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Purpose To assess the feasibility of using fat-fraction imaging for measuring marrow composition changes over large regions in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Materials and Methods Thirteen women with gynecologic malignancies who were to receive radiation and/or chemotherapy were recruited for this study. Subjects were imaged on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner at baseline (after surgery but before radiation or chemotherapy), 6 months, and 12 months after treatment. Water-fat imaging was used to generate high-resolution, 3D signal fat fraction (sFF) maps extending from mid-femur to L3. Treatment changes were assessed by measuring marrow sFF in the L4 vertebra, femoral necks, and control tissues. Results Pretreatment and 6-month scans were compared in nine women. sFF increased significantly in both the L4 vertebral marrow ( P = 0.04) and the femoral necks ( P = 0.03), while no significant change was observed in control regions. Qualitatively, chemotherapy changes were more uniform in space, whereas the radiation-induced changes were largest in marrow regions inside and close to the target radiation field. Conclusion Water-fat MRI is sensitive to changes in red/yellow marrow composition, and can be used for quantitative and qualitative assessment of treatment-induced marrow damage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1578-1584. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because there are many potential risks in the MR environment and reports of adverse incidents involving patients, equipment and personnel, the need for a guidance document on MR safe practices emerged. Initially published in 2002, the ACR MR Safe Practices Guidelines established de facto industry standards for safe and responsible practices in clinical and research MR environments. As the MR industry changes the document is reviewed, modified and updated. The most recent version will reflect these changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:501-530. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of transplantation. We examined the role of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in PTLD. Methods: All patients treated for PTLD from 2001–2006 who also underwent PET scans were reviewed. Results: Nineteen PTLD patients were included. Seventeen patients had PET scans for staging at diagnosis. Of these, two patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma and one patient with only bone marrow involvement after complete surgical resection of a bowel lesion had no abnormalities on CT or PET scan. The remaining patients had measurable, extracranial disease by CT scan and PET scan. The median maximum standard uptake value was 8.2 (range 3–30). Thirteen patients had a PET scan following treatment. Eleven of 13 patients had a complete response (CR). Two of 13 patients had persistent disease following therapy; in one of these patients, relapsed disease was documented by PET scan alone. Of the 11 patients with CR, three patients relapsed shortly thereafter. In each case, at the time of relapse, the PET scan confirmed recurrent disease regardless of histopathologic subtype. Conclusions: PET scans may have a role in the staging and follow-up of patients with PTLD. Additional prospective studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]