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Summary: While flowering plants have diversified in virtually every terrestrial clime, climate constrains the distribution of individual lineages. Overcoming climatic constraints may be associated with diverse evolutionary phenomena including whole genome duplication (WGD), gene‐tree conflict, and life‐history changes. Climatic shifts may also have facilitated increases in flowering plant diversification rates. We investigate climatic shifts in the flowering plant order Ericales, which consists of c. 14 000 species with diverse climatic tolerances.We estimate phylogenetic trees from transcriptomic data, 64 chloroplast loci, and Angiosperms353 nuclear loci that, respectively, incorporate 147, 4508, and 2870 Ericales species. We use these phylogenetic trees to analyse how climatic shifts are associated with WGD, gene‐tree conflict, life‐history, and diversification rates.Early branches in the phylogenetic trees are extremely short, and have high levels of gene‐tree conflict and at least one WGD. On lineages descended from these early branches, there is a significant association between climatic shifts (primarily out of tropical climates), further WGDs, and life‐history.Extremely short early branches, and their associated gene‐tree conflict and WGDs, appear to underpin the explosive origin of numerous species rich Ericales clades. The evolution of diverse climatic tolerances in these species rich clades is tightly associated with WGD and life‐history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the issue of plastic waste persisting and the need for more sustainable solutions to the ever‐increasing demand for lightweight and durable plastic products, this review has become imminent and compelling. Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with exceptional film‐forming ability resembling those of low‐density polyethylene. PBAT has a huge advantage for packaging applications due to its remarkably high elongation at break, giving it a good processing window for its application in packaging. However, certain defiant intrinsic properties stand in the way of its full commercialization. The development of blends and biocomposites of PBAT has, therefore, become imperative for complementing its properties and producing a superior material. This paper focuses on the recent developments in preparing PBAT‐based blends and biocomposites with superior mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties and, most importantly, has also investigated how the development of these blends and biocomposites impacts the biodegradation rate of PBAT. It also highlights the possible synthesis of bio‐based PBAT and the commercialization, market trends, and prospects of PBAT‐based materials for flexible, rigid packaging, and other industrial applications compared with biodegradable alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respiratory dysfunction is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is unclear what parameters are sensitive to diagnose and monitor respiratory dysfunction across disease phases. Objectives: We aimed to characterize respiratory dysfunction in mild to moderate PD. Methods: In 20 individuals without cardiopulmonary comorbidity, pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function testing were performed ON‐medication. Subsequently, the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) was assessed by gradually decreasing FIO2 from 0.209 (room air) to 0.127, which was compared to eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls under arterial blood gas monitoring. Lastly, on different days, the same 20 individuals with PD underwent six blinded exposures to 45‐min normobaric hypoxia at FiO2 0.163 and 0.127 or placebo OFF‐medication to assess breathing responses. Results: At rest, individuals with greatest PD severity had a lower tidal volume (pairwise comparisons: 0.59 vs. 0.74, P = 0.038–0.050) and tended to have a higher breathing frequency (17.7 vs. 14.4, P = 0.076), despite normal pulmonary function. A 45‐min exposure to hypoxia induced a significantly lower acute HVR in individuals with PD compared to controls (−0.0489 vs. 0.133 L.min/%, P = 0.0038). Acute HVR was reduced regardless of disease severity. Subacute HVR in individuals with milder disease tended to be higher compared to those with more advanced disease (P = 0.079). Conclusions: Respiratory dysfunction is present in individuals with PD, including those with relatively mild disease severity, and is characterized by altered breathing patterns at rest, as well as a lower HVR, despite normal pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propylene glycol ethers (PGEs) are organic solvents commonly found as technical grade on the commercial market, as mixtures of secondary (α‐isomer) and primary (β‐isomer, generally < 5%) alcohols. After handling products containing PGEs, they readily enter the human body where they are metabolized. The minor β‐isomer is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) followed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to a potentially harmful metabolite. Although the enzymatic rate is needed to estimate both parent and metabolite internal exposures, kinetic data for many PGEs are still scarce. Therefore, we generated in vitro hepatic intrinsic clearance data for propylene glycol methyl ether β‐isomer (β‐PGME) and its metabolite methoxy propionic acid (2‐MPA) and integrated these data into an in silico toxicokinetic (TK) model. Hepatic clearance values for the model were generated using an established in vitro 3D culture of the human HepaRG cell line and human S9 liver fraction. Our results showed the presence of ADH and ALDH and consequently, the formation of 2‐MPA in the 3D HepaRG and S9 fraction, which was slow to medium. We integrated the hepatic clearance values into the TK model to predict urinary 2‐MPA concentrations. The simulated urinary 2‐MPA concentrations fitted well (within twofold error from observed experimental data) for both liver systems, showing that they were both able to reliably predict the hepatic clearance of β‐PGME. Although S9 is suitable for short‐term studies, 3D cell culture models maintain metabolic competence over days and weeks. This opens the opportunity for long‐term metabolism studies applying the 3D HepaRG model alone or in multi‐organ systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting the rail freight modal share is an ambitious target in Europe and North America. Yards, where freight trains are arranged, can be crucial in realizing this target by reliable dispatching to the network. This paper predicts freight train departures by developing a simulation‐assisted machine learning model with two concepts: general (adding all predictors at once) and step‐wise (adding predictors as they become available in sub‐yard operations) for hump yards with the conventional layout to provide a generalized model for European and North American contexts. The developed model is a decision tree algorithm, validated via 10‐fold cross‐validation. The model's performance on three data sets—a real‐world European yard, a baseline simulation, and an ultimate randomness simulation for a comparable North American yard—shows a respective R2$R^2$ of 0.90, 0.87, and 0.70. Step‐wise inclusion of the predictors results differently for the real‐world and simulation data. The global feature importance highlights maximum planned length, departure weekday, the number of arriving trains, and minimum arrival deviation as key predictors for the real‐world data. For the simulation data, the most significant predictors are departure yard predictors, the