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The oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM) is a common metric for estimating PM toxicity and linking PM exposure to adverse health effects. Organic aerosol (OA), a dominant fraction of ambient PM worldwide, may significantly contribute to PM toxicity. Here, we investigated the source‐based OA components contributing to the OP of PM in the urban (Beijing, summer and winter) and rural (Gucheng, winter) environments of the North China Plain (NCP). Various OA components as identified by the aerosol mass spectrometer/aerosol chemical speciation monitor (AMS/ACSM), transition metals, and black carbon were compared with the OP of PM measured by dithiothreitol assays. The results consistently demonstrate the importance of OA as a contributor to PM's OP in both urban and rural NCP environments. Higher intrinsic OP was observed in winter Beijing than in summer, possibly due to OA being predominantly from anthropogenic sources in winter. Furthermore, different OA components were found to drive the response of OP in the two environments. More‐oxidized oxygenated OA (MO‐OOA), cooking OA, and oxidized primary OA (during winter) are the OA contributors to OP in the urban environment, with a dominant contribution from MO‐OOA. In contrast, biomass burning OA (BBOA) and OOA play a major role in the OP in the rural environment, with BBOA making the largest contribution. Overall, this work highlights the significance of OA in determining PM's OP and calls for more work to reveal the sources and characteristics of OA components contributing to OP across different regions. Plain Language Summary: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a top risk factor for human health. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 is widely used to estimate PM2.5 toxicity and link PM2.5 exposure with its adverse health effects. Organic aerosol (OA) constitutes a major fraction of PM2.5 and can contribute substantially to the OP of PM2.5. But OA is also a complex mixture comprised of thousands of compounds each with widely different health effects. Here, we reveal the key OA components driving the OP in the urban and rural environments of the NCP. We find that more‐oxidized oxygenated OA, which is highly oxidized and can be formed from multiple atmospheric processes, is a dominant contributor to the OP in the urban environment. In contrast, biomass burning OA makes the largest contribution to the OP in the rural environment. In sum, different OA components are found to be the main drivers of the OP in the two environments. More studies are warranted to further our understanding of the causes, sources, and characteristics of the PM2.5 OP over a wide range of geographical regions. Key Points: Seasonal and spatial variations of oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter are foundOrganic aerosol (OA) is an important contributor to the oxidative potential in both urban and rural environmentsMore‐oxidized oxygenated OA and biomass burning OA have a dominant contribution to the OP in urban and rural environments, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C−C linked glutarimide‐containing structures with direct utility in the preparation of cereblon‐based degraders (PROTACs, CELMoDs) can be assessed in a single step from inexpensive, commercial α‐bromoglutarimide through a unique Brønsted‐acid assisted Ni‐electrocatalytic approach. The reaction tolerates a broad array of functional groups that are historically problematic and can be applied to the simplified synthesis of dozens of known compounds that have only been procured through laborious, wasteful, multi‐step sequences. The reaction is scalable in both batch and flow and features a trivial procedure wherein the most time‐consuming aspect of reaction setup is weighing out the starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modular total synthesis of kibdelomycin is disclosed that should enable structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of this interesting class of antibiotics. The route uses simple building blocks and addresses lingering questions about its structural assignment and relationship to amycolamicin, a recently described natural product reported to have a similar structure. Initial antibacterial assays reveal that both C‐22 epimers (the N‐glycosidic linkage) of the natural product have similar activity while structurally truncated analogs lose activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly active single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and identifying their intrinsic active sites in oxidizing industrial hazardous hydrocarbons are challenging prospects. Tuning the electronic metal‐support interactions (EMSIs) is valid for modulating the catalytic performance of SACs. We propose that the modulation of the EMSIs in a Pt1−CuO SAC significantly promotes the activity of the catalyst in acetone oxidation. The EMSIs promote charge redistribution through the unified Pt−O−Cu moieties, which modulates the d‐band structure of atomic Pt sites, and strengthens the adsorption and activation of reactants. The positively charged Pt atoms are superior for activating acetone at low temperatures, and the stretched Cu−O bonds facilitate the activation of lattice oxygen atoms to participate in subsequent oxidation. We believe that this work will guide researchers to engineer efficient SACs for application in hydrocarbon oxidation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignancy in gynecology. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as vital mediators in CC. However, the roles of circRNA ring finger protein 121 (circRNF121) in CC are largely unknown. Herein, we focused on the exact function and underlying mechanism of circRNF121 in CC development. Our results showed that circRNF121 was highly expressed in CC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circRNF121 suppressed cell growth, metastasis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, and wnt/β‐catenin pathway in CC cells in vitro and blocked tumor formation in vivo. For mechanism investigation, circRNF121 could affect activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) expression by decoying miR‐153‐3p, thereby accelerating CC cell development. In conclusion, circRNF121 exerted the tumor‐suppressive role in CC progression by altering miR‐153‐3p/ATF2 axis. These results suggested that circRNF121 might be a possible circ‐targeted therapy for patients with CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plasma‐activated water (PAW) treatment is a promising technology that has many advantages, such as high efficiency, flexibility, environmental safety, and no residue. Thus, PAW has been applied in the agriculture industry to increase agricultural production. The application of PAW technology in agricultural production should emphasize its systematic nature, controllability, and operability, making it practical. This review systematically illustrates the production of PAW and the factors influencing it. The application of PAW in agriculture and its mechanism are discussed, including the effect on seed germination, the promotion of plant growth, and the control of plant diseases and pests. The implications of PAW for agriculture production and some of the related challenges are discussed. This review provides a deeper understanding of the viability of PAW technology in agriculture production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel homometallic Ru−Ru and heterometallic Ru−Os dimers and trimers, [MII(bpy)2(4‐tpy‐4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)MII(tpy)]4+ and [MII(bpy)2](4‐tpy‐4′‐tpy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(MII(tpy))2]6+, have been first prepared and characterized. Electrochemical properties of the metal‐based reversible oxidation and ligand‐based reduction are measured. Spectroscopic analysis of these complexes exhibits for every Ru‐ or Os‐based subunit an individual intense absorption spectrum extended over the entire UV and visible region. The heteronuclear complexes [RuII(bpy)2(4‐tpy‐4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)OsII(tpy)]4+, [RuII(bpy)2](4‐tpy‐4′‐tpy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(OsII(tpy))2]6+, and [OsII(bpy)2](4‐tpy‐4′‐tpy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(RuII(tpy))2]6+ display a weak emission spectrum in the near‐infrared region (NIR). The luminescence of the polynuclear assemblies is quantitatively quenched, by intramolecular energy transfer to the lower‐lying metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) and metal‐centered (3MC) state of the Os(II)‐based center or Ru(II)‐terpyridine moiety at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐assembly of transition metal ions with different N‐donor ligands and 3,3′‐azodibenzoic acid (3,3′‐H2ADB) yielded five novel metal‐organic frameworks. All the 3,3′‐ADB2– anions got oxidized into 3,3′‐AO2DB2– and 3,3′‐AODB2– under solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 has a 3D 6‐connected pcu architecture based on [Mn3(COO)6] SBU. Compound 2 exhibits 3D threefold interpenetrating framework based on paddlewheel [Mn2(COO)4] SBU with 41263 topological configuration. Compound 3 bears zigzag double chains, which are then connected by π–π stacking interactions into 2D porous structure. Compound 4 features 2D network with self‐penetrating feature. Compound 5 exhibits a fivefold interpenetrating architecture with dia type. Magnetic measurements show that 1, 2 and 5 exhibit antiferromagnetic behavior. In addition, compound 3 displays significant adsorption towards methylene blue in aqueous solution. Thermogravimetric analyses for 1–5 and the luminescence properties of 3 and 4 have also been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: During planting, storage and transportation of maize excessive amounts of pesticides are used to ensure production, resulting in pesticide residues on the maize that can threaten human health. Plasma, compared with other technologies, has been widely regarded as a green, safe and promising technology for surface decontamination to ensure maize safety and quality. RESULTS: The aim of this study is to discuss plasma effects on the degradation of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl on maize surface and the changes of treated maize quality. Results achieved the largest degradation efficiency of chlorpyrifos and carbaryl, up to 91.5% and 73.1%, respectively. The physical changes of maize were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a decrease in contact angle, an increase in surface free energy and polar component, leading to improved hydrophilicity of the treated maize. There was no significant change of vitamin B2 content of maize. A significant increase of acid value and decrease of moisture content and starch content were observed within acceptable limits. CONCLUSION: It is reasonable to believe that argon plasma treatment enhances the edible safety of maize while maintaining maize quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxides@MOFs core‐shell materials were developed for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3‐SCR). A novel CuO@Cu‐MOFs