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Algae and its extracts, widely consumed as functional foods, offer numerous health benefits; however, a comprehensive systematic summary of clinical evidence is currently lacking. The study was to assess the available evidence and provide an accurate estimate of the overall effects of algae and its extracts supplementation on various health outcomes. The comprehensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until December 22, 2023 were implemented. The random‐effects model was employed to pool the overall effect sizes (ESs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Stata software. Moreover, detecting the methodological quality and evidence level of the eligible studies were employed by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review 2 (AMSTAR2) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. Ultimately, 25 articles covering 133 health outcomes were included in this umbrella review. The pooled results demonstrated that the algae and its extracts could significantly decrease body weight (ES = −1.65; 95% CI: −1.97, −1.34; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (ES = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.78, −0.07; p = 0.020), waist circumference (WC) (ES = −1.40; 95% CI: −1.40, −1.39; p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (ES = −1.38; 95% CI: −2.15, −0.62; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES: −1.40; 95% CI: −2.09, −0.72; p < 0.001), very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) (ES = −7.85; 95% CI: −8.55, −7.15; p < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (ES = −2.68; 95% CI: −4.57, −0.79; p = 0.005), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (ES = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.07; p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (ES = −3.21; 95% CI: −5.25, −1.17; p = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (ES = −3.84; 95% CI: −7.02, −0.65; p = 0.018), alanine transaminase (ES = −0.42; 95% CI: −0.70, −0.14; p = 0.003), and alkaline phosphatase (ES = −0.54; 95% CI: −0.99, −0.10; p = 0.017). Due to the limited number of studies, no benefit was displayed on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Considering the suboptimal quality of studies and the insufficient articles pertaining to certain outcomes, further well‐designed research is imperative to substantiate the observed findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This research aimed to produce water and ethanol extract of the medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, to lyophilise the extracts and to determine the influence of the lyophilised extracts, as a complete substitute for the MSG additive, on the sensory properties of industrially produced dehydrated vegetable soup. Based on SEM analysis, it can be observed that there are differences in the microstructure between the water and ethanol extracts. In the water extract, a great heterogeneity is observed in terms of structural characteristics. Water extract showed identical antimicrobial activity (15.7 mm) against Enterococcus faecalis compared to tetracycline, while the ethanol extract had identical antimicrobial activity (14.0 mm) compared to chloramphenicol. Both extracts can be competitive (P < 0.05) with BHT in terms of capturing DPPH radicals. According to the results of the sensory analysis, it can be noted that all analysed soups were well received (quality <70%) by the evaluators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities of Anchusa officinalis L. in vitro and in silico. The dried aerial parts of A. officinalis L. were extracted with methanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was analyzed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects were tested against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 10 phytochemical compounds, and cyclobutane (26.07%) was identified as the major photochemical compound. The methanol extract exhibited the maximum amount of total phenolic content (118.24 ± 4.42 mg QE/g dry weight of the dry extract) (R2 = 0.994) and the total flavonoid content was 94 ± 2.34 mg QE/g dry weight of the dry extract (R2 = 0.999). The IC50 value for 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid was 107.12 ± 3.42 μg/mL, and it was high for 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (123.94 ± 2.31 μg/mL). The IC50 value was 72.49 ± 3.14 against HepG2 cell lines, and a decreased value was obtained (102.54 ± 4.17 g/mL) against MCF‐7 cell lines. The methanol extract increased the expression of caspase mRNA and Bax mRNA levels when compared to the control experiment (p <.05). The conclusions, A. officinalis L. aerial parts extract exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Significance statement: The aerial parts of Anchusa officinalis L. were obtained and extracted with methanol.The chemical composition of aerial parts of Anchusa officinalis L. extract and its antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities were determined.The GC–MS/FID analysis showed that aerial parts of Anchusa officinalis L. extract is an excellent source of curcu hydroquinone and 2,5‐dimethyl‐5‐nitrohexanal.Aerial parts of Anchusa officinalis L. extract preferentially promoted apoptosis in MCF‐7 and HepG2 cells.The findings demonstrated that aerial parts of Anchusa officinalis L. extract have powerful cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, and minimize the risk of developing complex diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are limited in their application in food products due to their inability to withstand harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperatures and oxygen exposure. Therefore, the present study investigated the nanoencapsulation of Teucrium polium L. extract using the freeze‐drying method to facilitate its application and protection against environmental factors. In this regard, an emulsion containing Teucrium polium L. extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% and a mixture of maltodextrin/Persian gum in three ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 as the coating wall were produced and then dried in a freeze dryer. In the following, the properties of emulsions and produced nanocapsules were studied. According to the results, emulsions with high amounts of Persian gum showed more stability, zeta potential, and viscosity. However, their particle size and polydisparity index were lower than those of other emulsions. As the extract concentration increased, there was a decrease in stability, zeta potential, and viscosity, accompanied by an increase in particle size and polydispersity index. Concurrently, elevated concentrations of maltodextrin, Persian gum, and extract resulted in higher humidity, density, encapsulation efficiency, and antioxidant activity of the capsules. The most optimal properties of emulsions and nanocapsules were achieved at the 10% concentration of Teucrium polium L. extract and the 1:1 ratio of maltodextrin/Persian gum mixture as the wall material. It is noteworthy that the release rate of phenolic compounds reached its maximum value (88%) after 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was planned to provide nutrient dense carbonated beverage fortified with chamomile herbal extract that was rich in healthy nutrients and best to use. Infusion method was used to prepare chamomile herbal extract. After adding flavor and sugar syrup, carbonation was done. Different treatments were prepared (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). The antioxidant potential, physiochemical properties, and sensory attributes of beverage were assessed. Results showed that addition of chamomile enhanced the antioxidant and physiochemical properties of beverage. The DPPH activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were observed as 49.23 ± 0.03 (%), 136.92 ± 0.06 (mg GAE/L), and 1989.47 ± 0.07 (mg QE/L), respectively, among T5 with 12% of chamomile extract. Moreover, the acidity increases from T0 to T5 (0.191 ± 0.01 to 0.220 ± 0.01). Furthermore, the overall acceptability of T4 was highest among sensory attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Punica granatum peel is a significant source of polyphenolic compounds that have potential uses as drugs. This study aimed to obtain and purify polyphenolic compounds derived from pomegranate peel and to evaluate their potential anticancer activity in cell lines. Polyphenols from the pomegranate peel were extracted using hybrid ultrasound‐microwave technology. Different mass:volume ratios and water:ethanol ratios were used during extraction. Purification was performed on a chromatographic column with Amberlite XAD‐16, and unfractionated extracts and fractions extracts were obtained. The main compounds identified by HPLC belong to the ellagitannins family. The unfractionated extract from the 1:12 (m/v) and 30% ethanol condition was used to evaluate its cytotoxic effect against HeLa, HepG2, and 3T3 cell lines. