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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of CLCN6‐related disease and to assess whether its Cl−/H+‐exchange activity is crucial for the biological role of ClC‐6. Methods: We performed whole‐exome sequencing on a girl with development delay, intractable epilepsy, behavioral abnormities, retinal dysfunction, progressive brain atrophy, suggestive of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). We generated and analyzed the first knock‐in mouse model of a patient variant (p.E200A) and compared it with a Clcn6−/− mouse model. Additional functional tests were performed with heterologous expression of mutant ClC‐6. Results: We identified a de novo heterozygous p.E200A variant in the proband. Expression of disease‐causing ClC‐6E200A or ClC‐6Y553C mutants blocked autophagic flux and activated transcription factors EB (TFEB) and E3 (TFE3), leading to autophagic vesicle and cholesterol accumulation. Such alterations were absent with a transport‐deficient ClC‐6E267A mutant. Clcn6E200A/+ mice developed severe neurodegeneration with typical features of NCLs. Mutant ClC‐6E200A, but not loss of ClC‐6 in Clcn6−/− mice, increased lysosomal biogenesis by suppressing mTORC1‐TFEB signaling, blocked autophagic flux through impairing lysosomal function, and increased apoptosis. Carbohydrate and lipid deposits accumulated in Clcn6E200A/+ brain, while only lipid storage was found in Clcn6−/− brain. Lysosome dysfunction, autophagy defects, and gliosis were early pathogenic events preceding neuron loss. Interpretation: CLCN6 is a novel genetic cause of NCLs, highlighting the importance of considering CLCN6 mutations in the diagnostic workup for molecularly undefined forms of NCLs. Uncoupling of Cl− transport from H+ countertransport in the E200A mutant has a dominant effect on the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:608–624 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinspired molecular engineering strategies have emerged as powerful tools that significantly enhance the development of novel therapeutics, improving efficacy, specificity, and safety in disease treatment. Recent advancements have focused on identifying and utilizing disease‐associated biomarkers to optimize drug activity and address challenges inherent in traditional therapeutics, such as frequent drug administrations, poor patient adherence, and increased risk of adverse effects. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in bioinspired artificial systems (BAS) that use molecular engineering to tailor therapeutic responses to drugs in the presence of disease‐specific biomarkers. We examine the transition from open‐loop systems, which rely on external cues, to closed‐loop feedback systems capable of autonomous self‐regulation in response to disease‐associated biomarkers. We detail various BAS modalities designed to achieve biomarker‐driven therapy, including activatable prodrug molecules, smart drug delivery platforms, autonomous artificial cells, and synthetic receptor‐based cell therapies, elucidating their operational principles and practical in vivo applications. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in the advancement of BAS‐enabled technology and envision that ongoing advancements toward more programmable and customizable BAS‐based therapeutics will significantly enhance precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL‐ODH) of ethane represents a highly effective approach for converting ethane into the value‐added product ethylene. This investigation focused on the synthesis of SrMnO3 and its halide ions doped derivatives (SrMnO3Cl and SrMnO3Br) through the sol‐gel method. The performance of these perovskites, employed as oxygen carriers in CL‐ODH of ethane, was explored. The results unveiled several advantageous outcomes arising from the incorporation of halide ions (Cl− and Br−) with larger radius into the oxygen sites of the SrMnO3 perovskite. Halide ions doping notably induced cell volume expansion and enhanced lattice fringe spacing. Furthermore, it contributed to elevated oxygen vacancy concentration, increased Mn4+/Mn3+ molar ratio, and improved oxygen ions mobility within the bulk lattice. Fixed‐bed experiments demonstrated that these redox catalysts, doped with halide ions, exhibited outstanding activity and stability during cycling tests, exhibiting enhanced both ethylene selectivity and yield in CL‐ODH of ethane. In summary, the introduction of halide ions into SrMnO3 emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of CL‐ODH in ethane conversion for SrMnO3 based oxygen carriers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing metal oxides as oxygen carriers, chemical looping demonstrates its effectiveness in transferring oxygen between reduction and oxidation environments to partially oxidize fuels into syngas and convert CO2 into CO. Generally, NiFe2O4 oxygen carriers have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in chemical looping CO2 conversion. Nevertheless, the intricate process of atomic migration and evolution within the internal structure of bimetallic oxygen carriers during continuous high‐temperature redox cycling remains unclear. Consequently, the lack of a fundamental understanding of the complex ionic migration and oxygen transfer associated with energy conversion processes hampers the design of high‐performance oxygen carriers. Thus, in this study, we employed in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations to investigate the ion migration behavior and structural evolution in the bulk of NiFe2O4 