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As the longest established non‐Christian minority group in the UK, the history of Jewish archives in this country has a particular significance. Following the readmission of the Jews to England in the 1650s, Jewish created archives exist, though through communal neglect and the blitz they are uneven in coverage until the later eighteenth century. Only by the end of the nineteenth century were conscious efforts made by British Jewry to preserve its own heritage. Our chapter focuses on the formal efforts post‐1945 to locate, collect and preserve Jewish archives from slow and uncertain beginnings to the situation in the first decades of the 20 first century when there are major collections of Jewish archives in the University of Southampton and the London Metropolitan Archives, successful local and regional initiatives, as well as projects enabling a more inclusive Jewish archive such as that of the Liberal Synagogue's Rainbow Jews to document and record the LGBTQ+ experience. It concludes that Jewish archive preservation in the UK is a story more of success than failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clastic sediment composition constitutes a key archive of Earth history, controlled by allogenic and autogenic processes that impact weathering, erosion, sediment transfer, and deposition. Deciphering those processes can provide valuable insights into ancient and modern tectonic, geomorphic, climatic, and anthropogenic controls that shape sediment routing systems over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. However, in order to clearly identify the controls on sediment composition, it is necessary to exclude sources of bias that may mask or diminish the original provenance signal. Such biases may be natural, including mineral fertility, sediment recycling, and grain size, or analytical. This special collection arises from the fifth meeting of the working group on sediment generation held at the University Milano‐Bicocca in Milan, Italy, from 28 to 30 June 2022. The collation includes studies that investigate biasing factors affecting all steps of the sediment cascade and all stages of sample collection, preparation, and analysis, as well as case studies that aim to disentangle original provenance signals from geological, environmental, or analytical noise. Plain Language Summary: This text introduces the special collection collating contributions arising from the fifth meeting of the working group on sediment generation (WGSG), held at the University Milano‐Bicocca in Milan, Italy, from 28 to 30 June 2022. The WGSG aims at contributing to the understanding of siliciclastic sediment generation. Sediment composition reflects the tectonic, geomorphic, climatic, and anthropogenic characteristics of the Earth surface. Sedimentary successions therefore provide the possibility to interpret ancient Earth surface conditions. The theme of this fifth special collection is the identification and mitigation of natural and analytical bias, that may arise, for example, through the subjective selection of sampling sites or analytical techniques. Bias can create noise, which may prevent the correct interpretation of past Earth surface conditions. The collation includes studies that investigate specific biasing factors, as well as case studies that aim to disentangle original compositional signals from analytical and environmental noise. Key Points: Numerous biasing factors and processes exist that complicate the understanding of source‐to‐sink relationshipsBias is defined as any systematic error that is introduced by selecting specific samples, proxies, or procedures17 papers dealing with natural and methodological/analytical biases are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gough Whitlam was deeply committed to the preservation of history, and keenly attuned to the importance of the documentary record in the writing of it. For Whitlam, the written record — the contemporaneous documentary record of government activity — was central to the production of historical knowledge and the "verification" of history. As he reflected on the release of his government's 1975 Cabinet papers, "the publication of these records confirms my belief in the contemporary document as the primary source for writing and understanding history". This paper takes us through the shifting historiography of the dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor‐General Sir John Kerr. In doing so, it is a reflection also on the role of archives in the writing of history, recognising as Peters does, that the construction of an archival record is "a deeply political act". This is particularly so for contested, polarised, episodes — of which the dismissal is surely the exemplar — for which archival records have been transformative. In this process of historical correction, revelations from Kerr's papers in the National Archives of Australia have been pivotal. Kerr's papers were also central to my successful legal action against the Archives securing the release of the "Palace letters" between Kerr and the Queen regarding the dismissal. This paper explores some critical "archival encounters" during that research journey — revelations, obstructions, missing archives, and even burnt archives. From the destruction of Whitlam's security file, missing Government House guestbooks, the denial of access to records, to royal letters of support for Kerr's dismissal of Whitlam "accidentally burnt" in the Yarralumla incinerator, these encounters illuminate the critical relationship between archives, access, and history which continue to shape our understanding of the dismissal of