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the pomegranate polyphenolic extracts (PPEs). Viability in HeLa and HepG2 cells was affected in a dose‐dependent manner by a concentration of 25 ppm of polyphenol powders. Additionally, a genotoxicity test was carried out, which showed DNA damage, indicating that the cytotoxic effect is possibly due in part to DNA damage. The use of the pomegranate peel could be a viable option for obtaining bioactive compounds that can be used as adjuvants or in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the mechanism whereby Turkish gall extracts prevent and effectively cure periodontitis. Main bioactive components were obtained from previous reports and targets were screened using TCMSP, PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, and Drugbank databases. Chronic periodontitis targets were retrieved from OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases. Intersectional targets of Turkish galls and periodontitis were obtained using Venn analysis. String databases were used to construct a protein–protein interaction network of common targets. R language was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of common targets. Molecular docking analysis confirmed Turkish gall extract effectiveness for periodontitis treatment, which was verified in vitro and inhibited MAPK1, MAPK3 and SRC expression. We predicted 759 possible target genes. Among 2059 identified periodontitis genes, 205 overlapped with those in methanolic Turkish gall extract. Key targets included JUN, tumor protein 53, MAPK1, MAPK3, STAT3, RELA, and SRC. GO analysis showed that common targets were mainly involved in processes such as oxidative stress. KEGG analysis indicated that common targets were enriched in 163 pathways. Molecular docking analysis showed that 1,2,3,6‐tetra‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose, 1,3,6‐tri‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose and 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose were strongly associated with MAPK1, MAPK3, and SRC. Turkish gall extract reduced inflammation and targets expression in vitro, providing a reference for drug development for periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at investigating the quality attributes of Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk) incorporated with bay leaf extract obtained as a natural antioxidant and a source of phytochemicals. Five different bay leaf extracts were obtained with distilled water and 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% ethanol. The total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity values indicated that ultrasound‐assisted 70% ethanol extract was the most suitable extract. Furthermore, five groups of sucuks were manufactured with the addition of bay leaf extract (1, 5, and 10 mL/kg), ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg), and control. The extracts were produced similar pH values when compared to control and ascorbic acid samples. The treatments had no significant effect on moisture contents of sucuks. Bay leaf extracts produced comparable color, texture profile analysis, and TBARS values to control and ascorbic acid samples. Biogenic amine contents (mg/kg dry weight) of sucuks including tryptamine (6.43–30.66), 2‐phenylethylamine (2.24–32.04), putrescine (2.19–7.98), cadaverine (3.28–12.21), histamine (7.01–11.38), tyramine (3.27–71.07), spermidine (4.44–8.01), and spermine (53.96–68.25) were mostly within the lower ranges typically associated with sucuk. However, the lowest cadaverine values observed at the end of storage in the bay leaf extract added samples indicated that bay leaf extract might be effective in decreasing cadaverine values during storage. The addition of bay leaf extract caused similar sensory attributes to the control and ascorbic acid samples. This study revealed that Turkish fermented sucuks could be effectively incorporated with bay leaf extracts without a negative effect on the quality attributes or consumer acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dendrobium officinale is widely used for a long time in China, with effect of antioxidation, antitumor, enhancing immunity and so on. In recent years, Dendrobium officinale has been gradually used in cosmetics due to its powerful beauty effects. Aims: Based on senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), we studied the antiaging effect of Dendrobium officinale extract (DOE) on skin. Methods: The senescent model of human skin fibroblasts was established by the induction of H2O2, and the content of SASP factors was tested after the treatment of DOE, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1). Results: It was found that after the treatment with different concentrations of DOE, the contents of IL‐6, MCP‐1 and MMP‐1 all decreased in different degrees. Conclusions: It indicated that DOE could inhibit the secretion of SASP factors and was a promising natural antiaging agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In this study, obtaining phytochemical compounds from coffee bean husk (Arabica variety) under pressurized conditions (PLE) was investigated. For this, an experimental design was applied to evaluate the efficiency of the extraction in different conditions of temperature, solvent to husk ratio, and composition of the hydroethanolic solvent, and to determine the maximum extraction conditions of total phenolic acids (TPA). The dry extract obtained under different conditions and by Soxhlet extraction was characterized. RESULTS: The conditions evaluated in the PLE showed that the composition of the hydroethanolic solvent had a greater influence on the results and the maximum extraction of TPA in the liquid extract (3.61 mg CAE 100 ghusk−1) was achieved with 50% (v/v) ethanol in solvent, 45 mL g−1 and 80 °C. Under these operational conditions, the extract obtained showed high mass yield (GY) and antioxidant activity (AA). Under pressurized conditions, synergism between operational variables and the presence of phytochemical compounds could be observed. Comparing the techniques, PLE provided a higher GY and AA, demonstrating the efficiency and selectivity of this technique in obtaining biologically active compounds. The main phenolic acids identified in the dry extract were gallic and chlorogenic, indicating an important role as an antioxidant and suggesting potential for its use. CONCLUSION: PLE is a potential method for green extraction to obtain a phytochemical extract from coffee bean husk; when associated with the recovery of compounds by obtaining the dry extract, PLE presents advantages related to storage and handling, thus representing a starting point for the development of nutraceuticals that can be easily used as ingredients or additives in the chemical industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Spirulina platensis has been known as a super food with a high nutrition and biological activity. The limited addition of S. platensis into the food is due to its unpleasant odour. S. platensis was soaked in basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves extract (BLE) to decrease the unpleasant odour and its antioxidant activities after soaking were unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ratio S. platensis with BLE on colour and sensory characteristics and to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of extracted S. platensis without and with BLE using different solvents. Spirulina platensis was soaked in BLE at a ratio of S. platensis and BLE of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 (w/v) for 15 min and then dried at 40°C for 10 h. The resultant powder was analysed for colour and sensory characteristics. The selected S. platensis with the best sensory characteristic was further extracted in water and ethanol and was compared with the S. platensis control (unsoaked in BLE). The ratio of S. platensis and BLE had a significant effect on the colour characteristics (P < 0.05). Spirulina platensis soaked in BLE at a ratio 1:4 had higher L* (35.98), a* (−6.57) and b* values (5.95) than the control. The ratio of S. platensis and BLE at 1:4 had a higher overall sensory value (4.16) than the control (2.35). The water extract of S. platensis unsoaked and soaked in BLE showed a higher TPC (1.178 and 1.667 mg GAE g−1 extract, respectively), DPPH, ABTS and metal chelating, but lower in FRAP compared with the ethanol extract. Spirulina platensis soaked in BLE which were extracted in water and ethanol had higher ORAC (63.27 and 56.33 mmol Teq g−1 extract, respectively) than the control. Spirulina platensis soaked in BLE increased its sensory value while maintaining the antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it can potentially be added in more quantities to various foods as functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Skin barrier disruption is a significant problem of the older population in an aging society. It is characterized by increased transepidermal water loss and decreased skin water content, and particulate matter (PM) is a social issue that can contribute to the exacerbation of skin