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Research interest in thriving at work has burgeoned over the past decades, but little is known about how human resource (HR) practices affect employees' thriving at work. Drawing upon self‐determination theory and person‐organization fit theory, we developed and tested a moderated mediation model to explain how fun HR practices influence employees' thriving at work. The results of two studies, a scenario experiment (N = 164) and a time‐lagged survey (N = 253), supported our hypotheses. Specifically, the findings revealed that fun HR practices relates positively to employees' thriving at work. Autonomous motivation partially mediates the abovementioned relationship. Furthermore, fun HR practices translate into higher autonomous motivation and subsequent thriving at work for employees with higher preference for workplace fun. Our research contributes to the existing literature by identifying fun HR practices as an antecedent of thriving at work and revealing the psychological mechanisms through which fun HR practices affect employees' thriving at work. The practical implications, limitations, and future research avenues are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research findings concerning the effects of perceived overqualification on task performance are mixed. To reconcile the disparate findings, drawing on person‐environment theory, we propose cynicism toward the job and constructive deviance as contrasting dual pathways that explain the negative and positive effects of perceived overqualification on task performance and employee creativity. We also examine the moderating effects of dual‐focused transformational leadership (TFL) on the relationships between perceived overqualification and the two mediating mechanisms. We test this model using data collected from 469 employees and their 135 supervisors via two‐wave surveys. The results support the negative and positive mediating mechanisms. In addition, based on one field study and two online experiments, we find that individual‐focused TFL mitigates the relationship between perceived overqualification and cynicism toward the job, but that team‐focused TFL enhances the relationship between perceived overqualification and constructive deviance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the impact of algorithmic management on worker behaviors, focusing on workers' commitment to service quality and referral tendencies. Drawing upon the job demands‐resources model, we argue that high levels of algorithmic management could create hindrance demands that impede service quality and demotivate referral behaviors. We propose that high workload, as a challenge demand, buffers the negative effects of algorithmic management on worker outcomes. We find support for our proposed research model in an experiment with a sample of 1362 platform‐based food‐delivery riders. We also conduct a qualitative study with 21 riders, which provides a more nuanced understanding of how algorithmic management affects workers' attitudes, behaviors, and referral tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines, for the first time in Canada, the relationship between how different‐sex couples meet and assortative mating on education, race, nativity, and age. Background: Extending research on how the likelihood of heterogamy differed between offline and online dating, this study disentangles the implications of institutional and third‐person influences from those of online dating for configuring the patterns of heterogamy and gender asymmetry in assortative mating. Method: Data from a 2018 national survey are analyzed using (multinomial) logit models. Results: Educational heterogamy and nativity heterogamy are higher, but age heterogamy appears lower, in online than offline dating. Next, specific channels of offline dating—formal institutions, social ties, and other channels—are distinguished and compared with online dating. Online dating tends to entail higher educational and nativity heterogamy (vs. meeting through formal institutions), higher racial and nativity heterogamy but lower age heterogamy (vs. meeting through social ties), and higher educational heterogamy (vs. meeting through other offline channels). Further considering gender asymmetry shows that online dating is associated with higher educational hypergyny (more‐educated man, less‐educated woman) than meeting through other offline channels; higher nativity hypogyny (immigrant man, native‐born woman) than meeting offline (overall, formal institutions, social ties); and lower age hypergyny (older man, younger woman) than meeting offline through social ties. Conclusion: The findings help untangle the roles of institutional, social, and digital forces in shaping assortative mating. They illustrate the importance of leveraging theoretically informed comparisons to understand how online and offline dating configures assortative mating and its gender‐asymmetric patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical misinformation (false health or medical‐related information) has seen a rapid increase in volume recently, with the global surge in social media usage and further exacerbation by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This may put more lives at stake, as misinformation is an often‐cited reason that people make dangerous health choices, engage in harmful practices and reject beneficial health treatments. In this article, we explore the drivers and consequences, as well as suggest several strategies at the personal, educational and systemic level, for physicians to guide and communicate with patients who subscribe to medical misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study differentiated between self‐reported punishment responsivity (PR) and motivation to avoid punishment (MP) and examined their relationship with anorexia nervosa (AN) and its course in a combined cross‐sectional and longitudinal approach. We explored whether inconsistent findings regarding reward sensitivity may be explained by previous research not differentiating between reward responsivity (RR) and motivation to approach reward (MR). Method: Participants were 69 adolescents with AN and 69 adolescents without AN matched on age, sex and educational level. Eating disorder (ED) symptom severity, PR, MP, RR, and MR were assessed at the start of treatment and 1 year later. Results: Only PR was higher in patients with AN than in the comparison group. Both PR and MP decreased over the course of 1 year, however, only the reduction in PR was related to the reduction in ED symptoms. Lastly, only higher baseline PR was independently related to less improvement in ED symptoms over the course of 1 year. Conclusion: There was no support for the involvement of RS or its specific dimensions in AN. Most critical, the findings suggest that specifically the PR dimension of punishment sensitivity is related to the persistence of AN and could be an important target for treatment. Key points: Adolescents with AN showed higher punishment responsivity than a comparison group without an eating disorder.Punishment responsivity was also the only factor that was independently related to the course of AN.This points to punishment responsivity as a promising target for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed‐method study explored the experiences of mothers and fathers combining breastfeeding with returning to paid employment after childbirth. Tasmanian State Service employees participated in an online survey and phone interviews. A total of 130 parents completed the survey, and 42 participated in 60‐min phone interviews. The survey had more female respondents (109) than male (21), and only 4 of the 42 interviews were with fathers. The sample consisted mainly of professional women (84%) and men (16%), predominantly Australian‐born (88%). Two‐thirds of participants worked part‐time (62%), taking either unpaid (52%) or paid leave (61%) within the first 12 months after birth. The majority (88%) preferred to breastfeed, with the mean age of the first formula feed being 4.1 months. A narrative analysis of the qualitative data, informed by work–family conflict theory, reveals that transitioning back to paid work while breastfeeding is challenging for both mothers and fathers. Parents face multiple conflicts between paid work, family responsibilities and maintaining breastfeeding. The emotional and physical demands of feeding, expressing, storing and transporting breast milk, combined with often inadequate workplace facilities, policies and gender discrimination, add to parental pressure. Mothers bear the greatest burden, while fathers' roles and needs are often overlooked in the workplace. The major finding of this study is that breastfeeding is insufficiently recognised as an integral part of the return‐to‐work process for both parents, generating a form of work–family breastfeeding conflict, where work (part‐time or full‐time) interferes with family responsibilities and breastfeeding. Family‐friendly breastfeeding policies based on equity principles are needed to address workplace gender inequality and discrimination and better support parents in combining work and breastfeeding. Key messages: Breastfeeding is a form of unpaid labour that disproportionately affects women; however, fathers are also integral to the work of breastfeeding in many families. The intersection of breastfeeding, work and family life is often overlooked in both policy and workplace settings, particularly during the critical period when mothers transition back to work after childbirth.Workplace policies and environments that support breastfeeding mothers and involve fathers and partners will ultimately empower more women to successfully balance their career and breastfeeding goals.Research is needed to fully understand the psychosocial consequences of inadequate workplace support for breastfeeding parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to define complementary feeding trends in Guinea from 2005 to 2018 and complementary feeding risk factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Data from 2005 to 2018 demographic health surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were used to describe complementary feeding trends in Guinea. The most recent DHS was used to examine complementary feeding risk factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Complementary feeding indicators including introduction to complementary foods (INTRO), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were calculated based on the 2010 World Health Organisation guidance. