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We performed a comparative, retrospective analysis (March 2019–April 2023) of children diagnosed with non‐polio enterovirus (NPEV) central nervous system (CNS) infections (n = 47 vs. 129 contemporaneous controls without NPEV, all <18 years old), requiring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing upon presentation to hospital. We found that showed that admissions decreased during pandemic restrictions (13% vs. controls 33%, p = 0.003). The median age of children with NPEV was 41 days (IQR: 18–72), most were male (n = 76, 59%) and were less likely to present with symptoms of irritability (11% vs. controls 26%, p = 0.04), but more likely to be febrile (93% vs. controls 73%, p = 0.007), have higher respiratory rates (mean 44 bpm, SD 11, vs. controls 36 bpm, SD 14, p = 0.001), higher heart rates (mean 171 bpm, SD 27 vs. controls 141 bpm, SD 36, p < 0.001), higher CSF protein (median 0.66 g/L, interquartile range [IQR] 0.46–1.01, vs. controls 0.53 mg/mL, IQR 0.28–0.89, p = 0.04), higher CSF white cell count (WCC) (median WCC 9.5×106/L, IQR 1–16 vs. controls 3.15×106/L, IQR 2.7–3.6, p < 0.001), but lower CSF glucose (median 2.8 mmol/L, IQR 2.4–3.1 vs. controls 3.1 mmol/L, IQR 2.7–3.6, p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these NPEVs originated from Europe (EV A71, CV B4, E21, E6, CV B3, CV B5, E7, E11, E18), North America (CV B4, E18), South America (E6), Middle East (CV B5), Africa (CV B5, E18), South Asia (E15), East/Southeast Asia (E25, CV A9, E7, E11, E18), and Australia (CV B5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is an emission mechanism whereby both singlet and triplet excitons can be harvested to produce light. Significant attention is devoted to developing TADF materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), while their use in other organic electronics applications such as sensors, has lagged. A family of TADF emitters, TPAPyAP, TPAPyBP, and TPAPyBPN containing a triphenylamine (TPA) donor and differing nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic pyrazine‐based acceptors is developed and systematically studied. Depending on the acceptor strength, these three compounds emit with photoluminescence maxima (λPL), of 516, 550, and 575 nm in toluene. Notably, all three compounds show a strong and selective spectral response to the presence of ZnCl2, making them the first optical TADF sensors for this analyte. It is demonstrated that these three emitters can be used in vacuum‐deposited OLEDs, which show moderate efficiencies. Of note, the device with TPAPyBPN in 2,8‐bis(diphenyl‐phoshporyl)‐dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PPT) host emits at 657 nm and shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 12.5%. This electroluminescence is significantly red‐shifted yet shows comparable efficiency compared to a device fabricated in 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP) host (λEL = 596 nm, EQEmax = 13.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs in genetically susceptible individuals due to certain environmental triggers causing destruction of insulin secreting beta cells. One of the environmental triggers studied recently in the pathogenesis and progression of T1DM is the role of gut microbiome. Objectives: (1) To compare the gut microbiome profile of T1DM children with healthy age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. (2) To assess the relationship of abundance of genera with glycemic control in children with T1DM. Methods: Cross‐sectional, case–control study. Sixty‐eight children with T1DM and 61 age‐, gender‐, and BMI‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini kit protocol and reagents were used for DNA isolation and Miseq sequencing platform for targeted gene sequencing. Results: Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed no significant differences in the abundance of microbes between the groups. At phylum level, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidota in both groups. Analysis of microbiome at the genera level showed that percentage abundance for Parasutterella was higher in children with T1DM as compared to the healthy group (p <.05). A linear regression analysis showed that increase in abundance of Haemophilus (adjusted R2 = −1.481 p <.007) was associated with a significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations (p <.05). Conclusion: Our comparative study of gut microbiome profile showed significant differences in the taxonomial composition between Indian children with T1DM and healthy controls. Short chain fatty acid producers may play an important role in glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic segmentation is the most effective and fast method to plan radiotherapy treatment in thoracic computed tomography (CT), as manual segmentation takes time and produces variability in the results. This article proposes a hybrid HCIU method to segment the thoracic organs at risk (OAR) using prior localization techniques. The dataset of 40 Patients containing 7420 slices of thoracic CT has been used to perform the experiment on the Google Colab Pro+ framework. HCIU constitutes a hybrid deep learning model for features extraction, a K‐mean algorithm to form the clusters based on the extracted features, and the ensemble UNET InceptionV3 model trained on the data of each cluster for the segmentation of OAR. With HCIU, we achieved an average dice score of 92.05%, 97.39%, 95.75%, and 96.45% for the esophagus, heart, trachea, and aorta. The average sensitivity and specificity values achieved were 98.38% and 97.43% on the test dataset. Also, statistical tests have been applied to each organ's pixel values for analyzing the model's segmented results. A hybrid method has been proposed to improve the localization in thoracic OAR segmentation in CT. The proposed method achieved precise accuracy in segmenting the four organs compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of team-based learning and a flipped classroom approach to enhance understanding of the posterior palatal seal (PPS) in dental education. The PPS is crucial for denture retention but can be challenging to visualize and record accurately. By combining active learning methods, such as team-based learning and flipped classroom, students were able to apply theoretical knowledge practically, foster critical thinking, and improve collaboration skills. The study suggests that this approach leads to increased student engagement and deeper learning, but further research is needed to explore its benefits and challenges across different student cohorts. [Extracted from the article]