oxygen carriers during H2 reduction and CO2/lab air oxidation cycles. We discovered that during the H2 reduction step, lattice oxygen rapidly migrates to vacancy layers to replenish consumed active oxygen species, while Ni leaches from the material and migrates to the surface. During the CO2 splitting step, Ni migrates toward the core of the bimetallic oxygen carrier, forming Fe–Ni alloys. During the air oxidation step, Fe–Ni migrates outward, creating a hollow structure owing to the Kirkendall effect triggered by the swift transfer of lattice oxygen. The metal atom migration paths depend on the oxygen transfer rates. These discoveries highlight the significance of regulating the release–recovery rate of lattice oxygen to uphold the structures and reactivity of oxygen carriers. This work offers a comprehensive understanding of the oxidation/reduction‐driven atomic interdiffusion behavior of bimetallic oxygen carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have only paid limited attention to petite feet as a US fashion and as a cross‐cultural beauty ideal. Framed as a visual metaphor of Chinese alterity, traditionalism and patriarchal oppression, footbinding served as a crucial terrain in which the USA asserted its supremacy through a racialised discourse of difference at the turn of the twentieth century. Through a comparative lens, this article spotlights powerful details about shared ideologies of women's bodies in the USA and China. By tracing how women's feet were discussed in newspaper and magazine coverage of US small foot fashion and foot contests, and locating these narratives in a global context, it uncovers the ways in which the discourse of modernity, ideology of white superiority and imperialism naturalised Western women's foot beauty norm as an aesthetic ideal, which obscured the convergences of feminine beauty standards in different parts of the world. Ironically, this racialised global hierarchy of beauty under the guise of modernity tapped into a traditional form of femininity and upset efforts to reflect on the limits of white women's agency both in a traditional patriarchal culture and in a modernising US society, which ultimately constrained possibilities of local and global transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of reducing or withdrawing anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) in a cohort comprising both adults and children with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) undergoing ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical profiles in adults and children with DRE who had adhered to KDT for at least 6 months. Successful withdrawal or reduction of an ASM was defined as discontinuation or dose reduction without subsequent resumption or increase and without initiation of any new ASM throughout the entire follow‐up period. Changes in the ASM load were calculated specifically for adult patients. Results: The study enrolled 56 participants (34 children and 22 adults) with DRE, with 64.3% achieving successful withdrawal of at least one ASM. The probability of ASM withdrawal remained consistent for children (64.7%) versus adults (63.6%), as well as for responders (62.5%) versus non‐responders (68.8%), and it was not associated with other clinical factors. Early ASM reduction (including withdrawal) after diet initiation occurred in 15 patients (26.8%), with treatment outcomes comparable to those of the remaining participants. Among the 22 adults, the mean values of ASM load reduced by 24.5%, with a similar magnitude observed for responders (24.2%) versus non‐responders (25.1%). In addition, adults tend to have a slower elevation in serum ketone levels compared to children. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the safe achievability of ASM withdrawal through KDT in most patients with DRE, irrespective of age or seizure frequency reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To retrieve, analyse and summarize the relevant evidence on the prevention and management of bladder dysfunction in patients with cervical ancer after radical hysterectomy. Design: Overview of systematic reviews. Methods: 11 databases were searched for relevant studies from top to bottom according to the '6S' model of evidence‐based resources. Two independent reviewers selected the articles, extracted the data and appraised the quality of the included reviews based on different types of evaluation tools. Results: A total of 13 studies were identified, including four clinical consultants, four guidelines, four systematic reviews and one randomized controlled trial. 29 best evidence were summarized from five aspects, including definition, risk factors, assessment, prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging high entropy compounds (HECs) have attracted huge attention in electrochemical energy‐related applications. The features of ultrafine size and carbon incorporation show great potential to boost the ion‐storage kinetics of HECs. However, they are rarely reported because high‐temperature calcination tends to result in larger crystallites, phase separation, and carbon reduction. Herein, using the NaCl self‐assembly template method, by introducing a high‐pressure field in the calcination process, the atom diffusion and phase separation are inhibited for the general formation of HECs, and the HEC aggregation is inhibited for obtaining ultrafine size. The general preparation of ultrafine‐sized (<10 nm) HECs (nitrides, oxides, sulfides, and phosphates) anchored on porous carbon composites is realized. They are demonstrated by combining advanced characterization