number of arriving trains, and the maximum hump duration. Additionally, utilization rates—except for the receiving yard—enhance the predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)–associated uveitis (JIAU) is a serious JIA comorbidity that can result in vision impairment. This study aimed to identify genetic risk factors within the major histocompatibility complex for JIAU and evaluate their contribution for improving risk classification when combined with clinical risk factors. Methods: Data on single nucleotide polymorphisms, amino acids, and classical HLA alleles were available for 2,497 patients with JIA without uveitis and 579 patients with JIAU (female 2,060, male 1,015). Analysis was restricted to patients with inferred European ancestry. Forward conditional logistic regression identified genetic markers exceeding a Bonferroni‐corrected significance (6 × 10−6). Multivariable logistic regression estimated the effects of clinical and genetic risk factors, and a likelihood ratio test calculated the improvement in model fit when adding genetic factors. Uveitis risk classification performance of a model integrating genetic and clinical risk factors was estimated using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and compared with a model of clinical risk factors alone. Results: Three genetic risk factors were identified, mapping to HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DPB1, and HLA‐A. These markers were statistically independent from clinical risk factors and significantly improved the fit of a model when included with clinical risk factors (P = 3.3 × 10−23). The addition of genetic markers improved the classification of JIAU compared with a model of clinical risk factors alone (area under the curve 0.75 vs 0.71). Conclusion: Integration of a genetic and clinical risk prediction model outperforms a model based solely on clinical risk factors. Future JIAU risk prediction models should include genetic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pompe disease is a rare glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in the enzyme acid α‐glucosidase (GAA) resulting in pathological accumulation of glycogen in muscle tissues leading to progressive weakness and respiratory dysfunction. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with GAA is currently the sole treatment option for patients with Pompe disease. ERT burdens patients with frequent intravenous infusions while insufficiently halting disease progression due to incomplete ERT skeletal muscle distribution. Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) has been proposed as a substrate reduction therapy (SRT) target for Pompe disease. Here, we report results from the first‐in‐human study of the orally available GYS1 inhibitor MZE001 in healthy subjects. In 88 participants, MZE001 was well‐tolerated up to a single dose of 480 mg BID and multiple doses of 720 mg BID for 10 days. Noncompartmental analysis determined that the half‐life and Ctrough concentrations of MZE001 could provide efficacious exposures with once or twice daily oral dosing. Change from baseline of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) glycogen, which correlated with muscle glycogen levels in preclinical models, was significantly reduced dose‐dependently following 10 days of MZE001 treatment in healthy subjects. A muscle biopsy sub‐study demonstrated that 10 days of MZE001 (480 mg BID) dosing safely and substantially lowered muscle glycogen stores in healthy adults. This correlated with the PBMC exposure response and supports the use of PBMC glycogen reduction as a surrogate for muscle response, and MZE001 potential for development as the first oral substrate reduction therapy for patients with Pompe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialization of zinc metal batteries (ZMBs) for large‐scale energy storage is hindered by challenges such as dendrite formation, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and passivation/corrosion, which lead to poor stability of zinc metal anodes. HER is a primary contributor to this instability, and despite efforts to enhance ZMB cyclability, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the origin of HER in these systems. Prior works, based primarily on theoretical calculations with minimal experimental support, suggest that HER originates from Zn2⁺‐solvated water. For the first time, by employing scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and electrochemical mass spectrometry (ECMS), in real‐time the inherently intertwined nature of Zn electrodeposition and H₂ liberation is revealed, both exhibiting the same onset potential in voltammetry. The findings show that water molecules surrounding Zn2⁺ ions undergo reduction simultaneously during Zn2⁺ deposition. Additionally, ECMS conducted under chronopotentiometric/galvanostatic conditions at battery‐relevant current densities elucidates why elevated electrolyte concentrations enhance the prolonged cyclability of ZMBs. Understanding the origin of HER opens avenues for developing high‐performance, reliable aqueous ZMBs, addressing key challenges in their commercialization and advancing their technological capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana provide powerful systems to study the adaptation of wild plant species. Previous research has predominantly focused on global populations or accessions collected from regions with diverse climates. However, little is known about the genetics underlying adaptation in regions with mild environmental clines. We have examined a diversity panel consisting of 192 A. thaliana accessions collected from the Netherlands, a region with limited climatic variation. Despite the relatively uniform climate, we identified evidence of local adaptation within this population. Notably, semidwarf accessions, due to mutation of the GIBBERELLIC ACID REQUIRING 5 (GA5) gene, occur at a relatively high frequency near the coast and these displayed enhanced tolerance to high wind velocities. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of the population under iron deficiency conditions and found that allelic variation in the FE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 3 (FSD3) gene affects tolerance to low iron levels. Moreover, we explored patterns of local adaptation to environmental clines in temperature and precipitation, observing that allelic variation at LA RELATED PROTEIN 1C (LARP1c) likely affects drought tolerance. Not only is the genetic variation observed in a diversity panel of A. thaliana collected in a region with mild environmental clines comparable to that in collections sampled over larger geographic ranges but it is also sufficiently rich to elucidate the genetic and environmental factors underlying natural plant adaptation. Significance Statement: Understanding the genetic and phenotypic diversity contributing to environmental adaptation is a fundamental goal in plant biology. Here, we present a regional population of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the Netherlands, the DartMap panel, as a new resource to study allelic variants driving adaptation to mild variations in local environmental conditions. We identified three new loci, and the genes involved, providing adaptation to unrelated environmental factors, such as high wind speed, iron deficiency, and seasonal precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the sufficiency theory of justice in health, justice requires that people have equal access to adequate health. In this article, I lay out the structure of this view and I assess its distributive implications for setting priority (i) between health needs