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The article discusses a study which examined the clinical and biological characteristics of patients with both myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukaemia (MDS/AML) and lymphoma. Topics include the complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT), the occurrence of MDS/AML in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the diagnosis of MDS/AML.

After relapse or progression of the CNS-MM disease, four of the 13 (31%) patients continued to receive second-line therapy for CNS-MM and one of 13 (8%) a third-line therapy. Keywords: multiple myeloma; central nervous system; extramedullary disease; intrathecal injections; thiotepa EN multiple myeloma central nervous system extramedullary disease intrathecal injections thiotepa e9 e12 4 04/19/21 20210415 NES 210415 The worldwide incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) has been rising continuously, representing an overall increase of 126% from 1990 to 2016 in almost all regions, regardless of socio-demographic status and availability of sensitive diagnostic techniques.1 Though remarkable progress has been made, the disease is still currently incurable. Emergence of central nervous system myeloma in the era of novel agents: CNS myeloma. [Extracted from the article]

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) syndrome (Kremer et al. [8]). These three cases of TTP occurred during lenalidomide therapy (Table)- there was nothing that can usually be associated with thrombotic microangiopathy - no infectious trigger, no association with other autoimmune disorders, and no drugs intake. For our patients, the presence of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in each case and the efficacy of TPE and/or rituximab therapies imply an immune-mediated reaction. Montefusco et al. ([10]) described six autoimmune diseases after lenalidomide administration to 140 patients (4-3%): three autoimmune cytopenias and three organ-specific autoimmune disorders, occurring mostly in the first months of treatment. [Extracted from the article]