inflammation. Thus, addressing this problem is urgent. Methods: Skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models were induced by two methods using acetone application or tape‐stripping. This study investigated the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties of the Siegesbeckia herba extract (SHE) on PM‐induced changes in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models. To examine changes in skin water content, inflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte differentiation markers, mouse models were treated with vehicle 100 μL, PM10 100 μL (100 μg/mL), SHE 100 μL, or PM10 100 μL (100 μg/mL) plus SHE 100 μL. Results: SHE preserved skin hydration in the skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models regardless of the presence of PM10. SHE also inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α and normalized the downregulation of keratinocyte differentiation markers against PM10 in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models. Conclusions: This study elucidated the therapeutic effects of SHE against PM10 in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global spread of invasive plant species threatens biodiversity significantly, with a particularly high presence of invasives in the Asteraceae family. This is partly due to their wide use as ornamental plants and their rapid reproduction and allelopathy. The Indian blanket flower (Gaillardia pulchella) is a native North American species widely used as an ornamental plant and has become invasive in other countries. Although it contains bioactive compounds, its allelopathic impact on other plants has been largely unexplored. We conducted in vitro tests on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) germination and early growth to assess blanket flower's allelopathy. Seeds were exposed to aqueous extracts at three different concentrations (10%, 20%, and 40%). The 40% extract significantly inhibited germination during the treatment. All three concentrations inhibited root growth, with the 40% treatment showing this effect from the second day. In contrast, the extracts promoted significantly shoot elongation. Fresh weight of seedlings was not affected by the extract, but the 10% treatment resulted in higher mass. These findings provide evidence of blanket flower's allelopathic effects, shedding light on its invasive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the DNA and BSA binding capability, anti‐fungal, metal chelation, and larvicidal activity of extracts of Azadirachta indica A Juss flower. The different extracts of A. indica was prepared by soxhlet extraction using Petroleum Ether (PE), acetone (AC), and hydroalcohol (HA) as solvents. DNA and BSA binding ability of HA extract was calculated through the UV–Visible titrimetric method. The phytochemicals present in the extract show good binding ability towards DNA and BSA. H2O2 and NO scavenging activity were evaluated and HA extracts shows good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 62 and 48 μg/mg, respectively. The metal chelating property was calculated, where HA shows good chelating ability with the IC50 value of 32.23 μg/mg. The antifungal activity of these extracts was evaluated against different fungal stains; among them, hydroalcoholic extract shows a higher zone of inhibition in all the fungal stains than Petroleum Ether and acetone extracts and acetone extracts (i.e., 50 μg/μL MIC). The potential extract (i.e., HA extract) was used to estimate the larvicidal activity of parasites. The % of mortality was evaluated through a dose‐dependent assay and it is confirmed that when concentration increases, the mortality rate increases. The correlation between metal chelating activity and total flavonoid and phenolic content was calculated and it was found that there is a good correlation (R2 –.743 and.902, respectively). These results proved that HA extract possesses biologically important phytochemicals that contribute to pharmaceutical and biological activities and could be a natural remedy for various real‐time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little or no information is available concerning online high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) antioxidants and the antibiofilm effect of Leonurus cardiaca. Five distinct extractions of methanolic, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane, and water were obtained from L. cardiaca. In the online‐HPLC‐antioxidant analysis of all examined samples, rosmarinic acid emerged as the primary antioxidant, registering concentrations ranging from 6 to 15 ppm at wavelengths of 517 and 734 nm. Notably, the water extract exhibited robust antioxidant activity In vitro. Regarding acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibition, the n‐hexane extract exhibited superior inhibition with values of 3.08 and 5.83 galanthamine equivalent, respectively. Except for the water extract, all tested extracts (at a concentration of 20 μg/mL) exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against biofilm formation, in many cases superior to 80%, and reached even 94.52% against Escherichia coli. Although less vigorous, the extracts also acted against the mature biofilm (inhibition up 76.50% against Staphylococcus aureus). They could work against the metabolism inside an immature and mature biofilm, with inhibition percentages up to 93.18% (vs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 76.50% (vs. Acinetobacter baumannii), respectively. Considering its significant antioxidants, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial activity, L. cardiaca emerges as a promising candidate for therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the development of techniques to produce detoxified biocompounds has attracted much research interest. This study reviews adsorbents for application in the purification and detoxification of biocompounds, aiming to identify the field's knowledge gaps, trends, updates and hotspots. This review focuses on the description of the types of adsorbents (activated carbon, zeolites, clays, clay minerals and biosorbents) and their activation methods (chemical and physical) for laboratory and industrial adsorption. The adsorbents that stand out are activated carbon and chitosan‐based adsorbents. Moreover, there is a research trend toward using adsorbents to purify bioactive compounds, sugars and amino acids. Finally, adsorbents underscore a growing global research interest in exploring effective treatments for removing various combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids are one of the cell components therefore it is important to be able to accurately assess them. One of the analytical techniques used to study lipid profiles is matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The present study attempted to select optimal conditions for sample preparation and MALDI MS analysis of bacterial lipidome in both positive and negative ion modes using different extraction protocols—Folch, Matyash, and Bligh & Dyer, solvents used to apply samples, and matrices such as 9‐aminoacridine (9‐AA), α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP). The obtained results allowed concluding that DHB or CHCA matrices are suitable for lipid analysis in the positive mode, and in the negative mode THAP or 9‐AA. The most appropriate protocol for extracting lipids from bacterial cells was the Bligh & Dyer method in both ionization modes. The use of the solvent TA30, which was a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water, provided on the spectra a significant number of signals from lipids in all groups analyzed, such as fatty acyls, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's choice of cosmetics is no longer just 'Follow the trend', but pays more attention to the ingredients of cosmetics, whether the ingredients of cosmetics are beneficial to people's skin health; therefore, more and more skinhealthy ingredients have been discovered and used in cosmetics. In this work, atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to provide physical information about biomolecules and living cells; it brings us a new method of high-precision physical measurement. Centella asiatica (L.) extract has the ability to promote skin wound healing, but its healing effect on damagedHaCaT cells needs to be investigated, which plays a key role in judging the effectiveness of skincare ingredients. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on ethanol-damaged human immortalised epidermal HaCaT cells based on AFM. We established a model of cellular damage and evaluated cell viability using the MTT assay. The physical changes of cell height, roughness, adhesion and Young's modulus were measured by AFM. The findings indicated that the Centella asiatica (L.) extract had a good repair effect on injured HaCaT cells, and the optimal concentration was 75 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, changes in quality parameters of rainbow trout croquettes treated with dill extracts obtained by brewing (BDA) and distillation (DDA) methods were investigated during 61 days of refrigerated storage (+2 ± 1°C). Physicochemical, microbial, and sensory parameters of the rainbow trout croquettes were analyzed once every 4 days. It was observed that the precooking process and additives influenced the nutrient composition and color change of the croquettes. Total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid values did not exceed the limit values in any group during refrigerated storage and these values were found as 23.10 ± 0.89 mg/100 g and 3.13 ± 0.08 mg MDA/kg in the control group (C), 21.00 ± 0.92 mg/100 g and 2.77 ± 0.14 mg MDA/kg in BDA group, and 21.70 ± 0.92 mg/100 g and 2.85 ± 0.07 mg MDA/kg in DDA group, respectively. Extract treatments, especially DDA, resulted in a significant reduction in the counts of total aerobic mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria in trout croquettes compared to the control group. It was determined that the sensory scores of all croquette groups decreased during storage and the acceptability scores of the C, BDA, and DDA groups reached on the 33rd, 57th, and 61st days of storage, respectively. According to the results, this work demonstrated that the dill extracts both distilled and brewed can be used as a natural additive to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of rainbow trout croquettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Decalepis hamiltonii natural flavour extract, an endemic flavour was first time used in food processing in biscuit formulation. 2‐hydroxy 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4MB), a structural isomer of vanillin is the major flavour‐attributing compound used. During the study, aqueous (6%–12%), and ethanolic (0.5%–2%) extracts, which are reported to be rich in flavour metabolites, and having antioxidan activity were used. These extracts were added at different concentrations and the physical, sensory, and biochemical properties of biscuits were evaluated along with bioactive retention. The breaking force required to break the +ve Control biscuit was 873 g force and was in the range between 916 and 988 g force for the biscuits with either of the tuber extracts. The biscuits made of ethanol extract have shown lighter colour with a low L value (61.84–58.36) compared to aqueous extract (63.67–56.87). Biscuit samples made with both aqueous and ethanol extracts showed good retention of bioactive compounds. However, the biscuit formulation with 1% ethanol extract showed good sensory (mouthfeel (8.7), flavour (8.6), and taste (8.6)) and in vitroantioxidant potential (11.6 ± 0.1 mg−1 100 g AAE) among formulations. The flavour metabolite in biscuits made of both extracts was quantified using HPLC and determined in range between 1 and 3 μg/g and compound presence is confirmed with mass spectrosocpy. With the present observations, we can infer that D. hamiltonii natural flavour extract can be used as an alternative to synthetic flavour in biscuit formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dark circles in the infraorbital area are a common cosmetic concern among individuals because they exhibit fatigue and are undesirable across all ages. Of the dark circle etiologies, blood stasis by poor‐vascular integrity can cause darkening of the lower eyelid skin, which might be alleviated by reduced endothelial permeability. In this study, we investigated the effects of Salix alba bark extract (SABE) on the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) in fibroblasts and vascular integrity protection from inflammatory cytokine. We also performed a clinical trial investigating the effect of SABE on dark circles. Methods: To confirm the effect of SABE on HA synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we performed ELISA and real‐time PCR. We investigated the interaction HDF‐secreted substance with vascular integrity, and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from HDF treated with or without SABE. Subsequently, we conducted a clinical study on 29 subjects by having them apply SABE containing cream for 8 weeks. Results: Salix alba bark extract treatment increased HA synthesis and regulated HMW–HA‐related gene expressions in HDF. CM from SABE‐treated HDF alleviated endothelial permeability and led to improved vascular integrity in HMEC‐1 cells. Treatment with the cream containing 2% SABE for 8 weeks improved the parameters measuring dark circles, skin microcirculation and elasticity. Conclusion: Our results showed that SABE could protect against dark circles in vitro, and that topical treatment of SABE improved the clinical indexes of dark circles in a clinical study. Therefore, SABE can be used as an active ingredient for improving dark circles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent on the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of toast bread, as well as phenol content and antioxidant activity. In this regard, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% of EPE were used in the bread doughs and the quality characteristics of the breads were assessed. The bread with 0.5% EPE showed the highest phenolic content (24.02 mgGAE/g.d.m) and antioxidant activity (59.03%). These amounts were 12.96 mgGAE/g and 16.45% higher than those of the control (without EPE), respectively (p <.05). The hardness, fracturability, and chewiness of the bread samples were influenced by the levels of EPE on the third and fifth days of storage. EPE decreased the L* and a* of bread samples, but an increasing trend was observed in the b*, chroma, and browning index by elevating the levels of propolis. Propolis extract showed an inhibitory effect on mold growth in samples. The bread with 0.5% of EPE had the lowest mold count after 5 days of storage which was not significant compared to the first day. There was no significant difference in sensory evaluation between the overall acceptance of bread samples. Therefore, EPE has the potential to be used as a natural additive with antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics in toast bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long‐term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A combination of enzymes and ultrasound treatment was employed to extract bioactive compounds from cashew nut testa, a by‐product of the food industry. The total catechin, flavonoid, and phenolic content of extracts was investigated together with their biological activity. RESULTS: Enzyme and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (E‐UAE) was performed by incubation with Viscozyme L (20 mL kg−1 of testa powder, v/w) for 60 min before sonication for 40 min. Ultrasound and enzyme‐assisted extraction (U‐EAE) was carried out using sonication for 40 min before incubation with Viscozyme L (20 mL kg−1 of testa powder) for 60 min. Under appropriate conditions, the total phenolic, flavonoid, catechin, and epigallocatechin gallate content of the extracts from cashew nut testa obtained from a combination method (U‐EAE or E‐UAE) was significantly higher than that obtained using a single method (EAE or UAE). Extracts of cashew nut testa obtained from E‐UAE displayed significantly higher antioxidant and α‐amylase inhibitory activity than those from the U‐EAE. The E‐UAE extract at a concentration of 100 μg mL−1 had a greater impact on the cell viability of MCF‐7 after treatment (22% cell viability) than did the doxorubicin (DOX) at 4 μg mL−1 (39% cell viability), and the E‐UAE extract at 100 μg mL−1 was considered to be safe for healthy cells because the viability of the bovine aerotic endothelial cells treated with this extract was 91%, which was similar to the DOX treatment. CONCLUSION: The extract of cashew nut testa obtained from E‐UAE is valuable and promising for the development of anti‐inflammatory therapeutic drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The aim of this research was to produce a lyophilised water and ethanol extract from Fuscoporia torulosa mushroom, to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the extracts and in industrial conditions to produce a new, functional product – Bio Soups, enriched with lyophilised extracts derived from fruiting body of F. torulosa mushroom, at the same time without use of synthetic additives. The application of the lyophilised extracts in the industrial production of dehydrated soups showed positive results. Such soups are characterised with higher (P < 0.05) antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, compared to conventional soups, while it has been proven constant biological potential and stability up to the 90th day of production. This is the first dehydrated soup enriched with lyophilised extract of medicinal mushroom, since its production does not require special conditions, and it possesses exceptional functional properties, this product could have a many times greater market potential compared to conventional soups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Modern research has demonstrated that Sanghuangporus vaninii (S. vaninii) has significant therapeutic value, and phenolic compounds are one of its most active ingredients. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to extract the phenolic components from S. vaninii using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were obtained with a water content of 20%, a material‐to‐liquid ratio of 1:60 g mL−1, an extraction temperature of 70°C and an extraction time of 34 min. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content reached 9.71 ± 0.69 mg g−1, which was higher than the conventional method (4.23 ± 0.44 mg g−1). The phenolic extract was then purified by HPD‐100, and the purified phenolic extracts exhibited distinct antioxidant, antibacterial and hypoglycaemic activities. Twenty‐five phenolic compounds were identified using UPLC‐Triple‐TOF‐MS/MS. These data implied that the integrated action of the identified phenolic compounds had a decisive influence on the biological activity of the extracts, and this study furnished the basis for the utilisation of S. vaninii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiproliferative activity of Achillea vermicularis extracts was calculated on glial (C6) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines using XTT assay. It was observed that all extracts of A. vermicularis at the determined concentration were not cytotoxic in HaCaT cell lines. The nanoparticles (NPs) of the extract with the best cytotoxic activity was prepared, and necessary characterization studies were performed. Results showed that NP containing the extract has a lower IC50 value and more cytotoxic activity in C6 cells compared to the only extract. Furthermore, the antiepileptic potentials of these substances were explored in this study. The effect of A. vermicularis extracts on the enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and hCA II) was measured using spectrophotometry to achieve this goal. A. vermicularis extracts demonstrated high inhibitory activities compared to standard inhibitor (acetazolamide, AAZ), with IC50 values in the range of 5.04–10.8 μg/ml for hCA I, and 5.40–9.22 μg/ml for hCA II. High‐performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) was used in this investigation to assess the main chemicals found in the extract and NPs. The results showed that the ethanol extract (157.636 μg/mg extract) and NPs (4.631 μg/mg extract) had a significant amount of the 8‐hydroxy salvigenin component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commiphora gileadensis (C. gileadensis) has been identified and linked with various health benefits and pharmaceutical potential for its phytochemical activities and chemical constituents. This study aimed to evaluate ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (USE) technique for total phenols content from C. gileadensis leaf compared to the hydrodistillation extraction (HDE). Our results showed that the USE operating conditions were identified as: MeOH·H2O solvent‐to‐fresh sample ratio of 80:20 (v/v); ultrasonic power/frequency at 150 W/20 kHz; and a temperature of 40 ± 1°C; subjected to acoustic waves intermittently for a calculated time (5 min) during the total programmed time of 12 min. The USE exhibited (118.71 ± 0.009 mg GAE/g DM) more amounts of all phenols than HDE (101.47 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g DM), and antioxidant (77.78 ± 0.73%, 75.27 ± 0.59% scavenging inhibition of DPPH), respectively. Anti‐aging and Cytotoxicity activities were investigated. The results of biological evaluations showed that the crude extracts of C. gileadensis significantly extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line showed significant anticancer activity, and approximately 100 μg/mL is required to decrease viability compared with that of the control. This study is proven for a larger scale to extract and isolate compounds of C. gileadensis for potential utilization in the pharmaceutical industry. In conclusion, advanced methods afford an extract with high activity in the biological properties of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to optimize a nonthermal (NT) ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction (aq‐UAE) to maximize the recovery of polyphenols, betaxanthins, and betacyanins. Extraction yields, thermal profiles and microbiological quality of the extract were compared with a previoulsy optimized thermal aq‐UAE. Extraction yields resulted 68%–121% higher in NT‐aqUAE. Polyphenols and betaxanthins were the most affected by high temperatures of thermal process showing decreses after 8 min of thermosonication at temperatures >50°C. Temperature during NT‐aqUAE waslower than 30ºC avoiding the detrimental effects of heat. Microbial counts decreased 2‐log cycles after thermosonication and the remaining microbial load did not resist the storage conditions. Conversely, no significant decreases were detected after NTaq‐UAE. However, sublethal damage was observed as microbial counts presented a higher lag phase than control during refrigerated storage. Although NTaq‐UAE process allows for higher phytochemical extraction yields than thermal aq‐UAE, it does not contribute to controlling the microbial load of extracts. Practical application: Nonthermal ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction of bioactive compounds from beet leaves was optimized in this work. This process improved the extraction yield of polyphenols and betalains compared with the thermal counterpart as thermolabile compounds degradation was avoided with the limitation on thermal increments. The developed process resulted simple and reasonably efficient for producing extracts rich in polyphenols and betalain pigments that hold potential to be used as natural additives. Additionally, evaluation of microbiological quality of extracts obtained by thermal and nonthermal optimized UAE processes allow to establish that thermal aq‐UAE improved microbiological quality and stability of extracts while nonthermal one would require an additional treatment of the extract to improve its microbiological quality. Developed processes are effective postharvest strategies to the valorisation of horticultural by products such as beet leaves and increase biomass utilization improving the sustainability of the agri‐food chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a comparative study using aqueous extracts of dandelion flowers and blueberry fruits to synthesize gold‐ (Au) and silver‐ (Ag) nanostructures (NSs). The blueberry extracts gave nanowire and spherical AuNSs upon changing the ratio of the extracts to Au3+precursor while altering the ratio for the dandelion extracts resulted in formation of only anisotropic AuNSs. Similar results were obtained during the AgNSs, where the dandelion extracts resulted in formation of quasi‐spherical AgNSs at the tested ratio (extract/AgNO3 ratio) while altering the ratio for the blueberry extracts resulted in nanorod and nanoplates formation. We argued that this could be from dominancy of a lone compound or a group of compounds and tested this claim by introducing chrysin and amino acid mixtures to the blueberry extracts. Altering the added chrysin amount triggered nanoplate and spherical AuNSs formation while alteration in amino acid mixture content did not change the morphology, and spherical AuNSs were obtained. The antibacterial studies revealed the AgNSs are toxic to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 8 μg/mL MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) and 3 μg/mL values for the blueberry and dandelion extracts synthesized AgNSs while penicillin/streptomycin sulfate mixture carrying Dandelion‐AuNSs gave 12‐times lower MBC value in comparison to free penicillin/streptomycin sulfate mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butter is a valuable dairy product, and its sensory attributes can be changed due to oxidative rancidity and microbial contamination. This study investigated the effect of Ferulago angulata extract nanoemulsion (FAEN) on butter properties alone or in combination with postbiotic metabolites produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (PMLP) into the butter in the free form or spray‐dried encapsulated. The combination of the encapsulated form of FAEN and PMLP in butter indicated that it is capable of controlling peroxide and acidity values and increases the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities consequently leading to the increased shelf life of butter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential as a depigmenting agent, sun protection, and healthy benefits is indicated by the sun protection factor, radical scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Alpinia galanga (wild). Aims: A stable emulgel containing A.galanga (wild) extract is prepared. This emulgel is then characterized by in vitro evaluation and identification of contents by LC‐ESI‐MS2. In vivo performance is counted in terms of moisturizing, melanin level, erythema, sebum, skin fine pores and large pores analysis, and other related physiological skin parameters. Methods: DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid counts were used to measure the