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Comprehensive Summary: A new fluorescent fingerprint powder (DFF‐MMT) was formulated by blending cyclic chalcone dye DFF with montmorillonite (MMT), which can develop latent fingerprints (LFPs) with exceptional resolution and contrast on various surfaces, including ordinary glass, tin foil, marble, LED screens, and materials with distinct colors and fluorescent backgrounds. The fluorescence of DFF‐MMT transforms from orange to bright yellow with LFPs, allowing for a flawless visualization of fingerprints on uneven surfaces or materials with static electricity. Impressively, fingerprints developed by DFF‐MMT can be stored for over 21 months and conveniently duplicated. The developed LFPs by DFF‐MMT still keep high quality under the influence of aquatic condition, illumination and thermal effects. DFF‐MMT also exhibits benefits, such as affordability, real‐time, high‐resolution, high‐contrast development and no damage to DNA, making it an ideal choice for sophisticated criminal investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confronting the limitations of traditional von Neumann architectures—chiefly their inability to process unstructured data efficiently, this work proposes a new in‐memory sensing and computing paradigm exemplified by introducing a pioneering tin oxide nanowire‐based photoelectric synaptic transistor (PST) with a floating gate replicating biological synapses' functionality. Capitalizing on the nanowire structure's high surface area to volume ratio, the PST overcomes the challenges of photo response in metal oxide semiconductors. Integrating metal oxides' Photoelectric‐Phenomenon‐Coupling effect with the charge storage capacity of field‐effect transistors enables effective optical detection and weight storage. The PST performs exceptional optoelectrical and synaptic properties, including capabilities for long‐term memory, short‐term memory, paired‐pulse facilitate, and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, by incorporating a learning mechanism, the PST achieves an impressive 94.65% accuracy in recognizing patterns in the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology's(MNIST) handwritten digit dataset within 50 epochs. This research indicates a significant step toward intelligent computing systems closely mimicking the human brain's computational prowess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ‐Valerolactone (GVL) derived from non‐edible biomass resources has attracted much intense attention from both academia and industry, due to its excellent properties as green solvent and ideal renewable feedstock for production of bioenergy and biorefinery. However, the practical application of current synthetic technologies is restricted by complicated catalyst system and high production cost so far. Here we report a simple but highly efficient method to realize one‐pot synthesis of bio‐derived GVL by a series of Lewis acidic triflates (M(OTf)3 (M=Sc3+, Ln3+)) under mild condition, achieving up to 78 % GVL yield from furfural (FUR) without any additives or pretreatments. Systematic mechanistic studies, including reaction monitoring, identification of key intermediates and deuterium control experiments disclose the nature of such one‐pot conversion by all‐in‐one Sc(OTf)3. This system exhibits several excellent features such as commercially available and inexpensive catalyst, 100 % carbon atom‐economy, environmentally friend, simple preparation and separation procedures. This method could also be applied to the upstream raw materials, including xylose, hemicellulose and even corncob, achieving GVL in 36 %, 35 % and 21 % yields in one‐pot manner, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc, a crucial trace element is vital for the growth and development of humans. It is frequently described as 'the flower of life' and 'the source of intelligence'. Zinc supplements play a pivotal role in addressing zinc deficiency by serving as a vital source of this essential micronutrients, effectively replenishing depleted zinc levels in the body. In this paper, we first described the biological behavior of zinc in the human body and briefly described the physiological phenomena associated with zinc levels. The benefits and drawbacks of various zinc supplement forms are then discussed, with emphasis on the most recent zinc supplement formulations. Finally, the application of zinc supplements in food, medicine, and animal husbandry is further summarized. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti‐inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro‐inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hard carbon (HC) demonstrates superior initial Coulombic efficiency, cycling durability, and rate capability in ether‐based electrolytes compared to ester‐based electrolytes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the underlying mechanisms responsible for these disparities remain largely unexplored. Herein, ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra and in situ Raman spectroscopy are combined to investigate the Na storage mechanism of HC under different electrolytes. Through deconvolving the EPR signals of Na in HC, quasi‐metallic‐Na is successfully differentiated from adsorbed‐Na. By monitoring the evolution of different Na species during the charging/discharging process, it is found that the initial adsorbed‐Na in HC with ether‐based electrolytes can be effectively transformed into intercalated‐Na in the plateau region. However, this transformation is obstructed in ester‐based electrolytes, leading to the predominant storage of Na in HC as adsorbed‐Na and pore‐filled‐Na. Furthermore, the intercalated‐Na in HC within the ether‐based electrolytes contributes to the formation of a uniform, dense, and stable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and eventually enhances the electrochemical performance of HC. This work successfully deciphers the electrolyte‐dominated Na+ storage mechanisms in HC and provides fundamental insights into the industrialization of HC in SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research works have proven that duplicate bug reports can provide helpful information to assist developers in software tasks such as fault localization and program fixing, while thoroughly reading duplicate bug reports is time‐consuming and inefficient. Summarization is a possible solution for gaining essential information