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Quercetin has shown potential antihypertensive‐like activities in several studies. The present study aimed to test the effect of quercetin supplementation on kidney damage and long‐term prognosis in hypertensive patients. The data of enrolled hypertensive patients were acquired from the NHANES dataset. The flavanol intake data was extracted from the FNDDS flavonoid database. Information regarding mortality was extracted from the NCHS. A total of 5801 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Preliminary analysis found that the total flavanols intake dosage was the independent influence factor of the kidney damage prevalence in hypertension, and it was found that only the quercetin supplementation was the protective factor for kidney damage after stratification analysis. For every 10 mg/d increase in quercetin intake, the kidney damage prevalence decreased by 8% [OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, p = 0.032]. The comprehensive analysis results suggested that hypertensive patients in the quercetin‐high group had a lower kidney damage prevalence and a higher survival probability than those in the quercetin‐low group. The urine microalbumin of hypertensive patients in the quercetin‐high group was significantly lower than that of hypertensive patients in the quercetin‐low group. In addition, at a median follow‐up time of 122 months, the mortality decreased by 9% [HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99, p = 0.031] for every 10 mg/d increase in quercetin intake. The findings suggested that high quercetin intake was associated with low kidney damage prevalence and high survival probability. Based on the existing evidence, promoting quercetin supplementation as a supplementary treatment for hypertensive patients was warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread Cenozoic alkaline magmatism within and around the Tibetan Plateau offers a prime opportunity to probe the nature of the mantle at the depths where basalt magmas originate. The close temporal and spatial relationship between volcanism and regional strike‐slip fault systems also helps better understand the geodynamics of outward growth of the plateau in response to the continued India‐Asia convergence. We present a comprehensive study of the deeply sourced alkaline basalts formed along the Kunlun strike‐slip fault with the aim of understanding their petrogenesis and the composition of mantle sources beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. High Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios and relatively depleted bulk‐rock Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope compositions corroborate the mantle origin of these alkaline basalts. Homogeneous and low 87Sr/86Sr of clinopyroxene indicates negligible crustal contamination during magmatic evolution. Low δ26Mg in the alkaline basalts and positive correlations with Hf/Sm and Ti/Ti* indicate that the basalts were derived from mantle that was metasomatized by melts derived from sedimentary carbonates during the Paleo‐Tethyan seafloor subduction. Based on 40Ar/39Ar dating results, it appears that the alkaline basaltic magmatism in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau occurred simultaneously with Kunlun strike‐slip faulting. These observations suggest that the India‐Asia convergence must have reactivated ancient subduction plate boundaries and resulted in strike‐slip faulting along these suture zones within and around the Tibetan Plateau. The eruption of low‐volume and deeply rooted alkaline basalts may have been controlled by fractures associated with the strike‐slip fault systems. Plain Language Summary: Small volcanoes that erupted basalt lava with alkaline compositions about 11.5 million years old occur along the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and are close to a major fault system, the Kunlun Fault. Based on their chemical compositions, these basalts were melted from the upper mantle and provide information on the composition of the mantle beneath the plateau. Our chemical, geochronological, and isotopic analyses of the lava indicate that the sub‐plateau mantle was indeed affected by ancient oceanic slab subduction, including subduction of seafloor sediments that resulted in the addition of carbonate‐rich melts to the sub‐plateau mantle, making the mantle more susceptible to melting and more likely to produce alkaline basalt when it did melt. The age of the basalt lava overlaps the age of movement along the Kunlun fault, which suggests that the magma may have been produced from the same tectonic movements that produced the fault and risen through the crust along fractures associated with the fault. Key Points: The light Mg isotopes of the studied alkaline basalts highlight the occurrence of mantle carbonatite metasomatism via Paleo‐Tethyan oceanic slab subductionAlkaline basalts in northeastern Tibetan Plateau erupted coevally with Kunlun strike‐slip faulting that gave rise to mantle upwelling and decompression meltingLithospheric extrusion induced by India‐Asia collision reactivated pre‐existing lithospheric weakness and triggered mantle melting beneath the NE and SE plateau [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Most of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients experienced the symptom of severe headache caused by intracranial hypertension. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel protein. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Piezo1 on neurons in response to intracranial hypertension. Methods: The SAH rat model was performed by the modified endovascular perforation method. Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4 was administered intraperitoneally after SAH induction. To investigate the underlying mechanism, the selective Piezo1 agonist Yoda1, Piezo1 shRNA, and MY‐875 were administered via intracerebroventricular injection before SAH induction. In vitro, we designed a pressurizing device to exclusively explore the effect of Piezo1 activation on primary neurons. Neurons were pretreated with Piezo1 inhibition followed by intracranial hypertension treatment, and then apoptosis‐related proteins were detected. Results: Piezo1 inhibition significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis and improved the outcome of neurological deficits in rats after SAH. The Hippo pathway agonist MY‐875 reversed the anti‐apoptotic effects of Piezo1 knockdown. In vitro, intracranial hypertension mimicked by the pressurizing device induced Piezo1 expression, resulting in Hippo pathway activation and neuronal apoptosis. The Hippo pathway inhibitor Xmu‐mp‐1 attenuated Yoda1‐induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, the combination of hypertension and oxyhemoglobin treatment exacerbated neuronal apoptosis. Conclusions: Intracranial hypertension induced Piezo1 expression, neuronal apoptosis, and the Hippo pathway activation; the Hippo signaling pathway is involved in Piezo1 activation‐induced neuronal apoptosis in respond to intracranial hypertension. Primary neurons treated with intracranial hypertension and oxyhemoglobin together can better characterize the circumstance of SAH in vivo, which is contributed to construct an ideal in vitro SAH model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, five compositions in the BaO–MgO–SiO2 ternary system were chosen, and ceramics were prepared using the solid‐state reaction method. Single phases were formed easily for the first four compositions, and BaMgSi3O8 ceramics were found to be a mixture of both BaSi2O5 and MgSiO3, according to X‐ray diffraction results. Among all the compositions, Ba2MgSi2O7 ceramic sintered at 1225°C possesses the highest Qf (Q = 1/dielectric loss = 1/tanδ, f = resonant frequency) value ∼55 010 GHz along with relative permittivity ∼8.0 and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) ∼−57.5 ppm/°C. With 3 wt.