free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory capability of A.galanga (wild) extract, respectively. LC‐ESI‐MS2 used for phytochemical analysis. Emulgels synthesize, and their globule size, Ultracentrifugation, pH, and conductivity were all evaluated. Among the developed formulations, the optimal emulgels formulation underwent 90‐day stability tests for organoleptic characteristics and rheology at 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C + 75% RH (relative humidity). Using sebumeter®, mexameter®, and corneometer®, changes in skin physiological parameters were assessed over the course of 12 weeks in 13 healthy male, Asian volunteers. VisioFace® is used for computational analysis of high‐resolution pictures to determine the % area, fine pore counts, and large pore counts of the skin. Results: The antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory potential and counts of total phenolic and flavonoids of A.galanga (wild) extract were impressive (85%, 75%, and 48.0 mg GAE/g and 14.37 mg quercetin/g, respectively). In terms of stability evaluation, globule size (0.7528 ± 0.192 μm). Optimized A.galanga (wild) ethanol aqueous (AGEA) extract loaded emulgel was stable in terms of organoleptic and in vitro evaluation. The AGEA formulation significantly reduced the amount of sebum, erythema, fine pore counts, large pore counts, fine pore % area and large pores area percentage while significantly improved the moisture and elasticity of the skin. Conclusion: A stable A.galanga (wild) extract loaded emulgel was successfully produced that improved the skin physiological parameters in terms of skin's sebum, erythema, moisturizing, melanin, and pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the anti‐parasite, anti‐oxidant activities, cytotoxicity and chemical contents of Rhynchosia memnonia var. memnonia and Sonchus oleraceus aerial parts. The study showed the efficacy of the ethanolic extracts of R. memnonia var. memnonia and S. oleraceus against Giardia lamblia. R. memnonia var. memnonia was a high effect of (76 %) at a concentration of 500 ppm after 72 h, while the highest result of the crude extract of S. oleraceus was (86 %) at the same concentration after 72 h. The antioxidant activity of S. oleraceus ethanolic crude extract showed high activity (72 %). At the same time, the ethanolic extract of R. memnoniavar. memnonia showed weak activity (36 %). This was done using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of cytotoxicity testing revealed that the ethanolic extract of R. memnonia var. memnonia is highly toxic, while the toxicity was slight for the ethanolic extract of S. oleraceus used to brine shrimp. In addition, the cytotoxicity (MTT‐assay) of these plants′ ethanolic extracts against the normal Vero cell line verified the safety of the examined extracts with an IC50 less than 100 μg/ml. In order to detect the constituents of crude extracts, GC‐MS was used. The analysis revealed the presence of 22 compounds in the ethanolic extract of R. memnonia var. memnonia and eleven compounds in the S. oleraceus crude extract. From R. memnonia var. memnonia and S. oleraceus, the main compounds detected were n‐Hexadecadnoic acid and Lup‐20(29)‐en‐3b‐ol, respectively. Also, many other compounds were identified at low area percent from these extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Plants have important chemical compounds to protect organisms from many mutagens but they may also have dangerous toxic substances that must be tested before use. Lallemantia iberica has been used by local people for treatment of some diseases but it was never tested for its cell protective and antimutagenic/antirecombinogenic properties. In this study, it was aimed to determine the cytoprotective, antimutagenic/antirecombinogenic, antibacterial, antioxidant and phenolic profile of L. iberica by MTS assay, micronucleus test/somatic mutation recombination test (SMART), disc diffusion method, ABTS/DPPH tests and liquid chromatography (LC), respectively. RESULTS: MTS assay results showed that both of the extracts supported the normal growth of healthy human lymphocytes and there was no significant difference between extracts. Although there was no significant increase in micronucleus concentration (‰) of the cultures treated with ethanol or methanol extracts, methanol extract caused slightly lower micronucleus concentration (12.64 ± 3.65‰) than the ethanol extract (24.46 ± 4.50‰). SMART results showed that ethanol and methanol extracts prevented harmful mitotic recombination. Lallemantia iberica also showed antibacterial activity against all of the strains tested, and the largest inhibition zones were observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.9 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (13.8 mm). Methanol extracts showed better antioxidant activities (ABTS IC50: 104.07 μg mL−1, DPPH IC50: 58.8 μg mL−1) than ethanol extracts (ABTS IC50: 344.03 μg mL−1, DPPH IC50: 233.7 μg mL−1). According to the LC results, the most abundant phenolic compounds were rutin hydrate (1796.4 ± 62.9 mg kg−1) and p‐coumaric acid (228.1 ± 7.60 mg kg−1). CONCLUSION: Lallemantia iberica extracts had cell‐protective, antimutagenic/antirecombinogenic, antibacterial and strong antioxidant characteristics in relation to their rich phenolic content. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Wheat bran extracts (WBE, mainly composed of feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs)) have been approved by FDA in GRAS Notice. WBE was utilised in octenyl succinate anhydride‐modified starch (OSA‐starch)‐based microcapsules as wall materials to protect β‐carotene (BC) from oxygen. The storage retention and antioxidant indexes in vivo and in vitro of microcapsules were determined. The results showed that these characteristics were positively related to the proportion of WBE in the wall material. The in vivo antioxidant indexes in mouse serum and liver were positively regulated at gavage dose around content in wheat grain (normal dose), while at a higher dosage, the in vivo free oxidative stress fell into disorder. The results indicated that WBE was a good component of wall material, which can improve the antioxidant environment during both storage and consumption. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the industrial application of WBE in the field of microcapsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigates the effect of microwave (MW), Ohmic heating (OH), and ultrasound (US) pre‐treatments on the extraction of bioactive compounds and the drying kinetics of ginger using a vacuum‐assisted conductive drying system. The US pre‐treatment produced acoustic cavitation, and microstreaming in ginger slices which enhanced the total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (i.e., 14.83 ± 0.03 mg GAE/ml and 57.37 ± 0.00%) in obtained aqueous ginger extract (AGE). Similarly, OH pre‐treatment improved the total flavonoids content (i.e., 8.99 ± 0.01 mg QE/ml) of the acquired AGE. The pre‐treatments modified the surface of ginger which eventually led to better moisture diffusivity ratio of 2.58E−08 and 2.01E−08. Furthermore, the GCMS analysis of OH pretreated AGE reported more bioactive compounds compared to MW, US, and control. The major bioactive compounds reported were linalool, neral, geraniol, endo‐borneol, and 2,4 di‐tert‐butyl‐phenol which possess several therapeutic benefits. Thus, the US and OH pre‐treatments effectively enhanced the drying and extraction of bioactive compounds from ginger. Further studies are warranted on the obtained extract to understand its maximum potential for application in food and pharmaceutical industry. Practical applications: The ginger extract collected while drying can be used as a flavoring agent or can be incorporated into drinks to enrich the bioactive compounds. The GCMS results indicate that volatile compounds entrapped in the condensate collected contains bioactive components with antioxidant properties. These bioactive compounds can be further studied for their potential health benefits in humans. Thus, this condensate obtained using vacuum‐assisted conductive drying system helps in utilizing the nutrients that are lost and goes unutilized during drying in many industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was investigated to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of water lily extracts and their effects on the quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during frozen storage (−18 ± 1°C). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of water lily extracts, and chemical, microbiological, and sensory qualities of fish fillets were assessed. Results showed that the highest total phenolic content (34.07 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (32.67 mg QE/g extract) were found in the ethanolic extract and the lowest in water extract of water lily. The ethanolic extracts of water lily also exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities and antimicrobial activities than other hydroethanolic and water extracts. The water lily extracts‐treated fish fillets showed the highest potentiality in lowering the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the untreated fillets throughout the storage period. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of water lily exhibited comparatively higher efficacy in inhibiting bacterial growth in fish fillets than other extracts‐treated fillets. The ethanolic extracts‐treated fillets also showed better sensory attributes than hydroethanolic and control fillets. Therefore, ethanolic extract of water lily can be used as a natural preservative in enhancing the quality and prolonging the shelf life of Nile tilapia fillets during frozen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Iranian Allium sativum controversum extracts, as a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, extracted by solvents were analyzed. Based on the analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) and radical scavenging activity (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) of each extract, ethanol extracts were finally added to the sausage formulation at 0.5 and 1.5%w/v. Treatments were kept at refrigerated temperature (4–5°C) for 1, 15, and 30 days, and DPPH and microbial assays were performed on the treatments and the control samples. Experimental data were performed in a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement. Hydroalcoholic extract had the highest total phenols and the aqueous extract of Allium sativum controversum showed the highest radical scavenging activity (11.85 ± 0.81 mg/g). No colony counts were observed on the first day of the coliform count. On 15 to 30 days, the control sample showed the highest count and the treatment containing Allium sativum controversum extract (1.5%) had the lowest coliform count. During the first month, the control sample had the highest count of Staphylococcus aureus. Regarding mold and yeast, a treatment containing Allium sativum controversum extract (1.5%) and the control sample had the lowest and highest count, respectively. The results showed that using Allium sativum controversum extracts and increased radical scavenging activity reduced microbial growth during the storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr. Xiaojie Luo, Dr. Siqin Zha, Dr. Xu Su, Dr. Yue Wang, Dr. Miao Zhang, Prof. Xiaotao Chen, "Molecular Basis of the Curative Effects of Turkish Gall Extracts on Periodontitis", ChemistrySelect2024, 9, e202304459.https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202304459Due to a technical error, this paper was published without the author names and affiliations. The missing information was added on November 4, 2024.We apologize for this error. [Extracted from the article]

Acorn shell residue is valorized for the efficient obtention of antioxidant extracts by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and applied in the development of biopolymer‐based films, studying its influence in different matrices for the subsequent preparation of emitting sachets for active food packaging. The effect of increasing extract addition on the physical, mechanical, optical, and antioxidant properties of biopolymer films is studied. It is observed that the water resistance increases with increasing amounts of extract in PVA films and from 5% extract in chitosan films. Furthermore, 3% extract in both types of matrices increases the UV‐light blocking capacity (up to 97%). Considering the mechanical performance, not weakening of the structure is observed because of the extract addition. Films possess radical scavenging activity against DPPH with the incremental amounts of extract. Moreover, acorn shell extract as active additive in biopolymer‐based sachets demonstrates an effective delay of soybean oil oxidation during 10 days of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to prepare functional formulations using two different types of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels extracts (the native and the enriched extract), as an important source of polyphenolic compounds such as punicalagin and ellagic acid. These two extracts were microencapsulated by a spray‐drying technique. Polyphenol constituents of P. granatum play a significant role in the prevention of different diseases from cancer to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In general, polyphenols are sensitive and present low bioavailability in the human body. Microencapsulation could be a perfect alternative to modify the reactivity, durability, sensitivity, and photosensitivity of these natural compounds. Arabic gum, pectin, and modified chitosan were used as biopolymers‐based carriers in this research. The mean size of the microparticles prepared is between 2.55–6.86 μm (volume distribution). Release studies were implemented. The fastest release was observed for Arabic gum‐based carriers. The pectin‐based microparticles showed the slowest release profile. The Korsmeyer‐Peppas model was adjusted to the experimental release profiles. In addition, some anticancer activity studies were performed. When incubated with the human gastric cancer cell line AGS and human lung cancer cell line A549, both extracts elicited some loss of cancer cell viability, which increased in the case of the enriched extract. The bioactive pomegranate extracts microencapsulated seem to be a valid strategy to enhance their biological activity. A final powder formulation was obtained, which can improve the bioavailability and stability of these active constituents and overcome their limitations of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With a view to its potential application as a food antioxidant, this study evaluated the impact of storage conditions (ReTD: darkness, 4 °C; RoTD: darkness, 25 °C; RoTL: light, 25 °C) on the composition and antioxidant activity of a peanut skin phenolic‐based extract (PSE). Results showed that the composition and several selected antioxidant capacities of PSE were preserved when stored in ReTD. Under these conditions, most of the identified compounds did not show significant losses in concentration at the final storage time (12 months). When tested in a highly unsaturated lipid system, this extract also showed the same antioxidant efficacy as the original extract (t0). Meanwhile, reducing power and radical scavenging activities of PSE stored in darkness were virtually retained; irrespective of the temperature condition, the parameters analysed remained almost constant over all the storage time. Overall, the results highlight the importance of the dark condition as a key factor for the PSE's composition and antioxidant activity preservation. In conclusion, the research findings suggest simple and low‐cost conditions that guarantee the conservation of the PSE composition and the continuity of its antioxidant properties during prolonged storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: For centuries, natural products isolated from animals, plants and microbes have been the centre of attention for the world's scientific community for their role in eradicating and reducing many diseases. The present research work is also performed on the crude gill extract of Tor putitora named TPG‐Ex to analyse its various functional and bioactive properties. A total of five different biological assays were performed. Two assays performed were the free radical scavenging assays having other free radical generators such as DPPH and H2O2. Different concentrations of extract were used in both assays. The maximum scavenging ability in the Antioxidant DPPH assay was 59.42% at 50 μL. In the H2O2 radical scavenging assay, the maximum scavenging ability of TPG‐Ex recorded was 55.46% at a concentration of 50 μL. The antiangiogenic potential of the TPG‐Ex CAM assay was assessed, which also showed maximum inhibition of neovascularisation at a concentration of 80 μL. The antidiabetic potential of TPG‐Ex was also revealed after processing the extract through glucose uptake by yeast cells assay and glucose adsorption assay. TPG‐Ex indicated maximum glucose uptake at a concentration of 20 μg of 56.61%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disperse dyes (DDs) are the most prevalent causes of textile‐related allergic contact dermatitis and are used for colouring synthetic textile materials based on fibres such as polyester, acrylic, acetate and polyamide. Eight DDs are included in a textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% petrolatum (pet.) in the European baseline patch test series. Objectives: The aim of this study was to patch test TDM 6.6% pet. positive individuals with the extracts of synthetic fibre clothes that do not contain any of the pure DDs present in the TDM 6.6% to study the reactivity pattern. Methods: Seventy‐three TDM‐positive former patients tested between 2012 and 2017 at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmö, Sweden were invited to join the study, 10 participated. Twenty‐four textile items (collected in nine countries in Europe, Asia and North America in 2012) were extracted in dichloromethane. The TDM 6.6% was patch tested