quickly. However, there are many challenges when applying existing summarizing techniques on duplicate bug reports. Duplicate bug reports describe the same problem from different views and vary in quality, content, and writing style. Moreover, the code snippet understanding and the semantic gap between natural and programming languages make the summary generation even more difficult. Thus, in this paper, we want to investigate whether the state‐of‐the‐art summarization approaches can overcome the resistance and generate an effective summary for duplicate bug reports. We collected more than 8,000 groups of duplicate reports from GitHub and labeled 60 groups with 149 reports manually for the evaluation. Results showed that although the existing summarization approaches can work on duplicate bug reports, there are significant differences between them when it comes to code snippet summarization. Moreover, several methods can be very sluggish for summarizing long bug reports. Our study provides insights and guidelines for choosing proper summarization approaches in different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allisartan isoproxil (AI) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker and be converted into the active substance EXP3174 in vivo. We evaluated the drug–drug interactions of AI and an indapamide sustained‐release (Ind SR) preparation, as well as the pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety of AI and Ind SR in healthy subjects. The trial was set up in 6 sequences and 3 cycles, and each cycle contained a 7‐day washout period. Subjects received 3 different trial drugs (A, AI; B, Ind SR; C, AI + Ind SR) during 3 different cycles. Twenty‐four subjects were enrolled in the clinical trial. Of these, 22 completed the study, 2 subjects dropped out due to adverse events (AEs). For subjects given AI alone or combined with Ind SR, the pharmacogenetic parameters Cmax and the geometric mean ratio of steady state (combined/single) of EXP3174 was 130%. The geometric mean ratio of area under the concentration–time curve over the dosing interval at steady state (combined/single use) was 144.5%. Therefore, the combination of Ind SR had an impact on the pharmacokinetics of AI. Then, the results indicated that the AI combination had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of Ind SR. Serious AEs did not occur. The AEs in this clinical trial were the same as those for AI and Ind SR. Combined administration resulted in 2 cases (2 subjects) of Grade 3 hypotension and 1 case of Grade 3 hypotension with AI alone. Considering that this trial included healthy volunteers, the risk of hypotension was expected to be manageable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide semiconductors have been developed for ultraviolet–visible photodetectors, but improving sensitivity has remained a challenge due to poor mobility and carrier losses. In this study, a high‐performance photodetector is achieved by implementing a chargeable electret to regulate carrier transmission properties in the CuBi2O4 (CBO) conductive channel. As expected, the positively charged device shows improved performance, with a broadband detection range covering 250–600 nm, maximum responsivity and detectivity of around 10.65 A W−1 and 8.56 × 1012 Jones, and a fast rise and decay time of 50 and 300 µs, respectively. Mechanism analyses suggest two roles of the electret layer: 1) positive charges in the electret layer attract electrons and leave a pure hole conductive channel with less carrier recombination and trapping; 2) holes in the conductive channel move in one direction with less carrier collision and scattering. This work has demonstrated an effective strategy for providing a durable and stable ultra‐high electrostatic field to improve the sensitivity of photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient photocarrier generation and collection are highly desirable for solar‐fuel conversion systems. However, the latter is challenging for many photoelectrodes due to carrier losses happening in the semiconductor‐electrolyte interface and the semiconductor‐substrate interface. To overcome it, a novel Au/CuBi2O4 (CBO)/PtSe2 van der Waals heterojunction photocathode has been developed to boost photocarrier collection. As a result, the ohmic contact at Au/CBO interface shows a low resistance for hole transfer. Meanwhile, while promoting electron transfer, the Van der Waals heterojunction of CBO/PtSe2 interface with energy barrier‐blocked holes. Concurrently, the composite photocathode exhibits significantly enhanced performance: a photocurrent of −0.59 mA cm−2 at 0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and an H2O2 generation rate of 2.39 mol (Lhm2)−1. This work demonstrates the charge regulation role of Van der Waals heterojunctions in the solar‐fuel system. More broadly, Van der Waals heterojunctions provide an excellent bond‐free approach to creating versatile optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O3‐type Fe/Mn‐based layered oxide cathode materials with abundant reserves have a promising prospect in sodium‐ion batteries. However, the electrochemical reversibility of most O3‐type Fe/Mn‐based oxide cathode materials is still not high enough. Herein, the effect of different Cu contents on the electrochemical properties of O3‐NaFe0.50Mn0.50O2 materials is systematically investigated. The as‐prepared NaFe0.30Mn0.50Cu0.20O2 cathode achieves the synergistic optimization of the interface and bulk phase. It shows superior electrochemical performance, with an initial discharge specific capacity of 114 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a capacity retention rate of 94 % after 100 cycles at 0.5 C, and excellent chemical stability in air and water. In addition, the sodium ion full battery based on NaFe0.30Mn0.50Cu0.20O2 cathode and hard carbon anode has a capacity retention rate of 81 % after 100 cycles. This research provides a useful approach for the preparation of low‐cost and high‐performance O3‐type layered cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A type of MoS2 nanoparticle with a spherical‐like shape is chemically synthesized with favorable third‐order and suppressed second‐order nonlinear optical response, which results from the isotropy induced by the geometrical uniformity of nanoparticles and an artificial symmetry center. It is found that the linewidth of third harmonic signal is broadened due to the self‐phase modulation