% BCB (BaO–B2O3–CuO) additions, Ba2MgSi2O7 ceramic was well densified at 950°C with a relative permittivity ∼8.1, Qf value ∼28 920 GHz (at 12.37 GHz) and TCF value ∼‒56.6 ppm/°C. These series ceramics with low relative permittivity values might be good candidates for low‐temperature co‐fire ceramic technology substrate applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and weak interfacial adhesion of fabric and resin matrix seriously affect the tribological performance of fabric‐reinforcement resin composites. Tannic acid (TA), a plant‐derived compound, which is similar to mussel‐inspired polydopamine, can adhere to various substrates under a weak basic buffer solution. Therefore, in this work, TA‐modified MWCNTs were incorporated into TA functionalized fabric composite to improve the tribological performance of the fabric composite. The results indicate that the MWCNTs and fabric were successfully modified with TA. The wear tests revealed that the TA‐MWCNTs reinforcement TA‐fabric resin composites exhibited the best tribological performance, in which the friction coefficient and volume wear rate decreased by 16.9% and 40%, respectively, compared with pristine fabric composite. The favorable interfacial bonding between fabric and resin is beneficial to the friction force transfer to the load‐bearing fabric, decreasing the stress focus and thus reducing the damage to composite materials. Meanwhile, the good dispersion of MWCNTs contributes to the excellent lubrication performance. This simple and eco‐friendly method of treating fillers with TA provides a new approach to achieve high‐performance tribological materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emissions in the long wavelength region with simultaneous high efficiency and thermal stability are desirable for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) light sources. Herein, a novel broadband NIR‐emitting phosphor is reported, Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Cr3+ (BLMAO:Cr3+), which exhibits a NIR emission band spanning 700–1300 nm with maximum peak wavelength (λmax) at 925 nm and full width at half maximum of 160 nm. The optimized phosphor achieves an internal quantum efficiency of 66%, and the integrated emission intensity at 423 K remains 61% of that at room temperature, which surpasses most Cr3+‐activated phosphors emitting in the long‐wavelength NIR region (λmax > 900 nm). The NIR luminescence properties are elucidated on the basis of density functional calculations of the multiple Cr3+ local structures as generated by the Ba/La occupation disorder in the host material. The applications of the NIR phosphor in pc‐LED devices are demonstrated, showing potential in night‐vision and nondestructive examination. The results indicate that BLMAO:Cr3+ is a promising phosphor with highly efficient and thermally stable broadband NIR emission for NIR LED light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate neighboring Pt atoms can enhance the metal activity of NiCoP for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it remains a great challenge to link Pt and NiCoP. Herein, we introduced curvature of bowl‐like structure to construct Pt/NiCoP interface by adding a minimal 1 ‰‐molar‐ratio Pt. The as‐prepared sample only requires an overpotential of 26.5 and 181.6 mV to accordingly achieve the current density of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. The water dissociation energy barrier (Ea) has a ~43 % decrease compared with NiCoP counterpart. It also shows an ultrahigh stability with a small degradation rate of 10.6 μV h−1 at harsh conditions (500 mA cm−2 and 50 °C) after 3000 hrs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) verify the interface electron transfer lowers the valence state of Co/Ni and activates them. DFT calculations also confirm the catalytic transition step of NiCoP can change from Heyrovsky (2.71 eV) to Tafel step (0.51 eV) in the neighborhood of Pt, in accord with the result of the improved Hads at the interface disclosed by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallurgical slag such as solid waste generated in the steel industry carries environmental pollution risks, but it is rich in nutrients required by microalgae. Metallurgical slag used for carbon capture and biomass energy conversion has multiple benefits: (i) reduction and harmless treatment of metallurgical solid waste, (ii) assisting in carbon neutrality by efficient carbon fixation, and (iii) production of biodiesel from CO2. In this study, AOD, BOF, BFS, HVS, and VTS slag were applied to culture Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) with the regulation of growth, carbon fixation, and lipid synthesis. An excellent fixed amount of CO2 with 94.59 mg is obtained from C. pyrenoidosa biomass at BOF slag added (mass ratio of CO2 captured/microalgae/slag with 1.99/1.00/10.53) since high Ca/Mg mass ratio of 419 (8.38 mg/L Ca and 0.02 mg/L Mg), no Cr and low concentration of Al (0.04 mg/L) contribute to regulating antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and POD) to resist ROS and improving PEPC activity to reduce carbon flux toward lipid to promote biomass synthesis. Both metal concentrations from Ca (5.86 mg/L), Mg (0.05 mg/L), Al (0.42 mg/L), and Cr (0.006 mg/L) and suitable pH (10.53) in AOD leaching solution at solid/liquid ratio of 0.5 g/L change carbon flow toward efficient lipid synthesis (47.07 wt%) by continuously providing raw materials and energy by regulating ACC, ME, and PEPC activities. High value‐added biodiesel with high concentrations of C16 and C18 methyl esters from lipid of C. pyrenoidosa is achieved, following other ecological and economic benefits including 197 mg CO2 captured and 2198 mg AOD applied with harmless. In this study, C. pyrenoidosa is cultured with elements from metallurgical slag solid waste, which promotes C. pyrenoidosa efficient carbon fixation to assist in carbon neutrality, and provides guidance for CO2 conversion to high‐value‐added products with low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia‐associated disorders cause damage to the brains of patients and bring huge burdens to individuals and families. Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is friendly to patients on account of low cost, non‐invasion, and objective. Event‐related potential (ERP) is a component of EEG that has huge potential to evaluate the cognitive function of the brain. In this study, we recorded the ERP from patients with dementia and healthy people, then proposed an ERP‐based deep learning method to realize dementia recognition via the model Dementia‐Unet (D‐Unet). To improve the performance of the model, on the base of the decoder and the primary classifier, we added new structures including a symmetric decoder and two auxiliary outputs. One of the auxiliary outputs was input reconstruction, and the other one was aimed at working like the primary classifier with the same task. The results of the experiment of four‐fold cross‐validation demonstrated the two auxiliary outputs improved the performance of the model effectively. When compared with some other machine learning methods and deep learning methods, our model obtained the best performance with an accuracy of 0.815, a precision of 0.829, a recall of 0.797, and an f1‐score of 0.812. Besides, we put up a complex training strategy with all outputs involved, but a simple testing strategy with only a primary classifier working to keep high performance but cut down the complexity burden during testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for dielectric materials that have high energy and power density properties, and are operational at high temperature has increased with the advancement in new energy technology, high‐end microelectronics, and other industries. Pure ceramic and polymer capacitors are not enough to meet the ever increasing energy requirements in a wide range of applications. In this article, we report a sandwich structure nanocomposite film based on polyimide (PI) with high breakdown strength SiO2/PI as the outer layers and high dielectric constant strontium titanate (SrTiO3)/PI as the sandwich layer. The results showed that the prepared composites can obtain high energy storage density and low dielectric loss at high temperatures. The composites achieved an energy storage density of 5.5 J cm−3 and a dielectric loss of 0.004 at a temperature of 150°C when the filling amount of SrTiO3 was 0.5 vol% and the filling amount of SiO2 was 3 vol%. This work shows that the composites are promising dielectrics for applications at high temperature and provides a new idea for high‐temperature energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: About 20%–40% of patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by core needle biopsy (CNB) will develop invasive cancer at the time of excision. Improving the preoperative diagnosis of DCIS is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To establish an MRI‐based radiomics nomogram for preoperatively evaluating the upstaging of DCIS patients and help with risk stratification. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: A total of 227 patients (50.5 ± 9.7 years; 67 upstaged DCIS) were divided into training (n = 109), internal (n = 47), and external (n = 71) validation cohort. Field Strength/Sequence: 1.5‐T or 3‐T, dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging, and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Assessment: DCIS lesions were manually segmented using ITK‐SNAP software and 1304 radiomic features were extracted from DCE, DWI, and apparent diffusion coef‐ficient (ADC) maps, respectively. A radscore was calculated by a random forest algo‐rithm based on DCIS upstaging‐related radiomic features, which selected by a coarse‐to‐fine method including interclass correlation coefficient, single‐factor anal‐ysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Uni‐variate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors, including age, location, lesion size, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and other clinico‐pathologic factors. Finally, Mann‐Whitney U tests were performed to com‐pare the differences in radscore between low/intermediate and high nuclear grade groups for pure DCIS patients. Statistical Tests: Student's t‐tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, chi‐square‐tests, or Fisher's‐tests, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, calibration curve, Youden index, the area under the curve (AUC), Delong test, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses. Results: Eight important radiomic features (two from ADC, three from DWI, and three from DCE) were selected for calculating radscore. Clinical model including age and ER was established with AUCs of 0.747 and 0.738 in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. A combined model integrating age, estrogen receptor (ER), and radscore were also constructed with AUCs of 0.887 and 0.881. Further subgroup analysis showed that pure DCIS patients with different nuclear grade have significant differences in radscore. Data Conclusion: Multisequence MRI radiomics may preoperatively evaluate the upstaging of DCIS and might provide personalized image‐based clinical decision support. Evidence Level: 4. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the synthesis of novel narrow band gap phosphorus sulfide quantum dots (PSQDs)‐modified bismuth oxybromide (Bi24O31Br10) heterojunction (noted as BOB/PS) for the highly efficient photo‐degradation of hazardous organic pollutants including rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and malachite green (MG). Such a high photocatalytic activity of BOB/PSQDs heterojunction derives from the improved visible‐light response capacity, high surface area/pore volume, and suitable band structure for efficient electron transfer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS trapping experiments demonstrate that hydroxy (⋅OH) and superoxide radicals (⋅O2−) play important roles in the photo‐degradation. A possible S‐scheme mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BOB/PS is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(NaY)1/2MoO4 was fabricated via the solid‐state reaction method of Na2CO3, Y2O3, and MoO3. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that all the (NaY)1/2MoO4 ceramics could be densified well in the sintering temperature range of 900–960°C. Results of X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the (NaY)1/2MoO4 ceramics crystallized into tetragonal scheelite structure. Sintering (NaY)1/2MoO4 at 940°C for 2 h optimized the microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics. The microwave permittivity, Q × f, and TCF of the (NaY)1/2MoO4 were 10.9, 29 000 GHz and −40.7 ppm/°C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Real‐time monitoring of harmful bacteria in the process of feed fermentation is an important step to control and optimise feed quality. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can effectively determine the total amount of pathogenic bacteria but does not distinguish between active and inactive bacteria. In this work, propidium monoazide dyes (PMA) were combined with qPCR technology to explore the changes of microflora during the fermentation of artificially contaminated feed. The results indicated that the Cycle Threshold (Ct) values of sample detected by PMA‐qPCR were all higher than the results of qPCR. PMA could effectively nullify the influence of dead bacteria in the detection of viable bacteria. It was found that the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited during the fermentation process of soybean meal feed with the mortality rates were 99.89, 95.07 and 97.73%, respectively. However, the growth of beneficial bacteria were not affected by the presence of harmful bacteria after 60 days of storage. These results suggest that anaerobically fermented feed is a promising substitute for antibiotics in animal feed and using PMA‐qPCR for real‐time monitoring of harmful bacteria in fermented feed will further improve the safety risk assessment of fermented feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vesicle trafficking is a highly important process in numerous human diseases, especially in the central nervous system dysfunctions. However, as a key component of vesicle trafficking‐related genes (VRGs), Cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 4 (CNIH4) has not been systematically elucidated in glioma so far. Methods: Differentially expressed VRGs were selected using molecular signatures database (MSigDB), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) mRNA expression profiles. Further exploration of CNIH4 was determined using LASSO‐Cox regression algorithms. Then Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) plotter, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to assess the independent significance of CNIH4 in the CGGA validation cohort. Functional exploration was performed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and then verified using a series of functional experiments in glioma cells. Finally, the consensus clustering algorithm was applied to identify clusters in glioma samples. After that, differences in prognosis, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and therapy response were evaluated between clusters. Results: CNIH4 was shown to be overexpressed in malignant glioma variants and was frequently observed in GCSs and TMZ‐resistant cell lines. Higher CNIH4 levels were significantly related to poor outcomes and positively correlated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics. Survival analyses revealed CNIH4 as an independent risk factor that outperformed traditional measures. Enrichment analysis indicated that overactive CNIH4 significantly gathered in stem cell processes. Furthermore, functional assays of silencing CNIH4 expression suppressed stem cell‐like properties in vitro and inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo. Finally, the CNIH4‐enriched subgroup negatively modulated immunotherapeutic response and reflected lower chemotherapy sensitivity for glioma patients. Conclusion: Our study identified CNIH4 as a potential VRG that regulates tumor stemness, microenvironment immunity, and chemotherapy sensitivity. It may serve as a novel prognostic factor and a promising target against glioma therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of nickel (Ni) isotopes during magmatic differentiation is not adequately explored. Here, we find that tholeiitic rocks in the Kīlauea Iki (KI) lava lake, Hawai'i, show