simultaneously with the 24 textile item preparations in petrolatum made from the extracts. Prior to patch testing the participants filled the 7‐question questionnaire regarding possible symptoms from textile exposure. Results: Ten individuals, agreed to join the study. Eight of them reacted to TDM 6.6%. Nine participants reacted to 20 of 24 extracts. One reacted to 19 extracts, another to 14, 3 to 5 extracts, 1 to 4, 1 to 3 extracts and 2 to 2 extracts. One was negative to all tested preparations including TDM 6.6%. The participants mainly reacted to six textile extracts. All controls tested negatively to tested extracts. Four individuals of the 10 TDM‐allergic individuals previously had had problems after wearing clothes. Four out of the 10 participants had had atopic eczema in childhood. All women had dyed their hair with permanent hair dyes but none of the males. Conclusion: TDM‐positive patients react to textile extracts made from synthetic garments, even if they do not contain any of the pure DDs present in TDM 6.6%. More studies are needed to pin‐point the culprit haptens in these extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wild apple fruit is rich source of bioactive substances, which can be potentially used for a production of dermocosmetic products. Aim: The aim of study was in vitro and in vivo investigation of standardized wild apple fruit extracts (obtained by purified water and maceration‐EM, percolation‐EP, Soxhlet extraction‐ES and ultrasonic extraction‐EU) and dermocosmetic creams of o/w type containing 6%, 12%, and 15% of extract EU, as extract with the best content of polyphenolic compounds (CE6, CE12, and CE15, respectively), in order to determine the optimal concentration of the extract, which manifests the best effect on the biophysical characteristics of the skin after application. Methods: Content of polyphenolic substances‐PP was investigated using HPLC analysis, while in vitro biological activity was examined on L929 fibroblasts using MTT viability test. In vivo efficacy included screening and comparison of skin hydration potential, transepidermal water loss‐TEWL, and skin pH after 28 days of creams application on healthy volunteers' skin. Results: Content of identified PP was the highest in the extract EU (2001.57 ± 0.87 mg PP/100 g EU) and satisfactory in cream CE6 (53.83 ± 0.23 mg PP/100 g CE6). Procyanidin B2 was the most common PP. Biological activity analysis showed that extract EU could be considered as non‐cytotoxic for fibroblasts in examined concentrations. In vivo investigation revealed an increase of skin hydration (after 28 days ΔEC was 21.19 ± 7.59, 26.71 ± 7.94, and 29.60 ± 10.95 for CE6, CE12, and CE15, respectively), with unchanged TEWL and skin pH values. Conclusion: Obtained results indicate that wild apple fruit extract represents a valuable source of bioactive substances, with good hydration effects of creams on human skin (effect of creams increased proportionally to the increase of concentration of incorporated extract), so it might be considered as a great potential for application in dermocosmetic industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study investigated the antioxidant properties of pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZL) extract as a natural oxidative agent against lipid and protein oxidation during larou processing. The phenolic profile of the ZL extract was assessed by HPLC and the ZL extract exhibited high 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) (0.46 ± 0.07 mg mL−1) and 2,‐2′‐azino‐di‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid (ABTS) (0.38 ± 0.04 mg mL−1) radical scavenging activity. The lipid and protein oxidation of larou was evaluated during the whole process with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% ZL extracts. Results showed that larou incorporation with ZL extracts significantly delayed the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and peroxide values (POV), and carbonyls (P < 0.05). In contrast, the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity were decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that the deceleration of sulfhydryl and protein solubility loss was observed in a concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Moreover, owing to the inhibitory effect of ZL extracts on lipid and protein oxidation, the sensory qualities of larou were improved during processing with increasing concentrations of ZL extract. These results suggested that ZL extract has huge prospects for application in dry‐cured meat processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethersulfone (PES) is a widely used polymer in consumer and technical products. An important application is PES membranes used in the biopharmaceutical industry for sterilizing‐grade filtration and for filtration of food and beverages. For both uses, detailed information about migrating compounds that can be extracted from the polymeric material into a liquid must be gathered. In the pharmaceutical industry, comprehensive extractables studies are required for contact materials, and the data is used in the qualification of the process equipment. PES is generated via polycondensation, which forms cyclic oligomers as a by‐product of the reaction. However, no structural information is available for these cyclic oligomers so far. In this publication, we present the analytical determination of PES cyclic oligomers. Their presence in extracts of PES membrane filters is confirmed. The structure of the PES cyclic trimer is elucidated by X‐ray and NMR investigation, obtained as crystals from the sublimation of the PES raw material. A strategy is shown to assess the toxicity of such cyclic oligomers and to derive a permitted daily exposure (PDE). The data will reduce the levels of unknowns in extractables and leachables screenings and supports the risk assessment of PES sterile filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study focused on the analysis of the volatiles present in rice extracts (Oryza sativa L.) produced under various extraction conditions (i.e. the range of temperature was 50, 60 and 70 °C, and particle size was whole, 355, and 710 μm) The main volatiles identified were ethyl palmitate, benzenemethanol, nonanal, hexanal and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol. The highest levels of flavour compounds extracted from rice cultivated in Icheon and Cheorwon were recorded at an extraction temperature of 70 and 60 °C, respectively, and at a rice particle size of 355 μm. Non‐volatile rice extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The antioxidant activity of Icheon rice extracts at a concentration of 2000 ppm was found to be 84.33 and 84.39% in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Onion skins are agricultural by‐products that contain high levels of antioxidants, including quercetin and protocatechuic acid. The solubility of extracts can affect their antioxidant capacity in food oil matrices. The antioxidative properties of onion skin extracts with different polarity were compared and the chemical profiles of the extracts were identified by GC‐MS. Highly lipophilic, moderately hydrophilic and highly hydrophilic onion skin extracts (HLE, MHE and HHE, respectively) were prepared and their antioxidant properties were tested using in vitro assays and bulk oil or oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. The most abundant phenolic compounds in the onion skin extracts were quercetin and protocatechuic acid. The lipophilicity levels of HLE, MHE and HHE were 0.674, 0.394 and −1.225, respectively. HLE showed higher antioxidant capacity in bulk oil and O/W emulsion matrices compared to MHE and HHE. The antioxidant capacity of HLE was higher in the O/W emulsion than in the bulk oil system. Therefore, highly lipophilic onion skin extracts can be used as effective natural antioxidants in oil matrices, especially O/W emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of citrus extract on growth, carcass and meat quality of Duroc × Landrace × Large White pigs. One hundred and eight pigs (54 barrows, 54 females) were assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 138 days. The dietary treatments were (1) basic diet; (2) basic diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; and (3) basic diet supplemented with citrus extract (0.25 ml/kg during 56–112 days of age and 0.20 ml/kg during 113–194 days of age). No significant differences among treatments were found for growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and free amino acids (p > 0.05). Feeding citrus extract tended to increase intramuscular fat (p = 0.052). Citrus extract and chlortetracycline increased C15:0 concentration (p = 0.016) and superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.004). The pigs that received chlortetracycline exhibited the lowest (p = 0.033) muscle malondialdehyde concentration. Overall, citrus extract ameliorated some meat quality indicators without adverse effects on pig growth or carcass performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]