effect, another third‐order nonlinearity. Moreover, the intensity of harmonic signal can be conveniently adjusted by controlling the polarization state of applied optical field. The artificially designed material morphology may provide a reference for designing all‐optical modulation devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrites can severely impair zinc battery performance. An in‐depth understanding of the dynamic morphology evolution of dendrites with operando approaches is pivotal when addressing these issues. However, in previous studies, the corresponding electrochemical signals are usually ensemble and averaged. It is very challenging to obtain detailed information about the key morphology–performance relationship. Herein, correlated high‐resolution operando optical and electrochemical studies of single dendrites on Pt reflective nanopore electrodes are reported. The zinc deposition and dissolution can be directly imaged by a high NA optical microscope, while corresponding galvanic charging and discharging curves are obtained. The correlated information of morphology changes and dynamic overpotential fluctuations under different circumstances unveils the competition between active growth vs. passivation. The isolated zinc formation at the single dendrite level is also evaluated. The methodology can be further extended to elucidate the direct relationship between dendrite evolution and electrochemical responses in various battery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and has a high mortality rate. Although prevention and treatment of HCC has improved, it still faces poor prognosis and high mortality. miRNAs play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of HCC, but the underlying mechanism has not been well investigated. Here, the functions and interaction between miR-559 and PARD3 were investigated in HCC cells. Increased PARD3 and decreased miR-559 expression were observed in HCC cells compared with those in normal liver cells, especially in Huh-7 cells. Studies further demonstrated that PARD3 silencing or miR-559 overexpression impaired the proliferation, autophagy, and angiogenesis in Huh-7 cells. Mechanistically, PARD3 represents a target of miR-559. Furthermore, investigations revealed that miR-559 inhibition induced the expression of PARD3, thereby enhancing cell proliferation, autophagy, and angiogenesis in Huh-7 cells. These results reveal the interaction between miR-559 and PARD3 in HCC cells and provide new insights into their potential targets as therapeutic treatment against HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon‐coated LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 (C/LFMP) and carbon‐coated LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4@Li2SiO3 (C/LFMP‐LSO) could be successfully prepared by high temperature solid‐state reaction. Even though the crystal structure and morphology of C/LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 was not changed by Li2SiO3 coating, Li2SiO3 modification was able to facilitate the diffusion of lithium ions, resulting in an excellent rate performance and cyclic stability of C/LFMP‐1LSO (1 wt %). The reversible discharge specific capacities of C/LFMP‐1LSO are 157.6 mAh g−1 and 106.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 10C, respectively. Meanwhile, the C/LFMP‐1LSO was cycled for 500 times at 5C with a capacity retention rate of 85.3 %. Furthermore, at a low temperature of 6 °C and 0.2C, the C/LFMP‐1LSO displayed good low temperature performance with a discharge specific capacity of 140.6 mAh g−1. Li2SiO3 coating was considered an effective way to boost the overall electrochemical performance of C/LFMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the local experience of adult patients presenting with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) to an urban ED in the outer northern suburbs of Melbourne. Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult patients presenting to the ED with a documented history of CHS or equivalent terminology from January 2015 to January 2021. Age, sex, cannabis use, clinical features, pathology results, imaging and symptomatic management were examined as well as outcomes regarding disposition, representation, morbidity and mortality. Results: One hundred and forty‐two adult presentations were included. Sixty‐seven were unique presentations and 29 were patients who represented during the study period. Most represented within 3 months (37.8%) and most represented at least twice. Males were overrepresented (68.7%). Patients were young (median age 31 years, interquartile range 23–35 years) and all had a history of regular cannabis use (usually daily). Cyclical nausea and/or vomiting was the most common clinical feature compared to others in previously reported diagnostic criteria. Patients typically had elevated white cell counts with associated neutrophilia (75.8%) and mild hypokalaemia (57.9%). Lipase was not elevated, and C‐reactive protein was typically less than 50 mmol/L (98.2%). Imaging was not commonly performed but largely normal. Treatment was supportive with anti‐emetic use, intravenous fluids and analgesia. There were no deaths or admissions to intensive care. Conclusions: Cyclical nausea and vomiting was the most common feature observed in this cohort compared to other clinical features reported in prior studies. Serum lipase was normal and C‐reactive protein only mildly elevated. Prospective studies are required to further assess these findings. A retrospective case series summarising a local hospital experience of presentations due to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome. The article explores clinical features, investigations findings, management and disposition outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: As the only ionotropic receptor in the 5‐HT receptor family, the 5‐HT3 receptor (5‐HT3R) is involved in psychiatric disorders and its modulators have potential therapeutic effects for cognitive impairment in these disorders. However, it remains unclear how 5‐HT3Rs shape synaptic plasticity for memory function. Experimental Approach Extracellular as well as whole‐cell electrophysiological recordings were used to monitor hippocampal LTP and synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices in 5‐HT3AR knockout or 5‐HT3AR‐GFP mice. Immunocytochemistry, qRT‐PCR and western blotting were used to measure receptor expression. We also assessed