across persons and (ii) between health care spending and other societal goods. I argue, first, that according to the sufficiency theory, deficiency in health cannot be completely offset by providing other societal goods. And, second, that it can prevent the medicalization of societies by stressing that improvements beyond the level of adequate health have relatively little weight, if any, from the standpoint of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows eating disorders increase the mortality rate: anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate and yet an accurate morbidity rate of bulimia nervosa remains hidden. However, research on the endopsychic structural dynamics that perpetuate in patients with eating disorders is scant. This essay depicts the use of Fairbairn's theory of endopsychic personality structure in understanding anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Fairbairn, of the independent group of British object relations theorists, provides a picture of the endopsychic structure based on the conscious and unconscious psychodynamics between partial ego/part‐object dyads. Using three case histories, the following pages illustrate the incessantly present endopsychic permutations of the aforementioned dynamics and the possibility of the entrapment in one of these or swinging from one to the other in eating disorders. The essay also shows that early traumatic experiences are present in the case history of individuals with any one of these eating disorders and despite their manifested behavioural differences, they result from the widening of fissures in the universal split in the psyche due to emotional and/or physical abuse. Finally, using Fairbairn's theory, the analysis in the essay explains the comorbidity of certain eating disorders and borderline personality structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procedure to estimate the amplitude of the special wind events according to IEC 61400‐1 as proposed by Larsen is reviewed. Corrections are specified that yield larger amplitudes for the extreme operating gust (EOG) and the extreme coherent gust with simultaneous direction change (ECD). For the ECD case, distributions for longitudinal and lateral gust amplitudes are derived and applied in simulations to derive the load distribution, from which the 50‐year extreme load can be found. Results are compared with the calculation with the conventional ECD: In the example calculation, the 50‐year values of both blade root bending moment and tip deflection are smaller than the conventional values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Studies on adolescent alcohol use and cognition are often unable to separate the potential causal effects of alcohol use on cognition from shared etiological influences, including genetic influences or other substance use comorbidities also known to be associated with cognition, such as nicotine use. The present study aimed to fill this gap and clarify the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and young adult cognition by accounting for both measured and unmeasured confounders. Design: A random effects model accounting for nesting in families was used to control for measured confounders. Next, co‐twin comparisons were conducted within the full sample and in monozygotic twin pairs (MZ) to control for unmeasured genetic and environmental confounders shared by co‐twins. Participants/Setting: Participants were 812 individuals (58.6% female, 361 complete pairs, 146 MZ pairs) from the longitudinal FinnTwin12 study in Finland. Measurements Adolescent alcohol use was indexed with measures of frequency of use and intoxication averaged across ages 14 and 17. Cognitive outcomes were measured at average age 22 and included Trail Making Test, California Stroop test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence subtests (Vocabulary, Block Design, Digit Symbol), Digit Span subtest of Wechsler Memory Scale, Mental Rotation Test and Object Location Memory test. Covariates included sex, parental education, general cognitive ability, current alcohol use and nicotine use. Findings Greater frequency of alcohol use and frequency of intoxication across adolescence was associated with decreased vocabulary scores in the co‐twin control [freq: stnd beta = −0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.234, −0.013] and MZ only co‐twin control models (freq: stnd beta = −0.305, 95% CI = –0.523, −0.087; intox: stnd beta = −0.301, 95% CI = ‐0.528, −0.074). Conclusions: In Finland, there appears to be little evidence that adolescent alcohol use causes cognitive deficits in young adulthood, except modest evidence for association of higher adolescent alcohol use with lower young adult vocabulary scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by severe atopic dermatitis and recurrent skin and pulmonary infections. The efficacy of dupilumab in pediatric patients with HIES‐associated severe atopic dermatitis is relatively understudied. Here, we present a series of three children with HIES, two with AD‐HIES caused by STAT3 mutations, and one with AR‐HIES caused by biallelic mutations in ZNF341. In all cases, dupilumab treatment led to sustained clearance of severe atopic dermatitis over multiple years, as well as improvements in systemic symptoms of HIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study tested a longitudinal mediation model throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic focused on whether students' housing instability stress and food/financial instability stress at the beginning of the pandemic in spring 2020 (T1) informed sleep dissatisfaction and duration in fall 2020 (T2) and, in turn, physical and mental health in spring 2021 (T3). Further, we tested whether relations varied based on students' ethnic‐racial backgrounds. Participants included 879 Asian, Black, Latine, Multiracial, and White emerging adult college students (Mage = 19.95, SD = 0.33) from a large public university in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States who attended college during the COVID‐19 pandemic and completed surveys about their experiences. Findings indicated a significant mediation process, such that T1 housing instability stress predicted greater T2 sleep dissatisfaction and, in turn, less physical health, greater depressive symptoms, and greater anxiety symptoms at T3. Additionally, T1 food/financial instability stress was significantly associated with less T2 sleep duration but was not, in turn, associated with any T3 outcomes. Findings did not vary by students' ethnicity/race. Results highlight that sleep dissatisfaction is an important factor that accounts for relations between COVID‐19 stressors predicting mental and physical health outcomes throughout the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gene–environment interaction (G × E) is likely an important influence shaping individual differences in alcohol misuse (AM), yet it has not been extensively studied in molecular genetic research. In this study, we use a series of genome‐wide gene–environment interaction (GWEIS) and in silico annotation methods with the aim of improving gene identification and biological understanding of AM. Methods: We carried out GWEIS for four AM phenotypes in the large UK Biobank sample (N = 360,314), with trauma exposure and socioeconomic status (SES) as moderators of the genetic effects. Exploratory analyses compared stratified genome‐wide association (GWAS) and GWEIS modeling approaches. We applied functional annotation, gene‐ and gene‐set enrichment, and polygenic score analyses to interpret the GWEIS results. Results: GWEIS models showed few genetic