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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common health‐related issues in the male individuals of western countries. Icaritin (ICT) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that exhibits antitumor efficacy in variety of cancers including PCa. However, the precise function and detailed molecular mechanism of ICT in the regression of PCa remain unclear. Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) is an anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)‐specific ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, which acts as an oncogene in PCa progression. The function of ICT in PCa was investigated in transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice using survival analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemistry and in human PCa cell lines using various molecular techniques and functional assays including plasmid construction and transfection. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify the interaction between miRNA and UBE2C via the TargetScan algorithm. We demonstrated that ICT inhibited the development and progression of PCa in TRAMP mice by improving the survival rate and tumor differentiation. Furthermore, we found that ICT could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and invasion and induce apoptosis in PCa cells. Consistently, downregulation of UBE2C suppressed the proliferation and invasion of PCa cells. Moreover, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that UBE2C was a direct target of miR‐381‐3p. Meanwhile, ICT simultaneously downregulated UBE2C expression and upregulated miR‐381‐3p levels in human PCa cells. Altogether, our findings provide a strong rationale for the clinical application of ICT as a potential oncotherapeutic agent against PCa via a novel molecular mechanism of regulating the miR‐381‐3p/UBE2C pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore whether asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is associated with prostatic enlargement beyond that of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients without asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis, and whether asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis affects long-term outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods: The present study involved 106 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate. Clinical and pathological parameters were compared between those with benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis and those with benign prostatic hyperplasia alone. Results: A total of 55 patients (52%) were found to have benign prostatic hyperplasia and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis, whereas 51 patients (48%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia alone. The prostate volume of the benign prostatic hyperplasia/ asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis group was significantly larger than the benign prostatic hyperplasia alone group: 68.1 cm3 (interquartile range 45.7-86.3) versus 44.1 cm3 (interquartile range 30.9-72.1), P = 0.036. In terms of histopathological analysis, benign prostatic hyperplasia/asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis patients were more likely to show mild (53%), focal (67%) and stromal (40%) prostatic inflammation in our study. Furthermore, statistically significant differences of International Prostate Symptom Score were found 3 years after transurethral resection of the prostate, with benign prostatic hyperplasia/asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis patients reporting higher (worse) scores than benign prostatic hyperplasia alone patients (P = 0.025). Conclusions: Chronic prostatic inflammatory process might progressively conduce to benign prostatic hyperplasia development, which can also result in prostate enlargement and worsen long-term postoperative International Prostate Symptom Scores. Multicenter studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]