, 70%, and 100% of DCs, RCs, and UAs, respectively, while none of the GOCs were positive for this marker (P = 0.004). Significant differences were only found in the GOC specimens. TGF-beta positivity occurred in the capsule and epithelium of all GOCs and DCs, while RCs and UAs demonstrated different expression percentages in the capsular and epithelial tissues. Epithelial TGF-beta showed significant differences among the studied lesions (P = 0.007) with the main difference found between DCs with RCs and DCs with UAs.Conclusions: Lack of podoplanin expression might be involved in the characteristic histologic and behavioral features of GOC, which seems to be unrelated to TGF-beta expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unicystic ameloblastoma, an odontogenic neoplasm, presents clinical and radiographic similarities with dentigerous and radicular cysts, non-neoplastic lesions. It is not always possible to reach a final diagnosis with the incisional biopsy, leading to inappropriate treatment. The BRAFV600E activating mutation has been reported in a high proportion of ameloblastomas. The purpose of the study was to assess the utility of the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in the differential diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma with dentigerous and radicular cysts.Methods: Twenty-six archival samples were included, comprising eight unicystic ameloblastomas (UAs), nine dentigerous and nine radicular cysts. The mutation was assessed in all samples by anti-BRAFV600E (clone VE1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by TaqMan mutation detection qPCR assay. Sanger sequencing was further carried out when samples showed conflicting results in the IHC and qPCR.Results: Although all UAs (8/8) showed positive uniform BRAFV600E staining along the epithelial lining length, the mutation was not confirmed by qPCR and Sanger sequencing in three samples. Positive staining for the BRAFV600E protein was observed in one dentigerous cyst, but it was not confirmed by the molecular methods. Furthermore, 2/9 dentigerous cysts and 2/9 radicular cysts showed non-specific immunostaining of the epithelium or plasma cells. None of the dentigerous or radicular cysts cases presented the BRAFV600E mutation in the qPCR assay.Conclusions: The BRAFV600E antibody (clone VE1) IHC may show non-specific staining, but molecular assays may be useful for the diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma, in conjunction with clinical, radiological and histopathological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumours ( AOT) are uncommon, benign tumours that account for about 2-7% of all odontogenic tumours. There is a strong predilection to be found in the maxilla, and predominantly in young females. In this case, we report an unusual finding of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in the anterior mandible of a 13-year-old male patient. We discuss the radiographic and histological findings, in addition to the surgical management. The AOT is commonly mistaken for a dentigerous cyst, hence the importance of histopathological examination is emphasised. Furthermore, this case report will refresh practitioners on the differential diagnosis of AOT when dealing with lesions of the jaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some benign odontogenic lesions have a distinct biological behavior with high recurrence rates and local aggressive behavior. To determine whether glucose transporters proteins (GLUT-1 and GLUT-3) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) are associated with the development of as dentigerous cyst (DC), odontogenic keratocyst (OK), and ameloblastoma (AM), we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in these lesions.Materials and Methods: Immunoexpression of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and CA IX was evaluated semiquantitative fields in each of the 20 cases of OK, AM, and DC. The cases were classified according to the scores: 0 (0% positive cells), 1 (<10% of positive cells), 2 (10-50% of positive cells), and 3 (>50% of positive cells). The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: All cases were positive for GLUT-1 and 65% of OK showed scored 3. Staining was diffuse in 90% of OK and 85% of DC cases (P < 0.001). In 50% of OK and AM, staining was only observed in the membrane (P = 0.01). Most of the samples (66.7%) were negative for GLUT-3. Staining intensity for anhydrase was higher in the epithelium of DC when compared to OK (P = 0.01). Strong staining was observed in 55% of DC and 20% of OK samples (P = 0.01).Conclusions: These results suggest that GLUT-1 may be involved in the metabolic regulation of glucose in odontogenic lesions studied. In addition, CA IX appears to influence the development of AM, OK, and DC which can explain the differences their biological behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are the second most common odontogenic cyst. The most frequently affected teeth are mandibular third molars and the incidence in mandibular canines is significantly less common. The management of dentigerous cysts is usually surgical enucleation, with extraction of the associated tooth if required. Spontaneously regressing dentigerous cysts are uncommon, but have been reported in the literature. However, this is the first reported case of a spontaneously resolving dentigerous cyst affecting an unerupted lower canine. A 12‐year‐old male presented with a retained deciduous canine and an asymptomatic radiolucency associated with an unerupted mandibular canine. This was provisionally diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst based on radiographic appearance. Over a period of 4 years, the cyst regressed without any surgical intervention. A cone beam computed tomogram was taken which confirmed the regression of the cyst and showed that the incisal edge of the canine had perforated the labial cortex of the mandible. This case supports the theory that if an unerupted tooth with an associated dentigerous cyst perforates bone or communicates with the oral cavity then spontaneous decompression and resolution of the cyst can occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth inversion may occur with supplemental or supernumerary teeth and is usually common in the midline. The authors present a case of an inverted non‐supplemental premolar tooth in an adult patient associated with an odontogenic cyst. The inverted premolar was extracted and cyst enucleation was performed uneventfully under general anaesthesia. This case highlights a rare presentation which may occur in conjunction with cystic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]