Corannulene‐derived materials have been extensively explored in energy storage and solar cells, however, are rarely documented as emitters in light‐emitting sensors and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), due to low exciton utilization. Here, we report a family of multi‐donor and acceptor (multi‐D‐A) motifs, TCzPhCor, TDMACPhCor, and TPXZPhCor, using corannulene as the acceptor and carbazole (Cz), 9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐dimethylacridine (DMAC), and phenoxazine (PXZ) as the donor, respectively. By decorating corannulene with different donors, multiple phosphorescence is realized. Theoretical and photophysical investigations reveal that TCzPhCor shows room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from the lowest‐lying T1; however, for TDMACPhCor, dual RTP originating from a higher‐lying T1 (T1H) and a lower‐lying T1 (T1L) can be observed, while for TPXZPhCor, T1H‐dominated RTP occurs resulting from a stabilized high‐energy T1 geometry. Benefiting from the high‐temperature sensitivity of TPXZPhCor, high color‐resolution temperature sensing is achieved. Besides, due to degenerate S1 and T1H states of TPXZPhCor, the first corannulene‐based solution‐processed afterglow OLEDs is investigated. The afterglow OLED with TPXZPhCor shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) and a luminance (Lmax) of 3.3 % and 5167 cd m−2, respectively, which is one of the most efficient afterglow RTP OLEDs reported to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute inflammatory, mucocutaneous, psychosomatic, and vesiculobullous condition that varies from minor to major forms. The acral distribution of target lesions is a characteristic of this condition. The aetiology of erythema multiforme is multifactorial. 90% of the cases are triggered by a herpes infection, whereas 10% occur secondary to drug intake. The offending drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and anticonvulsants. The present case series discusses four cases of drug-induced erythema multiforme and their management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Oral mucosa is encountered by various lesions and normal variants. Some are not to be worried about, whereas others may be of significance. Knowing the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a particular region helps better evaluate, diagnose, and, thus, manage these lesions. Objectives. To assess the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions and normal variants among various age groups, genders, and sites of the orofacial region. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 2021 to March 2021. Three different proformas were designed according to age, gender, and location of lesions for entry as per the WHO's guide. The obtained data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet for frequency analysis by SPSS, and the results were tabulated. Results. Among the records of 16572 (9703 (58.55%) males and 6869 (41.44%) females) OPD patients, 3495 (21.08%) (1934 (55.33%) males and 1561 (44.66%) females) had OMLs and 2314 (13.96%) (1626 (70.26%) males and 688 (29.73%) females) had normal mucosal variants. The most commonly seen OML categories were tobacco-associated lesions, i.e., 2056 (34.07%), tongue lesions, i.e., 1598 (26.48%), oral potentially malignant disorders, i.e., 815 (13.50%), ulcers i.e., 728 (12.06%), and infectious lesions, i.e., 256 (4.24%). Conclusion. The Nepalese population has a wide range of oral mucosal lesions and normal variants, and this study has attempted to have baseline data for the same. The most common OML was smoker's melanosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel organocatalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of nitroolefins with glycosyl azides as well as organic azides has been developed for successful construction of 1,5‐disubstituted triazolyl glycoconjugates. This metal‐free and acid‐free, regioselective synthetic protocol proceeds in the presence of only Schreiner thiourea organocatalysts, which enable the required activation of nitroolefins through double hydrogen bonding. The straightforward, operationally simple, and regioselectivity of this methodology, complementing to the classical RuAAC catalyzed synthesis of 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles. In the presence of catalytic amount of Schreiner thiourea organocatalyst, organic azides react with a broad array of nitroolefins producing a series of diverse 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐ triazoles in good yields with excellent regioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) compounds are attractive as emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) as they can simultaneously harvest both singlet and triplet excitons to produce light in the device and show very narrow emission spectra, which translates to excellent color purity. Here, we report the first example of an MR‐TADF emitter (DOBDiKTa) that fuses together fragments from the two major classes of MR‐TADF compounds, those containing boron (DOBNA) and those containing carbonyl groups (DiKTa) as acceptor fragments in the MR‐TADF skeleton. The resulting molecular design, this compound shows desirable narrowband pure blue emission and efficient TADF character. The co‐host OLED with DOBDiKTa as the emitter showed a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 17.4 %, an efficiency roll‐off of 32 % at 100 cd m−2, and Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.14, 0.12). Compared to DOBNA and DiKTa, DOBDiKTa shows higher device efficiency with reduced efficiency roll‐off while maintaining a high color purity, which demonstrates the promise of the proposed molecular design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The S1 state and high‐lying triplet excited states (ΔES1Tn) offer insight into clarifying the mechanism of efficiency roll‐off of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, experimental detection of the ΔES1Tn is challenging due to Kasha's rule. Here, two emitters, PhCz‐O‐DiKTa and PhCz‐DiKTa, showing multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) are reported. By modulating the conjugation between the MR‐TADF DiKTa emissive center and donor substituent, emission directly from the T2 state is for the first time observed in MR‐TADF emitters. Single crystal and reduced density gradient analyses reveal the origin of the reduced observed concentration‐quenching results from weak CH···π and slipped π···π stacking interactions, which suppress nonradiative transitions. Theoretical and photophysical investigations reveal that the ΔES1T2 difference influences the reverse intersystem crossing rate. The OLEDs employing PhCz‐O‐DiKTa and PhCz‐DiKTa as emitters show maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of over 20%, but very different efficiency roll‐off behavior (54.5% vs 13.6% at 100 cd m−2). Thus, this design provides a possible solution to mitigating device efficiency roll‐off by designing MR‐TADF emitters with degenerate S1 and T2 states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper designed a protection scheme for utility grid with high share of renewable energy (RE) generated from wind energy and solar energy plants. This is based on extraction of features from the current using Stockwell transform (ST), Hilbert transform (HT), and alienation coefficient. A Stockwell index (SI) is designed by extracting current features using ST, a Hilbert index (HI) is designed by extracting current features using HT, and an alienation index (AI) is designed by extracting current features using an alienation coefficient. A fault index (FI) is formulated by multiplying the SI, HI, AI, and WF (weight factor). This FI is implemented for fault detection. Fault classification is achieved considering number of fault phases and ground fault index (GFI). This GFI is designed by processing zero sequence currents applying ST. GFI effectively identifies the ground involved during event of a fault. A designed protection