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What is already known about this subject The risk of childhood obesity is influenced by a number of pre- and post-natal factors., The risk of childhood obesity is correlated with body weight during infancy, which might be related to the psychomotor development of the child., The previous literature on motor milestones and childhood overweight is limited and results are inconsistent., What this study adds Weight status in early life and timing of achievement of gross motor milestones (the ability to sit and walk) are largely independent of each other., Timing of achievement of motor milestones in early life does not predict overweight or increased BMI later in childhood., Background Overweight may hinder achievement of gross motor milestones and delayed achievement of milestones may increase the risk of later overweight for reasons involving physical activity and the building of lean body mass. Objective To investigate whether increased birth weight and body mass index ( BMI) at 5 months is associated with the achievement of the ability to sit up and walk and whether delayed achievement of these milestones is associated with overweight at age 7 years. Methods We used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort on 25 148 children born between 1998 and 2003. Follow-up took place from 2003 to 2010. Mean age at follow-up was 7.04 years. We used logistic and linear regression analyses. Results Birth weight and BMI at 5 months were marginally associated with earlier achievement of the ability to sit up and walk (regression coefficients between −0.027 months; [ CI −0.042; −0.013] and −0.092 months [ CI −0.118; −0.066]). Age in months of sitting and walking were not associated with overweight at age 7 years ( ORs between 0.97 [ CI 0.95-1.00] and 1.00 [ CI 0.96-1.04]). Later achievement of sitting and walking predicted lower BMI at age 7 years (ln- BMI - z-scores between −0.023 [ CI −0.029; −0.017] and −0.005 [ CI −0.015; 0.005)). Conclusions All observed associations were of negligible magnitude and we conclude that birth weight or BMI at age 5 months and motor milestones appear largely independent of each other and that timing of achievement of motor milestones seems not to be associated with later overweight or increased BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Most studies of the relation between alcohol consumption and breast cancer have shown a modestly increased risk, although the results are still conflicting. METHODS: The aim of this prospective population-based cohort study was to assess the influence of alcohol intake and type of beverage (beer, wine, or spirits) on breast cancer risk in relation to menopausal status. Among 13,074 women aged 20 to 91 years, we examined the relationship between breast cancer risk, total alcohol intake, and type of alcohol in relation to menopausal status. The women were classified as premenopausal or as postmenopausal at younger than 70 years or 70 years or more. RESULTS: During follow-up, 76 premenopausal and 397 postmenopausal women developed breast cancer. Premenopausal women who had an intake of more than 27 drinks per week had a relative risk of breast cancer of 3.49 (95% confidence limits, 1.36-8.99) compared with light drinkers (p = 0.011), whereas there were no differences in risk in the lower-intake categories. The increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women was independent of the type of alcohol. Postmenopausal women older than 70 years of age who had an intake of more than six drinks per week of spirits had a relative risk of breast cancer of 2.43 (95% confidence limits, 1.41-4.20) compared with women who consumed less than one drink of spirits per week (p = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS: Total alcohol intake of more than 27 drinks per week increases breast cancer risk in premenopausal women independently of the type of alcohol. Among postmenopausal women, an intake of spirits of more than six drinks per week increases breast cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract to research titled "Leptin Declines in Two Phases During Weight Loss: Longitudinal Analysis in Children," by J. -C. Holm, M. Gamborg, S. Gammeltoft, L. Ward, B. L. Heitmann, and T. I. A. Soerensen.

Presents an abstract to research titled "Leptin Increases During Weight Gain Reach an Upper Maximal Plateau: Longitudinal Analysis in Children," by J. -C. Holm, M. Gamborg, S. Gammeltoft, L. Ward, B. L. Heitmann, and T I. A Soerensen.

In 2015, Uhrbrand et al. published the first review on Parkinson´s disease (PD) and exercise entirely based on randomized controlled trials (RCT) applying strict exercise definitions. The present review aimed to update the PD literature by assessing the effects of different intensive exercise modalities: resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and other intensive exercise modalities (OITM). An updated systematic literature search identified 33 new RCTs. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. A total of 18 RT, 14 ET, and 1 OITM studies were identified (adding to the 8 RT, 6 ET, and 4 OITM studies identified by Uhrbrand et al. in 2015). RT, ET, and OITM were feasible, safe, and did not worsen PD symptoms. Furthermore, RT, ET, and OITM may positively affect functional outcomes (e.g., balance) and depressive symptoms in PD but inconsistencies across these findings warrant cautious conclusions. Meta-analyses showed that RT had a positive impact on muscle strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.83 [95% CI;0.54, 1.12]), functional capacity (Timed Up and Go Test (TUG): SMD = -0.62 [-1.01, -0.24]), and quality of life (SMD = -0.41 [-0.72, -0.09]), while ET had a positive impact on cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD = 0.27 [0.07, 0.47]) and functional capacity (TUG: SMD = -0.21 [-0.46, 0.04], 6-Min Walk Test: SMD = 0.89 [0.17, 1.62]), and a potentially positive impact on "on-medication" UPDRS-III (SMD = -0.15 [-0.38, 0.09]) and "off-medication" UPDRS-III (SMD = -0.19 [-0.41, 0.04]). In conclusion, RT, ET, and OITM all represent safe, feasible, and beneficial adjunct rehabilitation strategies in PD, with particularly RT and ET showing solid effects., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)