progressively lighter Ni isotopic compositions with increasing magmatic differentiation, whereas calc‐alkaline rocks from the thick Kamchatka arc (30–45 km), located at the convergent boundary of the Eurasian and Pacific plates show increasing Ni isotope values as MgO and Ni decrease. Forty‐three global intermediate‐felsic continental igneous rocks analyzed in this study display large Ni isotopic variations, with the Eoarchean samples having light Ni isotopic compositions that fall in the trend defined by the KI lavas, and the post‐Eoarchean samples showing systematically heavier Ni isotopic compositions overlapping those of Kamchatka arc rocks. The isotopic dichotomy results from the crystallization of isotopically heavy magnetite during low‐pressure differentiation of KI lavas, whereas the participation of sulfide separation that removes isotopically light Ni during high‐pressure differentiation of magmas traversing thick continental crust. Combined with Rhyolite‐MELTS and sulfur concentration at sulfide saturation simulations, we demonstrate that the Ni isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation is mainly controlled by the tempo of magnetite crystallization and sulfide formation, which is a function of pressure, oxygen fugacity, and water activity. High‐pressure calc‐alkaline differentiation usually suppresses magnetite crystallization while stabilizing sulfide, leading to heavy Ni isotopic compositions for the evolved magmas, significantly deviating from the low‐pressure fractionation trend seen in the KI lavas. Ni isotopes can be used in the future as a tracer of magmatic differentiation and processes of continent formation and differentiation. Plain Language Summary: Magmatic differentiation plays an important role in generating the distinctive calc‐alkaline compositions of the continental crust. We show that low‐pressure differentiation of the Kīlauea Iki tholeiitic lavas displays progressively lighter Ni isotopes with differentiation, whereas high‐pressure differentiation of calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks from the thick Kamchatka arc leads to heavier Ni isotopes. This difference may result from the fact that higher pressure may have suppressed magnetite crystallization while stabilized sulfide relative to low‐pressure differentiation. The degree and direction of Ni isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation are mainly controlled by the differentiation pressure, oxygen fugacity, and water activity. Thus, Ni isotopes can be a novel tracer of magmatic differentiation and processes of continent formation and differentiation. Key Points: Nickel isotopic compositions of Kīlauea Iki lavas become lighter with increasing magmatic differentiationNickel isotopic compositions of Kamchatka arc lavas become heavier with increasing magmatic differentiationNickel isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation is controlled by the tempo of magnetite crystallization and sulfide formation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn2+‐activated halide double perovskites (HDPs) are found to show promising luminescent behavior and have great potential for optoelectronic applications. However, such interesting materials hitherto are only limited to compounds with a monotonous three‐dimensional structure and show a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Herein, an Mn2+‐doped two‐dimensional (2D) layered HDP PPA4NaInCl8 (PPA+ = C6H5(CH2)3NH3+) showing promising photoluminescence properties is reported. The large separation between the adjacent inorganic sheets and the good dissolution of Mn2+ in the layered structure endow PPA4NaInCl8:Mn2+ with efficient red emission and a record PLQY of 69.90%. The spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory calculations indicate that the inherent absorption and luminescence stem from the inserted organic cations PPA+ in PPA4NaInCl8. An energy transfer process occurs between the singlet excitons from PPA+ and Mn2+, resulting in tunable emission accompanied by the variation of Mn2+ concentration. These results provide several new fundamental insights on doping and doped 2D layered HDPs, which enhances the understanding of structure−property relations in this important family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric capacitors are ideal for high power pulse system due to their high‐power density. However, the traditional dielectric capacitor cannot achieve large capacitance density and combine with the high breakdown voltage. Through this research, the internal structure of photosensitive glass can be transformed into multilayer interdigital electrodes structure through photolithography and laser induced processes. It is realized through the transition from the 2D structure to the 3D interdigital electrodes dielectric capacitor. In this case, the specific surface area electrode structure presents exponential increase and dielectric layers thickness decrease, which provide a large capacitance density. The new 3D capacitors, via reducing the roughness of the electrode surface, a uniform porous inner wall improves the breakdown strength (8.15 MV cm−1, which is 2 times to photolithographic). As a result, these highly‐density regular electrodes array effectively improve the capacitance density to 48.5 nF cm−2, which is 422 times larger than that of planar structure. Moreover, the new 3D capacitors fabricated by laser‐induce exhibit smoother inner wall surface and more rounded shape of electrode holes, achieving very large energy storage density of ≈3.4 Wh kg−1 (14.688 J cm−3) and power density of ≈6.48 × 1011 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a widely used tool for point‐of‐care testing (POCT). Although the method is fast and inexpensive, it provides only qualitative or semi‐quantitative information, which limits the scope of its applications in POCT. Here, we report the development of a low‐cost, portable LFIA reader based on photothermal detection of reporters (such as colloidal gold and colored latex beads) captured on LFIA strips using a low‐power green laser as the heating source and a single‐element infrared sensor as the detector. For 40‐nm colloidal gold, we measured a detection limit of 3 × 105 particles/mm2 by laser irradiation of the reporters at 532 nm with an intensity of 20 W/cm2. The photothermal detection enables a 10‐fold enhancement in sensitivity over color visualization with the naked eye. More importantly, with the use of the control line intensities as internal calibrants, the results so obtained are quantitative and useful to support critical decision‐making in POCT, as demonstrated by gold‐based assays for human chorionic gonadotropin and human immunodeficiency virus as well as latex‐based assays for nucleocapsid protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to traditional organic liquid electrolytes, which often present leakage, flammability, and chemical stability problems, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are widely regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the development of safer lithium‐ion batteries. Vitrimers are a new class of polymer materials consisting of dynamic covalent networks that can change their topology by thermally activated bond‐exchange reactions. Herein, the recyclable and self‐healing solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with a soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based imine bond dynamic network are reported. This malleable covalent cross‐linked network polymer can be reshaped and recycled at high temperature (100 °C) or only with water at ambient temperature (25 °C), which may realize the green processing of energy materials. The introduction of bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium (LiTFSI) significantly reinforces the conductivity of the dynamic network to a maximum of 3.3 × 10−4 S cm‐1. This simple and applicable method establishes new principles for designing scalable and flexible strategies for fabricating polymer electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic synergy and carbon–nitrogen doping can contribute to enhanced catalytic activity due to the strong