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify significant risk factors (p < 0.05). Since 2005, there has been a marginal increase in MDD and MAD, but a decrease in INTRO and MMF. The 2018 DHS survey revealed various complementary feeding risk factors. At the individual level, travelling 1–60 min to get water was associated with decreased odds of meeting INTRO, while iron supplementation and maternal education were associated with increased odds of meeting MMF and MDD, respectively. Routine vitamin A supplementation, fever in the past 2 weeks, and low birth weight were associated with increased odds of meeting MAD. At the household level, being in a lower wealth quintile was associated with decreased odds of meeting MDD and MAD. National and subnational programmes and policies designed to improve infant and young child diets may consider tailored approaches that address the specific indicators and risk factors associated with poorer diets in this Guinean context. Key messages: Between 2005 and 2018 there has been an increase in minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable die (MAD), but a decrease in INTRO and minimum meal frequency (MMF).As of 2018, 49.9% of infants were introduced to complementary foods between 6 and 8 months of age, 25.0% met MMF, 15.2% met MDD, and 4.4% met MAD.Individual (child vitamin A and iron supplementation, child fever, low birth weight, maternal education, delivery with the help of birth attendant) and household (wealth quintile) level factors were identified as key risk factors for complementary feeding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) are crucial for children's growth and development but often deteriorate during periods of instability. A cross‐sectional survey conducted in three oblasts of Ukraine—Kyiv City and Kyiv, Lviv, and Odesa—enroled 724 children 0–23 months of age from 699 households. Using global WHO IYCF Guidelines, 12 indicators of optimal IYCF practices were evaluated. The study found IYCF practices to be relatively stable since 2015, despite the continued escalation of conflict, with an improvement in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). EBF was reported by 51% of mothers, while breastfeeding was initiated early in 65% of children. Complementary feeding practices were optimal for most children, with 79% having a minimum acceptable diet. Infant formula assistance was independently associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in multi‐variable models. Children from households that received formula assistance had 67% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.73) lower odds of being exclusively breastfed, 65% (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20–0.61) lower odds of continued breastfeeding at 12 months, and 3.3 times (95% CI 2.31–4.78) higher odds of being bottlefed. Baby food assistance did not independently predict a minimum acceptable diet. High levels of optimal complementary feeding sustained since 2015 suggest protective factors for child nutrition in Ukraine, such as domestic agriculture and social safety nets. Additionally, maternal education was consistently linked to better IYCF outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted support for less‐educated mothers. The negative association of formula assistance with EBF warrants further research alongside reinforcement of guidelines to prevent inappropriate formula targeting. Key messages: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices often decline during armed conflict. In Ukraine, key indicators have remained stable since 2015, although prevalence of optimal complementary feeding practice indicators continue to exceed that of breastfeeding practices.The sustained high levels of optimal complementary feeding underscore potentially protective factors for child nutrition present in Ukraine, such as domestic agriculture and social safety nets, that should be closely monitored and maintained.The link between formula assistance and reduced breastfeeding underscores the need for stricter enforcement and oversight of infant formula guidelines, alongside further research.Higher maternal education significantly predicted optimal feeding practices. IYCF programs should provide targeted support to caregivers with lower educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of web‐based nutrition education for parents of preschool children in reducing nutritional risk. The study was conducted in a one‐group pretest–posttest quasi‐experimental design. Parents of 3–5‐year‐old children from 11 preschools in Istanbul participated. They underwent a web‐based nutrition education program. The NutriSTEP assessment tool was used to evaluate the nutritional risk score as a pretest assessment, followed by the training program. Posttests were conducted at 1‐ and 3‐month intervals. Before the intervention, 55.8% of the children exhibited high nutritional risk. After the intervention, this percentage decreased significantly at the 1‐month and 3‐month follow‐ups, with 94.2% and 93.6% of the children classified as low risk, respectively. The analysis also revealed significant associations between children's eating behaviours and factors such as maternal education, family income and family structure. As a result, web‐based nutrition education was effective in reducing nutritional risk among preschool children. The findings underscore the importance of using technology for nutrition interventions, especially in diverse populations. The training program's simple, short and understandable video increased participants' interest in the training and encouraged regular follow‐up. Key messages: Web‐based nutrition education significantly reduced the nutritional risk of preschool children, with high‐risk cases dropping from 55.8% to less than 7% at the 3‐month follow‐up.Technology‐based programmes offer flexible, accessible and effective solutions for parental involvement in child feeding, particularly in urban areas and at times when face‐to‐face access is limited.Parental education and socioeconomic factors, such as maternal education and family income, were strongly associated with child nutritional risk, highlighting the importance of tailoring interventions to different demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security during pregnancy is crucial for safeguarding the health of expectant mothers and optimizing prenatal outcomes. Food insecurity can manifest in varying degrees, ranging from moderate disruptions to the quality and diversity of diet to severe cases that disrupt dietary patterns and reduce overall food intake. Limited information exists regarding food security among pregnant women in Iran. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to investigate food security during pregnancy from the perspectives of pregnant women (n = 17) and experts in food security (n = 6). Data were collected through purposeful sampling and 23 semi‐structured interviews. The data analysis process occurred concurrently with data collection, employing a conventional content analysis approach. The findings underwent rigorous evaluation based on credibility, confirmability, dependability, transferability and authenticity. The results revealed that access to quality foods in pregnancy depends on the sustainability of food resources, economic access to food, the family's food budget, pregnant women's utilization of food due to pregnancy conditions, their nutritional literacy and cultural practices. Pregnant women employ various strategies to cope with food insecurity and require social and governmental support to manage it effectively. Therefore, it is suggested that health care authorities initially assess the level of food security among pregnant women and subsequently, through equitable food distribution, reform culture and increase food literacy, providing practical and informative educational programmes, and structured support, improve their food security. Key messages: Economic conditions such as inflation, high food prices, low household purchasing power are among the most significant factors impacting the dietary habits of Iranian pregnant women.Inadequate taste, dietary habits, and inappropriate dietary patterns have been mentioned, including the preference for food taste and flavor over its healthiness, which can impact the quality of pregnant women's diets.Participants in this study also encountered strategies such as resource allocation, providing additional budgets for food procurement, obtaining inexpensive and sustaining food, resilience, rationing of food items, and using food substitutes when facing food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutrition transition in sub‐Saharan Africa has led to increased consumption of ultra‐processed foods in infancy, especially sweet foods. This has heightened the risk for nutrition‐related non‐communicable diseases, including dental caries and overweight/obesity, and promotes poor food choices later in life. The present study used a cross‐sectional design to investigate the consumption frequency of ultra‐processed foods and beverages among urban 6‐ to 36‐month‐olds attending four selected health facilities in Kampala using a standardised questionnaire and 24‐h diet recall record. The primary outcome was the consumption of at least one ultra‐processed food or beverage (UPFB) the previous day, and frequency of UPFB consumption of the week before was the secondary outcome. Four hundred and ten caregiver–child pairs were randomly recruited, 94% of caregivers being mothers with a mean age of 30.7 (±5.3) years. Fifty‐nine per cent of mothers and 73% of fathers had attained a college education. The median age of children was 18 months and 51% were female. Most children (57%) consumed at least one UPFB the previous day. In the week before, 69% had consumed UPFB frequently (4–7 days) which was significantly positively associated with maternal education (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–7.96, p = 0.045) and child's age ([OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.62–5.08, p < 0.001], [OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.88–7.20, p < 0.001]). In conclusion, the dietary habits of the surveyed Ugandan population were unhealthy, characterised by the frequent consumption of UPFB with added sugar. There is an urgent need to re‐enforce existing Ugandan food regulation guidelines and policies and to build strong nutritional education programmes to enhance health‐promoting environments in early childhood. Key messages: The frequent consumption of ultra‐processed food or beverage (UPFB) in a Ugandan urban population during the complementary feeding period is an indication of an established nutrition transition.The frequent consumption of UPFB is characterised by a high sugar content and sweetened diet and therefore the potentially has health detriments in young children.There is an urgent need to promote traditional diets and minimally processed foods for complementary feeding and introduce policies that discourage consumption of UPFB in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable to low‐quality diets due to their higher micronutrients needs. The minimum dietary diversity for women (MDDW) is a proxy for micronutrient adequacy in this group of women. Its relationship with other aspects that lead to malnutrition is not fully elucidated and depends on the context. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of MDDW among women of a rural area in Chad and its association with socioeconomical, agricultural, dietary and food security data. A cross‐sectional study was conducted. Following a multistage cluster sampling, 984 women of reproductive age were randomly selected and interviewed in March 2019. We obtained food consumption data through unquantified 24 h recalls and computed MDDW as consuming at least five out of 10 predefined food groups. We constructed a Food Production Diversity Score (FPDS) with crop and livestock information. We obtained multivariable logistic regression models including different covariates. MDDW was achieved by only 33% of women in the sample. In our final model, we identified a significant association of MDDW with the FPDS and gathering of wild plants. Women in households with the highest FPDS had 70% more chances of achieving MDDW than those with the lowest FPDS. Gathering wild plants doubled these chances. Areas of cultivated land, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene resources, and a high level of food security, measured with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, were also significantly related to the achievement of MDDW. This illustrates the importance of nutrition‐sensitive policies, also considering biodiversity and food production diversification. Key messages: Only one in three women in a rural area of the Guerá region in Chad reach the minimum dietary diversity measured by the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDDW) indicator.Food insecurity is highly prevalent among households (HHs) of these rural areas of Chad, with more than 90% of the HHs being moderately or severely food insecure.Diverse food production and gathering of wild foods in HHs has a positive impact on MDDW.Water, Sanitation and Hygiene resources, areas of cultivated land and greater HH food security also showed this positive association. Altogether, this indicates the importance of nutrition‐sensitive policies that address malnutrition through a holistic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the association between positive psychological capital, social support, illness attitudes toward COVID‐19, and health‐promoting behaviors in Korean adults. Design: An online cross‐sectional study. Sample: The participants were 820 South Korean adults aged 19–64, recruited through quota sampling. The sample was census‐matched in terms of age and gender based on the Korean Population Census. Measurements: The participants completed measures assessing psychological capital, social support, illness attitude toward COVID‐19, and health‐promoting behaviors. The t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Participants who were religious, perceived themselves as physically healthy, had negative illness attitudes, had high positive psychological capital, and received high social support were more likely to engage in health‐promoting behaviors. These variables explained 44.5% of the participants' health‐promoting behaviors. Conclusions: This study is the first to examine illness attitudes toward COVID‐19 and health‐promoting behaviors among South Korean adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results can pave the way for effective public health intervention strategies that consider religiosity, physical health status, illness attitude, and social support, to promote healthy living during future public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore public health nurses' competence (namely knowledge, skills, and attitudes) in relation to long‐term breastfeeding and their experience of the need for additional training on the subject. Design: The study design was quantitative, descriptive, and cross‐sectional. Sample: Public health nurses (n = 270). Methods: Data were collected with the Long‐Term Breastfeeding Competence Scale (LBCS) online survey. Data analysis was done with Spearman's correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Slightly more than half of the respondents had a good level of knowledge and skills. The majority had a baseline positive attitude toward long‐term breastfeeding, but the attitude became more negative as the age of the breastfed child increased. Better competence was associated with younger age, parenthood, an additional degree in midwifery, and breastfeeding specialist certification. Knowledge and skills, and attitudes revealed a high correlation: the higher the knowledge and skills level, the more positive attitudes. Respondents with better knowledge and skills experienced more often the need for additional training on the subject. Conclusions: This study addresses that public health nurses lack competence in relation to long‐term breastfeeding. This may compromise the quality of breastfeeding guidance for families in healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To measure a multivariate analysis of social media addiction and cognitive‐behavioral physical activity associated with several sociodemographic characteristics in adolescent girls. Design and Methods: A cross‐sectional study. The sample consisted of adolescent girls studying in a vocational high‐school in the Middle‐Black‐Sea region in Türkiye (n = 333). A questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale‐for‐Adolescents (SMAS‐A), and Cognitive‐Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) were used to collect the data. Results: The mean age was 15.35 (SD = 1.15), and 29.4% were the ninth‐class students. Of the adolescent girls, 85.9% were social‐media users, 59.8% used the internet 2‐hours‐or‐more/daily, 67.9% declared themselves as moderately‐active. The mean scores of the SMAS‐A and the CBPAQ were 3.40 (SD = 1.61) and 21.03 (SD = 7.64), respectively. There was a significantly‐negative correlation between cognitive‐behavioral physical activity and social‐media addiction levels. The One‐Way MANOVA results showed significant differences in the academic level, family income, mother education, and physical activity measurement application usage affected to cognitive‐behavioral physical activity. Social media usage habit affected to the social media addiction level. Conclusions: Daily internet usage time and self‐declared physical activity level were the mutually affected factors. School nurses should act to improve healthy social media usage habits to promote well‐being and encourage the positive attitudes towards regular physical activity in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of global climate change concern on environmental sensitivity in nursing students. Design: This study was descriptive, cross‐sectional, and correlational. Sample: The study was conducted with undergraduate nursing students (n = 350). Method: Descriptive Information Form, Climate Change Worry Scale, and Environmental Sensitivity Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The relationship between global climate change concern and environmental sensitivity of nursing students was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis, and the effect of climate change concern on environmental sensitivity of nursing students was evaluated by simple regression analysis. Results: It was determined that there was a positive and moderately significant relationship between the mean total scores of the Climate Change Concern Scale and the mean total scores of the Environmental Sensitivity Scale (r = 0.388, p < 0.001). Conclusions: As a result of this study, it was found that as nursing students' concern about global climate change increased, their sensitivity toward the environment also increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research was conducted in descriptive type to determine the disaster risk perception and sustainable earthquake awareness of nursing students studying at public and private universities. Methods: The study sample consisted of 400 nursing students studying at one public and one private university. The research was conducted between April and May 2023. The data were collected using a Sociodemographic Form, University Students Disaster Risk Perception Scale (USDRPS), and Sustainable Earthquake Awareness Scale (SEAS). Data were collected online using a questionnaire created on Google Forms. Analyses included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation values, independent groups t‐test, post‐hoc Tukey test, LSD, and ANOVA test. Results: Of the students, 61.8% had a disaster experience, 17.4% had lost a relative in the disaster, and 76.8% did not consider themselves prepared for a possible disaster. In the study, the exposure sub‐dimension score of the disaster risk perception scale was found to be higher in students who had disaster experience than in those who did not (p = 0.032). Nursing students from the private university had higher sustainable earthquake awareness scores than those studying at the state university (p = 0.001). The mean scores of female students on the earthquake preparedness and preparation application sub‐dimensions showed a significant difference compared to the scores of male students (p = 0.016). In the study, sustainable earthquake awareness total and earthquake preparedness sub‐dimension scores were higher in second‐year nursing students than in students of other years (p = 0.042; 0.015). Those who had received disaster training had low scores on the uncontrollable sub‐dimension of the disaster risk perception scale, and high scores on the total SEAS and earthquake‐structure relationship, earthquake preparedness, and earthquake preparation application sub‐dimensions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the study, three out of four students did not find themselves prepared for disasters. Those who had disaster experience had higher disaster risk perceptions. Students who had received disaster‐related training had more positive earthquake preparedness, earthquake‐structure relationship, and earthquake preparation applications than those who had not. Students who were female and were in the second year had higher earthquake awareness. Studies can be carried out to inform people about the pre‐disaster and preparation stages to raise awareness about disasters at universities. Education on disaster management can be integrated into courses from the first years of university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In 2017, a provincial Liberal government launched the Ontario Basic Income Pilot (OBIP) to assess a promising approach to poverty reduction in Ontario, Canada. It was prematurely canceled by a subsequent Conservative government, despite election promises assuring that it would continue. The cancelation affected 4000 OBIP recipients. Objective: This study explored how participants' lives were on the OBIP compared to their lives before and after the pilot project using the social determinants of mental health (SDoMH) as a key lens. Study Design and Data Collection: Semistructured interview data, gathered in 2019, were collected from a sample of 46 OBIP participants from three study sites, viewed through the lenses of structural violence and the SDoMH, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings: We identified eight themes from the data, all of which pointed to the positive impacts of the OBIP on the SDoMH of participants. These included expanded opportunities for education and employment, improved housing stability, enhanced social inclusion (including an escape from the denigrations of receiving charity), improved sense of security and mental health, the wherewithal to eschew "crappy foods" in favor of healthier options, and the freedom to live one's life as one chooses. All these positive impacts were threatened or reversed by the Pilot's cancelation. Conclusions and Implications: The discontinuation of the OBIP, a benefit that appeared to be improving the mental health and well‐being of OBIP participants, can be viewed as an act of structural violence by government leaders. This study contributes to the growing evidence showing that cash transfer programs, such as a basic income, can alleviate psychological distress and improve mental well‐being for people living in poverty. A groundswell of mobilized citizens, and public health and mental health practitioners specifically, must hold governments accountable for acts of structural violence that can readily be addressed through policies that eradicate poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian and international research has consistently revealed that children residing in Out of Home Care (OOHC) experience low academic achievement, high rates of suspension, high rates of early school drop‐out and poor representation in post school study. To address the issues experienced by many students in OOHC, trauma informed policies have been introduced in schools and education districts, both in Australia and internationally. Informed by current research and by the Trauma Informed Approach Guidelines, developed by the US Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), this research aimed to identify and analyse current OOHC education policies and support documents implemented by Australian State and Territory Departments of Education. Using a thematic content analysis of national and international research on the concerning educational outcomes of OOHC students, a policy analysis framework was created and used as the tool to analyse Australian OOHC education policies currently implemented by state and territory Departments of Education. Considerable variations were evident in OOHC education policies throughout Australian Departments of Education, with only the states of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria having policies explicitly for OOHC students. Significant variations also existed in the levels and types of support provided between Australian states and territories. Australian Departments of Education, schools and teacher practitioners can do more to further enhance the educational experience of students residing in OOHC. Suggestions have been made on how this can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study assessed the achievement rates of metabolic risk factor targets and their association with clinical characteristics and comorbidities among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated in the primary care in Austria. Materials and Methods: A countrywide cross‐sectional study, the AUSTRO‐PROFIT, was conducted in Austria from 2021 to 2023 on 635 individuals with T2D. Metabolic risk factor targets were defined as the percentage of people achieving low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) <70 mg/dL (or < 55 mg/dL if cardiovascular or microvascular disease was present), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% (53 mmol/mol) and blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.7 ± 11.2 years; the median duration of T2D was 8 (4–14) years; and 58.7% of the participants were male. The percentages of participants achieving LDL‐C, HbA1c, blood pressure and all targets were 44%, 53%, 57% and 13%, respectively. Older age, longer T2D duration, cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications were associated with suboptimal achievement of metabolic risk factor targets. Conclusions: The AUSTRO‐PROFIT study revealed notable variations in metabolic targets achievement with respect to clinical characteristics and comorbidities. These findings underscore the importance of establishing national diabetes registries and implementing multifactorial targeted and individualized interventions to further improve the quality of T2D care in primary care settings in Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research focuses on various macro and meso aspects of collaboration and less on the individuals who make decisions about their organizations' collaborations. Organizational leaders make these decisions based on their interpretations, influenced by their personal characteristics. Existing studies examining organizational outcomes such as a decision to collaborate typically consider these characteristics separately and independently, ignoring the reality that a leader's characteristics jointly and interactively shape perspectives, attitudes, and behaviors. We focus on five prominent characteristics in the literature—gender, educational attainment, prior cross‐sector experience, current cross‐sector affiliation, and tenure in position—and study their configurational dynamics regarding the organization‐level outcome—the propensity of cross‐sector collaboration. We employ qualitative comparative analysis to develop and test a configurational model for cross‐sector collaboration, using survey data of local government and nonprofit leaders in Lebanon. The analysis offers exploratory insights into four configurational types of leaders whose organizations opt to collaborate at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the relationship between medication literacy and the degree to which patients are considered capable of medication self‐management, the factors influencing the strength of this relationship and the factors influencing a patient's capability for medication self‐management. Between January and April 2022, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted on hospitalised patients (65+) with polypharmacy. Medication literacy was evaluated using the MEDication Literacy Assessment of Geriatric patients and informal caregivers (MED‐fLAG). The SelfMED assessment determined a patient's capability for medication self‐management. The relationship between MED‐fLAG and SelfMED was explored with Pearson's r. Moderation analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the strength of the relationship between both. Linear regression explored the factors influencing SelfMED scores. In total, 169 patients participated in the study. Patients considered themselves more capable of in‐hospital medication self‐management (8/10 rating) compared to nurses' and physicians' opinions (6/10 rating). Interactive medication literacy scored higher (mean = 3.0) than functional (mean = 2.9) and critical medication literacy (mean = 2.8). The more medication literacy skills, the more patients were considered able for medication self‐management by healthcare providers (r = 0.630, p < 0.001). Moderation analysis could not reveal any factors that significantly affected the strength of the relationship between both. Age, managing medication independently at home, the number of chronic conditions and medication literacy were significant predictors of a patient's capability for in‐hospital medication self‐management. This study demonstrated a rather strong correlation between the results of the MED‐fLAG and the SelfMED assessment. Hence, SelfMED can be used as a stand‐alone first screening instrument to determine a patient's capability for in‐hospital medication self‐management, without first assessing medication literacy. MED‐fLAG can provide valuable insights into the medication literacy of patients considered less capable of managing their medication, allowing medication information and interventions to be tailored to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a comprehensive competency framework for artificial intelligence (AI) literacy, delineating essential competencies and sub‐competencies. This framework and its potential variations, tailored to different learner groups (by educational level and discipline), can serve as a crucial reference for designing and implementing AI curricula. However, the research on AI literacy by target learners is still in its infancy, and the findings of several existing studies provide inconsistent guidelines for educational practices. Following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, we searched the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases to identify relevant studies published between January 2012 and October 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using QualSyst. A total of 29 studies were identified, and their research findings were synthesized. Results show that at the K‐12 level, the required competencies include basic AI knowledge, device usage, and AI ethics. For higher education, the focus shifts to understanding data and algorithms, problem‐solving, and career‐related competencies. For general workforce, emphasis is placed on the interpretation and utilization of data and AI tools for specific careers, along with error detection and AI‐based decision‐making. This study connects the progression of specific learning objectives, which should be intensively addressed at each stage, to propose an AI literacy education pathway. We discuss the findings, potentials, and limitations of the derived competency framework for AI literacy, including its theoretical and practical implications and future research suggestions. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic AI literacy is becoming increasingly important as AI technologies are integrated into various aspects of life and work. Research on AI literacy competencies across diverse learner groups and disciplines remains fragmented and inconsistent to guide educational practices. Studies providing a coherent pathway for AI literacy development throughout educational and working life are lacking. What this paper adds A comprehensive AI literacy competency framework consisting of 8 competencies and 18 sub‐competencies. Variations in AI literacy competencies with tailored configuration and prioritization across different learner groups by school levels and disciplines. A proposed pathway for developing AI literacy from K‐12 to higher education and workforce levels. Implications for practice and policy The framework can guide the design and implementation of AI curricula tailored to different learner characteristics and needs. Education should shift focus from teaching how to use AI to fostering competencies for critical, strategic, responsible and ethical integration of AI. Policies are needed to support a systematic pathway for lifelong AI literacy development from K‐12 education to workforce training. What is already known about this topic AI literacy is becoming increasingly important as AI technologies are integrated into various aspects of life and work. Research on AI literacy competencies across diverse learner groups and disciplines remains fragmented and inconsistent to guide educational practices. Studies providing a coherent pathway for AI literacy development throughout educational and working life are lacking. What this paper adds A comprehensive AI literacy competency framework consisting of 8 competencies and 18 sub‐competencies. Variations in AI literacy competencies with tailored configuration and prioritization across different learner groups by school levels and disciplines. A proposed pathway for developing AI literacy from K‐12 to higher education and workforce levels. Implications for practice and policy The framework can guide the design and implementation of AI curricula tailored to different learner characteristics and needs. Education should shift focus from teaching how to use AI to fostering competencies for critical, strategic, responsible and ethical integration of AI. Policies are needed to support a systematic pathway for lifelong AI literacy development from K‐12 education to workforce training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Materials and methods Results Conclusion In addition to the health effects of plant‐based diets, their impact on the environment is becoming increasingly important. This study was conducted to assess the impact of adherence to a plant‐based diet on sustainable eating behaviors.This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 2122 Turkish adults, 73% female and 27% male. The plant‐based diet index (PDI), healthy plant‐based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant‐based diet index (uPDI) were obtained from a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After the index scores were calculated, the sample was divided into tertiles for each index. The sustainable eating behaviors of the participants were determined with the ‘Behaviors Scale towards Sustainable Nutrition’.The PDI and hPDI levels of female participants were found to be higher than those of male participants. Factors such as age, exercise and educational status were also found to affect adherence to a plant‐based diet. In regression models, PDI (Model 1; β: 0.413, Model 2; β: 0.369, Model 3; β: 0.367) and hPDI (Model 1; β: 0.462, Model 2; β: 0.366, Model 3; β: 0. 