the Whitlam government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginnings of food production—animal husbandry and crop cultivation—and of a sedentary way of life represent one of the most drastic changes in human history. Likewise, this is accompanied by an increasing human impact on nature, which is mainly caused by agricultural practices. Agriculture is related to the clearing of forests, tillage, maintenance of the cultivated land, and finally harvesting, which alters not only the vegetation cover but also soil fertility as there is a potential risk for a loss of nutrients. People already countered this loss of nutrients in the times of early agriculture through different techniques and practices. The article summarizes the earliest evidence of fertilization in the prehistory of Central Europe and presents the most important methods for their investigation. What significance fertilization had for early farming societies can presently not be estimated due to the small amount of data. We therefore advocate the development of a routine for sampling during archaeological excavations and for the analysis of various materials (sediment and plant remains) using various methods. For this, the awareness must be raised that anthropogenic sediments, such as pit fills, are important archives for research into the history of humankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of New Labour is highly politicised, deployed either for its policy lessons (good or bad) or as a weapon in Labour's factional struggles. But, just as historians in the 1990s reassessed the premierships of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, so the distance of time and the opening of archives offers an opportunity to reappraise New Labour as history. Such work raises five methodological challenges: the lack of sufficient distance from the subject to tell whether policy innovations will remain popular and permanent; the long shadow the Iraq war casts over this whole period; the deluge of data and sources available; the continuing and controversial part that key actors, such as Tony Blair, are still playing; and the lack of expertise any one author will inevitably face in some policy areas. This article addresses each of those difficulties in turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of archives in preserving and controlling Jewish culture. The author argues that archives are not neutral spaces, but rather reflect the power dynamics and control of those who establish and maintain them. The article examines several key Jewish archives, including the Gesamtarchiv der deutschen Juden in Berlin, the Jewish History General Archive in Jerusalem, and the American Jewish Archive in Cincinnati. The author also explores the challenges of establishing archives in post-Holocaust Germany and the efforts to digitize archival collections. The article raises important questions about the role of archives in shaping narratives of Jewish history and culture. [Extracted from the article]

Two hundred years of constant and deliberate disruption, dislocation and mistreatment of First Peoples has not just been experienced individually but collectively between generations and across communities. The legacy of discriminatory treatment continues for many First Peoples in archives where their stories are still locked in police files, exemption files, child welfare reports and in some instances privately owned records, meaning they are not always able to locate their story or own their identity. People whose family members were impacted by government policies (such as exemption) need to undertake extensive archival research in order to know their family history. This paper describes how the author combined auto‐ethnographic description of her personal experience of archival research with documentary evidence to create a personal and historical narrative. This narrative has been captured in a "her‐storical biography", a cultural artefact meant for family. This paper argues that the First Nations re‐authoring of colonial narratives described here might work as a model for people looking for family her‐stories of exemption in the written archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the topological entanglements between the naturalistic field and natural history archives, arguing that the spatial categories of 'field' and 'archive' should be considered in terms of their indexical relations. Conceptually, it points to the prosthetic qualities of the archive, namely its capacity to simultaneously delimit and expand the field by facilitating novel ways of seeing and knowing it. The field, in turn, is a necessary source of plant and animal matter without which there is no archive. Bringing together geographical literatures on 'field' and 'archive' with literature on cultures and practices of collecting, this intervention is at once conceptual and empirical. The conceptual debate is hinged to, and inspired by, the practices of collecting, classifying, and ordering Arctic ecologies by the three Oxford University Arctic Expeditions to Spitsbergen (now Svalbard) in 1921–24. These expeditions have been hailed as significant episodes in the history of ecology. While ecology as a discipline shared an ordering impulse with the archive, early twentieth‐century ecologists were explicitly distancing themselves from practices they associated with 'armchair science'. This paper exemplifies how field–archive dialogue remained central to the practices of ecology. Reading field collecting and subsequent specimen analysis as processes of active archiving, the paper hones in on select moments and practices which connected Spitsbergen‐as‐field and