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A sensitive analytical procedure for simultaneous extraction and determination of bisphenol A and alkyl phenols, namely, 4‐sec‐butylphenol, 4‐tert‐butylphenol, and 4‐tert‐amylphenol from aqueous samples with metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction (D‐µSPE) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is developed. Sample contaminants were preconcentrated with amino‐functionalized aluminum MOF and later eluted with acetonitrile. The reconstituted sample was subjected to HPLC analysis. Various procedural parameters related to D‐µSPE were optimized. Under optimized preconcentration and chromatographic conditions, calibration curves with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9986) in the working range of 0.25–100 ng mL−1 were prepared. Limit of detection (S/N = 3) for every analyte within the range of 0.020–0.022 ng mL−1 was obtained. Analyte's recovery 91.16%–97.01% (RSD = 1.02–3.01) for intraday and 89.86%–95.83% (RSD = 1.15–3.13) for inter‐day analysis was obtained from real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jumonji‐C (JmjC) domain‐containing protein 7 (JMJD7) is a human Fe(II) and 2‐oxoglutarate dependent oxygenase that catalyzes stereospecific C3‐hydroxylation of lysyl‐residues in developmentally regulated GTP binding proteins 1 and 2 (DRG1/2). We report studies exploring a diverse set of lysine derivatives incorporated into the DRG1 peptides as potential human JMJD7 substrates and inhibitors. The results indicate that human JMJD7 has a relatively narrow substrate scope beyond lysine compared to some other JmjC hydroxylases and lysine‐modifying enzymes. The geometrically constrained (E)‐dehydrolysine is an efficient alternative to lysine for JMJD7‐catalyzed C3‐hydroxylation. γ‐Thialysine and γ‐azalysine undergo C3‐hydroxylation, followed by degradation to formylglycine. JMJD7 also catalyzes the S‐oxidation of DRG1‐derived peptides possessing methionine and homomethionine residues in place of lysine. Inhibition assays show that DRG1 variants possessing cysteine/selenocysteine instead of the lysine residue efficiently inhibit JMJD7 via cross‐linking. The overall results inform on the substrate selectivity and inhibition of human JMJD7, which will help enable the rational design of selective small‐molecule and peptidomimetic inhibitors of JMJD7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planetary geologic maps are crucial tools for understanding the geological features and processes of solid bodies in the Solar System. Over the past six decades, best practices in planetary geologic mapping have emphasized clear and objective observation, geological interpretation, multi‐sensor fusion, and iterative revision of maps based on new data. We summarize here four ways in which maps serve as indispensable instruments for scientific investigation, from enhancing observations to interrogating surface processes. With respect to space exploration, we underscore the role of planetary geologic maps as tools to link testable, hypothesis‐driven science to exploration goals and provide actionable information for hazard identification, resource evaluation, sample collection, and potential infrastructure development. To further advance the field of planetary geologic mapping, international collaboration is essential. This includes sharing data and maps through FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) platforms, establishing standardized mapping practices, promoting diverse nomenclature, and fostering continued cooperation in space exploration. Plain Language Summary: We summarize why planetary geologic maps are important for science and space exploration. We review the history of these maps and present four ways in which planetary geologic maps contribute to scientific understanding. We further outline six ways in which maps help humanity plan and execute space missions productively and safely. These endeavors require international participation; thus, we end with a call for collaboration to train the next generation of mappers, develop maps for future missions, and use maps to communicate the significance of space exploration to everyone. Key Points: Planetary geologic maps are critical products that link science goals and objectives to space explorationMaps are also used to support safe and productive surface navigation and are imperative for crewed and robotic surface missionsInternational cooperation is essential to produce maps needed in the coming decade [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In 2020, the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia made several revisions to its professional capabilities. To address this, medical radiation practitioners, including diagnostic radiographers, are required to escalate urgent findings in all radiographic settings. However, the confidence of radiographers in articulating descriptions of radiographic findings varies despite this requirement. This cross‐sectional study explores how the implementation of eportfolio affects student self‐perceived confidence in identifying and describing radiographic findings in both an academic and a clinical setting. Methods: A Qualtrics survey was distributed to second‐year radiography students who had used eportfolios. The survey comprised of four questions using a Likert‐scale and one open‐ended question. Quantitative data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and qualitative data was thematically assessed. Results: Overall, 55 of 65 radiographic students (85%) completed the survey. Confidence (strongly agree and agree) decreased from 89% to 74% between academic and clinical environments when identifying abnormalities, and 89% to 73% when describing findings. This finding highlights the challenges students face when in the clinical environment. Wilcoxon signed rank test analysed a statistically significant relation between the two environments (P < 0.05). However, the relationship between identifying and describing skills was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Following a review of the qualitative data, three recurring themes were identified among responses. Conclusion: ePortfolios assist in improving confidence in identification and description of radiographic abnormalities, particularly in an academic setting. The clinical environment presents unique challenges which may limit student clinical performance; however, this requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) are antisense compounds that act directly on pre-mRNA to modulate alternative splicing (AS). This study demonstrates the value that artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) provides for the identification of functional, verifiable, and therapeutic SSOs. We trained XGboost tree models using splicing factor (SF) pre-mRNA binding profiles and spliceosome assembly information to identify modulatory SSO binding sites on pre-mRNA. Using Shapley and out-of-bag analyses we also predicted the identity of specific SFs whose binding to pre-mRNA is blocked by SSOs. This step adds considerable transparency to AI/ML-driven drug discovery and informs biological insights useful in further validation steps. We applied this approach to previously established functional SSOs to retrospectively identify the SFs likely to regulate those events. We