351) scores had a positive effect on sustainable eating behavior scores, whereas uPDI (Model 1; β: −0.496, Model 2; β: −0.471, Model 3; β: −0.459) scores had a negative effect (P < 0.001).Our findings suggest that individuals with higher adherence to overall plant‐based and healthy plant‐based diets exhibit more sustainable eating behaviors. Promoting healthy plant‐based diets presents a promising approach to advancing sustainable nutrition, and mitigating environmental challenges. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusions Studies have shown associations between polygenic risk scores for educational attainment (PRSEA), cognitive reserve (CR), cognition, negative symptoms (NS), and psychosocial functioning in first‐episode psychosis (FEP). However, their specific interactions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of CR, cognition, and NS in the relationship between PRSEA and psychosocial functioning one year after a FEP. Additionally, we sought to explore the impact of two NS subtypes on this relationship: diminished Expression (EXP‐NS) and Motivation and Pleasure (MAP‐NS).A total of 138 FEP participants, predominantly male (70%), with a mean age of 24.77 years (SD = 5.29), underwent genetic, clinical, and cognitive assessments two months after study enrollment. Functioning evaluation followed at one‐year follow‐up. To investigate the mediating role of CR, cognition, and NS in the relationship between PRSEA and functioning, a serial mediation model was employed. Two further mediation models were tested to explore the differential impact of EXP‐NS and MAP‐NS. Mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro version 4.1 within SPSS version 26.The serial mediation model revealed a causal chain for PRSEA > CR > cognition > NS > Functioning (β = −3.08, 95%CI [−5.73, −0.43], p = 0.023). When differentiating by type of NS, only EXP‐NS were significantly associated in the casual chain (β = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.39, −0.01], p < 0.05).CR, cognition and NS ‐specifically EXP‐NS‐ mediate the association between PRSEA and psychosocial functioning at one‐year follow‐up in FEP patients. These results highlight the potential for personalized interventions based on genetic predisposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents serve as the primary informants about infant development, wherefore interparent agreement is essential for facilitating timely identification of children at risk. We studied interparent agreement about infant socioemotional adjustment among 323 mothers and fathers/co‐parents of 11‐month‐old infants living in Denmark using The Ages & Stages Questionnaires®: Social‐Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ®:SE‐2). Agreement was assessed through correlation, mean differences, and agreement on different risk levels. We also examined predictors of agreement including child gender, duration of paternity leave, parental educational level, and parenting stress. Finally, interaction effects between parents’ educational levels and parenting stress were also examined. Results showed moderate correlations and a small mean difference between parents’ total scores, with mothers reporting better infant socioemotional adjustment than fathers. There were also significant differences in terms of placing the child at different risk levels, emphasizing the practical implications of interparent disagreement for screening purposes. Interparent disagreement was predicted by an interaction effect between parents’ levels of parenting stress. Results showed that when fathers/co‐parents experience low levels of parenting stress, higher levels of parenting stress among mothers are associated with more disagreement. The study is limited as the sample primarily comprises parents of Danish origin with high educational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Doctor–patient trust, especially patients' trust in doctors, represents patients' compliance with doctors' behavior and may affect patients' choice of medical treatment behavior. This paper aims to delve into the profound impact of doctor–patient trust on the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. Additionally, it formulates corresponding policy suggestions for reforming this system from a practical perspective, offering a useful reference for the development of both the theory and practice of China's healthcare protections. Methods: In this paper, the rank‐dependent expected utility theory was used to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system for observing the interactions and behaviors between superior hospitals, primary hospitals, and patients under different levels of doctor–patient trust. Meanwhile, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression methods were used in empirical research for revealing the specific mechanism. Results: When the doctor–patient trust is at a high level, it is easier for each participant in the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system to choose cooperative strategies, thus enabling the system to operate smoothly. Specifically, the medical level of healthcare institutions exerts a significantly positive impact on the level of doctor–patient trust and concurrently, an enhanced level of doctor–patient trust promotes patients' adherence to the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system when making healthcare choices. Conclusions: Doctor–patient trust is a significant bridge connecting medical institutions and patients. It is an important factor to realize the orderly operation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. To attain the objective of strengthening doctor–patient trust and fostering the smooth functioning of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, it is essential to capitalize on policy mechanism to motivate healthcare service providers to enhance their medical capabilities and gradually guide patients to make healthcare choices in an orderly manner according to the system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exposure to family risk factors increases adolescents' chances of attaining a lower educational level. However, some adolescents attain a high educational level despite being exposed to family risk factors such as a lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) or receiving less family support. Method: Using data from the Dutch TRAILS cohort study (NT1 = 2175; Mage = 11.1, SD = 0.55, 50.8% female), we investigated if higher levels of effortful control and peer support can buffer against the negative effects of a lower parental SES and less family support on educational level. Two multinomial logistic regressions were performed (from early to mid‐adolescence and from mid‐adolescence to young adulthood) with post hoc tests to contrast four ordinal educational levels: practical vocational, theoretical vocational, higher general, and (pre‐)university. Results: Adolescents with a higher parental SES were consistently more likely to end up at a higher educational level, but family support was hardly associated with educational level. Neither effortful control nor peer support buffered the associations of parental SES and family support with educational level. Effortful control did have a positive direct (compensatory) effect on the educational level. Conclusion: We conclude that other individual competencies or more structural changes may be more helpful buffers for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health and education are interrelated and influence social, economic and lifestyle perspectives. Children with chronic illnesses experience barriers in the educational system regarding school attendance and social isolation. Gaining knowledge of compulsory education and how children with chronic illnesses are supported is crucial for the implications of future education policy and legislation in Scandinavia. This study compares Scandinavian legislation frameworks on compulsory education, chronic illness and school absence to form the basis of future research on education for children with chronic illness. Methods: The study uses a comparative approach to explore the support of children with chronic illnesses in compulsory education across Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The documents included are 3 education acts and 15 secondary documents, which are notes and guidelines for the education acts. The data were analysed using a manifest content analysis. Findings: We found four categories and six subcategories: (1) school obligation and rights; (2) chronic illness; (3) school absence: (a) categorisation of absence; (b) registration of absence; and (c) sanction; and (4) education support: (a) Hospital school support; (b) Home instruction support; and (c) technological support. Conclusion: This study's findings demonstrate the similarities and differences in the Scandinavian compulsory education legislation and guidelines regarding chronic illness and school absence. We found similarities across the countries regarding chronic illness and school absence. Still, the findings showed differences in the systematic registration of school absence and requirements for attendance with compulsory education in Norway and Denmark compared with compulsory schooling in Sweden. This knowledge will inform and enlighten future discussions and decisions in education and public health. The results can contribute to awareness of the opportunities for educational support and perspectives about education for children with chronic illnesses. Future research focusing on the experience of children with chronic illness and educational support is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, care experiences of the growing population of contraceptive users are not well‐understood. We leverage a large client dataset (n = 71,602) from three countries (Burkina Faso, Pakistan, and Tanzania) to characterize contraceptive services sought (visit objective and method preference), assess whether these visit objectives were met and for whom, and explore if visit objective fulfillment was associated with care quality. Most people in all three countries said they were seeking to continue their current method or adopt a method for the first time. Clients seeking to change their method were least likely to have their objective met: 63.7 percent of clients in Burkina Faso, 73.3 percent in Pakistan, and 61.1 percent in Tanzania who wanted to switch actually achieved this during the visit. In Burkina Faso, people with lower socioeconomic standing, lower educational attainment, and lower parity less commonly had their switching objective, fulfilled. Method preference fulfillment was generally high, although approximately 15 percent of Tanzanian clients were given implants despite wanting another method. Among those seeking to adopt or restart a method in Pakistan and Tanzania, having