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Abstract: The surface of an orthopaedic implant plays a crucial role in determining the adsorption of proteins and cell functions. A detailed comparative study has been made of the in vitro osteoblast responses to coarse‐grained (grain size: 500 μm), ultrafine‐grained (grain size: 100 nm), coarse‐porous (pore size: 350 nm), and fine‐porous (pore size: 155 nm) surfaces of Ti‐20Mo alloy. The purpose was to provide essential experimental data for future design of orthopaedic titanium implants for rapid osseointegration. Systematic original experimental data was produced for each type of surfaces in terms of surface wettability, cell morphology, adhesion, growth, and differentiation. Microscopic evidence was collected to reveal the detailed interplay between each characteristic surface with proteins or cells. Various new observations were discussed and compared with literature data. It was concluded that the coarse‐porous surfaces offered the optimum topographical environment for osteoblasts and that the combination of ultrafine grains and considerable grain boundary areas is not an effective way to enhance cell growth and osteogenic capacity. Moreover, pore features (size and depth) have a greater effect than smooth surfaces on cell growth and osteogenic capacity. It proves that cells can discern the difference in pore size in the range of 100–350 nm. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2020–2033, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B virus ( HBV)-associated nephropathy is not a rare manifestation of HBV infection; this could result in diagnostic confusion and the possible misidentification of a diabetic patient with albuminuria. We present the first published case of a HBV-associated nephropathy occurring in a patient with diabetes. The patient was a 24-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with 4 days of generalized swelling and oliguria. He had a 3-year history of weight loss, and a 1-year history of polydipsia and polyuria before the symptoms of generalized swelling and oliguria appeared. Laboratory tests showed a fasting blood sugar of 15.1 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin of 18.1%. The 24-h urine protein excretion was 2807.8 mg and serum albumin was 19.1 g/L. The diagnosis of HBV-associated nephropathy was confirmed by serological evaluations of HBV antigen and antibodies, immunohistochemical evidence of HBV-related antigens, and immune complexes in renal biopsies. The decreased proteinuria was observed after antiviral therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]