technologies with theoretical computations. Ultrafine‐sized high entropy sulfides‐MnFeCoCuSnMo/porous carbon (HES‐MnFeCoCuSnMo/PC) as representative anodes exhibit excellent sodium‐ion storage kinetics and capacities (a high rating capacity of 278 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 for full cell and a high cycling capacity of 281 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 after 6000 cycles for half cell) due to the combining advantages of high entropy effect, ultrafine size, and PC incorporation. Our work provides a new opportunity for designing and fabricating ultrafine‐sized HECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with DNA mismatch repair‐proficient/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC), which accounts for 85% of all CRC cases, display a poor respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., anti‐PD‐1 antibodies). pMMR/MSS CRC patients with locally advanced cancers need effective combined therapies. Methods: In this pilot study, we administered six preoperative doses of each 2‐week cycle of the anti‐PD‐1 antibody sintilimab (at a fixed dose of 200 mg), oxaliplatin, and 5‐FU/CF (mFOLFOX6) combined with five doses of bevacizumab (the number of doses was reduced to prevent surgical delays) to patients with cT4NxM0 colon or upper rectal cancers. And radical surgery was performed approximately 2 weeks after the last dose of neoadjuvant therapy. The primary endpoint was a pathologic complete response (pCR). We also evaluated major pathologic response (MPR, ≤10% residual viable tumor), radiological and pathological regression, safety, and tumor mutation burden (TMB), and tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics. Results: By the cutoff date (September 2023), 22 patients with cT4NxM0 pMMR/MSS colon or upper rectal cancers were enrolled and the median follow‐up was 24.7 months (IQR: 21.1–26.1). All patients underwent R0 surgical resection without treatment‐related surgical delays. pCR occurred in 12 of 22 resected tumors (54.5%) and MPR occurred in 18 of 22 (81.8%) patients. At the cutoff date, all patients were alive, and 21/22 were recurrence‐free. Treatment‐related adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in of 2/22 (9.1%) patients. Among the pCR tumors, two were found to harbor POLE mutations. The degree of pathological regression was significantly greater than that of radiological regression (p = 1.35 × 10−8). The number of CD3+/CD4+ cells in the tumor and stroma in pretreated biopsied tissues was markedly lower in pCR tumors than in non‐pCR tumors (p = 0.038 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant sintilimab combined with bevacizumab and mFOLFOX6 was associated with few side effects, did not delay surgery, and led to pCR and non‐pCR in 54.5% and 81.8% of the cases, respectively. Downregulation of CD3/CD4 expression in the tumor and stroma is related to pCR. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PD‐1 blockade‐enhanced targeted chemotherapy require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show significant potential for osteogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms of osteogenic capability in osteoporosis‐derived BMSCs (OP‐BMSCs) remain unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of YTHDF3 (YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3) on the osteogenic traits of OP‐BMSCs and identify potential therapeutic targets to boost their bone formation ability. Methods: We examined microarray datasets (GSE35956 and GSE35958) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify potential m6A regulators in osteoporosis (OP). Employing differential, protein interaction, and machine learning analyses, we pinpointed critical hub genes linked to OP. We further probed the relationship between these genes and OP using single‐cell analysis, immune infiltration assessment, and Mendelian randomization. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments validated the expression and functionality of the key hub gene. Results: Differential analysis revealed seven key hub genes related to OP, with YTHDF3 as a central player, supported by protein interaction analysis and machine learning methodologies. Subsequent single‐cell, immune infiltration, and Mendelian randomization studies consistently validated YTHDF3's significant link to osteoporosis. YTHDF3 levels are significantly reduced in femoral head tissue from postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients and femoral bone tissue from PMOP mice. Additionally, silencing YTHDF3 in OP‐BMSCs substantially impedes their proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion: YTHDF3 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of OP by regulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of OP‐BMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: MicroRNAs are essential in plant development and stress resistance, but their specific roles in drought stress require further investigation.Here, we have uncovered that a Populus‐specific microRNAs (miRNA), miR6445, targeting NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family genes, is involved in regulating drought tolerance of poplar.The expression level of miR6445 was significantly upregulated under drought stress; concomitantly, seven targeted NAC genes showed significant downregulation. Silencing the expression of miR6445 by short tandem target mimic technology significantly decreased the drought tolerance in poplar. Furthermore, 5′ RACE experiments confirmed that miR6445 directly targeted NAC029. The overexpression lines of