this visit objective fulfilled, was correlated with better perceived treatment and higher person‐centeredness of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the complex relationship between Transgression type (for‐profit vs. non‐profit) and individual‐level variables in shaping moral perceptions and online victimization of wrongdoer organizations (OVWOM) following transgressions by conducting two experimental studies (N1 = 111, N2 = 164). Study 1 utilizes real‐world organizations to investigate the impact of transgression type (for‐profit vs. non‐profit), whereas Study 2 employs fictitious entities to alleviate potential response bias and focuses on moral disengagement as a moderating factor. Findings reveal a decrease in perceived morality post‐transgression across both transgression types, with non‐profits not eliciting significantly higher OVWOM. However, the influence of transgression type on perceived morality is found to be contingent upon individual moral disengagement, affecting OVWOM in Study 2. Moreover, factors such as desire for revenge, social desirability bias, gender, and educational background emerge as significant predictors of perceived morality and OVWOM. These results highlight the nuanced nature of public responses to organizational transgressions, emphasizing the complex interplay between organizational characteristics and individual psychological mechanisms. The study underscores the necessity of integrating moral disengagement and individual‐level factors into crisis management strategies for organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of aversion to health inequality have found that this is often greater when health outcomes are presented as varying with socioeconomic conditions. We sought to understand better why this is by studying the cognitive appraisals made about health inequality when presented with distinct explanatory framings. Across two pre‐registered studies (N = 1321), UK and US participants judged the acceptability of life expectancy differences attributed to distinct framings: income, education, social class, neighborhood, lifestyle choices, and genetics. Health inequality was least acceptable when attributed to the four socioeconomic framings, and most acceptable for lifestyle choices and genetics. Six appraisal dimensions—complexity, malleability, inevitability, and extent driven by biological, psychological, and sociocultural causes—varied with framing and predicted views on health inequality. These dimensions could explain most of the drop in acceptability for health inequality attributed to socioeconomic factors relative to a condition with no framing. This work illustrates for the first time the cognitive appraisals and causal intuitions that link different explanatory framings to views on health inequality. These framings are viewed as least acceptable because they reduce the perceived involvement of biological causes while increasing the perception that sociocultural and psychological factors contribute to health inequality. Public significance statement: Academics use different socioeconomic variables to describe health inequalities. We show that different explanatory framings change appraisals about the causes, malleability, and inevitability of health inequalities. Socioeconomic explanations (income, education, social class, and neighborhood) reduce acceptability because they reduce the perception that health is biologically caused and increase the perceived role of socio‐cultural factors. Public support for intervention on health inequalities will be best served by framings that emphasize these differences [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explored the correlations between stressors in the family‐work system, the assessment of family‐friendly management practices, and work dedication among parents in Israel, with a comparison between fathers and mothers. The research sample included 317 Jewish parents, each with at least one child under the age of 10 (158 mothers, 159 fathers). Quantitative methods were employed, and data were collected by the Israeli Panels Research Institute. Women tend to make more accommodation requests for childcare and experience greater discrimination at work than fathers. Accommodation requests and assessments of non‐family‐friendly management practices correlated with feelings of being discriminated against among both men and women. However, discrimination correlated negatively to work dedication only among women. Negative experiences at work contribute more to explaining the dedication of women to work than the dedication of men. Public significance statement: The findings indicate that for both genders, perceptions of management as non‐family‐friendly and the frequency of accommodation requests are positively correlated with experiences of discrimination among working parents. However, the experience of discrimination is negatively correlated with work dedication only among mothers. These findings underscore the importance of organizations pursuing a family‐friendly agenda. Advancing such an agenda is pivotal, as it could mitigate experiences of discrimination and thereby contribute indirectly to employee well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Many people with psychosis do not seek help which delays access to recommended treatments. Duration of untreated psychosis is associated with poor healthcare outcomes and increased risk of relapse. The reasons why people delay accessing treatment remain unclear. This is the first systematic review to synthesise the literature examining professional and non‐professional help‐seeking in psychosis across clinical and subclinical populations. Methods: We searched four databases (APA PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, Medline and British Library EThOS) to generate a comprehensive account of the quantitative literature. Heterogeneity of measures precluded a meta‐analysis. Results: We identified 19 articles (including 9686 participants) that met criteria for the review. Help‐seeking in psychosis is associated with being female, having a higher level of education, and experiencing more than one symptom. People with psychosis report stigma, poor mental health literacy and lack of family support as key barriers. Clinicians report childhood physical abuse, insecure attachment and severity of psychosis as additional barriers. We also found differences in preferred sources of help across cultures. There is currently no consensus on reliable help‐seeking measures. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review to examine help‐seeking behaviour in psychosis. Assertive and culturally sensitive engagement efforts should be targeted towards people with a history of early adversity, poor mental health literacy, limited social support and more severe psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Objective: This study examined (a) differences in demographic and injury‐related characteristics following traumatic brain injury (TBI) between Native American and White individuals; (b) differences in community participation between Native American and White individuals with TBI at 1, 2, and 5 years after TBI; and (c) whether demographic or injury‐related characteristics account for community participation disparities. Research Method/Design: A sample of 63 Native American individuals demographically matched to 63 White individuals (n = 126) was enrolled while on acute rehabilitation for moderate or severe TBI. Baseline demographic and injury‐related characteristics were collected at this time and the Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools (PART‐O) measure of community participation at 1, 2, and 5 years after TBI. Results: Native American individuals were less likely to have private insurance and be employed at the time of injury and more likely to have had lower educational attainment and engaged in binge drinking in the month prior to TBI compared to White individuals. Native American individuals demonstrated lower Out and About scores but statistically equivalent Social and Productivity scores. The difference in Out and About scores did not change as a function of time, and the overall difference between the two groups dissipated with the inclusion of statistically different sociodemographic variables. Conclusions/Implications: Clinicians can provide culturally sensitive, patient‐ and family‐centered care by conducting comprehensive interviews and identifying strengths as well as risk factors that enhance or hinder community participation after TBI in Native American individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research is the foundation of the dietetic profession and of evidence‐based guidelines/practice. The present study aimed to examine the level of research involvement among dietitians in Europe. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted among dietitians across Europe using the validated Research Involvement Questionnaire (RIQ), which assigns participants to four levels of research involvement. The survey link was distributed through various channels; for example, National Dietetic Association (NDA) members of European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), the EFAD eNewsletter, national newsletters, etc. Data were analysed with SPSS, using descriptive statistics, statistical tests and ordinal logistic regression analysis with the level of research involvement as the dependent variable. Results: In total, 257 European dietitians completed the survey (84.6% female). Most participants held a Master's degree (46.1%), followed by a Bachelor's degree (27.3%) or Doctorate (25.7%). One‐third of participants were involved at level 3 or 4 (leading research, leadership in research), whereas most were involved at level 1 (evidence‐based practice) or 2 (collaboration in research). The multivariate regression analysis showed that dietitians' research involvement was higher in dietitians with a Doctorate and in Northern/Southern Europe compared to Eastern/Western Europe. Conclusions: Dietitians have low levels of research involvement in practice even when highly qualified. Interventions to motivate dietitians to be more involved in research projects are important, as well as interventions to facilitate dietitians' research activities. This would inform the discipline's evidence base, strengthen the professional status of dietitians and increase their reputation within the healthcare sector. Highlights: Evidence‐based practice and research are the foundations of all dietetic practice, but the degree of engagement at a European level has not been assessed.Dietitians working in Europe report low levels of research involvement in practice, even when highly qualified.Dietitian's working in Northern and Southern Europe and those with a Doctorate have higher levels of research involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a large literature consistently showing a relationship between higher levels of education and lower levels of ethnic prejudice, some points of contention remain. First, it remains unclear whether education has a causal effect on attitudes, mainly due to a lack of longitudinal studies. Second, due to the majority of studies on prejudice being conducted in Europe and North America, we do not know to what extent the inverse relationship between education and prejudice is generalizable beyond the "global North." To answer these questions, I study attitudes toward immigrants in Chile in the