then took a prospective validation approach using a novel target in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), NEDD4L exon 13 (NEDD4Le13). Targeting NEDD4Le13 with an AI/ML-designed SSO decreased the proliferative and migratory behavior of TNBC cells via downregulation of the TGFβ pathway. Overall, this study illustrates the ability of AI/ML to extract actionable insights from RNA-seq data. Synopsis: Machine learning models are trained to identify functional splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) and to predict the splicing factors (SFs) inhibited. SSOs are developed for a novel target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Three sources of splicing regulatory information are used to train interpretable XGboost models that predict binding sites for functional SSOs and allow for the identification of SFs regulated by an SSO. The model shows high predictive accuracy in SF-binding perturbation positions critical for AS regulation. A novel alternative splicing target is identified in TNBC, NEDD4L exon 13 (NEDD4Le13). Targeting NEDD4Le13 with the SSO predicted by the model decreases TNBC cell proliferation and migration via downregulation of the TGFβ pathway. Machine learning models are trained to identify functional splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) and to predict the splicing factors (SFs) inhibited. SSOs are developed for a novel target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An active food‐packaging film based on biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was fabricated by spraying benzoic acid (BZ)‐loaded nanocellulose dispersions on corona‐treated PHBV films. Corona treatment augmented surface hydrophilicity (contact angle: 46°) and roughness (~60 nm) of the film. While roughness (10 nm from 60 nm) and oxygen permeability (42 cc/m2 day from 205 cc/m2 day) significantly reduced with unaffected water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength (9.85 MPa) and elongation (1.96%) enhanced upon nanocellulose coating on the corona‐treated film. The BZ (23 wt% loading) containing coated film displayed excellent antibacterial activity up to 6 days, demonstrating immense potential in food‐packaging applications. Highlights: Effect of corona treatment on hydrophobic poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film was evaluated.Surface hydrophilicity and roughness were introduced on PHBV film after corona exposure.Antimicrobial‐loaded Nanofibrillated cellulose coating enhanced antibacterial activity of film preserving its mechanical and barrier properties.BZ‐NFC‐PHBV film increased the shelf life of watermelon juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the need for higher volumetric productivity in biomanufacturing grows, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly investing in a perfusion cell culture process, most commonly one that uses a hollow fiber filter as the cell retention device. A current challenge with using hollow fiber filters is fouling of the membrane, which reduces product sieving and can increase transmembrane pressure (TMP) past process limitations. In this work, the impact of hollow fiber filter geometries on product sieving and hydraulic membrane resistance profiles is evaluated in a tangential flow filtration (TFF) perfusion system. The hollow fibers tested had lengths ranging from 19.8 to 41.5 cm, inner diameters (IDs) ranging from 1.0 to 2.6 mm, and pore sizes of 0.2 or 0.65 μm. The results showed that the shortest hollow fibers experienced higher product sieving while larger IDs contributed to both higher product sieving and lower hydraulic membrane resistances, illustrating the impact of filter geometry on process performance. The results also showed 0.2 μm pore size filters maintain higher product sieving, but also higher membrane resistances compared to 0.65 μm pore size filters. This study highlights the need for optimized hollow fiber filter geometries to maximize use of the membrane area, which in turn can reduce production costs and increase scalability of the perfusion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Osteoblastoma of the frontal sinus, although rare, can manifest with seizures and pneumocephalus, underscoring the importance of thorough evaluation and complete surgical excision to prevent serious complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. Osteoblastoma is an infrequent bone tumor, with origins typically in the vertebrae and long bones. While craniofacial involvement is rare, it may occur in regions such as the paranasal sinuses. We present a case of osteoblastoma located in the frontal sinus, an exceptionally uncommon site, resulting in seizures secondary to pneumocephalus. A 21‐year‐old male presented with a generalized tonic–clonic seizure and postictal confusion. Imaging studies revealed a well‐defined lesion in the left frontal sinus causing cortical breach, destruction of the posterior wall, and pneumocephalus. A total surgical excision was performed through bifrontal craniotomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of osteoblastoma. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with a follow‐up CT scan showing complete lesion excision. Osteoblastomas, especially in the cranial sinuses, are rare entities that may present asymptomatically but can lead to severe complications. The risk of recurrence underscores the importance of complete surgical resection for optimal patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid processing by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is necessary to maintain retinal health and function. Dysregulation of retinal lipid homeostasis due to normal aging or age-related disease triggers lipid accumulation within the RPE, on Bruch's membrane (BrM), and in the subretinal space. In its role as a hub for lipid trafficking into and out of the neural retina, the RPE packages a significant amount of lipid into lipid droplets for storage and into apolipoprotein B (APOB)-containing lipoproteins (Blps) for export. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), encoded by the MTTP gene, is essential for Blp assembly. Herein we test the hypothesis that MTP expression in the RPE is essential to maintain lipid balance and retinal function using the newly generated RPEΔMttp mouse model. Using non-invasive ocular imaging, electroretinography, and histochemical and biochemical analyses we show that genetic depletion of Mttp from the RPE results in intracellular lipid accumulation, increased photoreceptor-associated cholesterol deposits, and photoreceptor cell death, and loss of rod but not cone function. RPE-specific reduction in Mttp had no significant effect on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. While APOB was decreased in the RPE, most ocular retinoids remained unchanged, with the exception of the storage form of retinoid, retinyl ester. Thus suggesting that RPE MTP is critical for Blp synthesis and assembly but is not directly involved in plasma lipoprotein metabolism. These studies demonstrate that RPE-specific MTP expression is necessary to establish and maintain retinal lipid homeostasis and visual function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases. Significance statement: Cellular damage due to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) plays a major pathogenic