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In this paper we consider the determinants of regional disparities in unemployment rates for the UK regions at NUTS- II level. We use a mixture panel data model to describe unemployment differentials between heterogeneous groups of regions. The results indicate the existence of two clusters of regions in the UK economy, characterized by high and low unemployment rates, respectively. A major source of heterogeneity appears to be caused by the varying effect (between the two clusters) of the share of employment in the service sector, and we trace its origin to the fact that the high unemployment cluster is characterized by a higher degree of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Input-output (IO) tables and demand-driven multiplier techniques are absolutely appropriate for conventional pollution attribution (accounting) analyses as they provide all the required information on pollution embodied in intersectoral interactions and interregional trade flows. However, as a model of how the economy adjusts in response to a marginal change in activity, IO is unlikely to be appropriate as it is only a very special case of general equilibrium models. We propose an integrated IO and computable general equilibrium (CGE) approach, with CGE analysis of the impacts of a change in activity and model results used to inform an IO attribution analysis of pollution embodied in interregional trade flows before and after the change is introduced. Resumen. Las tablas input-output (IO) y las técnicas multiplicadoras en función de la demanda son totalmente apropiadas para los análisis (contables) convencionales de atribución de la contaminación ya que proporcionan toda la información requerida acerca de la contaminación que acompaña a las interacciones intersectoriales y flujos comerciales interregionales Sin embargo, como modelo acerca de cómo la economía se ajusta en respuesta a cambios marginales de la actividad, es poco probable que IO sea apropiado ya que es solamente un caso muy especial de modelos de equilibrio general. Proponemos un enfoque integrado de IO con equilibrio general computable (EGC), con un análisis EGC de los impactos de un cambio en la actividad y siendo los resultados del modelo utilizados para instruir un análisis de atribución IO de la contaminación presente en flujos comerciales interregionales, antes y después de la introducción del cambio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]