hippocampal dependent cognition and memory, using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition. Key Results: We found that 5‐HT3R dysfunction impaired hippocampal LTP in Schaffer collateral (SC)‐CA1 pathway in hippocampal slices, by facilitating GABAergic inputs in pyramidal cells. This effect was dependent on 5‐HT3Rs on axon terminals. It resulted from reduced expression and function of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) co‐localized with 5‐HT3Rs on axon terminals, and then led to diminishment of tonic inhibition of GABA release by CB1Rs. Inhibition of CB1Rs mimicked the facilitation of GABAergic transmission by 5‐HT3R disruption. Consequently, mice with hippocampal 5‐HT3R disruption exhibited impaired spatial memory in MWM tasks. Conclusion and Implications: These results suggest that 5‐HT3Rs are crucial in enabling hippocampal synaptic plasticity via a novel CB1R‐GABAA‐dependent pathway to regulate spatial memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and the ocean is a source of NMHCs in the atmosphere. Here, we investigated the annual variations of NMHCs concentrations and fluxes (i.e., ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and isoprene) in the semi‐enclosed shallow waters of Jiaozhou Bay from September 2016 to August 2017. Ethylene is the most abundant NMHCs, with an annual average concentration of 487.7 ± 239.3 pmol L−1. The concentrations of other NMHCs were lower; the average concentrations for ethane, propane, propylene, and isoprene were 87.0 ± 49.0, 65.7 ± 22.9, 127.4 ± 77.8, and 60.5 ± 47.1 pmol L−1, respectively. NMHCs concentrations varied largely between seasons and higher abundance were observed in summer. The correlations between NMHCs and environmental variables such as chlorophyll a (Chl‐a), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were ambiguous, and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested nutrients contributed significantly to total variation. These results indicated that the control of NMHCs could be more complex in dynamic and anthropogenically impacted estuarine systems, which could be a result of multiple processes involving phytoplankton release, photochemical production, riverine input, and so forth. The average annual sea‐to‐air fluxes of ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and isoprene were 105.9–298.3, 583.5–1,337.0, 36.7–95.2, 85.2–389.6, and 25.2–182.4 nmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Although coastal and estuarine environments only account for a minor fraction of the global ocean (0.26%–0.39%), NMHC emissions from these areas could influence regional atmospheric chemistry and may be relatively important for global budgets (ethane, 1.70%; ethylene, 1.54%; propane, 1.29%; propylene, 0.87%; isoprene, 3.17%). Plain Language Summary: Non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are abundant volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of NMHCs from marine waters are a significant source in the atmosphere. We investigated the annual concentrations and fluxes of five NMHCs in Jiaozhou Bay, a typical anthropogenically impacted estuary on the east coast of North China. NMHCs concentrations and fluxes varied largely between seasons. Multiple processes including phytoplankton release, photochemical production, riverine input might contribute to this variability. The absence of correlations between NMHCs and environmental variables also suggested that the control of NMHCs could be more complex in estuarine systems. Based on our extrapolation, the contribution of coastal and estuarine environments to marine NMHCs emission budgets could be disproportionately high in comparison to their size, despite only accounting for a minor fraction of the global ocean. Given the strong variability of NMHCs emission to the atmosphere, it is necessary to consider the seasonality for better estimation of marine NMHCs budget. Key Points: NMHCs concentrations varied largely between seasons and higher abundance occurred in summerLack of proportionality between NMHCs and environmental variables suggested the complex control of NMHCs in estuarine systemsThe sea‐to‐air fluxes of NHMCs exhibited seasonal variations, and the emission of NMHCs was a source of atmospheric NMHCs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allisartan isoproxil (AI) is a blocker of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single‐ and multiple‐dose AI in healthy Chinese individuals. Participants were assigned to receive AI or placebo. Plasma concentration of EXP3174 (carboxylic acid derivative) was measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental methods. Twelve subjects were enrolled, and the ratio of men to women was 5:1. Main pharmacokinetic parameters of EXP3174 after single and multiple doses of AI were a mean maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) of 2242 ± 1037 ng/mL and median time to reach Cmax (Tmax) of 3.5 hours (2.5‐8 hours). The median Tmax, at steady state was 4.0 hours (1.5‐8 hours). The mean Cmax at steady state (Cmax, SS) was 2047 ± 1050 ng/mL. In terms of EXP3174, there was no significant difference in the Cmax, SS, area under the curve from time zero to 24 hours of quantifiable concentration at steady state (AUC0–24 SS), and AUC0‐72 after multiple doses of AI. Serious adverse events did not occur. These data suggest that AI is safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese individuals at a single dose of 480 or 480 mg once daily for 7 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meloxicam is an enolate nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agent. This trial investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and bioequivalence of single oral doses of Aomei meloxicam (15 mg) and Mobic meloxicam (15 mg) in healthy volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. A single‐site, single‐dose, randomized, open, 2‐period, 2‐sequence, crossover bioequivalence study was performed: 24 healthy volunteers were enrolled in each of the fasting and fed arms. Each HV was randomly assigned to receive the Aomei drug (test) in one period and the Mobic drug (reference) in the other period. The concentration of meloxicam in plasma was detected using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. In the fasting arm, the 90% confidence interval of the geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable plasma concentration, and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity between the test and reference products were 99.5% to 111.7%, 101.2% to 106.8%, and 101.8% to 108.3%, respectively. In the fed arm, the 3 parameters were 94.1% to 102.4%, 97.6% to 103.0%, and 97.5% to 103.7%, respectively. These parameters were in the range of 80% to 125%, and the 2 products were considered bioequivalent in both the fasting and fed states and were well tolerated. The severity of all adverse events was mild. Aomei meloxicam tablets and Mobic meloxicam tablets were bioequivalent in healthy Chinese volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent progress in solid‐state Na‐metal batteries (SSNBs) based on inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), Na dendrite propagation due to interfacial Na+ transport inhomogeneity and heterogeneous Na stripping/plating processes, greatly hinders the improvement of the cycling stability of SSNBs. Herein, the characteristics and propagation mechanism of Na dendrite growth in SSNBs are comprehensively analyzed. Confronted with Na dendrites, a novel strategy is developed to in‐situ modify a SSE surface with a liquid metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) precursor. The interlayer is directly obtained from high‐temperature monophasic liquid MOFs, not interfering with intermediate recrystallization, thus endowing superior uniformity. It can improve interfacial compatibility with the Na‐anode and homogenize e−/Na+ transport kinetics, leading to spatially even Na nucleation and thus a transition of Na deposition behavior from dendrites to a lateral flat‐shape growth tendency. Furthermore, the obtained sodiophilicity interlayer shows isotropous and stable characteristics to alleviate stress/strain and maintain excellent interfacial stability during cycling. Therefore, the assembled Na symmetric batteries demonstrate a top‐level time‐terminated critical current density of 1.0 mA cm−2, and the integrated full cells show a stable cycling performance for 500 cycles at 1 C. The presented liquid MOFs in‐situ derived strategy to suppress dendrites propagation is expected to be promising for other solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐voltage LiCoO2 is an attractive cathode for ultra‐high energy lithium‐ion batteries in the 5G era. However, the practical application of LiCoO2 is largely hindered by the unstable structure under high voltage. Herein, dextran sulfate lithium (DSL) is used as a versatile binder to improve the cycling stability of LiCoO2 at 4.6 V. A coulombic efficiency of almost 100% and 93.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles has been achieved. The aqueous DSL binder can be evenly coated onto the surfaces of LiCoO2 particles to function as an artificial interface, significantly preventing the decomposition of electrolyte and the dissolution of Co ions. More importantly, the superior interaction between the sulfate acid groups of DSL chains and the LiCoO2 particles enhances the stability of CoO chemical bonds, further suppressing the detrimental phase transition from O3 to H1‐3 above 4.55 V. The stabilization of high‐voltage LiCoO2 through the binder is facile and enlightening to design high energy battery materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fosaprepitant dimeglumine (FD) is a precursor of aprepitant. FD can be metabolized into aprepitant. This randomized, single‐center, open, 2‐cycle, single‐dose, crossover bioequivalence study compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of intravenously FD of test and reference products in healthy volunteers (HVs). HVs were assigned to the test group or reference group randomly and given FD intravenously. The plasma concentration of FD and aprepitant was measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters were ascertained based on a noncompartmental model. Data for 29 HVs were obtained. The geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to time of last measurable plasma concentration (AUC0‐t), and area from the last datum point to time infinity (AUC0‐∞) of test and reference groups were 101.69% (95.06%, 108.77%), 103.52% (99.15%, 108.09%), and 105.58% (99.51%, 112.01%), respectively. These 3 parameters were within the acceptance range of 80.0% to 125.00%, and the test product was bioequivalent to the reference product. The coefficient of variation (CV) of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ was 15.14%, 9.67%, and 11.89%, respectively. Intravenously administered FD provided by 2 sponsors achieved bioequivalence. FD values from test and reference products were bioequivalent. All adverse events were mild and serious adverse events absent in HVs. This study indicated that FD may provide a safer alternative to aprepitant for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility to highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with low cost is a priority for the rapid industrialization of Zn‐Air batteries. Herein, we propose a facile engineering synthesis of high‐activity quasi‐spherical Fe−N−C ORR nanocatalysts by chemical self‐assmbly. The morphological and structural features of the materials have been fully characterized. The synchrotron radiation techniques reveal that the targeted Fe−N−PQS‐900 with highly exposed Fe−Nx active sites well dispersed on the N‐rich micro‐nano carbon framework, endowing them with efficient access to oxygeneous species. The electrochemical measurements show its superior ORR catalytic performance to the commercial Pt/C catalyst, including a more positive half‐wave potential, smaller Tafel slope, better methanol‐tolerance capability, and more sustainable cycloability as well. An assembled Zn‐Air battery using the Fe−N−PQS‐900 as the cathode catalyst shows a specific capacity of 798 mAh g−1 with a power density of 114 mW cm−2 and an energy density of 958 Wh kg−1, enabling this non‐precious metal electrocatalyst very competitive in metal air fuel cell applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignant tumors with poor overall prognosis. As a tumor suppressor, the function of miR‐559 in HCC is not clear. In this study, quantitative real‐time PCR was carried out to measure the expression of miR‐559 in HCC cell lines. The effects of miR‐559 on HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated through a series of functional assays. The mechanism through which miR‐559 regulates HCC cells was investigated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and functional experiments. The results revealed that miR‐559 expression was low in HCC cell lines. Upregulation of miR‐559 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed Golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73) as a target gene of miR‐559. Moreover, miR‐559 could negatively regulate GP73 expression in HCC cells. These results demonstrated that low‐level expression of miR‐559 was associated with HCC, and overexpression of miR‐559 could inhibit HCC cell growth and invasion via targeting GP73. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yolk‐shell structure exhibits fascinating and important properties for energy storage devices. The carbon shell significantly improves the good electrical conductivity and the stable micro‐/nanostructures of the active material increases utilization. MnO2@C with a yolk‐shell structure shows high reversibility, good rate performance, and excellent cycling stability for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. The Zn‐ion battery with MnO2@C could realize a high reversible capacity of 239 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. In particular, at a quite high current density of 2 A g−1, it achieves capacity of 91 mAh g−1. The Zn‐ion battery has excellent capacity retention of up to 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The yolk‐shell structure plays an important role in improving the battery performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Various active substances, antioxidant activities and primary differential metabolite profiles were investigated to assess the nutritional quality of radish sprouts steamed for 0–300 s. The levels of flavonoids, total phenolic content and isothiocyanate in radish sprouts decreased with increased steaming time, and DPPH radical scavenging activity levels and superoxide dismutase levels also exhibited a downward trend (P < 0.05). By contrast, total phenolic acid, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power and reducing power levels exhibited significant increases in the early short‐term steaming process (P < 0.05). Steaming for 30 s promoted the accumulation of vitamin B2, whereas, steaming for 300 s promoted the accumulation of phospholipids and myristic acid to a greater extent than steaming for 30 s. Overall, there was a partial non‐decreased nutritional indicator in short‐term steaming of radish sprouts, and a longer steaming time positively affected the differential metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the dynamic changes of key morphology indicators of the lower extremities in the coronal plane with progressing medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with an emphasis on gender‐dependent regional differences. Methods: The radiographs of patients with non‐traumatic knee pain and varying degrees of genu varus were reviewed. Radiographs were studied in 1538 lower limbs of 883 consecutive patients who visited our hospital from January to July 2017; all patients had long‐standing anteroposterior image‐splicing radiographs taken of their lower limbs. Morphological indicators of bones and joints that can change the alignment of lower limbs or reflect cartilage wear and soft‐tissue relaxation were selected and measured with the help of picture archiving and communication systems. After comparing the data of different genders, the data of males and females was separated into three age groups, <40 years, 40–60 years, >60 years respectively, and then compared among age groups using the Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Scatterplots of age and all the measurements were drawn to determine the strength of the relations. The Pearson correlation test was performed to reveal correlations of measurements and age. Results: Femoral bowing angle (FBA) and joint line convergence angle (JLCA) have obvious differences between different genders (P = 0.001, 0.000, respectively). This suggests that females have greater femoral curvature and joint space angle than males. Significant differences were found in hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), FBA, distal femoral valgus resection angle (DFVRA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), JLCA, and minimum joint space width (min‐JSW) by age groups in females (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.003, 0.002, respectively). The difference of mechanical medial distal femoral angle (mMDFA) was significant with P values less than 0.05 deemed significant (P = 0.030). Significant correlations were found between age and all measurements (r = −0.166, 0.253, 0.270, −0.147, 0.089, −0.105, −0.076, respectively, P < 0.01). Whereas, the difference in min‐JSW by age group was the only significant one in males (P = 0.001), and no significant correlation was found between age and measurements (r = −0.107, 0.041, 0.134, −0.067, 0.079, −0.134, −0.098, respectively, P > 0.01). Conclusions: As KOA progressed, both dynamic deformation of lower extremities and degeneration of articular cartilage could be found in females, while no obvious dynamic deformations were found in males. Dynamic deformation of lower extremities was the important feature and the major causative factor of KOA in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a response to feedback received on an audit of adult presentations of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) to an urban district hospital. It addresses the concerns about the study's methodology, including the classification of symptoms, the criteria used for case inclusion, the need for a control group, and the use of droperidol as a treatment. It also discusses the CHUNDER mnemonic suggested by the authors to improve clinician awareness of CHS.