role in different diseases.Imbalance in oxygen homeostasis alters normal regulation of cellular systems via modulating functions of various cellular organelles.Modulation of hypoxia mediated altered cellular signaling pathway can be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage different disease prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we employ a recently developed biophysical technique that uses diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) covalent labeling and mass spectrometry for the identification of mAb binding patches to two multimodal cation exchange resins at different pH. This approach compares the labeling results obtained in the bound and unbound states to identify residues that are sterically shielded and thus located in the mAb binding domains. The results at pH 6 for one mAb (mAb B) indicated that while the complementarity determining region (CDR) had minimal interactions with both resins, the FC domain was actively involved in binding. In contrast, DEPC/MS data with another mAb (mAb C) indicated that both the CDR and FC domains were actively involved in binding. These results corroborated chromatographic retention data with these two mAbs and their fragments and helped to explain the significantly stronger retention of both the intact mAb C and its Fab fragment. In contrast, labeling results with mAb C at pH 7, indicated that only the CDR played a significant role in resin binding, again corroborating chromatographic data. The binding domains identified from the DEPC/MS experiments were also examined using protein surface hydrophobicity maps obtained using a recently developed sparse sampling molecular dynamics (MD) approach in concert with electrostatic potential maps. These results demonstrate that the DEPC covalent labeling/mass spectrometry technique can provide important information about the domain contributions of multidomain proteins such as monoclonal antibodies when interacting with multimodal resins over a range of pH conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there are still growing concerns with the emergence of different variants,unknown long‐ and short‐term effects of the virus, andpotential biological mechanisms underlying etiopathogenesis and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The role of the microbiome in human physiology and the initiation and progression of several oral and systemic diseases have been actively studied in the past decade. With the proof of viral transmission, carriage, and a potential role in etiopathogenesis, saliva and the oral environment have been a focus of COVID‐19 research beyond diagnostic purposes. The oral environment hosts diverse microbial communities and contributes to human oral and systemic health. Several investigations have identified disruptions in the oral microbiome in COVID‐19 patients. However, all these studies are cross‐sectional in nature and present heterogeneity in study design, techniques, and analysis. Therefore, in this undertaking, we (a) systematically reviewed the current literature associating COVID‐19 with changes in the microbiome; (b) performed a re‐analysis of publicly available data as a means to standardize the analysis, and (c) reported alterations in the microbial characteristics in COVID‐19 patients compared to negative controls. Overall, we identified that COVID‐19 is associated with oral microbial dysbiosis with significant reduction in diversity. However, alterations in specific bacterial members differed across the study. Re‐analysis from our pipeline shed light on Neisseria as the potential key microbial member associated with COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the mammalian hippocampus has been the focus of cellular, anatomical, behavioral, and computational studies aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying cognition. Long recognized as the brain's seat for learning and memory, a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated on how the hippocampus processes sensory input, builds complex associations between objects, events, and space, and stores this information in the form of memories to be retrieved later in life. However, despite major efforts, our understanding of hippocampal cognitive function remains fragmentary, and models trying to explain it are continually revisited. Here, we review the literature across all above‐mentioned domains and offer a new perspective by bringing attention to the most distinctive, and generally neglected, feature of the mammalian hippocampal formation, namely, the structural separability of the two blades of the dentate gyrus into "supra‐pyramidal" and "infra‐pyramidal". Next, we discuss recent reports supporting differential effects of adult neurogenesis in the regulation of mature granule cell activity in these two blades. We propose a model for how differences in connectivity and adult neurogenesis in the two blades can potentially provide a substrate for subtly different cognitive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the promising technologies in industry 4.0, which has the potential to provide a myriad of advantages and offer convenience to individuals' daily lives and efficiency to businesses. Due to the enormous potential of the Internet of things, attention towards its adoption is increasing significantly. Despite the undeniable relevance of this field, the current study aims to synthesize the body of knowledge on IoT adoption using systematic literature review (SPAR‐4‐SLR) with the TCCM framework. A total of 101 articles were carefully selected after a thorough search in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. This study has performed an in‐depth descriptive analysis to present the current state of knowledge. The findings of this study revealed that the Technology acceptance model and Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology were the most widely employed theories and models in previous literature. Furthermore, this study has developed an integrative conceptual framework including antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes. Also, the antecedents are classified into four categories based on the Technology‐organization‐environment framework with end user‐specific category. By integrating the existing knowledge, the study identifies significant gaps and offers a fertile ground for further investigation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable collaboration between manufacturer and supplier has emerged as a crucial supply chain decision for increasing business efficiency. In this study, a theoretical framework is proposed that uses practice‐based view to analyze key performance indicators (KPIs) for developing sustainable collaboration. Further, the current study proposes a novel three‐phase supplier evaluation–selection model to assess the incumbent suppliers on basis of KPIs for showcasing the applicability of theoretical framework. The model uses best–worst method (BWM) in the first phase for generating weights of KPI, adopts the TODIM approach in the second phase for evaluation of suppliers, and develops a supplier classification grid in the third phase for analyzing the impact of each selection strategy to be adopted. The novelty of the study is in evaluation of suppliers based on the KPIs with consideration of desirability as well as the