electronic state and unique geometrical structure. In this work, a series of biomass‐derived Co‐M bimetallic CN doped catalysts (Co‐M@Chitosan‐X; M = Zr, Ni, Fe, Cu, In; X denotes the molar percentage of M) are prepared via simple oil bath reflow and annealing. The Co‐Zr@Chitosan‐X catalysts are determined to contain alloys (Co‐Zr), metal‐carbon bonds (Co‐C, Zr‐C), metal‐nitrogen bonds (Co‐N, Zr‐N), and metal oxides (Co3O4, ZrO2) through a series of characterizations, in which graphite‐coated alloys and metal oxides are found to be the catalytically active species. The doping of the second metal results in a significant enhancement for the number of active sites in the catalyst, and the d‐band center is shifted toward a deviation from the Fermi energy level. Among the tested catalysts, Co‐Zr@Chitosan‐20 exhibits superior catalytic activity for the reductive amination of biobased levulinic acid to 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone in 99.3% selectivity and 92.8% yield. This non‐noble metal bimetallic synergistic catalytic protocol opens an avenue for efficiently producing biomass‐derived nitrogenous chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the frontier resistive micro‐nano gas sensors, the change rate reliability between the measured quantity and output signals has long been puzzled by the ineluctable device‐to‐device and run‐to‐run disparities. Here, a neotype sensing data interpretation method to circumvent these signal inconsistencies is reported. The method is based on discovery of a strong linear relation between the initial resistance in air (Ra) and the absolute change in resistance after exposure to target gas (Ra–Rg). Metal oxide gas sensors based on a micro‐hot‐plate are employed as the model system. The study finds that such correlation has a wide universality, even for devices incorporated with different sensing materials or under different gas atmosphere. Furthermore, this rule can also be extensible to graphene‐based interdigital microelectrode. In situ probe scanning analyses illuminate that the linear dependence is closely related to work function matching level between metal electrode and sensitive layer. The Schottky barrier at metal‐semiconductor junctions is the prominent parameter, whose height (ϕB) can fundamentally impact material/electrode contact resistance, thereby further affecting the realistic nature expression of sensing materials. Using this correlation, a calibration procedure is proposed and embed in a fully integrated pocket‐size sensor prototype, whose response outcomes demonstrated high credibility as compared to commercial apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil leakage and discharge of industrial organic solvents are the main reasons for the oily wastewater. The separation of oil/water emulsions has been a global challenge due to the small particle size of the emulsions and their stabilities. An effective method is needed to resolve these issues. Superwettability membrane method has demonstrated a high separation efficiency, fast separation speed, low energy consumption, good scalability, easy operation, and recyclability. In essence, the special wettability of material is mainly determined by two factors: the chemical compositions of material surface and the surface morphology. Herein, in this review, the development of special wettability separation membranes is discussed including different preparation methods, and material preparation, such as superhydrophobic/super lipophilic, superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic, superlipophilic/superhydrophobic under oil, smart membranes with switchable wettability, and special wettability membranes with self‐healing or self‐cleaning property. The representative works of each part are introduced, focusing on preparation methods, innovations and separation performance of membranes. Finally, challenges and future directions in this field are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable potassium (K) isotopes are emerging as tracers of terrestrial recycling and planetary processes. These applications require well‐defined K isotopic compositions for the mantle and the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). Both values are determined primarily by basalts formed via partial melting of the mantle. Basaltic melts experience igneous differentiation before reaching the surface, which may alter their isotopic compositions compared to their mantle sources. This study investigates K isotope fractionation during the differentiation and solidification of the Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii, for which crystallization and thermal histories are well documented. High‐precision K isotopic ratios (δ41K) are measured in 13 Kilauea Iki samples that cover its complete differentiation history, ranging from olivine‐rich, high‐MgO cumulates to increasingly differentiated, MgO‐depleted samples. The limited δ41K range of −0.42 to −0.37‰ in all but one sample reveals no analytically resolvable fractionation across diverse bulk compositions, even though their bulk MgO contents varied from 26.9 to 2.37 wt.%. The lack of K isotopic fractionation is consistent with an absence of K‐rich minerals in the crystallizing assemblage, where only plagioclase can accommodate a small amount of K. A highly differentiated vein displays the lowest δ41K of −0.47‰ among the Kilauea Iki suite, which is consistent with our modeling calculations that suggest measurable K isotope fractionation at more advanced magmatic differentiation stages. Combining our new results with literature data, we propose an average δ41K of −0.42 ± 0.08‰ (2SD) for the pristine mantle and of −0.42 ± 0.07‰ (2SD) for the BSE. Key Points: Limited potassium (K) isotope fractionation during basaltic differentiationMeasurable K isotope fractionation occurs at advanced stages of differentiationThe K isotopic composition of the mantle can be constrained by oceanic basalts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The research on plant salt tolerance has mainly focused on Na+, but Cl− has been relatively neglected. Previous studies have found that the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum, an important forage grass in the arid and semi‐arid regions of northwestern China, could synergistically accumulate high quintiles of Na+ and Cl− in its shoots under NaCl treatments. However, the separate effects of these ions on the adaptation of P. cornutum to saline conditions have not been investigated. Aims: In this study, the response of P. cornutum to Na+ and Cl− was analyzed. Methods: Four‐week‐old seedlings were treated with additional 50 mM NaCl, Na+‐specific solution containing 50 mM Na+ with a mix of NO3-, H2PO4-, and SO42- as counter anions, and Cl−‐specific solution containing 50 mM Cl− with a mix of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ as counter cations. Results: Compared with the normal growth condition irrigated with Hoagland solution, the Na+‐specific solution severely impaired the growth and photosynthesis of P. cornutum due to the high accumulation of Na+ in shoots and the deterioration of tissue K+ homeostasis; while the Cl−‐specific solution significantly increased shoot fresh and dry biomass. The Cl−‐specific solution could also increase the turgor pressure in leaves for enhancing osmotic adjustment, which should be mainly attributed to the large accumulation of Cl−, since the concentrations of other ions, including K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, H2PO4-, and SO42-, in tissues under Cl−‐specific treatment were maintained at the same levels as those observed under the normal condition. Conclusions: P. cornutum displays an excellent tolerance to moderate Cl− but not to Na+, and the large accumulation of Cl− should play a positive role in stimulating the growth of P. cornutum under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Bacterial cells can biosynthesize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) and utilize those in situ assembled nanoparticles for synergistic bio‐abiotic catalysis, which is promising for pollutant remediation. However, such synergistic catalysis is restricted due to the low cell viability and inefficient palladium immobilization. RESULTS: In this study, conductive and two‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was explored for nanocoating of Shewanella oneidensis cells and the construction of a self‐assembled Shewanella@rGO bionanohybrid. Impressively, after in situ biosynthesis of Pd NPs on the Shewanella@rGO bionanohybrid, a Shewanella@rGO@Pd bionanohybrid was assembled, which showed about 10 times higher cell viability and 2.4 times more immobilized palladium content than the bionanohybrid without rGO. More importantly, the improved cell viability and enhanced Pd immobilization synergistically promoted Cr(VI) removal using the Shewanella@rGO@Pd bionanohybrid, which was 10 times that of native cells and five times that of the bionanohybrid without rGO. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides a promising strategy for biosynthesis and in situ assembly of Pd NPs with living bacterial cells, which is promising for synergistic bio‐abiotic removal of Cr(VI) and should extend the application of Pd NPs in pollutant remediation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus subtilis endospore‐mediated forsterite dissolution experiments were performed to assess the effects of cell surface reactivity on Mg isotope fractionation during chemical weathering. Endospores present a unique opportunity to study the isolated impact of cell surface reactivity because they exhibit extremely low metabolic activity. In abiotic control assays, 24Mg was preferentially released into solution during forsterite dissolution, producing an isotopically light liquid phase (δ26Mg = −0.39 ± 0.06 to −0.26 ± 0.09‰) relative to the initial mineral composition (δ26Mg = −0.24 ± 0.03‰). The presence of endospores did not have an apparent effect on Mg isotope fractionation associated with the release of Mg from the solid into the aqueous phase. However, the endospore surfaces preferentially adsorbed 24Mg from the dissolution products, which resulted in relatively heavy aqueous Mg isotope compositions. These aqueous Mg isotope compositions increased proportional to the fraction of dissolved Mg that was adsorbed, with the highest measured δ26Mg (−0.08 ± 0.07‰) corresponding to the highest degree of adsorption (~76%). The Mg isotope composition of the adsorbed fraction was correspondingly light, at an average δ26Mg of −0.49‰. Secondary mineral precipitation and Mg adsorption onto secondary minerals had a minimal effect on Mg isotopes at these experimental conditions. Results demonstrate the isolated effects of cell surface reactivity on Mg isotope fractionation separate from other common biological processes, such as metabolism and organic acid production. With further study, Mg isotopes could be used to elucidate the role of the biosphere on Mg cycling in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNA VANGL1 (circVANGL1) is generated from two exons of the Van Gogh‐like 1 (VANGL1) gene and serves as a tumor promoter by sponging certain microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of circVANGL1 in bladder cancer (BC) is still unclear. So, in order to investigate the role of circVANGL1 in BC, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was employed to evaluate the circVANGL1 expression in tumor tissues from BC patients and in BC cell lines. Small interfering RNA against circVANGL1 was constructed and stably transfected into human bladder epithelium immortalized cells (SV‐HUC). Cell invasion and migration were detected in Transwell chambers, cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assays, and tumorigenesis in nude mice was examined to assess the effect of circVANGL1 in BC. Subcellular localization of circVANGL1 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The interactive relationships among circVANGL1, miRNA, and relative proteins were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The results showed that circVANGL1 was upregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Silencing the expression of circVANGL1 suppressed cell invasion, migration, and proliferation during in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circVANGL1 upregulated the expression of miR‐1184 target gene insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) by sponging miR‐1184, which promoted the aggressive biological behaviors of BC. Taken together, our results indicate that circVANGL1 acts as a tumor promoter through the novel circVANGL1/miR‐1184/IGFBP2 axis. Hopefully, our study will provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the antithunder composite insulator combining a surge arrester and insulator is developed. The insulation design and configuration principle of the composite insulator are analyzed through experiments and simulation. The studies of insulation performance have shown that the external breakdown air distance is 60 mm, and the length of the polymeric support insulator is 70 mm. Considering the more serious pollution (0.3 mg/cm2), the creepage distance of the insulation section must be larger than 250 mm. Test data of the antithunder composite insulator meet the standard requirements. The analysis of mechanical performance of the antithunder composite insulator is carried out, which shows that the overall mechanical strength needs to be greater than 2.38 kN. A three‐dimensional (3D) element finite model is built to simulate the behavior of the antithunder composite insulator in the distribution line. The simulation results indicate that the stress on the varistor and the core rod decreases with the increase of the size of the core rod. A core rod of 20 mm or more can meet the operation requirements. The simulation indicates that the stress of the varistor determines the force limit of the antithunder composite insulator. Therefore, attention should be paid to the performance stability of the varistor of the antithunder insulator under force. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To efficiently capture the toxic uranyl ions (UO22+), a new hierarchical micro‐macroporous metal–organic framework was prepared under template‐free conditions, featuring interconnected multi‐nanocages bearing carbonyl groups derived from a semi‐rigid ligand. The material exhibits an unusually high UO22+ sorption capacity of 562 mg g−1, which occurs in an intriguing two‐steps process, on the macropore‐based crystal surface and in the inner nanocages. Notably, the latter is attributed to the cooperative interplay of the shrinkage of the host porous framework induced by uranyl accommodation and the free carbonyl coordination sites, as shown by both single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and a red‐shift of the infrared [O=UVI=O]2+ antisymmetric vibration band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: The boron (B) isotopic composition in marine carbonates provides important insights into paleoclimate reconstruction and biomineralization. However, precise and accurate measurements of B isotopes using plasma‐based mass spectrometry is difficult due to the volatile nature of B, which typically requires complex and more specialized sample introduction systems. Existing analytical protocols have mostly been based on Thermo Scientific Neptune Plus multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICPMS) instruments, whereas methods based on Nu Plasma mass spectrometers are scarce. Methods: We have developed a simplified analytical protocol using Nu Plasma II MC‐ICPMS with standard glass sample introduction systems. Boron extraction and purification were conducted using a two‐stage column chemistry with cation‐exchange and Amberlite IRA 743 B‐specific resin. A sample drying step was avoided, which allows for direct isotopic analysis after column chemistry. A wet plasma mode with a standard glass cyclonic spray chamber and a glass nebulizer was used instead of a more specialized perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) sample introduction system. Low residual B signals were achieved with a relatively short period of wash‐out with 0.5 N HNO3. Results: The external precision is better than 0.30‰ (2SD) calculated from the long‐term bracketing