PtrNAC029 (OE‐NAC029) showed increased sensitivity to drought compared with knockout lines (Crispr‐NAC029), consistent with the drought‐sensitive phenotype observed in miR6445‐silenced strains. PtrNAC029 was further verified to directly bind to the promoters of glutathione S‐transferase U23 (GSTU23) and inhibit its expression. Both Crispr‐NAC029 and PtrGSTU23 overexpressing plants showed higher levels of PtrGSTU23 transcript and GST activity while accumulating less reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, poplars overexpressing GSTU23 demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance.Taken together, our research reveals the crucial role of the miR6445‐NAC029‐GSTU23 module in enhancing poplar drought tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis. This finding provides new molecular targets for improving the drought resistance of trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The micro‐nano structure of 3D‐printed porous titanium (Ti) alloy with excellent performance in avoiding stress shielding and promoting bone tissue differentiation provides a new opportunity for the development of bone implants, but it necessitates higher requirements for bone tissue differentiation and the antibacterial properties of bone implants in clinical practice. Methods: This study investigated the preparation, antimicrobial properties, and osteogenesis‐promoting ability of the 3D printed porous Ti alloy anodic oxidized Ag‐carrying (Ag@3D‐TiO2) scaffolds. The 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐Ti), anodized 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐TiO2), and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were synthesized using electron beam melting. The antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds were examined using antibacterial tests and their cytocompatibility was assessed using a cell proliferation assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. In vitro cellular assays were used to investigate the effects of the scaffold microstructural features on cell activity, proliferation, and osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins. In vivo animal experiments were used to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and osteogenesis‐promoting abilities of the scaffolds. Results: The Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds exhibited sustained anti‐microbial activity over time, enhanced cell proliferation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation, and increased extracellular matrix mineralization. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL‐I), and osteocalcin (OCN)‐related genes and proteins were upregulated. In vivo animal implantation experiments, the anti‐inflammatory effect of the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were observed using histology, and a large amount of fibrous connective tissue was present around it; the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were more bio‐compatible with the surrounding tissues compared with 3D‐Ti and 3D‐TiO2; a large amount of uniformly distributed neoplastic bone tissue existed in their pores, and the chronic systemic toxicity test showed that the 3D‐Ti, 3D‐TiO2, and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds are biologically safe. Conclusion: The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that exhibits antimicrobial properties and can aid bone growth, making it highly suitable for use in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, deep neural network (DNN) and chain parameter methods are used to analyze the crosstalk coupling of a star‐quad and a twisted bundle of twisted wire pairs (TBTWP) cables for different excitations, respectively. A DNN is used to extract the per‐unit‐length (p.u.l) resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance (RLCG) parameters at any position for the star‐quad and TBTWP cables. The induced common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) currents due to crosstalk are calculated by combining the obtained RLCG parameters with the chain parameter method. The obtained results show good agreement with that of FEKO software. Moreover, it is found that the star‐quad cable can reduce the external coupling more effectively than that of the TBTWP cable. Finally, measurements are performed to further validate the accuracy of our proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes to the wound dressing frequently cause pain. Some adverse side effects of pharmacologic pain management may cause problems or even impede wound healing. There is no systematic study of non‐pharmacologic therapies for pain during wound dressing changes, despite the gradual promotion of non‐pharmacologic pain reduction methods. Objective s : To give clinical wound pain management a new direction, locating and assessing non‐pharmacological interventions regarding pain brought on by wound dressing changes are necessary. Method: The researchers conducted a comprehensive literature review on non‐pharmacological interventions for pain during wound dressing changes across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library spanning the period from January 2010 to September 2022. The evaluation of literature and data extraction was carried out independently by two researchers, and in cases of disagreement, a third researcher participated in the deliberation. To assess the risk of bias in the literature, the researchers utilised the Cochrane Handbook for Reviews of Interventions, version 5.1.0. Results: In total, 951 people were involved in 11 investigations covering seven