The accurate segmentation of pulmonary nodules is an important preprocessing step in computer-aided diagnoses of lung cancers. However, the existing segmentation methods may cause the problem of edge leakage and cannot segment juxta-vascular pulmonary nodules accurately. To address this problem, a novel automatic segmentation method based on an LBF active contour model with information entropy and joint vector is proposed in this paper. Our method extracts the interest area of pulmonary nodules by a standard uptake value (SUV) in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images, and automatic threshold iteration is used to construct an initial contour roughly. The SUV information entropy and the gray-value joint vector of Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography (PET-CT) images are calculated to drive the evolution of contour curve. At the edge of pulmonary nodules, evolution will be stopped and accurate results of pulmonary nodule segmentation can be obtained. Experimental results show that our method can achieve 92.35% average dice similarity coefficient, 2.19 mm Hausdorff distance, and 3.33% false positive with the manual segmentation results. Compared with the existing methods, our proposed method that segments juxta-vascular pulmonary nodules in PET-CT images is more accurate and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a microfabricated 96-well wound-healing assay enabling high-throughput measurement of cellular migration capabilities. Within each well, the middle area is the wound region, made of microfabricated gold surface with self-assembled PEG repellent for cell seeding. After the formation of a cellular confluent monolayer around the wound region, collagen solution was applied to form three-dimensional matrix to cover the PEG surface, initiating the wound-healing process. By interpreting the numbers of migrated cells into the wound regions as a function of specific stimuli with different concentrations, EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) was obtained. Using H1299 as a model, values of EC50 were quantified as 8% and 160 ng/ml for fetal bovine serum and CXCL12, respectively. In addition, the values of EC50 were demonstrated not to be affected by variations in compositions of extracellular matrix and geometries of wounds, which can thus be regarded as an intrinsic marker. Furthermore, the migration capabilities of a second cell type (HeLa) were characterized by the developed wound-healing assay, producing EC50 of 2% when fetal bovine serum was used as the stimuli. These results validated the proposed high-throughput wound-healing assay, which may function as an enabling tool in studying cellular capabilities of migration and invasion. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of replacing dietary microalgae with artificial diet on pearl production traits and biomineralization-related gene expression were investigated in pearl oyster ( Pinctada fucata martensii). Three experiment groups ( EG1, EG2 and EG3) were set. EG1 and EG3 were separately fed Platymonas subcordiformis and artificial diet (D4), respectively, and EG2 was fed with mixed P. subcordiformis and D4. A control group ( CG) was cultured in natural sea. All groups were continuously fed for 150 days. The results showed that the survival rates of EG1, EG2 and EG3 were significantly higher than that of CG. No significant differences in retention rate and pearl thickness were observed among the four groups, but CG had the lowest values of both parameters. The relative expression levels of EGFR and FGF18 mRNA did not significantly differ among EG1, EG2 and EG3. Moreover, the relative expression levels of GHITM and TβR I mRNA significantly varied among the groups and EG3, and EG1 had the highest and lowest relative expression levels of GHITM and TβR I mRNA respectively. The relative expression levels of nacrein and chitin-binding mRNA significantly differed among the groups, and EG1 had the lowest expression levels of nacrein and chitin-binding mRNA. No significant differences in the relative expression levels of MSI60 and TIMP mRNA were observed among the groups. The results suggested that D4 can replace part of microalgae, which is helpful for further studies on developing artificial diet of pearl oyster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Here we represented the heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate (POM)‐based ionic liquids (ILs) catalyzed the effective alcoholysis of furfural alcohol (FAL) to alkyl levulinate. H5AlW12O40 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among HPAs, furnishing > 99 % FAL conversion and 80 % yield of butyl levulinate (BL). The incorporation of IL framework containing sulfate group into HPAs resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance. [MIMBS]5[AlW12O40] achieved the highest BL yield of 94 % and maintained a good catalytic activity after 6 times of recycle and reuse experiments. The effect of the Hammett acidity and structure of catalyst on the catalytic performance of HPAs and POM‐based ILs was also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article, a novel recyclable β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs)-based supramolecular adsorbent had been fabricated. With Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as core, the adsorbent could be separated from water conveniently. Moreover, the hydrophobic β-CDs caving had strong host-guest interaction with organic compounds to form complexes. With the pH value changing, the stable complexes would disassemble to recover the adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared analysis, X-ray diffraction measurement, transmission electron microscopy measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis had been explored to confirm the structure and properties of supramolecular adsorbent. Congo red and Rhodamine B were used to characterize the adsorption capacity of adsorbent. By changing the parameters such as temperature, time, adsorbent dosage, and pH value indicated that the designed adsorbent could rapidly remove organic dyes from water with satisfactory removal effects and adsorbent recycling capacity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45084. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials show unique electrical, mechanical, and catalytic performance owing to their ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement effects. However, ways to simply synthesize 2D metal oxide nanosheets through a general and facile method is still a big challenge. Herein, we report a generalized and facile strategy to synthesize large-size ultrathin 2D metal oxide nanosheets by using graphene oxide (GO) as a template in a wet-chemical system. Notably, the novel strategy mainly relies on accurately controlling the balance between heterogeneous growth and nucleation of metal oxides on the surface of GO, which is independent on the individual character of the metal elements. Therefore, ultrathin nanosheets of various metal oxides, including those from both main-group and transition elements, can be synthesized with large size. The ultrathin 2D metal oxide nanosheets also show controllable thickness and unique surface chemical state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It becomes increasingly important to develop integrated systems with the aim of achieving maximum functionality for the state-of-the-art electronic devices. Here, a flexible integrated electrical cable is reported by incorporating biomaterials based fiber supercapacitors into a resistor-capacitor circuit. In this unique integrated configuration, the fiber electrodes are alternately winded along the twisted electric wires, which worked not only as scaffolding to support and strengthen the slight electrodes but also as separators to spatially confine them to avoid short circuit. It exhibits excellent electrochemical performance comparable to conventional transition metal compounds based cells, and can especially realize sophisticated applications in synchronous energy transmission and storage, presenting a new member for the integrated energy storage system family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine deaminase ( ADA) inhibitors regulate cellular levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine and can be used as anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs or degradation inhibitors of adenosine drugs. Screening of natural ADA inhibitors indicated crude extracts from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel showed strong ADA inhibition. Genistin, genistein and daidzein from Tofu wastewater and cyanidin-3-rutinoside from litchi peel were purified with simple processes and identified as ADA inhibitors. Structure-activity investigation indicated genistein and cyanidin-3-rutinoside had high ADA inhibition at IC50 of 0.4 and 0.6 mg mL−1, respectively. Genistein and cyanidin-3-rutinoside showed synergistic anticancer and antibacterial activities with cordycepin. Docking simulation suggested that genistein and cyanidin-3-rutinoside can enter into ADA active site, bind with its functional amino acids through H-bonds and competitively inhibit the enzyme. This work indicated the extracts from Tofu wastewater and litchi peel, and their active flavonoids from food processing wasters can be used as health food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-long SiC nanowires with large aspect ratios of 2 × 104-5 were incorporated successfully into epoxy resin to form SiC nanowires/epoxy composite via a preliminary homogenously dispersive process in ethanol. 9.7 and 13.3% bending strength increases were achieved for the composites with the addition of very small quantity (0.1 and 0.125 wt%) of ultra-long SiC nanowires. The prepared ultra-long SiC nanowires have the highest enhanced efficiency than other shorter ones in epoxy resin composites. Microstructure analysis implies that the nanowire disperse homogenously in the composite and have well combination with matrix. The ultra-long nanowires can exert their extraordinary high modulus and tensile strength of SiC nanowires in this condition. The obtained high enhanced efficiency is the mutual effect of high modulus and strength, large aspect ratio, fine distributed state, moderate interface bondings, and formed a three-dimensional network of the ultra-long SiC nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 29-year-old White male presented to the ED reporting facial spasms, lower limb rigidity, ataxia and tremor that had developed over the previous 24 h. Topics include the denied using any serotonergic agents prior to this, the symptoms developed early the following morning and progressed during the day prompting presentation to hospital, and the well-nourished man who appeared anxious and diaphoretic.

A general approach toward extremely stretchable and highly conductive electrodes was developed. The method involves wrapping a continuous carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film around pre-stretched elastic wires, from which high-performance, stretchable wire-shaped supercapacitors were fabricated. The supercapacitors were made by twisting two such CNT-wrapped elastic wires, pre-coated with poly(vinyl alcohol)/H3PO4 hydrogel, as the electrolyte and separator. The resultant wire-shaped supercapacitors exhibited an extremely high elasticity of up to 350 % strain with a high device capacitance up to 30.7 F g−1, which is two times that of the state-of-the-art stretchable supercapacitor under only 100 % strain. The wire-shaped structure facilitated the integration of multiple supercapacitors into a single wire device to meet specific energy and power needs for various potential applications. These supercapacitors can be repeatedly stretched from 0 to 200 % strain for hundreds of cycles with no change in performance, thus outperforming all the reported state-of-the-art stretchable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Camptothecin, a widely used natural anti-cancer drug, is difficult to extract and purify effectively from plants. Objective To develop new and highly efficient extraction and purification methods for analysis and production of camptothecin from leaves and fruits of Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes pittosporoides roots. Methods Dried materials were loaded in empty columns with fivefold 60% ethanol for leaves or 70% ethanol for fruits of C. acumnata, and sixfold 70% ethanol for N. pittosporoides roots. The columns were eluted with the same solvents at room temperature. Eluent was collected as extraction solution. Extraction solution from leaves and fruits of C. acuminata was vacuum-evaporated to remove ethanol, precipitated at pH 8.0 to remove alkaline insolubles and fractionated with chloroform at pH 3.0, which yields a crude product with 70% purity. Extraction solution from N. pittosporoides roots was concentrated to 1/10 volume and precipitated at pH 3.0, which yields a crude product with 60% purity. All crude products were purified by crystallisation. All steps were monitored by HPLC. Results Camptothecin was extracted from the three plant materials at a 98% rate with 15- or 18-fold solvent for content analysis, or at a 97% rate with five- or sixfold solvent for production. All crude products were purified to 98%. The overall recovery rates of camptothecin from plant materials to purified products reached 92% or higher. Conclusion The new procedures are simple and highly efficient, and have multiple advantages for quantitative analysis and large production of camptothecin from plants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]