standard, NIST SRM 951a. The overall robustness of the method was demonstrated by measurements of the international carbonate standard JCp‐1 (δ11B = +24.49 ± 0.36‰, 2SD) and seawater (δ11B = +39.98 ± 0.35‰), which are consistent with reported values. Conclusions: Our method provides an alternative approach for B isotope analysis using a routine wet plasma MC‐ICPMS setup that can facilitate geochemical and environmental application of B isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniquely structured CoS/N‐doped carbon@MoS2 (denoted as CoS/NC@MoS2) hollow spheres were successfully synthesized by using a well‐designed N‐rich Co‐metal organic framework (ZIF‐67) precursor and template. Owing to the good mechanical stability and conductivity of carbon hollow spheres, N‐doped carbon, and Co−Mo bonds, the as‐prepared CoS/NC@MoS2 composites exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance both in electrocatalytic and energy storage applications. An overpotential of 77 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1 could be obtained in acid environment for the hydrogen evolution reaction. As an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared composites exhibit good cycling stability with a high reversible specific capacity of 802.4 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 after 400 cycles and good rate capability. Time to evolve: CoS/NC@MoS2 hollow spheres show outstanding electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution properties and good cycling stability as the anode for lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an anti‐thunder composite insulator combining an arrester and an insulator is developed and applied to 10‐kV distribution line. The anti‐thunder composite insulator is divided into an insulation section and a lightning protection section. The flashover performance of the anti‐thunder composite insulator and an ordinary composite insulator under ice accretion conditions are experimentally analyzed. The relationship between the icing thickness (d) and the flashover voltage is derived under the contaminated condition of 0.25 mg/cm2 salt density. With the increase of d, the effect of icing on the breakdown voltage of the anti‐thunder composite insulator is less than that of an ordinary composite insulator. When d increases from 2 to 12 mm, the breakdown flashover voltage of the anti‐thunder composite insulator and the ordinary composite insulator drops by 40.0 and 61.9%, respectively. Based on the simulation model, the potential and electric field distribution of the anti‐thunder composite insulator are analyzed. Our simulation and experimental results indicate that the proportion of the potential of the insulation section is more than 90% under the rated voltage. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the anti‐ice flash performance of the insulation section has an important influence on the flashover performance of the anti‐thunder composite insulator and that an appropriate increase of AC reference voltage of the anti‐thunder composite insulator will be an effective method to promote the stability of the internal zinc oxide varistor under ice accretion conditions. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeP is a candidate anode material for lithium‐ion batteries for its high theoretical capacity and low discharge plateau. The obstacle need to be conquered for effective application is to improve the poor electronic conductivity and huge volume changes during lithiation/delithiation. In this work, monodispersed FeP nanoparticles with diameter only about 8 nm was wrapped in carbon by using ball‐milling and subsequent pyrolyzation strategy. The confined monodispersed FeP nanoparticles exhibited a high specific capacity of 500 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. 8 nm monodispersed FeP nanoparticles was wrapped in carbon by using ball‐milling and subsequent pyrolyzation strategy. The confined monodispersed FeP nanoparticles exhibited a high specific capacity of 500 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1 when using as anode materials of lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of lncRNA AK139328 on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in diabetic mice. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was constructed in normal mice (NM) and diabetic mice (DM). Microarray analysis was utilized to identify lncRNA AK139328 overexpressed in DM after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R). RT‐qPCR assay was utilized to investigate the expressions of lncRNA AK139328 and miR‐204‐3p in cardiomyocyte and tissues. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractioning shortening (FS) were obtained by transthoracic echocardiography. Haematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were utilized to detect the damage of myocardial tissues degradation of myocardial fibres and integrity of myocardial collagen fibres. Evans Blue/TTC staining was used to determine the myocardial infarct size. TUNEL staining was utilized to investigate cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The targeted relationship between lncRNA AK139328 and miR‐204‐3p was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. MTT assay was used for analysis of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Western blot was utilized to investigate the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), Atg7, Atg5, LC3‐II/LC3‐I and p62 marking autophagy. Knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 relieved myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in DM and inhibited cardiomyocyte autophagy as well as apoptosis of DM. LncRNA AK139328 modulated miR‐204‐3p directly. MiR‐204‐3p and knockdown of lncRNA AK139328 relieved hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via inhibiting cardiomyocyte autophagy. Silencing lncRNA AK139328 significantly increased miR‐204‐3p expression and inhibited cardiomyocyte autophagy, thereby attenuating MIRI in DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate possible Ca isotopic fractionation during basaltic magma differentiation, we measured Ca isotopic compositions of lavas recovered from Kilauea Iki lava lake at Hawaii. This set of lavas record the whole crystal fractionation history of basaltic magma, ranging from olivine accumulation/fractionation to multiple phase crystallization, including plagioclase and clinopyroxene. Our results show no detectable Ca isotopic variation in all measured Kilauea lavas at a precision of ±0.07‰ for 44Ca/40Ca (δ44/40Ca = 0.80 ± 0.08, 2 SD, n = 19). Using such observation and published intermineral Ca isotopic fractionation factors, a Monte Carlo approach is used to estimate the mineral‐melt 44Ca/40Ca fractionation factors. We found that Ca isotopic fractionation between clinopyroxene and basaltic melt is small, with Δ44/40Cacpx‐melt = 0.04 ± 0.03 at 1200 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first estimated mineral‐melt Ca isotopic fractionation factor reported. We use this estimated Δ44/40Cacpx‐melt and intermineral Ca isotopic fractionation factors to investigate Ca isotopic effects during mantle partial melting under 1–2 GPa. Our simulations show that the largest 44Ca/40Ca effect, up to +0.3‰, is achieved in large degree melting residues during fractional and dynamic melting. In contrast, partial melts show negligible 44Ca/40Ca isotopic effect, <0.07‰. Key Points: Kilauea Iki lava lake basalts show no detectable Ca isotopic variation at a precision of ±0.07‰ for 44Ca/40CaThe clinopyroxene‐melt Ca isotopic fractionation factor is estimated at (0.09 ± 0.07)/(T/1,000)2 (T in kelvin)Small 44Ca/40Ca fractionation in melts during crystal fractionation and melting of spinel peridotite, but large 44Ca/40Ca (0.3‰) fractionation in residues [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction is presented to the article "Schottky Contacts Regularized Linear Regression for Signal Inconsistency Circumvent in Resistive Gas Micro-Nanosensors" published in 2021 issue.