non‐pharmacological therapies. For pain triggered by dressing changes, virtual reality (VR) distraction, auditory and visual distractions, foot reflexology, religious and spiritual care, and guided imaging demonstrated partially positive effects, with hypnosis therapy and jaw relaxation perhaps having a weak effect. Conclusion: The key to managing wounds is pain management. According to our review, there is some indication that non‐pharmacologic interventions can help patients feel less discomfort when having their wound dressings changed. However, the evidence supporting this view is weak. It needs to be corroborated by future research studies with multicentre and large samples. To promote and use various non‐pharmacologic interventions in the future, it is also necessary to build standardised and homogenised paths for their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a member of the lipocalin superfamily of proteins, is involved in lipid transport and stress resistance. Whereas only a single copy of the ApoD gene is found in humans and some other vertebrates, there are typically several ApoD‐like genes in insects. To date, there have been relatively few studies that have examined the evolution and functional differentiation of ApoD‐like genes in insects, particularly hemi‐metabolous insects. In this study, we identified 10 ApoD‐like genes (NlApoD1−10) with distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in Nilaparvata lugens (BPH), which is an important pest of rice. NlApoD1−10 were found to be distributed on 3 chromosomes in a tandem array of NlApoD1/2, NlApoD3−5, and NlApoD7/8, and show sequence and gene structural divergence in the coding regions, indicating that multiple gene duplication events occurred during evolution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NlApoD1−10 can be clustered into 5 clades, with NlApoD3−5 and NlApoD7/8 potentially evolving exclusively in the Delphacidae family. Functional screening using an RNA interference approach revealed that only NlApoD2 was essential for BPH development and survival, whereas NlApoD4/5 are highly expressed in testes, and might play roles in reproduction. Moreover, stress response analysis revealed that NlApoD3−5/9, NlApoD3−5, and NlApoD9 were up‐regulated after treatment with lipopolysaccharide, H2O2, and ultraviolet‐C, respectively, indicating their potential roles in stress resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to employ periodic corrugated microstrip lines for reducing or suppressing electromagnetic interference in high‐speed or high‐frequency circuits, a precise method is necessary to calculate and measure the characteristic impedance of periodic microstrip lines. The equation for characteristic impedance (depending on frequency) of lossless periodic microstrip lines was obtained based on the transfer matrix method. A time domain pulse was used to measure the instantaneous impedance of conventional microstrip lines, and when the instantaneous impedance does not change with distance, it can be identified as the characteristic impedance of microstrip lines. However, when the time‐domain pulses are employed to measure the instantaneous impedance of periodic microstrip lines, rapid oscillations occur with distance. Therefore, a standard for spacing between adjacent grooves in the microstrip line can be suggested by analysing the interaction between the time‐domain pulses and the microstrip line grooves. Once such a standard is satisfied, many grooves etched along the microstrip line would no longer be distinguished by the time‐domain pulses. Such a principle and method can be used to determine the instantaneous impedance for the microstrip lines that have periodic grooves. On the other hand, when several periodic structures with different lattice constants coexist on a microstrip line, they can also be distinguished via the instantaneous impedance. A time domain reflectometer was used for measuring the instantaneous impedance of periodic microstrip lines, and the measured results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate whether primary care providers' participation in the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus Initiative (CPC+) was associated with changes in their delivery of high‐value services. Data Sources: Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners public use files from 2013 to 2019, 2017 to 2019 Medicare Part B claims for a 5% random sample of Medicare Fee‐for‐Service (FFS) beneficiaries, the Area Health Resources File, the National Plan & Provider Enumeration System files, and public use datasets from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physician Compare. Study Design: We used a difference‐in‐difference approach with a propensity score‐matched comparison group to estimate the association of CPC+ participation with the delivery of annual wellness visits (AWVs), advance care planning (ACP), flu shots, counseling to prevent tobacco use, and depression screening. These services are prominent examples of high‐value services, providing benefits to patients at a reasonable cost. We examined both the likelihood of delivering these services within a year and the count of services delivered per 1000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries per year. