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Objective: To assess the long-term outcome of postmenopausal women diagnosed with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NEH).Methods: This was a retrospective study of women aged 55 or older who underwent endometrial sampling in our academic medical center between 1997 and 2008. Women who had a current or recent (< 2 years) histological diagnosis of NEH were included in the study group and were compared with those diagnosed with atrophic endometrium (AE). Outcome data were obtained until February 2018. The main outcomes were risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma and risk of persistence, recurrence or new development of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) ('persistent EH'). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify covariates that were independent risk factors for progression to endometrial cancer or persistent EH.Results: During the study period, 1808 women aged 55 or older underwent endometrial sampling. The median surveillance time was 10.0 years. Seventy-two women were found to have a current or recent diagnosis of NEH and were compared with 722 women with AE. When compared to women with AE, women with NEH had significantly higher body mass index (33.9 kg/m2 vs 30.6 kg/m2 ; P = 0.01), greater endometrial thickness (10.00 mm vs 6.00 mm; P = 0.01) and higher rates of progression to type-1 endometrial cancer (8.3% vs 0.8%; P = 0.0003) and persistent NEH (22.2% vs 0.7%; P < 0.0001). They also had a higher rate of progression to any type of uterine cancer or persistent EH (33.3% vs 3.5%; P < 0.0001). Women with NEH had a significantly higher rate of future surgical intervention (51.4% vs 15.8%; P < 0.0001), including future hysterectomy (34.7% vs 9.8%; P < 0.0001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, only NEH remained a significant risk factor for progression to endometrial cancer or persistence of EH.Conclusions: Postmenopausal women with NEH are at significant risk for persistent EH and progression to endometrial cancer, at rates higher than those reported previously. Guidelines for the appropriate management of postmenopausal women with NEH are needed in order to decrease the rate of persistent disease or progression to cancer. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the topics discussed during the celebration of the Department of Health's National Breastfeeding Awareness Week (NBAW) on May 11, 2009 in London, England is presented. The event highlights the launch of the United Kingdom (UK)-World Health Organization (WHO) 0-4 years charts and focused on the discussion of how breastfeeding affects growth. It notes that the conference was hosted by Dr. Phil Hammond, a broadcaster and general practitioner (GP).

One of the activities of FLAIR-FLOW Europe 4 (http://www.flair-flow.com) is the production of synthesis reports. This report on obesity is the third in a series of six synthesis reports written for health professionals. Obesity is a condition in which abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue impairs health. Obesity is defined in adults as a body mass index above 30 (kg/m2). Obesity is one of the most visible, but until recently, most neglected public health problems. The current high prevalence (the percentage of the population who are obese) of obesity and the rapid increase in prevalence in the last 20 years has been referred to as an 'epidemic'. 'Globesity' is now a major, worldwide public health problem and is a reflection of profound social, economic and cultural changes. Paradoxically, in many countries, the huge increase in the prevalence of obesity has occurred over the same time period that energy intakes have decreased, thus demonstrating increasingly sedentary lifestyles. The other fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic is the over-consumption of high-fat energy-dense diets. However, not everyone exposed to this 'obesigenic' environment becomes obese. We do not yet know the aetiology of particular eating and lifestyle behaviours nor why the body's regulatory systems might respond more appropriately in some individuals than in others. Some of the factors may be genetic. The aim of this report, which focuses on obesity in adults, is to bring together in a user-friendly format the progress and results of recent and ongoing European Union funded projects. To put this work in context, some background information of particular relevance to health professionals is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the role of insulin in human nutrition. Occurrence of metabolic syndrome; Effect of insulin status on hepatic triacylglycerol levels; Factors affecting the action of insulin.

Necrotizing fasciitis exists on a continuum of soft tissue infections between cetlulitis and myonecrosis. It has been uncommonly reported in infancy (1-10). The diagnosis depends on recognition of the characteristic rapidly progressive clinical count and demonstration of full-thickness skin necrosis with involvement of the fascial planes overlying the muscle. The organisms most often recovered are beta-hemolytic Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus, but other aerobic and anaerobic organisms in single or mixed infection have been reported (1, 2, 11, 12). This infection has a significant mortality rate, necessitating early, aggressive, specific medical and surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents conference reports of Symposium on Energy Regulation Research in Netherlands. Emphasis on studying the aspects of human energy metabolism and use of body calorimeters; Participants of the conference; Presentation of techniques on measuring energy expenditure.

Presents issues concerning the importance of water to health. Functions of fluids in the body; Perception about water requirements; Factor contributing to the mineral levels in tap and bottled water; Role of water in diseases.

Like several indigenous populations, Sauria Paharias, a vulnerable indigenous tribal group residing in a biodiverse environment of Jharkhand, India, have high levels of undernutrition. We assessed agroforestry and dietary diversity, food consumption especially indigenous food (IF) intake and nutritional status of Sauria Paharia women through a cross-sectional study conducted in 18 villages of Godda district, Jharkhand. Household level information was elicited through household surveys including a dietary survey and a food frequency questionnaire. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls (24 HDR) and anthropometric assessments were taken on one randomly selected woman per household. An index, Food Accessed Diversity Index (FADI) created to measure agroforestry diversity, showed a low mean score of 0.21 ± 0.15 and range: 0, 0.85. Fifty-nine percent of women consumed any IF during 24 HDR. Median minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) was 3 (acceptable score ≥5). More than 96% of women had intakes below estimated average requirements for all nutrients studied (energy; vitamins A, C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine; folate; iron; calcium and zinc) except protein; 41% women were underweight. IF consumption was independently associated with calcium and vitamin A intake. Decision trees developed for micronutrient consumption at different levels of MDD-W score and IF consumption scenarios revealed 1.3 to 2.9 times higher consumption of micronutrients among women with MDD-W ≥ 3 or 4. Strategies like agricultural extension programmes promoting indigenous varieties and nutrition education for increasing dietary diversity with IFs have potential to address undernutrition in Sauria Paharia women., (© 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

A dozen studies have been published showing that opiate antagonists suppress alcohol drinking in animals, and two independent placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials of naltrexone found this agent was associated with decreased alcohol craving and consumption in alcohol-dependent patients. Nalmefene is a newer opiate antagonist that has a number of potential advantages over naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism, including no dose-dependent association with liver toxicity and more effective binding to central opiate receptors. Consequently, a double-blind pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary data on the safety and efficacy of nalmefene for reducing alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent subjects. Twenty-one alcohol-dependent subjects meeting admission criteria were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with 40 mg nalmefene, 10 mg nalmefene, or placebo, resulting in 7 patients/treatment group. Nalmefene was well tolerated, with no serious adverse drug reactions. The 40 mg group had a significantly lower rate of relapse (p < or = 0.05), and a greater increase in the number of abstinent days/week (p < or = 0.09), than the other treatment groups. A significant decrease in the number of drinks/drinking day was noted for both nalmefene groups (p < or = 0.04), but not for placebo. These results were supported by parallel decreases in ALT. These pilot data provide preliminary support for the hypotheses that nalmefene can be safely given to alcoholics, and that nalmefene may have a role in reducing alcohol consumption and preventing relapse, particularly at the 40 mg level. A full-scale study is underway to confirm these preliminary findings.