UK archival institutions, such as the British Museum of Natural History. In doing so, the paper draws out the distributed nature of archive and field alike, pointing to the non‐limited locality of both localised field operations and archival practices, as well as the co‐constitutional nature of these two sites of knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides various updates and announcements related to the field of behavioral and social sciences. It includes information about new articles, books, conferences, and awards. Some of the topics covered include the relationships among eminent psychologists, the end of Cold War psychology, prehistoric national origins in Europe, a festchrift for William McKinley Runyan, and upcoming conferences and lectures. The document also highlights the work of Dr. Andrew S. Winston on the history of racism and antisemitism in psychology. Additionally, it announces the winner of the Early Career Award from the European Society for the History of the Human Sciences. [Extracted from the article]

9 Eveline Cruickshanks, I The Glorious Revolution i (Basingstoke, 2000); Eveline Cruickshanks and Howard Erskine-Hill, I The Atterbury Plot i (Basingstoke, 2004); see also I By Force or By Default? Despite his forbidding manner, Eveline quickly established a strong working relationship with Sedgwick, and also impressed Namier, to whose section she contributed, as an assiduous and reliable researcher (qualities that Namier prized almost above all others). Eveline Cruickshanks, the moving spirit behind the foundation of I Parliamentary History i , died at her home in Sevenoaks on 15 November 2021. [Extracted from the article]

Founded in memory of a Bangladeshi schoolboy who was stabbed to death in a racially motivated attack in 1986, the Ahmed Iqbal Ullah Education Trust works to archive the life stories of racial and ethnic minority communities in Greater Manchester. The Trust is partnered with the Ahmed Iqbal Ullah RACE (Race Archives and Community Engagement) Centre, a specialist library focusing on the history of race, ethnicity and migration. This roundtable with former and current trustees and Centre employees reflects on the impressive development of both Trust and Centre over the past two decades. Today housed in an attractive new space at Manchester Central Library, the Centre is a vital part of the University of Manchester library network and Archives+, a partnership of archival and local history organisations. Similarly, the Trust's public history programming now includes a wealth of oral history and archiving projects, the publication of multicultural children's books, the creation of anti‐racist curriculum resources in collaboration with local schools, and other community‐based events and exhibitions. However, these successes have been hard‐won and, at times, hotly contested. We discuss the challenges of developing the Centre's collections and visibility, the evolution of the Trust's public history programming, and their shared importance and future ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Communities in southwest Madagascar have co‐evolved with a hypervariable environment and climate. The paleoclimate record reflects major fluctuations in climatic conditions over the course of Holocene human settlement. Archeological evidence indicates short‐term occupations of sites, suggesting that frequent residential mobility and flexible subsistence strategies have been central features of life on the southwest coast for millennia. Today, despite rapid changes linked to globalization and increasing market integration, mobility and subsistence flexibility remain key to the lives of communities of the region. Aims: In this article, we advocate closer consideration of the social dimensions of the human niche, and their inextricable links to the biophysical world. Specifically, we explore the theoretical implications of applying a Niche Construction Theory framework to understanding the role of social memory in constructing the human niche of SW Madagascar. We look at how social memory facilitates mobility, resource use, and the creation and maintenance of social identities and ties among communities of foragers, farmers, herders, and fishers living under hypervariable climatic conditions. Materials & Methods: We conducted an extensive oral history survey in SW Madagascar between 2017 and 2018. We interviewed over 100 elders from 32 different communities. Results: Our analysis of the oral history archive resulted in the development of a theoretical model of human niche construction centered on the maintenance and transmission of social memory. Discussion: We argue that social memory and the ability to transmit oral histories of exchange, reciprocity, and cooperation, as well as ecological knowledge are key adaptive mechanisms that facilitate mobility and access to resources in a hypervariable environment. Conclusion: The preservation and transmission of oral histories and ecological knowledge are thus critical to future resilience and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few decades, theater history has moved beyond a documentary and descriptive approach to become a field that increasingly embraces the "epistemological uncertainty" that comes with studying an unfixed medium. This shift owes much to the flourishing of performance studies in the 1990s and 2000s. This essay examines the effects of performance studies on 18th‐century theater history. Theater historians of earlier periods have long grappled with how to study a medium that is uncapturable by print alone. Performance's ephemerality and its embodiment, in particular, pose challenges to those