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: Secondary data are linked at the provider level. Principal Findings: We find that CPC+ participation was associated with increases in the likelihood of delivering AWVs (13.03 percentage points by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001) and the number of AWVs per 1000 Medicare FFS beneficiaries (44 more AWVs by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001). We also find that CPC+ participation was associated with more flu shots per 1000 beneficiaries (52 more shots by CPC+'s third year, p < 0.001) but not with the likelihood of delivering flu shots. We did not find consistent evidence for the association between CPC+ participation and ACP services, counseling to prevent tobacco use, or depression screening. Conclusions: CPC+ participation was associated with increases in the delivery of AWVs and flu shots, but not other high‐value services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Christianson syndrome (CS) is caused by mutations in SLC9A6 and is characterized by global developmental delay, epilepsy, hyperkinesis, ataxia, microcephaly, and behavioral disorder. However, the molecular mechanism by which these SLC9A6 mutations cause CS in humans is not entirely understood, and there is no objective method to determine the pathogenicity of single SLC9A6 variants. Methods: Trio‐based whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on two individuals with suspicion of CS. qRT‐PCR, western blot analysis, filipin staining, lysosomal enzymatic assays, and electron microscopy examination, using EBV‐LCLs established from the two patients, were performed. Results: Trio‐based WES identified a hemizygous SLC9A6 c.1560dupT, p.T521Yfs*23 variant in proband 1 and a hemizygous SLC9A6 c.608delA, p.H203Lfs*10 variant in proband 2. Both children exhibited typical phenotypes associated with CS. Expression analysis in EBV‐LCLs derived from the two patients showed a significant decrease in mRNA levels and no detectable normal NHE6 protein. EBV‐LCLs showed a statistically significant increase in unesterified cholesterol in patient 1, but only non‐significant increase in patient 2 when stained with filipin. Activities of lysosomal enzymes (β‐hexosaminidase A, β‐hexosaminidase A + B, β‐galactosidase, galactocerebrosidase, arylsulfatase A) of EBV‐LCLs did not significantly differ between the two patients and six controls. Importantly, by electron microscopy we detected an accumulation of lamellated membrane structures, deformed mitochondria, and lipid droplets in the patients' EBV‐LCLs. Conclusions: The SLC9A6 p.T521Yfs*23 and p.H203Lfs*10 variants in our patients result in loss of NHE6. Alterations of mitochondria and lipid metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of CS. Moreover, the combination of filipin staining with electron microscopy examination of patient lymphoblastoid cells can serve as a useful complementary diagnostic method for CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tackle the increasingly complex electromagnetic (EM) pollution environment, the application-oriented electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials with ultra-thin, lightweight and strong tolerance to harsh environment are urgently explored. Although graphene aerogel-based lightweight EMW absorbers have been developed, thinner thickness and more effective polarization loss strategies are still essential. Based on the theory of EMW transmission, this work innovatively proposes a high attenuation design strategy for obtaining ultra-thin EMW absorption materials, cobalt selenide (CoSe2) is determined as animportant part of ultra-thin absorbers. In order to obtain a dielectric parameter range that satisfies the ultra-thin absorption characteristics and improve the lightweight properties of EMW absorption materials, a composite of CoSe2 modified N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO/CoSe2) is designed. Meanwhile, the controllable introduction of defect engineering into RGO can activate Schottky heterointerfaces of composites to generate a strong interfacial polarization effect, achieving ultra-thin characteristics while significantly improving the EM loss capability. In addition, infrared thermal images and anti-icing experiments show that the composite has good corrosion resistance, infrared stealth, and thermal insulation properties. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for obtaining thin-thickness, light-weight, and high-performance EMW absorption materials, embodying the advantages of N-RGO/CoSe2 composites in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The NLRP3/IL‐1β/IL‐6 pathway plays a key role in mediating inflammatory responses after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the clinical benefits of inhibiting this pathway in STEMI are uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhibiting the NLRP3/IL‐1β/IL‐6 pathway in STEMI patients. Methods: This study followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of inhibiting the NLRP3/IL‐1β/IL‐6 pathway in STEMI patients within 7 days of symptom onset. The efficacy outcomes included all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, new‐onset or worsening heart failure (HF) and stroke. The safety outcomes were serious infection, gastrointestinal adverse events and injection site reactions. Results: Of 316 screened records, nine trials with 1211 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Colchicine reduced the risk of recurrent MI (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.10–0.74; I2 = 0.0%). Anakinra was associated with reduced risk of new‐onset or worsening HF (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.77; I2 = 0.0%) and decreased C‐reactive protein levels (SMD −1.34, 95% CI −2.04 to −0.65; I2 = 0.0%). Colchicine and anakinra increased the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events (RR 