variants with significant interaction effects across gene–environment pairs. Enrichment analyses identified moderation by SES of the genes NOXA1, DLGAP1, and UBE2L3 on drinking quantity and the gene IFIT1B on drinking frequency. Except for DLGAP1, these genes have not previously been linked to AM. The most robust results (GWEIS interaction p = 4.59e‐09) were seen for SES moderating the effects of variants linked to immune‐related genes on a pattern of drinking with versus without meals. Conclusions: Our results highlight several genes and a potential mechanism of immune system functioning behind the moderating effect of SES on the genetic influences on AM. Although GWEIS seems to be a preferred approach over stratified GWAS, modeling G × E effects at the molecular level remains a challenge even in large samples. Understanding these effects will require substantial effort and more in‐depth phenotypic measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of death. Outpatients with diabetes have more complications than patients in general practice; mortality patterns have only been studied in the total diabetes population. This study aims to assess mortality, causes, and predictors in outpatients with diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cohort study, included people with diabetes mellitus from the nationwide Dutch Paediatric and Adult Registry of Diabetes (DPARD) visiting diabetes outpatient clinics in 2016‐2020. DPARD data were linked to Statistics Netherlands (CBS), comprising data on mortality, ethnicity and education. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: During a median follow‐up of 3.1 years among 12 992 people with diabetes, mortality rates per 10 000 person‐years were 67.7 in adult type 1 diabetes and 324.2 in type 2 diabetes. The major cause of non‐cardiovascular death was malignancy. During the pandemic years of influenza (2018) and COVID (2020), mortality rates peaked. Age, smoking and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min were associated with all‐cause mortality. In type 2 diabetes, additional factors were male sex, body mass index <20 kg/m2, diabetes duration <1 year and hypertension. Conclusions: Mortality among Dutch outpatients with diabetes is high. Smoking and renal failure were associated with mortality in both types. Further focus on early detection and treatment of mortality‐associated factors may improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, we introduce and validate a single‐item measure of identity leadership—the visual identity leadership scale (VILS). The VILS uses Venn diagrams of sets of overlapping circles to denote different degrees of alignment between a leader's characteristics and behaviours and a group's values and goals. Key advantages of the VILS over other existing multi‐item scales are that it provides a holistic assessment of identity leadership, is short, and can be adapted to address novel research questions that are impractical to address with existing scales (e.g. in diary studies, assessing multiple comparisons of many leaders or groups). Data from three studies (conducted in India, the United States and Germany) provide evidence of the VILS' construct reliability and validity. Results also showcase the instrument's capacity to be adapted to assess variations of identity leadership—for example, by assessing a leader's convergence with descriptive and ideal notions of collective self (i.e. with 'who we are' and 'who we want to be'). We discuss the value of including the VILS in the toolbox that researchers and practitioners can utilize to expand our understanding of identity processes in leadership and group behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The heterogeneous phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is still not fully understood. Clonal haematopoiesis (CH) is emerging as a cardiovascular risk factor potentially associated with adverse clinical events. The prevalence, phenotype and outcomes related to CH in HCM patients were evaluated. Methods and results: Patients with HCM and available biospecimens from the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Cardiovascular Biobank were subjected to targeted sequencing for 35 myeloid genes associated with CH. CH prevalence, clinical characteristics, morphological phenotypes assessed by echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance and outcomes were assessed. All patients were evaluated for a 71‐plex cytokines/chemokines, troponin I and B‐type natriuretic peptide analysis. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator shock, stroke, cardiac arrest, orthotopic heart transplant and death. Among the 799 patients, CH was found in 183 (22.9%) HCM patients with sarcomeric germline mutations. HCM patients with CH were more symptomatic and with a higher burden of fibrosis than those without CH. CH was associated with MACE in those HCM patients with sarcomeric germline mutations (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 6.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78–26.6; p = 0.005), with the highest risk among those that had DNMT3A, TET2 and ASXL1 mutations (adjusted HR 5.76, 95% CI 1.51–21.94; p = 0.010). Several cytokines (IL‐1ra, IL‐6, IL‐17F, TGFα, CCL21, CCL1, CCL8, and CCL17), and troponin I were upregulated in gene‐positive HCM patients with CH. Conclusions: These results indicate that CH in patients with HCM is associated with worse clinical outcomes. In the absence of CH, gene‐positive patients with HCM have lower rates of MACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. To understand the impact of human migration and changes in agricultural practices on crop pathogens, here population genomic analysis with 245 representative strains from a collection of 4,427 field isolates of Fusarium asiaticum, the causal agent of FHB in Southern China is conducted. Three populations with distinct evolution trajectories are identifies over the last 10,000 years that can be correlated with historically documented changes in agricultural practices due to human migration caused by the Southern Expeditions during the Jin Dynasty. The gradual decrease of 3ADON‐producing isolates from north to south along with the population structure and spore dispersal patterns shows the long‐distance (>250 km) dispersal of F. asiaticum. These insights into population dynamics and evolutionary history of FHB pathogens are corroborated by a genome‐wide analysis with strains originating from Japan, South America, and the USA, confirming the adaptation of FHB pathogens to cropping systems and human migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the effect of canagliflozin on kidney and cardiovascular events and safety outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease across geographic regions and racial groups. Materials and Methods: A stratified Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess efficacy and safety outcomes by geographic region and racial group. The primary composite outcome was a composite of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), doubling of the serum creatinine (SCr) level, or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes. Secondary outcomes included: (i) cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization; (ii) cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke; (iii) HF hospitalization; (iv) doubling of the SCr level, ESKD or kidney death; (v) cardiovascular death; (vi) all‐cause death; and (vii) cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, or hospitalization for HF or for unstable angina. Results: The 4401 patients were divided into six geographic region subgroups: North