core‐shell material with CuO as the core and Cu3(BTC)2 as the shell were rationally designed and synthesized by an in situ growth method and used in NH3‐SCR reaction. The prepared CuO@Cu‐MOFs materials combined physicochemical properties of CuO (high NO adsorption stability and excellent surface reducibility) and Cu3(BTC)2 (large specific surface area and abundant acid sites). In addition, the core‐shell materials held large amounts of Brønsted acid sites and abundant adsorbed NOx intermediate species, which benefited NH3‐SCR reaction under low‐temperature. Experimental results demonstrated that CuO@Cu‐MOFs possessed higher low‐temperature catalytic activity than that of pure CuO and Cu3(BTC)2. Importantly, CuO@Cu‐MOFs performed satisfied stability in NH3‐SCR reaction, which made it to be a potential and promising low‐temperature SCR catalyst. All grown up! CuO@Cu3(BTC)2 core‐shell materials which combined the advantages of CuO and Cu3(BTC)2 perform superb low‐temperature catalytic activity in NH3‐SCR reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diastereoselective approach for the total synthesis of an unusual atropisomer of the Schisandra triterpenoid (±)‐schiglautone A is described. The efficient synthetic strategy features three key transformations: 1) two sequential titanium(III)‐catalyzed radical cyclization/homologation reactions to construct the trans‐fused [6,7] bicycle as well as install the quaternary carbons at C10 and C14 with the desired stereochemistry; 2) a Claisen rearrangement followed by a ring‐closing metathesis to forge the strained nine‐membered ring; and 3) a substrate‐controlled Michael addition to enable the introduction of the C17 side‐chain with good diastereoselectivity. One is not like the other: A diastereoselective approach for the total synthesis of an unusual atropisomer of the Schisandra triterpenoid schiglautone A is described. The key features are two sequential TiIII‐catalyzed radical reactions, a ring‐closing metathesis, and a substrate‐controlled Michael addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The full exposure of active ingredients plays an important role in the enhancement of catalytic performance. In this work, a series of novel catalysts, Mn−Co mixed oxide nanosheets with ultrathin thickness (about 3.5 nm) and different Mn/Co ratios (0.52, 0.69, and 1.52) vertically anchored on a support (H2Ti3O7 nanowires), are rationally developed. This unique structure not only fully exposes the active ingredients of the Mn−Co mixed oxides, but also is very favorable for the diffusion and transfer of gas molecules through the space between these standing nanosheets. As expected, the developed catalysts (MnOx‐CoOy/H2Ti3O7, MnCoTi), especially MnCoTi‐2 with the Mn/Co molar ratio of 0.69, present excellent low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance, high N2 selectivity, superior water tolerance and stability. The relative turnover frequency (TOF) value over MnCoTi‐2 at 100 °C is as high as 9.25×10−4 s−1 under the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 200 000 h−1, which is rarely reported among Mn‐Ti, Mn−Co, and Mn−Co‐Ti mixed oxide catalysts. The results of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy suggest that the coordinated NH3, NH4+ ions, adsorbed NO2, and bidentate nitrate are the reactive species and the Eley–Rideal and Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanisms can be simultaneously involved on the surface of the MnCoTi‐2 at a relatively low temperature (90 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Metastasis‐associated protein 2 (MTA2) is overexpressed in certain malignancies, and plays important roles in tumour metastasis and progression. The present study highlights the function of MTA2 in pancreatic carcinoma through its role as a deacetylator of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and a cotranscriptional factor for E‐cadherin expression. We found that overexpression of MTA2 promoted, and knockdown of MTA2 inhibited, the invasion and proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells both in vitro and in xenograft models in vivo. We also found that MTA2 is transcriptionally upregulated by HIF‐1α through a hypoxia response element (HRE) of the MTA2 promoter in response to hypoxia. Reciprocally, MTA2 deacetylates HIF‐1α and enhances its stability through interacting with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Consequently, HIF‐1α recruits MTA2 and HDAC1 to the HRE of the E‐cadherin promoter, by which E‐cadherin transcription is repressed. In agreement with these experimental results, MTA2 is positively associated with HIF‐1α, but inversely correlated with E‐cadherin, in pancreatic carcinoma samples. Moreover, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas on 172 pancreatic carcinomas indicate an association between high expression of MTA2 and short overall survival. Taken together, our study identifies MTA2 as a critical hub and potential therapeutic target to inhibit the progression and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A comprehensive study was carried out on amorphous metal‐organic frameworks Mn‐MIL‐100 as efficient catalysts for CO oxidation. This study focused on explaining the crystalline–amorphous–crystalline transformations during thermolysis of Mn‐MIL‐100 and studying the structure changes during the CO oxidation reaction. A possible formation mechanism of amorphous Mn‐MIL‐100 was proposed. Amorphous Mn‐MIL‐100 obtained by calcination at 250 °C (a‐Mn‐250) showed a smaller specific surface area (4 m2 g−1) but high catalytic activity. Furthermore, the structure