scheme is effective to identify faults in the scenario of high RE share and during various cases of study which includes the variations of fault impedance, different fault occurrence angles (FOA), fault incident at different nodes, and noisy condition. This protection scheme effectively discriminates the fault events from the operational events such as feeder operation, load, and capacitor switching. Performance of hybrid protection method formulated in this paper is better relative to alienation coefficient-based protection scheme (ACPS) reported in literature. The ACPS has maximum error and mean error of fault detection equal to 9.54% and 5.99%, respectively, which is relatively high compared to the respective values for the proposed method which are 1.89% and 0.978%, respectively. ACPS is effective for detecting the fault events in noise level of 30 dB SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) whereas the proposed method effectively identifies the faults in the high noise scenario of 20 dB SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typical feature is the autosomal dominant heritance and clinically dormant, non‐scarpalble, white diffuse, soft, thickened white plaques with a corrugated surface affecting mostly the buccal mucosa bilaterally which can substantially lead to the diagnosis of white sponge nevus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity is causing an increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulting in global climate change. The use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in energy supply systems is one method of reducing GHG emissions. Three pulverized coal‐fired power stations near the Krishna–Godavari basin with and without CCS have been evaluated using the life cycle assessment and economical approach. Mono‐ethanolamine (MEA) postcombustion CO2 capture, compression, transportation with the pipeline, and storage in the Krishna–Godavari basin are all part of the CCS system. Up to 89% of power plants' CO2 emissions can potentially be reduced. The retrofitting of a CO2 capture unit into a power plant adds the most to emissions and the cost of the CCS system. There is a 66% rise in the electricity cost when CCS is implemented in an existing power station, with a capital cost of about US$3.4billion. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we demonstrate how judicious selection of the donor decorating a central multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) core based on DiKTa can lead to very high‐performance OLEDs. By decorating the DiKTa core with triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine (DPA), 3TPA‐DiKTa and 3DPA‐DiKTa exhibit bright, narrowband green and red emission in doped films, respectively. The OLEDs based on these emitters showed record‐high performance for this family of emitters with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 30.8 % for 3TPA‐DiKTa at λEL of 551 nm and 16.7 % for 3DPA‐DiKTa at λEL=613 nm. The efficiency roll‐off in the OLEDs was improved significantly by using 4CzIPN as an assistant dopant in hyperfluorescence (HF) devices. The outstanding device performance has been attributed to preferential horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moments of 3TPA‐DiKTa and 3DPA‐DiKTa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Recently, there has been a massive rise in the popularity of Instagram, which connects individuals globally and allows videos and images to be uploaded and exchanged, and communicated over social media. Instagram is also an online playground of deceit. The use of filters, lighting, and cunning angles transforms the mundane into something spectacular. Automated spam accounts and fake profiles use this to their malicious advantage for executing attacks targeting high‐profile executives. Creating fake Instagram identities is easy to reproduce the idea of being accepted by many fans on social media. Fake accounts are used in the marketing of fake services and products. This research focused on designing and training a unique neural network model and proposed a new algorithm for detecting automated spam and fake Instagram account profiles. The precision and accuracy of the proposed method were achieved at 93% and 91%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Solar light active oxygenation reactions and coenzyme regenerations are play crucial role in the area of pharmaceutical industry. The highly selective and efficient synthesis of oxygen‐containing molecules in an environmental friendly manner is challenging at both industrial and laboratory level. Here, we proposed a new synthetic approach for oxygenation reactions along with coenzyme regenerations using flexible‐activated carbon cloth (FACC) oriented covalent (C) tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (P) and thiourea (T)‐based framework (F), namely, CPTF@FACC photocatalyst. CPTF@FACC exhibits excellent solar light‐harvesting ability, well‐distinct photocatalytic centers, high molar extinction coefficient, excellent charge transport ability, and suitable optical band gap, which make the photocatalyst more efficient for oxygenation (sulfoxidation and epoxidation) reactions along with coenzyme regenerations. The oxygenation reactions were carried out in isopropyl alcohol via in situ production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under solar light using CPTF@FACC photocatalyst with high yields (~97%‐98%). Finally, the CPTF@FACC photocatalyst also show a benchmark example in the coenzymes regeneration with high yields 81.1% and 73.1% for NADH and NADPH in 2 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a tumor-like, non-neoplastic lesion of the soft tissue that commonly appears in the oral cavity. Various treatment modalities have been discussed, including surgical excision, cryosurgery, curettage, electrodessication, corticosteroid injection, sclerotherapy, and lasers. This observational retrospective study compared effectiveness between diode lasers and sclerotherapy for PG treatment. Materials and Methods. From July 2016 to January 2021, data of oral PG cases treated with sclerotherapy and diode lasers were gathered. Patients were evaluated and categorized according to their gender, sex, site of lesions, size of lesions, number of sessions, details of side effects, details of the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) on third postoperative day, response of treatment to individual groups, time required for complete resolution, and details of recurrence. Inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results. We included 73 patients, of whom 43 and 30 received laser and sclerotherapy treatment, respectively. Compared with the sclerotherapy group, the laser group had less side effects including pain, edema, ulceration, ecchymosis, infections, and scarring. The difference in postoperative pain (VAS scale) between the groups was statistically significant (p -value 0.004). Complete remission was seen in the laser group, while 3 cases of the sclerotherapy group had no response (p -value −0.034). The laser group experienced greater recurrence than did the sclerotherapy group. Conclusions. Both sclerotherapy with laser and 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate are effective for treating oral PG. Sclerotherapy is more effective in preventing recurrence. In terms of side effects, diode lasers are superior to sclerotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Vascular malformations are structural abnormalities which are formed by progressively enlarging aberrant and ecstatic vessels without endothelial cell proliferation and composed of the type of vessel involved, i.e., capillary, veins, and arteriovenous. Treatment of vascular malformations may involve many techniques like sclerotherapy, embolization, surgical resection, cryotherapy, laser treatment, or medical therapy. This observational prospective study is aimed at evaluating and comparing the effects and efficacy of diode laser and sclerotherapy in the treatment of oral vascular malformation. Materials and Methods. 