potentiality metric and in consideration of the selection strategies, namely, supplier retention, supplier development, and supplier switching. A case study of India's leading home appliances company is taken to demonstrate the application of the current study. The result of BWM reveals that in terms of supplier's potentiality, "quality" emerges as a strong KPI while KPI "information disclosure" gains more importance while considering supplier's desirability towards strengthening the sustainable relationship. The TODIM grid analysis result suggests that suppliers with high performance in both metrics clearly qualify as the best suppliers and must be retained, while the suppliers performing low in both areas must be switched. For suppliers with metric values in conflict with each other, a trade‐off analysis is needed. Important research and managerial implications are drawn from the validation of the proposed framework, which can be useful for researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a rare case of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) presenting as Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (PAI) in a 43-year-old male. The patient experienced symptoms such as fever, flank pain, dizziness, and fatigue. Blood tests revealed thrombocytopenia and further investigations showed enlarged adrenal glands with hemorrhage. The patient was diagnosed with APS based on imaging findings, low cortisol levels, and elevated antiphospholipid antibodies. Treatment with corticosteroids and other medications led to improvement in symptoms and renal function. The article emphasizes the importance of considering APS as a potential cause of PAI and highlights the need for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications and mortality. [Extracted from the article]

MXene QDs (MQDs) have been effectively used in several fields of biomedical research. Considering the role of hyperactivation of immune system in infectious diseases, especially in COVID‐19, MQDs stand as a potential candidate as a nanotherapeutic against viral infections. However, the efficacy of MQDs against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has not been tested yet. In this study, Ti3C2 MQDs are synthesized and their potential in mitigating SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is investigated. Physicochemical characterization suggests that MQDs are enriched with abundance of bioactive functional groups such as oxygen, hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine groups as well as surface titanium oxides. The efficacy of MQDs is tested in VeroE6 cells infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. These data demonstrate that the treatment with MQDs is able to mitigate multiplication of virus particles, only at very low doses such as 0,15 µg mL−1. Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of MQD‐mediated anti‐COVID properties, global proteomics analysis are performed and determined differentially expressed proteins between MQD‐treated and untreated cells. Data reveal that MQDs interfere with the viral life cycle through different mechanisms including the Ca2+ signaling pathway, IFN‐α response, virus internalization, replication, and translation. These findings suggest that MQDs can be employed to develop future immunoengineering‐based nanotherapeutics strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production of biopharmaceuticals depth filters followed by sterile filters are often employed to remove residual cell debris present in the feed stream. In the back drop of a global pandemic, supply chains associated with the production of biopharmaceuticals have been constrained. These constraints have limited the available amount of depth filters for the manufacture of biologics. This has placed manufacturing facilities in a difficult position having to choose between running processes with reduced number of depth filters and risking a failed batch or the prospect of plants going into temporary shutdown until the depth filter resources are replenished. This communication describes a modeling based method that leverages manufacturing scale filtration data to predict the depth filter performance with a reduced number of filters and an increased operational flux. This method can be used to quantify the acceptable level of area reduction before which the filtration process performance is affected. This enables facilities to manage their filter inventory avoiding potential plant shutdowns and reduces the risks of negative depth filter performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is significant interest in identifying the preferred binding domains of biological products to various chromatographic materials. In this work, we develop a biophysical technique that uses diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) based covalent labeling in concert with enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry to identify the binding patches for proteins bound to commercially available multimodal (MM) cation exchange chromatography resins. The technique compares the changes in covalent labeling of the protein in solution and in the bound state and uses the differences in this labeling to identify residues that are sterically shielded upon resin binding and, therefore, potentially involved in the resin binding process. Importantly, this approach enables the labeling of many amino acids and can be carried out over a pH range of 5.5–7.5, thus enabling the protein surface mapping at conditions of interest in MM cation exchange systems. The protocol is first developed using the model protein ubiquitin and the results indicate that lysine residues located on the front face of the protein show dramatic changes in DEPC labeling while residues present on other regions have minimal or no reductions. This indicates that the front face of ubiquitin is likely involved in resin binding. In addition, surface property maps indicate that the hypothesized front face binding region consists of overlapping positively charged and hydrophobic patches. The technique is then employed with an IgG1 FC and the results indicate that residues on the CH2–CH3 interface and the hinge are significantly sterically shielded upon binding to the resin. Further, these regions are again associated with significant overlap of positively charged and hydrophobic patches. On the other hand, while, residues on the CH2 and the front face of the IgG1 FC also exhibited some changes in DEPC labeling upon binding, these regions have less distinct charged and hydrophobic patches. Importantly, the hypothesized binding patches identified for both ubiquitin and FC using this approach are shown to be consistent with previously reported NMR studies. In contrast to NMR, this new approach enables the identification of preferred binding regions without the need for isotopically labeled proteins or chemical shift assignments. The technique developed in this work sets the stage for the evaluation of the binding domains of a wide range of biological products to chromatographic surfaces, with important implications for designing biomolecules with improved biomanufacturability properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemosiderophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are commonly ascribed to exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). Little