of amorphous Mn‐MIL‐100 was labile during the reaction. When a‐Mn‐250 was treated with reaction atmosphere at high temperature (giving used‐a‐Mn‐250‐S), the amorphous catalysts transformed into Mn2O3. Meanwhile, the BET surface area (164 m2 g−1) and catalytic performance both sharply increased. In addition, used‐a‐Mn‐250‐S catalyst transformed from Mn2O3 into Mn3O4, and this resulted in a slight decrease of catalytic activity in the presence of 1 vol % water vapor in the feed stream. A schematic mechanism of the structure changes during the reaction process was proposed. The success of the synthesis relies on the increase in BET surface area by using CO as retreatment atmosphere, and the enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to the unique structure, a large quantity of surface active oxygen species, oxygen vacancies, and good low‐temperature reduction behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the severe degradation of wetland ecosystems in China, great efforts, such as the reconstruction of forested wetlands, have been devoted to restore the damaged and degraded wetlands to support species diversity and ecosystem services. However, less attention has been given to the diversity and ecological significance of prokaryotes of the domain Archaea compared with prokaryotes of the domain Bacteria during the reconstruction of forested wetlands. Here, the effects of introduced woody plants ( Taxodium distichum and Alnus trabeculosa) on the archaeal community in a freshwater wetland in the Yangtze estuary were investigated. The results showed that Thaumarchaeota obviously predominated at three studied sites in the freshwater wetland, the relative abundance of which decreased with increasing depth, ranging from 93.9% (0-10 cm) to 1.9% (30-40 cm) in mudflats, from 100% (0-10 cm) to 64.8% (30-40 cm) in T. distichum sediment and from 100% (0-10 cm) to 66.7% (40-50 cm) in A. trabeculosa sediment. The abundances of the archaeal amoA gene in woody plant sediments, ranging from 3.27 × 107 to 2.45 × 108 copies g−1 dry soil, were significantly higher than those in bare mudflat, ranging from 9.23 × 106 to 1.35 × 107 copies g−1 dry soil. The archaeal community, which was significantly affected by pH, microbial carbon and SO42− contents according to a canonical correspondence analysis, was significantly altered by plants and soil depth ( p < 0.05). These results indicated that the introduction of woody plants stimulates the proliferation of Thaumarchaeota, especially ammonia-oxidizing archaea, which could be important contributors to the N cycle in forested wetland ecosystems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MnII-basedporousmetal-organicframework,[Mn3(btca)2-(HCOO)(μ3-OH)(H2O)2]·2DMF (1) (H2 btca = benzotriazole-5-carboxylate acid), was prepared by the solvothermal reaction of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O and H2btca, which was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and X-ray crystallographic study. 1 exhibits 3D framework with 1D rectangle channels constructed by the strip-shaped chains containing [Mn5(μ3-OH)2(btca)4]- pentaclusters subunits. Furthermore, the magnetic measures show that 1 exhibits weak ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major components, 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy-xanthone (HM-1) and 1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-xanthone (HM-5) isolated from Halenia elliptica D. Don (Gentianaceae), could cause vasodilatation in rat coronary artery with different mechanisms. In this work, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) was used to clarify the metabolic pathways, and CYP450 isoform involvement of HM-1 and HM-5 were also studied in rat. At the same time, in vivo inhibition effects of HM-1 and ethyl acetate extracts from origin herb were studied. Three metabolites of HM-5 were found in rat liver microsomes (RLMs); demethylation and hydroxylation were the major phase I metabolic reactions for HM-5. Multiple CYP450s were involved in metabolism of HM-1 and HM-5. The inhibition study showed that HM-5 inhibited Cyp1a2, 2c6 and 2d2 in RLMs. HM-1 inhibited activities of Cyp1a2, Cyp2c6 and Cyp3a2. In vivo experiment demonstrated that both HM-1 and ethyl acetate extracts could inhibit Cyp3a2 in rats. In conclusion, the metabolism of xanthones from the origin herb involved multiple CYP450 isoforms; in vitro, metabolism of HM-5 was similar to that of its parent drug HM-1, but their inhibition effects upon CYP450s were different; in vivo, Cyp3a2 could be inhibited by HM-1 and ethyl acetate extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performances of nonthermal plasma-driven catalysis system (NTP-C) for real gasoline engine tail gas purification were studied with different supported catalysts (i.e. La0.8 K0.2MnOx/5A, La0.8 K0.2MnOx/γ-Al2O3, La0.9 K0.1CoOx/5A, and La0.9 K0.1CoOx/γ-Al2O3) prepared by a high-temperature solid state reaction method. To clarify the effectiveness of the NTP-C system, a NTP reactor was employed, which has the same inner structure as the NTP-C but without catalyst. The removal efficiency of studied pollutants is following the order of HC > NOx > CO in all NTP-C coupling system. Active phase component has crucial effects on the removal efficiency of pollutant. NTP coupled with La0.9 K0.1CoOx/5A catalyst shows the best pollutant removal efficiency with 65%, 75%, and 85% of CO, HC, and NOx converted at 1400 J/L, respectively. Oxygen content in the tail gas has significant influences on pollutant decomposition, and the active oxygen atom makes a vital contribution to the higher HC removal efficiency. It can be expected that lots of chemical reactions induced by multicomponent precursors in practical vehicle tail gas reduce the pollutant removal efficiency, especially for CO and NOx. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a concise and stereoselective approach for the divergent total synthesis of (−)-indoxamycins A-F is described. The key steps of the strategy include an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, an enantioselective 1,6-enyne reductive cyclization, and a tandem 1,2-addition/oxa-Michael/methylenation reaction. The relative and absolute configuration of these natural products has been unambiguously elucidated, and their cytotoxic activities against HT-29 and A-549 tumor cell lines are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concise and divergent total synthesis of (−)‐indoxamycins A, C, and F has been completed for the first time by using a tricyclic enone as the common late‐stage intermediate. The key steps of the strategy are based on an Ireland–Claisen rearrangement, a stereodivergent reductive 1,6‐enyne cyclization, and a tandem 1,2‐addition/oxa‐Michael/methylenation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This work aimed at investigating the reaction behaviors and kinetics of catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, and ethyl acetate over Pd/SBA-15 catalyst. Results for single components show that toluene ( T50 = 185-215 °C) is more easily oxidized than ethyl acetate ( T50 = 220-255 °C) and benzene ( T50 = 215-290 °C). The conversion of toluene and benzene decreases continuously as their inlet concentrations are increased. The conversion of ethyl acetate increases slightly when its feed concentration increases in a small range, while this trend is not kept when the concentration is further raised. Results for multicomponents reveal that the presence of benzene or toluene inhibits the conversion of ethyl acetate, and the aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit each other. Ethyl acetate has an inhibitory effect on benzene, while it is interested to note that the promotion behaviors are observed for toluene. Kinetic results of all studied volatile organic compounds obtained in the absence of diffusion limitations are fit to the Mars-van Krevelen expressions. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The current research characterized various Co/zeolite catalysts prepared by wet incipient impregnation approach and investigated their N2O catalytic decomposition activities. The Co/zeolite catalysts were characterized by BET, H2-TPR, UV-vis, NH3-TPD and TEM in detail, which reveals that the physicochemical properties of these catalysts are determined by the type of zeolite support, the cobalt species and their location (internal or external surface). In particular, it is found that the loaded cobalt species have great effects on the acidic property of zeolite supports. Co/Beta-3% shows the highest catalytic activity and the cobalt loading content slightly influences the catalytic activities of Co/Beta catalysts. Moreover, the catalytic performance of Co/Beta-3% is not disturbed by the presence of NO and O2. As thus, we believed that Beta zeolite is the most suitable support to prepare Co-loaded catalyst for N2O decomposition in our work. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bivariate Markov regime switching model is employed to verify whether the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, or the negative effects of inflation and inflation uncertainty on output growth, vary with the level of inflation. Inflation and inflation uncertainty are positively correlated in the high-inflation regime. In contrast, in the low-inflation regime, the direct effect of inflation on output growth is insignificant, but the indirect negative effect on growth via inflation uncertainty is highly significant. The negative influence in a high-inflation regime is 2.664 times greater than that in a low-inflation regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysts with single‐atom active sites offer a means of expanding the industrial application of noble metal catalysts. Herein, an atomically dispersed Pt1‐Co3O4 catalyst is presented, which exhibits an exceptionally high efficiency for the total oxidation of methanol. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that this catalyst consists of Pt sites with a large proportion of occupied high electronic states. These sites possess a strong affinity for inactive Co2+ sites and anchor over the surface of (111) crystal plane, which increases the metal–support interaction of the Pt1‐Co3O4 material and accelerates the rate of oxygen vacancies regeneration. In turn, this is determined to promote the coadsorption of the probe methanol molecule and O2. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the electron transfer over the oxygen vacancies reduces both the methanol adsorption energy and activation barriers for methanol oxidation, which is proposed to significantly enhance the dissociation of the CH bond in the methanol decomposition reaction. This investigation serves as a solid foundation for characterizing and understanding single‐atom catalysts for heterogeneous oxidation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

None of the compounds show significant cytotoxic activities against HT-29 and A-549 tumor cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: [16 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the total syntheses the originally reported structures of the target compounds are revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]