years 2016–2022, using six waves of the Chilean Longitudinal Social Survey. Chile provides new variations in economic and cultural factors, with its stable albeit highly unequal economy, and increased immigration from culturally similar countries which shed light on possible scope conditions of the so‐called liberalizing effect of education. I analyze whether attaining more education has an effect on reducing levels of perceived economic and cultural threat. The findings show that increases in education are associated with both lower levels of perceived economic and cultural threat, with education having a stronger effect on the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internationally qualified nurses are highly sought after as a labour source due to continued shortages in the nursing profession in most developed countries. However, the lack of clear policies and procedures for nurses in the host country to use specialty nursing skills can result in the underutilisation of their expertise. Objectives: To review the registration processes of internationally qualified nurses in 20 developed countries, with a focus on the transferability of specialised skills gained overseas. Methods: A multicentre policy review design was used, using the STROBE reporting guidelines. The study sourced policy information from nurse registration bodies in developed countries and reviewed and removed redundant policies. Results: Out of 34 policies initially identified, 26 were used to show the registration process of nurses after immigration to developed countries. Only four of the 20 countries reviewed indicated the option of specialised nurse registration on their website for internationally qualified nurses, with a university qualification required before years of experience. All other countries indicated the general registration pathway only. Implications for nursing policy: More attention is needed to address the lack of well‐defined policies that guide the utilisation of internationally qualified nurses' specialised skills. Transparent procedures are essential to fully benefit from their expertise in the host country's health workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate gender differences in the actual and expected income among psychiatric nurses in China. Background: Although studies have shown that male nurses earn more than female nurses in other countries, there are no published data regarding gender income differences among psychiatric nurses in China. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 41 representative psychiatric hospitals in China. Demographic, income, and job‐related data were analyzed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score. Findings: The sample included 9256 psychiatric nurses, and nearly four‐fifths (79.3%) were female. Males earned slightly higher average monthly incomes than female nurses, while initial analysis showed no significant overall gender income difference (p > 0.05). Notably, most participants (92.5%) desired an income increase of at least 10%, with over half (56.2%) expressing significant dissatisfaction with their current income. After adjustment using propensity score combined with IPTW, females in the junior and mid‐level groups had significantly lower income than their male counterparts (all p < 0.01), despite having different night shift patterns. However, there were no significant gender differences in actual or expected income among senior‐level psychiatric nurses (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A majority of psychiatric nurses in China express dissatisfaction with their current incomes and expect higher incomes. Male nurses earned significantly more than female nurses in the junior and mid‐level professional groups, potentially due to their differences in night shifts. Implications for nursing policy and health policy: Policymakers and hospital administrators should optimize the income structures of nurses and develop targeted policies to address the gender income gap. Improving nurse income has the potential to enhance motivation and satisfaction within the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate whether education, tenure, being an advanced practice nurse, skill level, and time pressure impact perceptions of "having a place" and, further, turnover intentions. Background: Nursing shortages persist worldwide. Nurses' turnover intentions are negatively related to their perceptions of "having a place" (i.e., the feeling that the nursing workplace is their territory). However, the sources of nurses' perceptions of the perception of "having a place" remain unknown. Methods: Our research employed a cross‐sectional and correlational design. This research was conducted at a large‐scale hospital in northern Taiwan from December 2021 to January 2022. We used personnel data pertaining to 430 nurses as well as scales for time pressure, "having a place" and turnover intentions to assess nurses' intention to leave their place of employment. The inclusion criteria focused on full‐time nurses who worked for the hospital under investigation. Most of our participants were women. The STROBE statement was used as the EQUATOR checklist (supplemental file). Results: "Having a place" was positively related to educational level, tenure, and skill level, while being an advanced practice nurse was negatively associated with perceptions of "having a place," which in turn were negatively related to turnover intention among nurses. Conclusion: Our study is the first to examine the antecedents of nurses' perceptions of "having a place," which include education, tenure, and skill level. Implications for nursing policy: Nursing policymakers could encourage nurses to pursue higher degrees and update their nursing skills while instilling perceptions of "having a place" in nurses with a brief tenure and advanced practice nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine whether nurses' self‐efficacy affected envy levels and to develop the necessary strategies. Background: Envy is a widespread global phenomenon. Envy can harm the individual, the work environment, and nursing care. However, the relationships between self‐efficacy and envy have not been adequately explored in the nursing context. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross‐sectional descriptive study. The study sample consisted of 361 nurses working in a university hospital in a province of Türkiye. The research model was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. This study was reported using the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies. Results: Nurses' educational status affected their self‐efficacy. No other personal characteristics influenced self‐efficacy and envy. There was a positive relationship between malicious and benign envy. As nurses' self‐efficacy increased, malicious envy decreased and benign envy increased. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that nurses' education level affected self‐efficacy, and self‐efficacy level affected envy, and malicious envy could be reduced by improving nurses' self‐efficacy. Implications for nursing and health policy: Nursing managers and policymakers should support nursing education at the minimum undergraduate level, encourage nurses to continue their professional education to improve their self‐efficacy, and provide training to increase their self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the professional values of graduates of master's and doctoral programs in nursing and their views on the contribution of postgraduate education to their professional values. Background: In postgraduate education, which is an important catalyst of professional identity development, a professional is expected to specialize in a field, get into more depth professionally, internalize professional values, and reflect and strengthen these values. To shed light on this expectation, more information is needed to assess the impact of postgraduate education on professional values. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed‐methods design was used. Data were collected for the quantitative part of the study for 385 graduates of postgraduate nursing education programs in Turkey who were selected using the snowball sampling method, while the maximum variation sampling method was used to collect data from 12 individuals for the qualitative part of the study. The Nurses Professional Values Scale (NPVS) and a Semi‐Structured Interview Form were used to collect data in October‐December 2022. The quantitative data obtained in the study were analyzed using the SPSS software, and the qualitative data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software. Results: The mean total NPVS score of the participants was 130.32 ± 21.34 (possible range: 31–155). Among all dimensions, the highest mean score of the participants was in the caring dimension, followed by professionalism and activism. There were significant differences in the NPVS total and subscale scores of the participants based on their views on the contributions of age, institution where they worked, marital status, position at work, and postgraduate education to the acquisition of professional values. In the qualitative dimension of the study, two main themes were identified. One of these themes was the theme of professional values in postgraduate nursing education that covered the categories of professional values gained through postgraduate education, professional values that a nurse who has completed postgraduate education should have, and professional values in postgraduate nursing education. The second theme was the theme named recommendations for providing nurses with professional values through postgraduate education. The integration of data from both components indicated that the qualitative interviews enriched the quantitative findings. Conclusion: It was concluded that postgraduate nursing education programs contribute greatly to the professional values of graduates and strengthen their professional values. Implications for nursing and health policy: For the future of nursing, increasing professional strengths and visibility is significantly associated with professional values. This situation requires nurses with strong professional values. Graduate education programs in nursing should be developed in this direction and focus on development of professional values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to understand Indonesian nurses' familiarity with the concept of reasonable adjustments, and the frequency of its application within their practice. Background: People with intellectual disability and/or autism are exposed to significant barriers when accessing healthcare and have poorer health outcomes than those without developmental disabilities. Reasonable adjustments can improve accessibility and quality of healthcare for people with disabilities and involves adapting practices and environments to promote equitable healthcare. Introduction: There is a scarcity of literature focused on the application of reasonable adjustments in the Indonesian nursing context. A greater understanding of the application of reasonable adjustments in this context can help inform nursing curricula and policy. Methods: A cross‐sectional, descriptive survey ‐was undertaken and is reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Evaluations and Non‐randomised Designs. Following descriptive analysis, bivariate analyses were undertaken between key