information exists regarding the presence of these cells in horses that perform light or no work and that are referred for respiratory problems. Objectives: Evaluate the presence of hemosiderophages in BALF of horses suspected of respiratory disease without history of or risk factors for EIPH and determine predictors of hemosiderophages in BALF in this population. Methods: Observational retrospective cross‐sectional study using STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reports of 353 horses evaluated for respiratory disease between 2012 and 2022 at the Cummings School for Veterinary Medicine were reviewed retrospectively. Horses with a history or likelihood of having performed past strenuous exercise were removed, and the remaining 91 horses were divided into hemosiderin‐positive (HSD‐POS) and hemosiderin‐negative groups based on Perls' Prussian blue staining. Potential predictors for the presence of hemosiderophages in BALF (history, clinical evaluation, baseline lung function, airway reactivity, BALF cytology, and hemosiderin score) were compared between the 2 groups, using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Horses with a diagnosis of severe equine asthma (sEA; odds ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.2‐38.5; P <.001) were significantly more likely to be HSD‐POS than horses with mild‐to‐moderate equine asthma. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hemosiderophages were found in the BALF cytology in a subset of horses that perform light or no work and presented for respiratory signs; these cells were found more frequently in horses with sEA. The link between hemosiderophages and sEA highlights previously unstudied pathology associated with this common disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Joint hypermobility in Ehlers‐Danlos Syndromes (EDS) predisposes persons with EDS to frequent subluxations and dislocations, chronic arthralgia, and soft‐tissue rheumatism. Epidemiologic trends of rheumatologic conditions among persons with EDS are lacking. Prescription claims databases can reflect underlying disease burdens by using medication claims as disease proxies. We examined the prevalence of prescription claims for commonly prescribed immunomodulator and antiinflammatory (IMD) drugs among persons with EDS compared with their matched control person, and hypothesized peripubertal increases among female persons with EDS. Methods: We compared the percentages of IMD drug prescription claims among 3,484 persons with EDS (ages 5–62 years) against their age‐, sex‐, state of residence‐, and earliest claim date–matched control persons using 10 years (2005–2014) of private prescription claims data and a minimum 2‐year enrollment inclusion criterion. Results: Our cohort comprised 70% adults and 74% female persons. At least 1 IMD medication was prescribed to 65.4% of persons with EDS compared with 47.4% of control persons. We observed 1.3 to 4.2 times higher odds (P < 0.0001) for 5 out of 6 IMD drug classes among persons with EDS compared with matched control persons, except for biologic agents (conditional odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 0.8–2.0). Peripubertal increases were observed for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, oral, and injectable steroids. Conclusions: To our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the full range of IMD drug prescription claim trends among persons with EDS. We believe our research findings can have notable diagnostic and management implications for EDS patients who present with multiple comorbidities and generally require a more granular assessment of their medical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep trade agreements (DTAs) are widespread and have taken the world beyond tariff liberalization in goods trade. As the importance of global supply chains and the services sector has increased across the world, shallow tariff reductions have given way to deeper commitments that address non‐tariff barriers and behind‐the‐border barriers to trade. This paper shows that DTA commitments undertaken since the Uruguay Round have increased trade in goods and trade in services by over half in the long term. Taking reduced‐form trade elasticity estimates to a general equilibrium quantitative model, DTAs contributed over 40% to the welfare gains from trade globally and even more for advanced economies. China, India and the Eastern European bloc benefited the most from trade agreements. While most of the gains in China and India came from tariff reductions, the gains to Eastern Europe came largely from deep commitments during its accession to the EU. Applying the DTA estimates to ex ante analysis of Brexit, the losses to the UK from its departure from the deepest trade agreement in the world would not be offset by new deep trade deals with key non‐EU trade partners. This paper is part of the Economica 100 Series. Economica, the LSE "house journal" is now 100 years old. To commemorate this achievement, we are publishing 100 papers by former students, as well as current and former faculty. Swati Dhingra is an Associate Professor of Economics at the LSE. Rebecca Freeman is a Senior Economist at the Bank of England and a Trade Associate at CEP, LSE. Hanwei Huang is a an Assistant Professor at the City University of Hong Kong. He received his PhD in Economics from the LSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile financial services (MFS) have been a powerful innovation to provide cost‐effective services and wide coverage to the unbanked population of the world. The topic has gained considerable attention from researchers but lacks a clear guideline or directions for future prospects. Therefore, this article presents a systematic literature review on MFS adoption. Using the Web of Science database, the paper reviewed 118 articles and revealed significant models, conceptual frameworks, antecedents and variables that explain consumers' adoption of MFS. The paper also outlines highly cited authors, studies and journals utilizing international platforms such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate and SCImago Journal Ranking. The findings of the systematic literature review indicate the technology acceptance model (TAM) followed by the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as the leading conceptual framework, and MFS adoption antecedents can be organized into six different categories, viz. Cognitive determinants, affective determinants, social‐based determinants, trust‐based determinants, barrier‐based determinants and consumer‐based determinants. The paper concluded with an agenda for future studies with corresponding gaps in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore ultrasonography as a single imaging modality for the initial assessment of parotid lesions compared to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed on 264 parotid gland lesions evaluated in a dedicated point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) clinic with concurrent fine needle biopsy (FNB). Two hundred and nine of these lesions also underwent CT or MRI imaging. Histopathology results, when available, were recorded and compared to imaging impressions. Results: Surgeon‐performed POCUS classified parotid masses accurately when compared to final histopathology (90/96, 94%). Using predefined criteria, POCUS determined the nature of parotid lesions more definitively than the descriptive CT or MRI radiology reports (p <.001). Sub‐analysis showed that ultrasonography was able to distinguish between benign pathologies with high degree of accuracy (Warthin tumor—82%, pleomorphic adenoma—64%). Conclusions: POCUS can accurately distinguish between benign and malignant parotid lesions. POCUS may suffice as the only imaging study for benign lesions, obviating the need for additional cross‐sectional imaging. This can be combined with fine needle or core biopsy in the same visit, resulting in expedient diagnosis, low cost, and lack of radiation exposure. Level of Evidence: 2b, individual cross‐sectional cohort study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with high levels of distress, co‐morbid mental health issues, and elevated risk of suicide. Previous literature indicates that emotion regulation is the most endorsed function of NSSI. Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) provides a powerful tool for investigating the moment‐to‐moment associations between emotional states and NSSI thoughts and behaviours. The aim of the current study was to systematically review and evaluate ESM research concerning the relationship between momentary emotional states and NSSI. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases from date of inception to 16th April 2021 was conducted. This was supplemented through backwards citation tracking. A risk of bias assessment was completed prior to data synthesis. Results: Nineteen eligible studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Heightened negative affect was found to typically precede instances of NSSIT thoughts and behaviour. Results were less consistent for positive affect. Limitations: Sample sizes across studies were often small, meaningful effect sizes were not always reported, and non‐validated measures of NSSI thoughts and behaviour were used during ESM assessments. Conclusions: The results support affect regulation models of NSSI, and demonstrate the value of ESM studies, specifically those sampling more than once per day, in plotting the temporal, "in‐the‐moment" characteristics of these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although predictors of reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling postmitral valve repair are critical for guiding perioperative decision‐making, there remains a paucity of randomized, prospective data to support the criteria that potential predictor variables must meet. Methods and Results: The CAMRA CardioLink‐2 randomized trial allocated 104 patients to either leaflet resection or preservation strategies for mitral repair. The correlation of indexed left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESVI), indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDVI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were tested with univariate analysis and subsequently with multivariate analysis to determine independent predictors of reverse remodeling at discharge and at 12 months postoperatively. At discharge, both LVESVI and LVEDVI were independently associated with their preoperative values (p <.001 for both) and LVEF by preoperative LVESVI (p <.001). Mitral ring size was favorably associated with the change in LVESVI (p <.05) and LVEF (p <.01) from predischarge to 12 months, while the mean mitral valve gradient after repair was adversely associated with the change in LVESVI (p <.05) and LVEDVI (p <.05). No significant associations were found between reverse remodeling and coaptation height nor mitral repair technique. Conclusions: Beyond confirming the lack of impact of mitral repair technique on reverse remodeling, this investigation suggests that recommending surgery before significant LV dilatation or dysfunction, as well as higher postoperative mitral valve hemodynamic performance, may enhance remodeling capacity following mitral repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the adoption rate of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) scoring system over a 3-year period in a community setting and compare its performance with that of the American Thyroid Association 2015 (ATA 2015) ultrasound risk scoring system. Study Design: Case series with prospective data collection and retrospective chart review. Setting: Large community-based practice with multiple satellite offices and a dedicated thyroid ultrasound clinic. Methods: All patients referred to the thyroid clinic between January 2018 and December 2020 for ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy were assigned an ATA 2015 risk score in a prospective manner immediately prior to biopsy. ACR TI-RADS scores were recorded through retrospective chart review of the radiologist report. Performance of the 2 systems was compared with cytology as the gold standard. Results: A total of 949 nodules underwent biopsy, of which 236 had available data for both scoring systems. There was a 33.8% increase in adoption of the ACR TI-RADS over the 3-year study period. The ATA 2015 guidelines yielded sensitivity and specificity of 81.6% and 54.5%, respectively, as opposed to 73.7% and 27.0% for the ACR TI-RADS. Conclusion: In our community, there has been a gradual increase in adoption of the ACR TI-RADS, although the ATA 2015 risk scoring system has performed better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among subjects with exercise intolerance and suspected early‐stage pulmonary hypertension (PH), early identification of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) with noninvasive methods is essential for prompt PH management. Hypothesis: Rest gas exchange parameters (minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production ratio: VE/VCO2 and end‐tidal carbon dioxide: ETCO2) can identify PVD in early‐stage PH. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 55 subjects with early‐stage PH (per echocardiogram), undergoing invasive exercise hemodynamics with cardiopulmonary exercise test to distinguish exercise intolerance mechanisms. Based on the rest and exercise hemodynamics, three distinct phenotypes were defined: (1) PVD, (2) pulmonary venous hypertension, and (3) noncardiac dyspnea (no rest or exercise PH). For all tests, *p <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 63.3 ± 13.4 years (53% female). In the overall cohort, higher rest VE/VCO2 and lower rest ETCO2 (mm Hg) correlated with high rest and exercise pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r ~ 0.5–0.6*). On receiver‐operating characteristic analysis to predict PVD (vs. non‐PVD) subjects with noninvasive metrics, area under the curve for pulmonary artery systolic pressure (echocardiogram) = 0.53, rest VE/VCO2 = 0.70* and ETCO2 = 0.73*. Based on this, optimal thresholds of rest VE/VCO2 > 40 mm Hg and rest ETCO2 < 30 mm Hg were applied to the overall cohort. Subjects with both abnormal gas exchange parameters (n = 12, vs. both normal parameters, n = 19) had an exercise PVR 5.2 ± 2.6* (vs. 1.9 ± 1.2), mPAP/CO slope with exercise 10.2 ± 6.0* (vs. 2.9 ± 2.0), and none included subjects from the noncardiac dyspnea group. Conclusions: In a broad cohort of subjects with suspected early‐stage PH, referred for invasive exercise testing to distinguish mechanisms of exercise intolerance, rest gas exchange parameters (VE/VCO2 > 40 mm Hg and ETCO2 < 30 mm Hg) identify PVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors for heart failure in black patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Reported rate ratios for the primary outcome from one trial of an ARNI in HFpEF were 0.69 (95% CI 0.24, 1.99) in black patients compared with 0.83 (95% CI 0.71, 0.97; I p i -interaction not provided) in white patients. Black patients have a disproportionately high incidence of heart failure (HF).