To evaluate the role of subducted oceanic crust in the genesis of potassium-rich magmas, we report high-precision Mg isotopic data for a set of Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Northeast China. These rocks overall are lighter in Mg isotopic composition than the normal mantle and display considerable Mg isotopic variations, with δ26Mg ranging from −0.61 to −0.23. The covariation of δ26Mg with TiO2 in these rocks suggests that their light Mg isotopic compositions were derived from recycled oceanic crust in the form of carbonated eclogite in the source region. The strong correlations between δ26Mg and (Gd/Yb)N ratio as well as Sr-Pb isotopes further indicate a multicomponent and multistage origin of these rocks. Magnesium isotopes may thus be used as a novel tracer of recycled oceanic crust in the source region of mantle-derived magmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors present an alternative method for poor accuracy of piezoresistive meteorology pressure sensing in low‐temperature environment (down to −45°C) by incorporating external thermodynamic control. In order to use the designed sensor in such a low‐temperature environment, the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) chip itself has to be kept at 50°C, which is the most common used highest working temperature in meteorology field. The heat compensation is achieved by a pulse‐width modulation controlled heating resistor based on proportional–integral–derivative algorithm. The precision of thermal control was obtained at 50 ± 0.5°C during the bench test. The simulation results from COMSOL software are consisted with lumped element model analysis. Under the condition of environmental temperature down to −45°C, system achieved a maximum absolute error within ±0.5 hPa after pressure calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co9S8 is considered a promising candidate as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its remarkable electrical conductivity, high theoretical capacity, and low cost. However, the practical application of Co9S8 is greatly restricted because of its poor cycling stability and rate performance, which result mainly from the large volume expansion and dissolution of the polysulfide intermediates during the charge/discharge process. In this report, Co9S8 embedded in N-rich carbon hollow spheres are successfully designed and synthesized through an in situ pyrolysis and sulfurization process, employing the well-known ZIF-67 as the precursor and ethanethiol as the sulfur source. Co9S8 nanoparticles embedded in the N-rich hollow carbon shell exhibit excellent lithium storage properties at a high charge/discharge rate. A discharge capacity of 784 mAh g−1 is obtained upon battery testing at a current density of 1 C (544 mA g−1). Even upon cycling at a current density of 4 C, the as-prepared Co9S8/N-C can still deliver a discharge capacity of 518 mAh g−1. The excellent battery performance can be attributed to the hollow structure as well as the N-rich carbon encapsulation. Moreover, this metal-organic framework sulfurization route also shows good generality for the synthesis of other metal sulfide-carbon composites such as ZnS/N-C and Cu2S/C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of functional metal-organic materials that are robust and active for bifunctional/cascade catalysis is of great significance. Herein, a series of mesoporous and orderly layered nanohybrids were synthesized for the first time through simple and template-free assembly of ortho-, meta-, or para-xylylenediphosphonates ( o-, p-, or m-PhP) containing zirconium. It was found that m-PhPZr nanoparticles (20-50 nm) with mesopores centered at 7.9 nm and high Lewis acid-base site ratio (1:0.7) showed excellent performance under mild conditions (as low as 82 °C) in transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, including bioaldehydes and alcohols, with near quantitative yields and little Zr leaching. Isotopic labeling studies indicated the occurrence of direct hydrogen transfer rather than metal hydride route by bifunctional catalysis. Lewis acidic (Zr) and basic (PO3) centers of the heterogeneous catalyst were further revealed to play a synergistic role in one-pot cascade transformations, for example, of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone and glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Previous analyses on San Carlos olivine from Arizona (USA) have shown inter-laboratory δ26Mg differences of up to 0.67‰, while mantle olivine samples worldwide are homogeneous at a current analytical uncertainty of ~0.1‰. The differing measurements on San Carlos olivine may be attributable to analytical artifacts or sample heterogeneity. The latter must be ruled out before using it as a standard for Mg isotopic analysis. Methods To examine sample homogeneity, two different batches of San Carlos olivine from a lherzolite and four batches from a harzburgite have been analyzed together with coexisting harzburgitic pyroxene. In addition, the effect of acid purity on resin performance and the reusability of AG50W-X8 resin for Mg separation have been evaluated by processing another batch of lherzolitic San Carlos olivine and Hawaiian seawater through both new and used resins cleaned with different acids. Results Six different batches of olivine grains from two San Carlos peridotite xenoliths show homogeneous δ26Mg values to within 0.03‰, and all the mineral phases in the harzburgite are in Mg isotope equilibrium. Furthermore, there is no resolvable δ26Mg shift in either lherzolitic San Carlos olivine or Hawaiian seawater by using either new or used resins that were cleaned with single-distilled or double-distilled acids. Conclusions The new data are consistent with the narrow δ26Mg range of mantle olivine worldwide, while they stand in contrast to the wide range measured on the same San Carlos olivine powder in different laboratories. Therefore, previous inter-laboratory discrepancies reflect analytical artifacts instead of sample heterogeneity, and San Carlos olivine is a suitable standard for Mg isotopic analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium isotope and abundance data are reported for Apollo 15 and 17 mare basalts and the LaPaz low-Ti mare basalt meteorites, along with lithium isotope data for carbonaceous, ordinary, and enstatite chondrites, and chondrules from the Allende CV3 meteorite. Apollo 15 low-Ti mare basalts have lower Li contents and lower δ7Li (3.8 ± 1.2‰; all uncertainties are 2 standard deviations) than Apollo 17 high-Ti mare basalts (δ7Li = 5.2 ± 1.2‰), with evolved LaPaz mare basalts having high Li contents, but similar low δ7Li (3.7 ± 0.5‰) to Apollo 15 mare basalts. In low-Ti mare basalt 15555, the highest concentrations of Li occur in late-stage tridymite (>20 ppm) and plagioclase (11 ± 3 ppm), with olivine (6.1 ± 3.8 ppm), pyroxene (4.2 ± 1.6 ppm), and ilmenite (0.8 ± 0.7 ppm) having lower Li concentrations. Values of δ7Li in low- and high-Ti mare basalt sources broadly correlate negatively with 18O/16O and positively with 56Fe/54Fe (low-Ti: δ7Li ≤4‰; δ56Fe ≤0.04‰; δ18O ≥5.7‰; high-Ti: δ7Li >6‰; δ56Fe >0.18‰; δ18O <5.4‰). Lithium does not appear to have acted as a volatile element during planetary formation, with subequal Li contents in mare basalts compared with terrestrial, martian, or vestan basaltic rocks. Observed Li isotopic fractionations in mare basalts can potentially be explained through large-degree, high-temperature igneous differentiation of their source regions. Progressive magma ocean crystallization led to enrichment in Li and δ7Li in late-stage liquids, probably as a consequence of preferential retention of 7Li and Li in the melt relative to crystallizing solids. Lithium isotopic fractionation has not been observed during extensive differentiation in terrestrial magmatic systems and may only be recognizable during extensive planetary magmatic differentiation under volatile-poor conditions, as expected for the lunar magma ocean. Our new analyses of chondrites show that they have δ7Li ranging between −2.5‰ and 4‰. The higher δ7Li in planetary basalts than in the compilation of chondrites (2.1 ± 1.3‰) demonstrates that differentiated planetary basalts are, on average, isotopically heavier than most chondrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]