America (n = 1182, 27%), Central and South America (n = 941, 21%), Eastern Europe (n = 947, 21%), Western Europe (n = 421, 10%), Asia (n = 749, 17%) and Other (n = 161, 4%). The analyses included four racial groups: White (n = 2931, 67%), Black or African American (n = 224, 5%), Asian (n = 877, 20%) and Other (n = 369, 8%). Canagliflozin reduced the relative risk of the primary composite outcome in the overall trial by 30% (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.59‐0.82; P = 0.00001). Across geographic regions and racial groups, canagliflozin consistently reduced the primary composite endpoint without evidence of heterogeneity (interaction P values of 0.39 and 0.91, respectively) or significant safety outcome differences. Conclusions: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney and cardiovascular events similarly across geographic regions and racial groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemna L. sp. is a free‐floating aquatic macrophyte that plays a key role as a standard test species in aquatic risk assessment for herbicides and other contaminants. Population modeling can be used to extrapolate from laboratory to field conditions. However, there are insufficient data on longer‐term seasonal dynamics of this species to evaluate such models. Therefore, several long‐term growth experiments were conducted in outdoor microcosms (surface area 0.174 m2). Monitoring parameters included biomass, frond numbers, water parameters, and weather data. Three different datasets were generated: frond numbers and biomass from weekly to monthly destructively sampled microcosms; a year‐round dataset of frond numbers from five continuously monitored microcosms; and seasonal growth rates without the effect of density dependence over 1–2 weeks in freshly inoculated microcosms. Lemna sp. reached a maximum of approximately 500 000 fronds m−2 and 190 g dry weight m−2. During the first winter, the microcosms were covered by ice for approximately four weeks, and Lemna sp. populations collapsed. The second winter was warmer, without any ice cover, and Lemna sp. populations maintained high abundance throughout the winter. Dry weight per frond was not constant throughout the year but was highest in autumn and winter. Growth rates without density dependence under outdoor environmental conditions reached 0.29 day−1 for frond number, 0.43 day−1 for fresh weight, and 0.39 day−1 for dry weight. In linear regressions, these growth rates were best explained by water temperature. For the populations continuously monitored throughout a year, the nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio best explained the growth rate of frond numbers. This study yielded a relevant dataset for testing and refining Lemna population models used in chemical risk assessment as well as for managing ecosystems and combating the effects of eutrophication. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1625–1638. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: Growth rates of Lemna sp. in the field can reach values close to those required in standard laboratory tests designed for high exponential growth but that are affected by light, temperature, nutrient availability, and density dependence.Water temperature was found to be a major driver in the short‐term experiments without density dependence, and the nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio was the factor that best explained the growth rate of Lemna sp. in continuously monitored microcosms.Dry‐weight‐to‐frond ratios of Lemna sp. were highest in autumn and winter, probably the result of the storage of reserves; these ratios are not constant, as assumed in the Lemna sp. model, but vary over the seasons.This study generated ecologically relevant, long‐term data series for testing and refining and/or as input parameters for Lemna sp. population models to be applied in the higher tiers of the risk assessment framework for plant protection products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric liver transplantation for small recipients presents significant challenges, particularly in securing suitably sized donor organs. This case report illustrates the feasibility of performing an in situ split procurement in an 18.5‐kg toddler, the smallest recorded case in the OPTN database to date, for a critically ill 8‐week‐old infant recipient. Case Presentation: An 8‐week‐old infant with severe hepatitis of unknown etiology was urgently listed as Status 1A. An organ offer from a 3.5‐year‐old donor, requiring a reduction procedure, became available 1939 nautical miles away. Instead of a back‐table reduction procedure, we performed an in situ split to reduce cold ischemic time given the distance. The recipient surgery was started ahead of the organ's arrival, and the recipient was ready for graft implantation upon the organ's arrival, resulting in a total of 510 min of cold ischemic time. Post‐operatively, the graft did not show signs of significant injury or dysfunction, which expedited recovery from her other medical conditions. Conclusions: In situ split liver procurement is an invaluable tool for pediatric centers as it effectively provides more graft options for pediatric patients on the waitlist. Additionally, in situ split can offer significant benefits in optimizing recipient surgery, especially when the donor is located at an extreme distance. Despite these benefits, in situ split is not currently widely utilized across transplant centers. Addressing the logistical challenges associated with this technique is crucial for broader implementation and improved patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalist plant‐feeding insects are characterised by a broad host repertoire that can comprise several families or even different orders of plants. The genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the use of such a wide host range are still not fully understood. Earlier studies indicate that the consumption of different host plants is associated with host‐specific gene expression profiles. It remained, however, unclear if and how larvae can alter these profiles in the case of a changing host environment. Using the polyphagous comma butterfly (Polygonia c‐album) we show that larvae can adjust their transcriptional profiles in response to a new host plant. The switch to some of the host plants, however, resulted in a larger transcriptional response and, thus, seems to be more challenging. At a physiological level, no correspondence for these patterns could be found in larval performance. This suggests that a high transcriptional but also phenotypic flexibility are essential for the use of a broad and diverse host range. We furthermore propose that host switch tests in the laboratory followed by transcriptomic investigations can be a valuable tool to examine not only plasticity in host use but also subtle and/or transient trade‐offs in the evolution of host plant repertoires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: We used a polygenic score for externalizing behavior (extPGS) and structural MRI to examine potential pathways from genetic liability to conduct problems via the brain across the adolescent transition. Methods: Three annual assessments of child conduct problems, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity problems, and internalizing problems were conducted across across 9–13 years of age among 4,475 children of European ancestry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Results: The extPGS predicted conduct problems in each wave (R2 = 2.0%–2.9%). Bifactor models revealed that the extPRS predicted variance specific to conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%–2.1%), but also variance that conduct problems shared with other measured problems (R2 =.8%–1.4%). Longitudinally, extPGS predicted levels of specific conduct problems (R2 = 2.0%), but not their slope of change across age. The extPGS was associated with total gray matter volume (TGMV; R2 =.4%) and lower TGMV predicted both specific conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%–2.1%) and the variance common to all problems in each wave (R2 = 1.6%–3.1%). A modest proportion of the polygenic liability specific to conduct problems in each wave was statistically mediated by TGMV. Conclusions: Across the adolescent transition, the extPGS predicted both variance specific to conduct problems and variance shared by all measured problems. The extPGS also was associated with TGMV, which robustly predicted conduct problems. Statistical mediation analyses suggested the hypothesis that polygenic variation influences individual differences in brain development that are related to the likelihood of conduct problems during the adolescent transition, justifying new research to test this causal hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability communications have become a key issue for organisations. While most studies have focused on sustainability reporting and green advertising, other communication tools such as sponsorship are under‐researched. The present study addresses this void by exploring the potential and identifying key characteristics and challenges of sustainable sponsorships, theoretically conceptualised as a social contract between sponsorship contractors and society. As such, it is the first to identify the potential and key characteristics of sponsorship for sustainability communications. The authors took an explorative, qualitative research approach, conducting 13 in‐depth interviews. The interviewees highlighted eight characteristics that determined sustainable sponsorships across all three sustainability dimensions. Sustainability was identified as a key driver in managing sponsorship effectively. In light of the study's findings, it is recommended that sponsors and sponsees should adapt their sponsorship management to incorporate sustainability. Measuring the outcome and success of sustainable sponsorships could be a subject for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Evaluate research capacity and culture among regional hospital dietitians, develop a team specific research strategy, and build research skills of novice researchers. Methods: The Research Capacity in Context Tool was used to assess current research capacity and culture at organisational, team and individual levels. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis of free text responses. A modified Delphi method gained consensus regarding research capacity building. Design: Mixed method study. Setting: Dietetics department of a regional tertiary hospital (Modified Monash Category 2). Participants: All clinical dietitians currently employed within the hospital (n = 20) regardless of employment duration. Main Outcome Measures: Self‐rated response to research capacity and culture to produce a dietetics‐specific research strategy. Results: Fifteen dietitians (75%) completed the Research Capacity in Context Tool. The overall mean score was highest at an organisational level at 7.9 (IQR 2), and lowest at team and individual levels at 4.3 (IQR 2.7) and 4.9 (IQR 3.3) respectively. Common barriers to research included time, lack of skills, knowledge and support. Using the modified Delphi method 39 statements relating to research capacity building met consensus and informed the creation of a research strategy. Conclusion: The results of the Research Capacity in Context Tool from this regional study reflect those reported in the literature at metropolitan sites. A dietetic‐specific research strategy was developed to assist with increasing research capacity at a team and individual level in a regional setting. Evaluation of long‐term outcomes post implementation will be the subject of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Documentation of lingual tumors is scarce in nonhuman primates. Methods: Through a multi‐institutional retrospective study we compile cases of primary and metastatic neoplasia in non‐human primates. Results: We describe five cases of lingual neoplasia. Three cases are primary lingual tumors: chondro‐osteoblastic lipoma in a howler monkey, squamous cell carcinoma, and fibroma in two baboons. We describe two cases of metastatic lymphoma in the tongue in rhesus macaques. A literature review of published lingual neoplasia in nonhuman primates is included in this manuscript. Conclusion: Lingual neoplasia is seldom reported in non‐human primates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Using the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) as a surrogate for disease activity, a phase 2a study in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) measured efficacy of the autotaxin inhibitor ziritaxestat. Mathematical modeling of mRSS was used to predict disease progression, examine candidate trial designs, and predict the probability of successfully discriminating treatment effect. Methods: Patients with SSc receiving 600 mg of ziritaxestat or placebo for 24 weeks were included, in addition to data up to week 52 of the open‐label extension (OLE). Longitudinal mRSS data were described using a disease progression model; drug effect was a binary variable. Parameters used to predict the OLE mRSS outcome were estimated using data from the 24‐week double‐blind phase and validated with observed data. Three trial designs were simulated to identify which had the highest probability of detecting a treatment effect. Power to detect a treatment effect was quantified using the simulations. Results: Maximum decreases from baseline in mRSS were 50.4% (ziritaxestat) and 34.7% (placebo). Study designs based on 300 patients randomized 2:1 or 1:1 to 600 mg of ziritaxestat or placebo had similar probabilities of detecting a significant treatment effect. Power to detect a treatment effect was >80% for all simulations. Conclusion: Disease progression and drug effect could be predicted beyond the range of observed data. This modeling and simulation approach may inform future trial design, including study duration, and predict the probability of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the severity of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) in subsequent pregnancies with RhD immunization and to identify predictive factors for severe disease. Materials and Methods: Nationwide prospective cohort study, including all pregnant women with RhD antibodies. All women with at least two pregnancies with RhD antibodies and RhD‐positive foetuses were selected. The main outcome measure was the severity of HDFN in the first and subsequent pregnancy at risk. A subgroup analysis was performed for the group of women where RhD antibodies developed after giving birth to an RhD‐positive child and thus after receiving anti‐D at least twice (group A) or during the first pregnancy at risk for immunization (group B). Results: Sixty‐two RhD immunized women with a total of 150 RhD‐positive children were included. The severity of HDFN increased for the whole group significantly in the subsequent pregnancy (p < 0.001), although it remained equal or even decreased in 44% of women. When antibodies were already detected at first trimester screening in the first immunized pregnancy, after giving birth to an RhD‐positive child (group A), severe HDFN in the next pregnancy was uncommon (22%). Especially when no therapy or only non‐intensive