40 patients presenting with oral vascular malformation were included in the present study. The patients were divided equally (20 in each) into two groups, i.e., the laser group and sclerotherapy group. Sclerotherapy was performed with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate while the laser group was treated with diode laser 980 nm with transmucosal thermophotocoagulation. The patients were assessed for the response, remission, and side effects. The results obtained were tabulated and compared with the chi-square test. Results. Side effects were found significantly lesser in the laser group compared to the sclerotherapy group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant difference was seen for postoperative pain between two groups. The laser group had mild to moderate pain compared to severe pain in the sclerotherapy group. Recurrence was observed more in the laser group compared to the sclerotherapy group. Conclusions. Laser and sclerotherapy with 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate both are effective in the treatment of vascular malformations. Diode laser seems to be better than sclerotherapy given lesser side effects and comfort to the patients while sclerotherapy seems to be better in respect to recurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) originating from higher‐lying triplet excitons remains a rather rarely documented occurrence for purely organic molecular systems. Here, we report two naphthalene‐based RTP luminophores whose phosphorescence emission is enabled by radiative decay of high‐lying triplet excitons. In contrast, upon cooling the dominant phosphorescence originates from the lowest‐lying triplet excited state, which is manifested by a red‐shifted emission. Photophysical and theoretical studies reveal that the unusual RTP results from thermally activated excitonic coupling between different conformations of the compounds. Aggregation‐regulated excitonic coupling is observed when increasing the doping concentration of the emitters in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). Further, the RTP quantum efficiency improves more than 80‐fold in 1,3‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) compared to that in PMMA. This design principle offers important insight into triplet excited state dynamics and has been exploited in afterglow‐indicating temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Panoramic radiograph is the first and most commonly advised radiograph for screening of temporomandibular joints/condyles. Different shapes of the mandible have been discussed by various authors with no consensus for a definite classification for condyle shape. This study was conducted with the objective to observe various shapes of condyles, symmetry of bilateral condyles, and variations of condyle shapes among males and females. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on digital panoramic radiographs available at a tertiary center of Lalitpur from 25.12.2020 to 20.06.2021 after ethical approval from the institutional review board (reference no. 077/078/27). Panoramic radiographs were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and various shapes of condyles were noted on HP 15 inch flat LED monitor (1280 × 1024). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS (chi-square test: a p value of < 0.05 was considered significant). Intra- and interobserver agreement was observed for condylar shapes. Results. Among the selected 850 panoramic radiographs (1700 condyles), most of them, i.e., 1343 (79%), were round/oval, followed by flattened, i.e., 149 (8.76%), diamond/angled, i.e., 93 (5.47%), crooked finger shaped, i.e., 28 (1.6%), and mixed, i.e., 46 (2.7%), and the least common shape observed was bifid, i.e., 40 (2.3%) (18 (2.1%) left condyle and 22 (2.6%) right condyle). Conclusions. Six different types of condyle shapes were noted: type I, oval; type II, flat; type III, diamond; type IV, mixed; type V, bifid; and type VI, crooked finger among the study population of Lalitpur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia can be seen in a non‐denture‐wearing patient also therfore other etiologies need to be explored as well. Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) is a benign lesion of the palatal mucosa, usually found in denture wearers. This case history report describes an example of the dentate patients with no history of wearing maxillary prostheses and highlights the importance of professional awareness to diagnose IPH among non‐denture‐wearing patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers have gained an extensive application due to their versatility of properties and benefits. Hence, the polymer blends and composites reinforced with different infusions at different scales, macro to nanofillers, can be fabricated, leading to specific tailormade applications. The main objective of this investigation is to overview the various studies carried out to reuse the waste materials like electroplating sludge, fly ash, etc. For the development of construction materials. This paper summarizes the use of polymers in composite material formulations for the development of building materials such as lightweight concrete, protective coatings, paver blocks, bricks, and structural components. Different tests, namely viscosity, density, flash point, amine value, and epoxy equivalent weight, were performed on polymers to find their suitability as binder materials. Various laboratory tests such as compressive strength, water absorption, tear resistance, flexural strength, and split tensile tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the developed materials. By using polymers with the addition of sustainable filler and waste materials, the replacement of costly raw material can be achieved by more than 50% in the case of paver blocks, up to 60% in bitumen-polymer composite, 80% in case of lightweight concrete and polymer-based panels. This insight gives the framework for the selection of different materials, optimization of combining ratio of materials, and their testing for the development of polymer-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (S‐g‐CN) has gained significant attention in recent years. Sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (S‐g‐CN) is a promising metal‐free photocatalyst because of its band orientation, natural abundance and groundwork. Improved photocatalytic activity of S‐g‐CN material for solar chemical production persists a hot yet challenging problem. Herein, we provide an adaptable method for the synthesis of S‐g‐CN nanocomposite decorated with