demographic, workplace, and self‐reported capability variables, and familiarity and implementation of reasonable adjustments. Results: The majority of respondents were not familiar with the concept of reasonable adjustments and self‐reported sometimes applying it within their practice. Higher levels of educational and clinical exposure to intellectual disability and/or autism, and self‐capability variables, were significantly associated with familiarity with reasonable adjustments and their application. Conclusions: An increase in nursing curricula focused on caring for people with intellectual disability and/or autism, including content focused on applying reasonable adjustments, is indicated. Implications for nursing policy: Given that, internationally, people with intellectual disability and/or autism have disproportionately negative health outcomes and experiences, findings highlighting gaps in understanding and application of reasonable adjustments of Indonesian nurses have substantial implications for nursing policy and curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the potential mediating roles of nurses' job satisfaction and burnout in the association between decent work and turnover intention. Background: There is a global challenge of nursing shortages in healthcare systems worldwide. Decent work is crucial for safeguarding the rights and professional development outcomes of nurses. However, there is currently limited research on decent work among nurses, and there is a lack of studies exploring the relationships between nurses' decent work, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey design was employed with a sample of 460 nurses from three hospitals: The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, and Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. The STROBE checklist was used. Mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro was used to examine the relationships between decent work, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention. Results: The results showed that nurses' perception of decent work directly influences their turnover intention. Additionally, these findings strongly support the role of job satisfaction and burnout as mediating factors in the relationship between decent work and turnover intention. Conclusions: Decent work reduces nurse burnout and turnover intention of enhancing their job satisfaction. Implications for nursing and health policy: This study's findings have important implications for healthcare organizations and policymakers. Recognizing the pivotal role of decent work in nurses' job satisfaction and well‐being can guide the development of strategies to improve working conditions and reduce turnover rates. It is imperative for healthcare institutions to prioritize creating safe, supportive, and equitable work conditions for nurses, as this can contribute to higher job satisfaction and, subsequently, lower turnover rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: This study examined how parenting styles influence children's language skills and reading comprehension. Materials and Methods: Six hundred and eighty‐five Chinese‐speaking third graders (Mage = 9.23 years, SD =.66; 341 girls) were randomly recruited from eight primary schools. We measured students' primary caregivers' parenting styles, parental education, family income, migration status, number of children's extracurricular books in the home and family cohesion at Wave 1 (i.e. grade 3). We also assessed students' reading motivation, language skills (i.e. vocabulary knowledge and syntactic awareness) and reading comprehension at Wave 2 (i.e. grade 4). Results: The structural equation model analysis revealed that parenting styles indirectly affect language and reading comprehension development, with authoritative and authoritarian parenting exerting different influences on the two outcomes. Specifically, authoritative parenting was positively related to the number of children's books, which in turn was directly, or indirectly through reading motivation, associated with children's language skills and reading comprehension. In contrast, authoritarian parenting was negatively related to family cohesion, which was associated with children's reading motivation, and consequently, their language skills and reading comprehension. The multigroup analysis showed that the indirect pathways varied slightly across parental migration statuses. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings enhance the global understanding of the pathways linking parenting styles to children's language skills and reading comprehension, suggesting that educators and researchers should not overly emphasize the direct role of parenting styles in children's academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parent involvement strongly correlates with children's educational attainment. Sociocultural shifts in parenting roles and shared responsibilities have driven an increase in the need for involvement of fathers in activities to support their children's educational development. Several factors are thought to influence father involvement in children's education; however, the most salient factors remain unclear. Aims: To examine which variables correlate with father involvement in their children's education using a combination of demographic, parent‐related and employment‐related variance. Sample: A total of 166 fathers of at least one child aged 6–17 years and residing across five industrialized Western countries participated in an online survey. Method: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMRA) was performed to examine the total and incremental variance using regression models including demographic, parenting‐ and employment‐related variables linked to educational involvement. Results and Conclusions: The variables included in the current study could explain a large and statistically significant 34% of the variability in fathers' educational involvement. Of these variables, only four were statistically significant in the final model. Specifically, fathers were more likely to be engaged in their children's education when their children were younger, and when parent self‐efficacy, positive work‐to‐family interface and financial anxiety were high. The study's findings indicate that a positive work environment can help fathers better support their children's education, offering a new focus for future interventions and policies. This includes those focused on targeting work‐related constructs to optimize family functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested the popular claim that women only apply for jobs when they are 100% qualified, whereas men apply already with as little as a 60% qualification fit. In Study 1, we presented a job advertisement and a CV with different levels of qualification fit. Participants were asked to imagine that the presented CV was their own and to indicate whether they would apply for the advertised job. No gender difference emerged in participants' application intentions, neither at 60% nor at 100% qualification fit. To enhance personal involvement, in Studies 2–4 we presented a job advertisement and asked participants to indicate whether they themselves would apply for the advertised job. Afterwards, participants indicated for every qualification criterion listed in the job advertisement whether they fulfilled it or not. We found a significant, but not robust gender difference in the predicted direction in the relationship between application intention and qualification fit. In addition, when asking how much women and men wanted to be prepared in application situations, women robustly indicated a higher desire for preparedness than men. Overall, our results indicate that for women psychological hurdles (i.e., desire for preparedness, fears and other gender‐relevant indicators assessed) are higher in application situations than for men. However, these do not seem to translate reliably into differential application intentions in the experimental paradigms used in our studies. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Heavy episodic drinking (HED) trends have not been comprehensively examined in Canada. We measured age, period and birth cohort trends in HED in Canada by sex/gender and socioeconomic position. Design and setting. We analyzed repeat cross‐sectional data from the 10 provinces in the Canadian Community Health Surveys from 2000 to 2021 using hierarchical cross‐classified random effects logistic regression. Participants: 1 167 831 respondents aged 12+. Measurements: HED was defined as 4+ standard drinks for women or 5+ for men at least monthly in the past 12 months. Socioeconomic position was measured using household income and education. Findings We observed steeper HED decreases in young adult men (aged 18–29) than women (by 14.4% and 8.7%, respectively, from 2015 to 2021) and HED increases in middle adult women (ages 50–64) (by 8.0% from 2000 to 2014). Sex/gender‐specific age‐period‐cohort models revealed strong age and birth cohort effects. In women and men, respectively, HED peaked in young adulthood (18.2% and 33.8%) and decreased with age, and HED was greatest in the 1980–1989 cohort (20.7% and 35.8%) and decreased in the most recent cohort born in 1990–2009 (15.6% and 19.8%), particularly in men. Higher household incomes had greater HED across age, periods and cohorts, while trends varied by education. Compared with lower education groups, people with a bachelor's degree or above had the lowest HED in middle adulthood. People with a bachelor's degree or above had low HED in earlier cohorts, which converged with other education groups in recent cohorts due to a pronounced HED increase, particularly in women. Conclusion: The sex/gender gap in heavy episodic drinking (HED) appears to be converging in Canada: current young adult men are reducing HED, while high‐risk cohorts of women are aging into middle adulthood with greater HED. Recent birth cohorts with a bachelor's degree or above experienced pronounced HED increases, which among women suggests greater educational attainment contributes to the converging gender gap in HED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new evidence linking different aspects of perceived inequality (education, employment, law enforcement, income and wealth, power, and gender) to life satisfaction. Using large‐scale national survey data, we examined the relationships between the six aspects of perceived inequality, life satisfaction, and generalized trust among South Koreans (N = 17,357). Exploratory structural equation modelling identified a two‐factor structure of perceived inequality: Opportunity Inequality (inequalities in education and employment) and Power Inequality (inequalities in income and wealth, law enforcement, power, and gender). Results from mediation analysis suggested that both aspects of inequality negatively predicted life satisfaction via reduced generalized trust. Those processes were consistent regardless of household income. The study underscores the critical impact that public perceptions of (in)equality in various opportunity and power aspects have on well‐being and trust and emphasizes the urgency of government and policy action to address the growing problem of inequality in South Korean society. The findings highlight the urgent need to address disparities and promote social harmony and well‐being in countries facing similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]