working in the archives. This essay reviews the recent scholarship that brings together the archival work of theater history with newer performance‐oriented methodologies. The turn to performance studies allows us to better theorize the experiences and identities that archives have sometimes obscured, especially involving women and minorities. Moreover, taking the medium of performance seriously not just as an object of study, but as a mode of constructing and disseminating theater history enables us to experience vicariously sensory elements of performance that traditional print scholarship cannot fully capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed reclamation of Benoa Bay triggered huge demonstrations that rejected the project in the name of Balinese identity. Yet, the politicization of identity seems ill‐suited to an anti‐reclamation movement, because the location‐specific costs of reclamation encourage local, not regional, resistance. The politicization of identity likewise has few precedents in Bali's own history, where politics usually revolves around class, caste, and region. This article explains this divergent outcome with reference to the specific social and institutional context of opposition to reclamation. Specifically, the anti‐reclamation movement embraced Balinese identity as a motivating principle because identity provided the only means to mobilize cross‐class protests large enough to block the project. Using the Bali Post archive and primary sources, the article shows that leaders of the opposition constructed reclamation as a threat to Balinese identity only after parochial, region‐specific efforts failed to block the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to other disciplines and despite its central role in research practices, the concept of the "archive" has received insufficient critical attention in anthropology until recently. Anthropologists working in collaboration with artists and curators have experimented with forms of archive/archiving, raising important questions about both the collaborative and processual nature of archives. They thereby challenge ideas about the "archive" as a static repository of history. This special section begins with the premise that archives, prone to decay, dissolution, and rearrangement, are permanently in process. This perspective enables us to engage with cleavages and links between past knowledge and future imagination, as well as the role of representation and the anarchive. Our interest is not limited to objects, but also addresses the idea of the body (or collective bodies) as archives of experience, and the archive's potential for collaborative artistic and ethnographic practices. We ask: What forms of collaborative work does the archive offer? In what ways can the collective sensibility of the archive be explored? What can we gain from a process‐based notion of the archive? What implications does this have on the role of the archive in art and anthropology, and for the practices related to it in particular? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore the affective responses that Zanele Muholi's Somnyana Ngonyama series of photographic (self‐)portraits evoke for me as a white, South African woman. In this provocative series, Muholi presents a body of images that form an archive in and of itself, and uses her body as an "archive of personal experience." In so doing, she creates a "new" archival body through the figuration of her own body. This new archival form offers possibilities for the imagination of what a decolonial (an)archive might look like. I suggest that the series' importance as a decolonial (an)archive is strongly connected to what it reveals to me in relation to how I view the work through the lenses of racialized, gendered, and classed power, as a result of my (white) positionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay offers an original tool, eroto‐philology, in order to explore the crucial role that linguistic particularities play in the study of sexuality, and the role sexuality plays in the study of language, focusing on the unique case of modern Yiddish. In the case of Yiddish, the sexual and the linguistic, the erotic and the philological, shared a similar positioning: where Jewish sexuality was considered deviant, so too the language itself was considered abnormal and deviant. This article will begin a larger project of reversing the dominant perspective, by exploring how Jews formulated their own notions of their language and bodies, writing philology and sexology in their own tongue. The focus of this article will be the role of sexuality in Yiddish linguistic projects spanning 1913–1990, and each of these projects will be treated as an incomplete archive, first because Yiddish was emerging and later because of its imminent decline. Taking into account the shifting historical realities of Yiddish and its speakers, eroto‐philology will serve as a methodological mediation between body and text, activating the materiality of reading each, and both, together.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on French visitor Denys Lambin's translation of the book "Nicomachean Ethics" of 1558. Lambin is possibly not the best known French visitor to Italy during the 1550s, but his several journeys there are well documented. Lambin belonged to the retinue of the Cardinal de Tournon whose presence in Italy was largely motivated by French King Henri II's desire to maximize French influence in the Curia. Nicomachean Ethics is a record of contrasting scholarly outlook towards translation and of existing and evolving humanist attitudes towards translation and its link with the commentary.