phototherapy was indicated during the first immunized pregnancy (6%) or if the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity result remained <10%. Contrarily, women with a negative first trimester screening and RhD antibodies detected later during the first pregnancy of an RhD‐positive child (group B), often before they had ever received anti‐D prophylaxis, were most prone for severe disease in a subsequent pregnancy (48%). Conclusion: RhD‐mediated HDFN in a subsequent pregnancy is generally more severe than in the first pregnancy at risk and can be estimated using moment of antibody detection and severity in the first immunized pregnancy. Women developing antibodies in their first pregnancy of an RhD‐positive child are at highest risk of severe disease in the next pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual differences in spatial thinking are predictive of children's math and science achievement and later entry into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Little is known about whether parent characteristics predict individual differences in children's spatial thinking. This study aims to understand whether, and to what extent, mother's intrinsic (i.e., mental rotation) and extrinsic (i.e., spatial scaling) spatial ability directly and indirectly, via the variation in home spatial environment, predicts children's intrinsic and extrinsic spatial ability. A total of 165 mothers and their 4–6‐year‐old children were recruited to participate in a remote video session with an experimenter. Mothers were administered a forced‐choice Intrinsic Spatial Toy Preference Task gauging their preference for highly spatial versus less spatial toys and asked questions with the Home Intrinsic Spatial Environmental Questionnaire about the frequency with which they engage their child in spatial activities at home. Mothers completed a Mental Rotations Test and a Spatial Scaling Task adapted for adults. Children were administered the Picture Rotation Task, the Spatial Scaling Task, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direct and indirect, via home spatial environment and toy choices, influences of mother spatial ability on child spatial ability. Contrary to our predictions, we did not find direct, nor indirect, relations between mother and child spatial ability. These findings suggest that researchers should consider alternative conceptualizations of the early home spatial environment beyond the frequency of spatial play in the home. Research Highlights: The identification of factors that predict individual differences in children's spatial ability is important in order to maximize STEM learning outcomes.Data collection was conducted remotely rather than in traditional preschool or laboratory settings.Contrary to our pre‐registered hypotheses, no significant relations between mother spatial ability, the early home spatial environment, and children's development of spatial skills were found.Future research should consider examining the amount of spatial language used in the home or the quality of parent–child interactions during spatial play as potential explanations for individual differences in children's spatial ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photophysics of a helicene derivative in which two benzene units are replaced by thiophene units (thiohelicene, 6H) was studied by steady state and transient absorption and emission spectroscopies covering time ranges from femtoseconds to minutes. Efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state was observed, by far exceeding that of the parent helicene and the corresponding oxo‐helicene. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the helical distortion and the heavy atom effect of sulfur cooperate in promoting spin‐orbit coupling, and that the most efficient decay channel involved the T2 or even the T3 state. These insights can help in the design of more efficient triplet sensitizers for many applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the assessment of technical skills in healthcare education. It explores the use of expert-based assessment (EBA) and automated or AI-based assessment (AIBA) to evaluate technical proficiency. Several studies are cited that compare the two assessment methods and highlight their strengths and limitations. While AIBA shows promise in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness, it lacks the ability to provide feedback and consider wider contextual factors. The article concludes that a hybrid approach combining both methods may be the most effective way to assess technical skills. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose. Assessing the applicability of an algorithm developed for keratoconus detection in adolescents. This algorithm relies on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and incorporates features related to corneal pachymetric and epithelial thickness alterations. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients under the age of 18 and divided them into four groups according to the Belin‐Ambrosio display (Pentacam): normal, manifest, and subclinical keratoconus, as well as very asymmetric eye with normal topography and tomography (VAE‐NTT). Corneal and epithelial thickness maps (Cirrus 5000 HD‐OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) were evaluated by a human grader. In the first step, if at least one of four parameters (pachymetry minimum (pachy min), pachy minimum‐median (min‐med), pachy superonasal‐inferotemporal (SN‐IT), or epithelial (epi SN‐IT)) exceeded its cut‐off value, the eye was considered as suspect. In the second step, the combined presence of coincident thinning of total cornea and epithelium as well as concentric epithelial thinning lead to the diagnosis of keratoconus. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for the parameters. Results. The study involved 19 pediatric patients diagnosed with keratoconus, comprising 29 manifest keratoconic eyes, 3 eyes with subclinical keratoconus, and 5 VAE‐NTT eyes. In addition, 22 eyes from 11 normal adolescents were included in the analysis. The AUC values of parameters in step 1 were 0.889 for pachy min, 0.997 for pachy min‐med, 0.893 for pachy SN‐IT, and 0.998 for epi SN‐IT. When both steps were performed, this algorithm captured all manifest and subclinical pediatric keratoconic eyes. When all eyes of the keratoconus patients were combined, step 1 had 97.3% sensitivity and step 2 had 100% specificity. Conclusion. Using this OCT‐based approach in adolescents yielded a high level of agreement with the current gold standard, tomography. Using them together, potentially also with other examinations may improve the diagnostic accuracy of KC in the pediatric population. Integration of this approach into the software of the device to facilitate automated evaluations is desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This Phase I study evaluated the safety and early efficacy of an aldosterone synthase inhibitor (BI 690517) in people with diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease. Methods: Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (NCT03165240) at 40 sites across Europe. Eligible participants [estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥20 and <75 ml/min/1.73 m2; urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥200 and <3500 mg/g] were randomized 6:1 to receive once‐daily oral BI 690517 3, 10 or 40 mg, or eplerenone 25‐50 mg, or placebo, for 28 days. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with drug‐related adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in the UACR. Results: Fifty‐eight participants were randomized and treated from 27 November 2017 to 16 April 2020 (BI 690517: 3 mg, n = 18; 10 mg, n = 13; 40 mg, n = 14; eplerenone, n = 4; placebo, n = 9) for 28 days. Eight (13.8%) participants experienced drug‐related AEs [BI 690517: 3 mg (two of 18); 10 mg (four of 13); 40 mg (two of 14)], most frequently constipation [10 mg (one of 13); 40 mg (one of 14)] and hyperkalaemia [3 mg (one of 18); 10 mg (one of 13)]. Most AEs were mild to moderate; one participant experienced severe hyperkalaemia (serum potassium 6.9 mmol/L; BI 690517 10 mg). UACR responses [≥20% decrease from baseline (first morning void urine) after 28 days] were observed for 80.0% receiving BI 690517 40 mg (eight of 10) versus 37.5% receiving placebo (three of eight). Aldosterone levels were suppressed by BI 690517, but not eplerenone or placebo. Conclusions: BI 690517 was generally well tolerated, reduced plasma aldosterone and may decrease albuminuria in participants with diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Skin cleansing products are among the main reasons for the development of hand eczema. Therefore, a mild but effective skin cleansing product is of particular interest, especially in the work place, where various contaminations frequently have to be removed from hands. Methods: In this study, the potential of laureth‐23 as a primary surfactant was evaluated and compared to other fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEO). Also, different laureth‐23 surfactant combinations were compared to each other. Therefore, transepidermal water loss, erythema and visual scoring were measured after occlusive patch testing in 24 healthy subjects (aged 18–55). Afterwards, the results were ranked from low to high irritant potential and an irritation score was calculated. Furthermore, the cleaning performance was tested using an automated cleansing device in 10 healthy subjects (aged 18–55). Results: The results confirmed the low irritant potential of laureth‐23 and blends thereof. Within the different laureth‐23 surfactant combinations, the combination of laureth‐23 with a mild amphoteric and a mild anionic surfactant was superior to other laureth‐23 surfactant combinations like laureth‐23/anionic/anionic regarding skin compatibility as well as cleaning performance. Conclusion: In conclusion, laureth‐23 showed very good performance as a primary surfactant. Especially, the combination of laureth‐23, cocamidopropyl betaine and disodium laureth sulfosuccinate was mild to the skin while also showing good cleansing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To analyze relationships between Medicaid automatic enrollment for child Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients and health insurance coverage during transitions. Data Sources and Study Setting: Medical Expenditure Panel Study, 2000–2020 and National Survey for Children with Special Health Care Needs, 2001–2010. Study Design: Leveraging variation in SSI‐Medicaid automatic enrollment status across regions and over time, we estimate a regression model to quantify associations between automatic enrollment and insurance coverage. We validate our findings in the NS‐CSHCN. Data Collection: Our sample includes children receiving SSI for a disability. We also analyze a subsample of children newly enrolled in SSI. Principal Findings: Automatic enrollment is associated with a statistically significant increase in insurance coverage. Expanding automatic enrollment to all states is associated with increases in Medicaid enrollment of 3% (CI 0.9%–6.7%) among all SSI children and 7% (CI 1.1%–13.9%) among children newly enrolled in SSI. We find similar decreases in uninsurance. Analysis in the NS‐CSHCN replicates these findings. Conclusions: Medicaid automatic enrollment policies are associated with increased insurance coverage for SSI children, particularly those transitioning into the program. Medicaid policy defaults could play an important role in reducing administrative burdens to improve children's coverage and access to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The risks of disease entering and spreading within any animal population can be managed. Dairy herds are no exception, although they bring special challenges due to their size, dynamic populations of mixed ages, and the stresses inherent with production demands. Aim of the article: This article discusses managing infectious disease risks at the herd level, providing principles and practical guidance on how to minimise the risk of introducing disease into a dairy herd and how to effectively control any disease introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of subcontinental lithospheric mantle back into the asthenosphere during continental breakup is potentially a major but underappreciated process in plate tectonics. Here, we report major and trace elements for detrital peridotite minerals in carbonate breccias dredged from the Marion Rise, Southwest Indian Ridge. With an emphasis on the trace elements of the relatively abundant orthopyroxene detrital grains, the results show that a portion of pyroxene grains was likely derived from a mantle source that experienced hydrous melting and slab‐derived melt metasomatism above a subduction zone. This finding provides a novel view into the mantle geochemistry at midocean ridges, as well as evidence that Marion Rise is at least partially supported by chemically buoyant recycled refractory mantle wedge material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Inconsistent practice relating to intrapartum hydration assessment and management is reported, and potential harm exists for laboring women and birthing persons. Background: Labor and birth are physically demanding, and adequate nutrition and hydration are essential for labor progress. A lack of clear consensus on intrapartum hydration assessment and management during labor and birth currently exists. In addition, there is an inconsistent approach to managing hydration, often including a mixture of intravenous and oral fluids that are poorly monitored. Aim: The aim of this scoping review was to identify and collate evidence‐based guidelines for intrapartum hydration assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched, in addition to professional college association websites. Inclusion criteria were intrapartum clinical guidelines in English, published in the last 10 years. Findings: Despite searching all appropriate databases in maternity care, we were unable to identify evidence‐based guidelines specific to hydration assessment and management, therefore resulting in an "empty review." A subsequent review of general intrapartum care guidelines was undertaken. Our adapted review identified 12 guidelines, seven of which referenced the assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth. Three guidelines recommend that "low‐risk" women in spontaneous labor at term should hold determination over what they ingest in labor. No recommendations with respect to assessment and management of hydration for women undergoing induction of labor were found. Discussion: Despite the increasing use of intravenous fluid as an adjunct to oral intake to maintain maternal intrapartum hydration, there is limited evidence and, subsequently, guidelines to determine best practice in this area. How hydration is assessed was also largely absent from general intrapartum care guidelines, further perpetuating potential clinical variation in this area. Conclusion: There is an absence of guidelines specific to the assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth, despite its importance in ensuring labor progress and safe care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]