the moiety of giant polyoxometalate (S‐g‐CN/Mo‐368) that subsequently showed highly efficient photocatalytic activity. The as‐synthesized S‐g‐CN/Mo‐368 as a recyclable artificial photocatalyst revealed excellent activity for solar chemical production, that is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) regeneration under visible light. The immobilized Mo‐368 on the S‐g‐CN surface increased the visible light adsorption capacity of the S‐g‐CN/Mo‐368 photocatalyst. The visible light absorption activity, morphology, element compositions, particle size and zeta potential of S‐g‐CN powder and S‐g‐CN/Mo‐368 were thoroughly investigated. From the application point of view, S‐g‐CN/Mo‐368 was applied to determine the solar chemical production (i.e. NADH regeneration) under visible light with a higher yield% of about ~ 94.85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced an advanced algorithm making hybrid use of Stockwell transform (ST), Hilbert transform (HT) and Alienation coefficient (ACF) for identification, classification and to locate faulty events on transmission line. Signals of Current are processed by application of ST, HT and ACF for computing S‐index, H‐index and A‐index, respectively. These indices are multiplied element by element to compute proposed fault index (FI). A threshold magnitude is decided after testing the algorithm during different fault scenarios and faulty events are recognized when FI exceeds this threshold magnitude. Faults are categorized by identifying the number of phases which are faulty in nature and a ground fault index (GFI). GFI is designed by processing the zero sequence current using ST and used to identify involvement of ground during fault event. A mathematical formulation is framed to estimate location of faults on transmission line. Fault location has been estimated with a mean error less than 1%. Investigated faults include phase to ground (PGF), double phase (PPF), double phase to ground (PPGF) and three phase to ground (TPGF). Algorithm is found effective for faulty scenario such as fault impedance variations, fault incidence angle (FIA) variations, reverse power flow, effect of line loading, effect of noise, transient faults, off‐nominal frequency, and presence of harmonic components. Algorithm is also effective for discriminating switching transients from faulty conditions. Effective performance of the algorithm is established by comparing with fault detection and classification approach based on alienation coefficients, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and time‐frequency approach. Study is performed on a two terminal transmission line in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Effectiveness of the algorithm is also established on a real time transmission grid of Rajasthan state of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient photocatalytic regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) has been carried out by two‐electron reduction and protonation of NAD+/NADP+, induced by photons in the visible light region. This functional artificial photosynthetic counterpart of the complete energy‐trapping occurring in natural photosystem I (PS I) is achieved with nitrogen‐enrich graphene quantum dot (N‐EGQD) as the light‐harvesting photocatalyst. In buffer aqueous solution, this compound photo catalytically recycles a rhodium hydride complex of the type [Cp*Rh(bpy)H]+ (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) which can mediate hydride transfer processes leading to nucleotide co‐factor reduction. Very promising yields of 73.31%/78.45% of NADH/NADPH with the excellent thermal stability of N‐EGQD photocatalyst is observed. Thus, in this work, an efficient light‐harvesting photocatalyst is synthesized for the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor that has pharmaceuticals application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Oral health is dependent on the knowledge and awareness of the individuals. Teachers as individuals influence the children in every aspect including oral health maintenance. The objective of this study was to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, practices, and oral health status among school teachers in Chitwan District, Nepal. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 school teachers of private and government schools in Chitwan District, to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and oral health status. Descriptive analysis was done and data were analyzed using chi-square. A five-point Likert Scale was applied to compute knowledge, attitude, and practices of the school teachers. Results. Most of the school teachers had good knowledge about periodontal diseases in comparison to dental caries. Private school (20.7% : 57) teachers had higher good oral health knowledge as compared to government school teachers (9.8% : 27). An almost equal percentage of private and government teachers (73.5% : 202 and 74.2% : 204, respectively) were found with fair knowledge about oral health. Males had a higher percentage for good oral health knowledge as compared to females. Conclusion. There is an incredible need to improve oral health knowledge and attitude among school teachers concerning different problems of the oral cavity and the avoidance of dental diseases. These enhancements can be applied through regular training of teachers by oral health seminars, materials, and other such types of methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A global challenge faced by light harvesting photocatalyst is how to promote the selective organic transformation, such as C‐S bond formation via radical–radical coupling under solar light. Here, we report a two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs), poly (perylene‐imide‐benzoquinone) nanorod through in situ condensation on flexible activated carbon cloth (PPIBNR‐FACC) to function as a light harvester material for highly selective radical–radical coupling to vinyl sulfides (i.e. C‐S bond activation). Such a structure supports charge transfer from PPIBNR to FACC, which is essential for the selective radical–radical coupling. Hence, organic transformation is attaining high yields and selectivity (˜99%) under solar light using in situ prepared PPIBNR‐FACC photocatalyst. The structural virtues of PPIBNR‐FACC will trigger the utmost investigations into designable and versatile 2D‐COFs for fine chemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The posterior region of the mandible is more often related to iatrogenic errors, but the interforaminal region is also not spared for neurovascular complications. This study aimed to use CBCT images to evaluate the prevalence of anterior nerve looping and its variations with age, gender, and dentition status. Methods. This retrospective study was carried out by studying 600 CBCT scans retrieved from archival records of a CBCT center in Lucknow. The scans were inspected by two trained investigators. The length of the anterior loop was measured using the measuring tool of Carestream 3D imaging software. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed. Results. The prevalence of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve was found to be 56%. The prevalence was found to be more on the right side (29.0%) compared to the left side (27.0%). The most common anterior looping of the inferior alveolar nerve was type 3 followed by type 1. Males were found to have significantly higher loops compared to females. The number of loops was found to decrease significantly with age. The mean length of the loop was found to vary from 1.14 to 1.61 mm. Conclusion. The anterior looping of IAN is very much prevalent in the Lucknow population. The use of the CBCT technique and appropriate preplanning prior to surgery or implant placement should be performed to prevent nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective radical‐radical coupling of terminal alkynes and thiol has been broadly used in chemical synthesis, providing plausible entries to the formation of anti‐Markovnikov products. Because of the selective control and Kharasch effect, the formation of Markovnikov products still remains an immense challenge. Herein, we designed a covalent organic polymer, poly(naphthalene 1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic dianhydrideimide‐benzoquinone) through in situ polymerization on activated flexible carbon cloth to function as a light harvester material for selective Markovnikov radical‐radical coupling of terminal alkynes and thiol. Mechanistic explorations verified that cross‐coupling between radical of terminal alkynes and thiol might be the key route in this organic transformation, such as C—S bond formation. This selective radical‐radical Markovnikov of cross‐coupling protocol provide an opportunity to assist the synthesis of valuable vinyl sulfide. Additionally, the synthesized material has been explored as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensor for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 vol% LPG, respectively. At 2.0 vol% LPG, it shows maximum sensor response as 635.29. Least response and recovery times are 2.44 and 1.0 s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing popularity of the electric vehicles (EVs) is due to various environmental impacts of the gasoline‐/diesel‐based vehicles over the past few decades. EVs are commercialized in various parts of world but their full‐scale commercialization has not yet attained. Despite of many advantages, challenges associated with the use of EVs are their range anxiety, slow charging, and the performance/cost of battery. A thorough review from the year 2006 to 2020 is conducted in the field of battery management system (BMS). Herein, various functions, advantages, and disadvantages of methods used in BMS for cell balancing, thermal management, and protection of battery against over‐voltage and over current, estimation of state of health, and estimation of state of charge of battery are discussed. Additionally, critical gaps are identified and a framework for design of an efficient BMS is proposed. The deployment of advanced intelligent and smart technologies such as digital‐twin of battery pack, cyber‐physical systems, battery swapping technology, nondestructive testing, self‐reconfigurable batteries, and prudent recycling/reusability using automation are also discussed. In‐brief, critical gaps; advanced technologies and framework that researchers can use to develop comprehensive systems comprising advanced BMS; real‐time battery monitoring, and battery reusability and recycling; as a whole complete unit are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the characterization of rotaxanes based on a carbazole‐benzophenone thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminophore. We find that the mechanical bond leads to an improvement in key photophysical properties of the emitter, notably an increase in photoluminescence quantum yield and a decrease in the energy difference between singlet and triplet states, as well as fine tuning of the emission wavelength, a feat that is difficult to achieve when using covalently bound substituents. Computational simulations, supported by X‐ray crystallography, suggest that this tuning of properties occurs due to weak interactions between the axle and the macrocycle that are enforced by the mechanical bond. This work highlights the benefits of using the mechanical bond to refine existing luminophores, providing a new avenue for emitter optimization that can ultimately increase the performance of these molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing sialometaplasia can make anyone very anxious about the lesion especially if they have habit of tobacco consumption. It requires a prompt diagnosis, counseling with assurance to patient and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is seen increasing globally and is diagnosed and monitored on basis of invasive blood investigations. Salivary glands are affected in diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess ultrasonographic measurements of parotid glands and correlate with the glycosylated hemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetic mellitus and duration of type 2 diabetic mellitus and treatment regimens. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted on 50 subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus and on 50 healthy controls. After HbA1C analysis of selected individuals, 100 individuals were grouped into group I (above 5.7) and group II (below 5.7). Ultrasonographic measurements (length (L), transverse dimension (TD), depth lateral to the mandible (DLM), and depth dorsal to the mandible (DDM)) of bilateral parotid glands were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test of significance and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results. On correlation with measurement of right (L, DLM, DDM) and left (TD, DLM, DDM) of parotid glands with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we found a moderate positive relationship, whereas as for right (TD) and left (L), we found a low-positive relationship. Similarly, for right (L, TD, DLM, DDM) and left (TD, DDM) parotid glands with HbA1C, we found a low-positive relationship, whereas for left parotid gland (L, DLM) with HbA1C, we found a moderate positive relationship. The mean DLM of right and left parotids in the insulin group was found to be slightly more than that in the combined group which was statistically insignificant. Conclusion. Ultrasonographic measurements of parotid glands were found to be higher in study subjects as compared to control subjects, and they increased with increased HbA1C levels; also, there was no difference in treatment regimen. Ultrasonography could be a prospective diagnostic test for detection and monitoring of diabetes mellitus, and still further studies are required for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peters anomaly is a rare, congenital eye malformation characterized by an opaque cornea and blurred vision. Central corneal opacification can lead to delayed progression of visual development caused by defects in Descemet membrane and the posterior stroma. These children require several anesthetics for multiple eye examinations under anesthesia and corneal transplantation. Aims: We sought to review the anesthetic management of patients with Peters anomaly for ophthalmologic procedures at Westchester Medical Center, a major referral center for Peters anomaly. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed which included pediatric patients who underwent ophthalmologic procedures related to Peters anomaly from 2013‐2018. Results: The charts of 35 patients with Peters anomaly were reviewed: 14 patients with Peters anomaly Type I, 10 patients with Peters anomaly Type II, and 11 patients with Peters plus syndrome. Thirty patients required three procedures on average, two examinations under anesthesia pre‐ and post‐transplant, and anesthesia for the corneal transplant itself. The youngest patient encountered for examination under anesthesia was 39‐week postconceptual age. Anesthetic time for examination under anesthesia averaged 31 minutes using a laryngeal mask airway while corneal transplant averaged 104 minutes utilizing endotracheal intubation. Postanesthesia care unit stay averaged 51 minutes following examination under anesthesia and 65 minutes after corneal transplant. All examinations under anesthesia were successfully completed without adverse events with the use of a laryngeal mask airway. This case series includes two patients with Goldenhar syndrome and Al‐Gazali syndrome accompanying Peters anomaly. Conclusion: Although limited by its retrospective nature, this case series describes the cardiac and systemic implications of patients undergoing anesthesia with Peters anomaly. Our experience indicates that general anesthesia and airway manipulation are tolerated with minor postoperative concerns in these infants. Pediatric patients with Peters anomaly require multiple anesthetics for repeated ophthalmologic interventions. The laryngeal mask airway can be routinely utilized in infants less than 3 months of age for an eye examination under anesthesia with no airway complications noted. Perioperative providers should be aware of the multisystemic implications in patients with Peters plus syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectoral muscle segmentation is a very important step in any Computer Aided Detection (CAD) system, for automatic detection of different possible signs of malignancy in the mammographic image. Presence of high‐density glandular tissues overlapping pectoral muscle boundary, presence of pectoral muscle of small size and low density, presence of pectoralis minor etc., poses a great challenge for researchers working on the problem of automatic pectoral muscle boundary detection. Gabor filter has been used by many researchers to detect textural edges. The ability that it can be tuned along a particular direction, makes it a very important image processing tool. In the proposed research work a Gabor filter tuned in the direction of pectoral muscle boundary is applied on the region of interest (ROI) containing pectoral muscle. Finally, the magnitude and phase response of Gabor filtered ROI image along with an edge‐connect and region merge algorithm is used to detect pectoral muscle boundary. The proposed method is validated using 200 mammograms from the miniMIAS database and 200 mammograms from INbreast database. With an accuracy of 97.50% for miniMIAS database and 94.50% for INbreast database, the proposed method outperforms many state‐of‐the‐art methods which show its suitability for CAD Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Many cases are diagnosed on autopsy and a subset of patients may require surgical intervention either due to the complication or sequelae of TB. Materials and Methods. 40 cases of resected lung specimens following surgery or autopsy in which a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made were included. Histopathological pattern analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis along with associated nonneoplastic changes and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli was done. Results. The mean age of diagnosis was 41 years with male predominance (92.5%). Tuberculosis was suspected in only 12.1% of cases before death. Seven cases were operated upon due to associated complications or suspicion of malignancy. Tubercular consolidation was the most frequent pattern followed by miliary tuberculosis. The presence of necrotizing granulomas was seen in 33 cases (82.5%). Acid fast bacilli were seen in 57.5% cases on Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Conclusion. Histopathology remains one of the most important methods for diagnosing tuberculosis, especially in TB prevalent areas. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all respiratory diseases because of its varied clinical presentations and manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a neurocutaneous syndrome, is characterized by the development of benign tumours affecting different body systems. We herein present a report of a 40-year-old female patient presenting with dental enamel pits and localized gingival overgrowth that eventually lead to the diagnosis of a case of familial TSC. Diagnosis of familial TSC by comprehensive oral examination and detection of oral manifestations proved to be inevitable as it resulted in institution of appropriate treatment strategies and genetic counselling of the affected family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a study on the accelerated determination of the relaxivities of the contrast agent (CA) Magnevist in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Topics discussed include dependency of image contrast in 1H MRI on several factors such as the longitudinal and the transverse relaxation time, concentration dependency of different dilutions of Magnevist on induced chemical shifts and the calculation of longitudinal and transverse relaxivities using chemical shifts.

Here, a new amphiphilic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, a GdIII-chelated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugated to two branched alkyl chains via a dopamine spacer, Gd-DTPA-dopamine-bisphytanyl (Gd-DTPA-Dop-Phy), which is readily capable of self-assembling into liposomal nanoassemblies upon dispersion in an aqueous solution, is reported. In vitro relaxivities of the dispersions were found to be much higher than Magnevist, a commercially available contrast agent, at 0.47 T but comparable at 9.40 T. Analysis of variable temperature 17O NMR transverse relaxation measurements revealed the water exchange of the nanoassemblies to be faster than that previously reported for paramagnetic liposomes. Molecular reorientation dynamics were probed by 1H NMRD profiles using a classical inner and outer sphere relaxation model and a Lipari-Szabo 'model-free' approach. High payloads of GdIII ions in the liposomal nanoassemblies made solely from the Gd-DTPA-Dop-Phy amphiphiles, in combination with slow molecular reorientation and fast water exchange makes this novel amphiphile a suitable candidate to be investigated as an advanced MRI contrast agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variety of compounds present in chemically defined media as well as media supplements makes it difficult to use a mechanistic approach to study the effect of supplement composition on culture functionality. Typical supplements, such as soy protein hydrolysates contain peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and saponins. To study the relative contribution of these compound classes, a set of hydrolysates were produced, containing 58-83% proteinaceous material and 5-21% carbohydrates. While the content of the different compounds classes varied, the composition (e.g., peptide profiles, carbohydrate composition) did not vary in hydrolysates. The hydrolysates were supplemented to a chemically defined medium in cell culture, based on equal weight and on equal protein levels. The latter showed that an increase in the carbohydrate concentration significantly (P value < 0.004) increased integral viable cell density (IVCD) (R = 0.7) and decreased total IgG (R = −0.7) and specific IgG production (R = −0.9). The extrapolation of effects of protein concentration showed that an increase in protein concentration increased total and specific IgG production and suppressed IVCD. In addition to proteins and carbohydrates, the functionality of soy protein hydrolysates may be modulated by the presence of other minor compounds. In the current study, the large differences in the balance between total proteins and total carbohydrates in the supplemented media seem to be a main factor influencing the balance between the viable cell density, total IgG, and specific IgG production. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1396-1405, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relaxation theory often forms the basis of various studies, like MRI contrast agents and ionic liquids, which require the understanding of the molecular dynamics or determination of molecular parameters (such as correlation times) or both. Such studies compare the explicit expressions of the relaxation times T1 and T2, derived many years ago by quantum physicists, with their experimental findings to understand various aspects of the molecular motion. However, because of the complicated terminology and widely scattered information, the task of understanding or re-deriving the relaxation theory for even the simplest cases becomes challenging for many students and researchers new to this field. In this article, the dipolar relaxation theory for the basic, yet practical case of a two spin system is presented with a detailed description of the concepts behind it. Aiming at a beginner level and making only modest assumptions on prior knowledge, we have discussed the basics of the quantum mechanics, spherical harmonics, stochastic processes and perturbation theories. It is hoped that this article will enable the reader to understand the general framework of the relaxation theory and will be beneficial in comprehending the relaxation in more complex systems as well, which is not discussed here. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 44A: 74-113, 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of water-soluble spider-like receptor molecules has been developed by the Schiff-base condensation of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) with various 2,6-diformylphenol (dfp) derivatives. The products were assessed for their anion sensing properties. Among these, the receptor with a methoxy substituent showed selective fluorescent sensing towards adenosine-5 ′-triphosphate (ATP) and cytidine-5′-triphosphate (CTP) in contrasting modes in 100 % aqueous media at pH 7.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Sex steroid hormones play an important regulatory role in fat metabolism and obesity. We hypothesized involvement of interactions between ovarian hormones with acylation stimulating protein ( ASP). Design, patients and measurements In 392 women with wide age (18-69 years) and body size ( BMI: 17 to 90 kg/m2) ranges, fasting plasma levels of ASP, ovarian hormones, glucose, adiponectin and lipids/apolipoproteins were assessed, along with determination of metabolic syndrome ( MS) features. Gene expression of C3 ( ASP precursor) and related receptors C5 L2, C3a R and C5a R in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues was measured in a subset. Results Acylation stimulating protein correlated negatively with concentrations of estradiol ( P < 0·0001), adiponectin ( P < 0·001) and apolipoprotein A1 ( P < 0·001) and positively with apolipoprotein B levels ( P < 0·001), systolic blood pressure ( P < 0·001), waist circumference ( P < 0·001), and triglyceride concentrations ( P < 0·01). In age-matched groups of lean, overweight, metabolically healthy obese ( MHO) and obese with metabolic syndrome ( MSO), there was a stepwise increase in ASP levels ( P < 0·001) while concentrations of adiponectin ( P < 0·0001) and estradiol ( P < 0·001) but not those of progesterone decreased. Progesterone but not estradiol levels correlated positively with C3 gene expression in omental adipose tissue ( P < 0·05) and negatively with C5 L2 expression in both omental ( P < 0·01) and subcutaneous ( P < 0·05) adipose tissues. Conclusion Our results are consistent with the concept that sex hormones differentially influence circulating ASP and adipose tissue gene expression of its related proteins in a depot-specific manner. ASP may play a role in the regulation of regional fat metabolism through interactions with sex hormones in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work we have reported the optimized ground state geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, NMR chemical shifts, NBO analysis, and molecular electrostatic potential surface map of the title compound using DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(2d, 2p) level of theory. We have compared our calculated results with the experimentally obtained values and found that both are in close agreement with each other. We have used the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) approach to calculate the NMR (13C and 1H) chemical shifts using Gaussian 09 package. TD-DFT (time-dependent DFT) approach has been used to simulate the electronic spectra of the title compound in order to account for excited states. Other molecular properties such as HOMO-LUMO energies, NBO analysis, and PED distribution analysis have been studied and reported using DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(2d, 2p) level of theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue receptors C5aR and C5L2 and their heterodimerization/functionality and interaction with ligands C5a and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have been evaluated in cell and rodent studies. Their contribution to obesity factors in humans remains unclear. We hypothesized that C5a receptors, classically required for host defense, are also associated with adiposity. Anthropometry and fasting blood parameters were measured in 136 women divided by body mass index (BMI): normal/overweight (⩽30 kg/m2; n = 34), obese I (⩽45 kg/m2; n = 33), obese II (⩽51 kg/m2; n = 33), and obese III (⩽80 kg/m2; n = 36). Subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue C5aR and C5L2 expression were analysed. C5L2 expression was comparable between subcutaneous and omental across all BMI groups. Plasma ASP and ASP/omental C5L2 expression increased with BMI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, resp.).While plasma C5a was unchanged, C5aR expression decreased with increasing BMI in subcutaneous and omental tissues (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, resp.), with subcutaneous omental depots. Omental C5L2/C5aR ratio increased with BMI (P < 0.01) with correlations between C5L2/C5aR and waist circumference, HDL-C, and adiponectin. Tissue and BMI differences in receptors and ligands, particularly in omental, suggest relationship to metabolic disturbances and highlight adipose-immune interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]