[1] Black patients present at an earlier age with HF and have worse outcomes compared to non-black patients.[1] Despite this, they are often underrepresented in clinical trials.[2] Targeted trials in this high-risk population such as the African American Heart Failure (A-HeFT) trial have been infrequent.[3] The disparate effects of established classes of HF therapeutics including beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) according to race have been previously described.[[4]] The efficacy of newer medical therapies in black patients with HF remains an important and unanswered question. Prior analyses have suggested that some HF therapies such as spironolactone may be less effective in black patients.[[4], [22]] Finally, our results highlight the need to increase representation of black patients in HF trials. [Extracted from the article]

Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor 2 (ATAF2) plays extensive regulatory roles in pathogenesis, seedling development, and stress responses. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis on ATAF2 loss- and gain-of-function mutants to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology analyses on DEGs reveal that ATAF2 enhances seedling responses to multiple hormone and stress signals. In particular, our transcriptome analysis suggests that ATAF2 promotes ethylene biosynthesis and responses via activating relevant genes. This novel role of ATAF2 was further demonstrated by using multiple ATAF2-null and overexpression lines for reverse transcription quantitative PCR verification, ethylene production measurements, and assays of seedlings growth responses to the ethylene immediate biosynthetic precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). ACC suppresses ATAF2 expression to form a negative feedback regulation loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced to standardize reporting of salivary gland cytopathology. Methods: A retrospective review of ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions was performed between January 2018 and May 2021 at a community otolaryngology practice. Diagnostic accuracy and rate of diagnostic sialoadenectomy were calculated. Results: A total of 203 FNAs (fine needle aspiration) were performed in 184 patients. MSRSGC was utilized in 87/203 cytopathology reports, with a diagnostic accuracy of 84%. Descriptive reporting was used in 115 FNAs, with a diagnostic accuracy of 89% (p = 0.68). Sialoadenectomy rate was 41% for MSRSGC compared to 36% in descriptive cytopathology (p = 0.48). Conclusions: MSRSGC is as accurate as descriptive cytopathology and the rate of diagnostic sialoadenectomy between both groups is similar in our community. The MSRSGC brings uniformity and standardization to the FNA reporting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty‐five years ago, a new physiological preparation called the working heart–brainstem preparation (WHBP) was introduced with the claim it would provide a new platform allowing studies not possible before in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, autonomic and respiratory research. Herein, we review some of the progress made with the WHBP, some advantages and disadvantages along with potential future applications, and provide photographs and technical drawings of all the customised equipment used for the preparation. Using mice or rats, the WHBP is an in situ experimental model that is perfused via an extracorporeal circuit benefitting from unprecedented surgical access, mechanical stability of the brain for whole cell recording and an uncompromised use of pharmacological agents akin to in vitro approaches. The preparation has revealed novel mechanistic insights into, for example, the generation of distinct respiratory rhythms, the neurogenesis of sympathetic activity, coupling between respiration and the heart and circulation, hypothalamic and spinal control mechanisms, and peripheral and central chemoreceptor mechanisms. Insights have been gleaned into diseases such as hypertension, heart failure and sleep apnoea. Findings from the in situ preparation have been ratified in conscious in vivo animals and when tested have translated to humans. We conclude by discussing potential future applications of the WHBP including two‐photon imaging of peripheral and central nervous systems and adoption of pharmacogenetic tools that will improve our understanding of physiological mechanisms and reveal novel mechanisms that may guide new treatment strategies for cardiorespiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We relay the case of a middle-aged male and his mother, an elderly female, who presented with folie à deux in the context of shared delusions of persecution and somatization during the COVID-19 quarantine period. The delusions were described as electric microwave shocks being transmitted to their internal organs by neighbors, followed by somatic symptoms of palpitations, headaches, and a shock-like perception. To the best of our knowledge, there have not been any reports that describe the development of folie à deux in the setting of the COVID-19 quarantine. Folie à deux may be defined as delusions affecting two or more individuals, usually first-degree relatives. Delusions classically transmit from one person, coined the inducer, to one or several individuals, the induced, who share and may expand on the communicated delusions. The preconditions that must exist for folie à deux to develop are an intimate emotional association between the inducer and the induced and a genetic predisposition to psychosis, such as blood relations with primary relatives. Isolation from society has also been considered a potential risk factor for shared psychosis in the recent literature. Given that to the best of our knowledge, there have not been any reports describing the development of folie à deux in the setting of the COVID-19 quarantine, the authors aim to dissect how extended periods of shared isolation from society during such a significant time in history may have served as a significant precipitating factor in the onset of shared psychotic disorder, while simultaneously illustrating a parallel relation to how such conditions may predispose certain subgroups to similarly dynamic-based mental health disorders. In addition, an evaluation of the origins and multifactorial etiology of folie à deux, along with that of existing treatment modalities, and the emphasis on advancement toward more effective treatment approaches will be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to be an effective therapy in improving heart failure outcomes. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients with either a reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Methods and results: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for large (≥1000 patients) randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo in the setting of heart failure until September 2021. Our primary outcome was the composite of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death, and secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality and total heart failure hospitalizations. We pooled hazard ratios and risk ratios and evaluated risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Four randomized controlled trials (DAPA HF, EMPEROR‐Preserved, EMPEROR‐Reduced, and SOLOIST‐WHF) were included (n = 15 684); two of which evaluated patients with a reduced LVEF, one of which evaluated patients with a preserved LVEF, and one of which included both. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in the composite of CV death and heart failure hospitalization (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.82, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001). This was consistent in sub‐groups of patients with LVEF ≤40% (n = 9199, HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.81, I2: 0%) and LVEF >40% (n = 6482, HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.89, I2: 0%, P‐for‐interaction: 0.57), as well as in sub‐groups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus at baseline (P‐for‐interaction: 0.81). SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular death (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.97, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001) and total heart failure hospitalization (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.76, I2: 0%, P < 0.00001); although a potential trend towards reduced all‐cause mortality was noted with SGLT2 inhibitors, no statistically significant difference was observed (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.00, I2: 14%, P = 0.05). Conclusions: Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization among patients with heart failure, regardless of LVEF status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of 2D structures into other low‐dimensional materials results in the development of distinct van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHSs) with enhanced properties. However, obtaining 2D–1D–0D vdWHSs of technologically useful next generation materials, transition‐metal carbide MXene and monoelemental Xene nanosheets in a single superlattice heterostructure is still challenging. Here, the fabrication of a new multidimensional superlattice heterostructure "GerMXene" from exfoliated M3X2Tx MXene and hydrogenated germanane (GeH) crystals, is reported. Direct experimental evidence for conversion of hydrothermally activated titanium carbide MXene (A‐MXene) to GerMXene heterostructure through the rapid and spontaneous formation of titanium germanide (TiGe2 and Ti6Ge5) bonds, is provided. The obtained GerMXene heterostructure possesses enhanced surface properties, aqueous dispersibility, and Dirac signature of embedded GeH nanosheets as well as quantum dots. GerMXene exhibits functional bioactivity, electrical conductivity, and negative surface charge, paving ways for its applications in biomedical field, electronics, and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a small library of few 1‐deoxysphingolipid ceramides has been designed and synthesized via an efficient UGI multicomponent reaction. The deoxy sphingosine intermediate (10) synthesized via Grignard reaction and olefin metathesis reaction was used as the amine component with cyclohexyl isocyanide and various aldehydes. The butyric acid has been used as an acid component which may turn out be an advantage due to the chemo preventive properties of the acid formed after the partial hydrolysis of the ceramide. Compounds (1‐6) has been synthesised via a short and facile route in high purity and yield. Molecular docking of all the analogues has been carried out with protein Sphingosine Kinase I using BiopredictaVlife MDS tool to determine the relative docking score and ligand‐protein interactions. Further in vitro studies were performed on PC‐3 (prostate cancer) and HCT‐116 (colon cancer) cell lines in which four compounds (1‐4) showed reasonable anti‐cancer activity against both the cell lines while compound (3) showed highest activity with IC50 value of 0.344 μM against PC‐3 (prostate cancer) cell lines and 0.624 μM against HCT‐116 (colon cancer) cell lines. Compound (4) showed IC50 value of 0.472 μM against HCT‐116 (colon cancer) cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing health concerns on reused fried oils are addressed globally in terms of total polar materials (TPM) of frying oil (FO). However, consumer perspective mandates the monitoring of absorbed oil (AO). This prompted the evaluation of AO quality by collecting 100 samples of fried products from different cities in India. The TPM of AO extracted (3.96%–24.59%) revealed a strong negative correlation with price (0.58–0.97), while that of para‐anisidine (6.90–119.10) and TOTOX (13.67–126.8) showed a fairly negative correlation (0.45–0.95, 0.15–0.96, respectively) with price. No such trend was observed with the primary oxidation indicators. Furthermore, various products having different moisture contents were fried over 10 frying cycles and the oil extracted therefrom was evaluated. TPM of AO (17.75%) was higher than FO (14.89%) for high moisture raw materials and also increased with frying cycles. These results suggest the possibility of frying oil reuse and an urgent need to regulate the AO. Novelty impact statement: The health concerns on repetitive frying are addressed by evaluating the Total polar materials content (TPM) of frying oil, wherein hazards need to be monitored at the exposure site (absorbed oil). The outcome of oil quality evaluation of numerous commercial and experimental fried samples infers a strong correlation of TPM in absorbed oil with price, raw material moisture content, and frying cycles. Besides, the experimental trials also highlighted a significant increase in TPM in absorbed oil over frying oil for high moisture samples, suggesting an urgent need for regulating absorbed oil quality in fried foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical and experimental investigations of various exfoliated samples taken from layered In4Se3 crystals are performed. In spite of the ionic character of interlayer interactions in In4Se3 and hence much higher calculated cleavage energies compared to graphite, it is possible to produce few‐nanometer‐thick flakes of In4Se3 by mechanical exfoliation of its bulk crystals. The In4Se3 flakes exfoliated on Si/SiO2 have anisotropic electronic properties and exhibit field‐effect electron mobilities of about 50 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, which are comparable with other popular transition metal chalcogenide (TMC) electronic materials, such as MoS2 and TiS3. In4Se3 devices exhibit a visible range photoresponse on a timescale of less than 30 ms. The photoresponse depends on the polarization of the excitation light consistent with symmetry‐dependent band structure calculations for the most expected ac cleavage plane. These results demonstrate that mechanical exfoliation of layered ionic In4Se3 crystals is possible, while the fast anisotropic photoresponse makes In4Se3 a competitive electronic material, in the TMC family, for emerging optoelectronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]