4.43, 95% CI 2.75–7.13; I2 = 38.1%) and injection site reactions (RR 4.52, 95% CI 1.32–15.49; I2 = 0.8%), respectively. None of the three medications affected the risks of all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke and serious infection. Conclusions: There is still no large‐scale RCT evidence on the efficacy and safety of inhibiting the NLRP3/IL‐1β/IL‐6 pathway for the treatment of STEMI. Preliminary results from the available RCTs suggest colchicine and anakinra may respectively reduce the risks of recurrent MI and new‐onset or worsening HF. The available RCTs in this meta‐analysis lack power to determine any differences on mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the risk factors for falls in vascular patients and methods to mitigate fall risk in hospitalised patients receiving vascular surgery. Design: This study is a multicentre, retrospective study. Methods: A total of 112 inpatients that underwent vascular surgery in five hospitals in Shanxi Province from April 2018 to April 2022 were selected. They were divided into two groups according to whether they had fallen or not; 56 patients who fell were taken as the observation group and 56 patients who did not fall were taken as the control group. The risk factors of falls were analysed by univariate and logistic regression. Results: There was no significant difference between the observation and the control groups in male patients and the incidence of falls without family members. In the observation group, the percentage of patients aged ≥65 years old, with a history of falls and/or fractures, long‐term medications and a history of osteoporosis was higher than in the control group and showed a statistically significant difference. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, a history of falls and fractures, long‐term medications and a history of osteoporosis were independent risk factors for falls, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Older age, a history of falls and/or fractures, continuous medication for more than 3 months and a history of osteoporosis are the risk factors for falls in hospitalised patients undergoing vascular surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: MRI‐detected extramural venous invasion (mrEMVI) is associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). An mrEMVI‐positive status is considered a strong indication for neoadjuvant treatment, but the optimal regimen is unknown. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively compared pathological and survival outcomes of 584 patients diagnosed with mrEMVI‐positive rectal cancer between January 2013 and October 2021, and receiving either neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) alone, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) alone, or nCRT plus NCT, prior to total mesorectal excision. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance clinical bias between groups, which were compared using chi‐square testing and Kaplan–Meier curves. Results: Median follow‐up was 33.9 (range, 10.2–100.4) months. The 3‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRFS) rates for all patients were 90.4%, 57.5%, 61.1%, and 85.7%, respectively. Of 584 mrEMVI‐positive patients at the time of diagnosis, 457 (78.3%) were EMVI‐negative on surgical pathology, and they had significantly better 3‐year OS, DMFS, DFS, and LRFS rates (all p < 0.001) than patients who remained EMVI‐positive. After PSM was applied, patients receiving nCRT alone had significantly better 3‐year OS (96.8% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.005) and DMFS (67.1% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.03) rates than those receiving NCT alone. Patients receiving NCT plus nCRT had higher pathological complete response (PCR) (10.8% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.04) and downstaging (33.8% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001) rates than those receiving nCRT alone, but survival rates did not differ (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Most EMVI‐positive patients with LARC converted to EMVI‐negative after neoadjuvant treatment, resulting in improved OS and DFS. Patients receiving nCRT had more favorable survival outcomes than those receiving NCT, suggesting the importance of including neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Patients receiving NCT in addition to nCRT had higher rates of PCR and downstaging, but their survival rates were not better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between trophoblasts, stroma cells, and immune cells at the maternal–fetal interface constitutes the functional units of the placenta, which is crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes. However, the investigation of this intricate interplay is restricted due to the absence of efficient experimental models. To address this challenge, a robust, reliable methodology for generating placenta villi organoids (PVOs) from early, late, or diseased pregnancies using air–liquid surface culture is developed. PVOs contain cytotrophoblasts that can self‐renew and differentiate directly, along with stromal elements that retain native immune cells. Analysis of scRNA sequencing and WES data reveals that PVOs faithfully recapitulate the cellular components and genetic alterations of the corresponding source tissue. Additionally, PVOs derived from patients with preeclampsia exhibit specific pathological features such as inflammation, antiangiogenic imbalance, and decreased syncytin expression. The PVO‐based propagation of primary placenta villi should enable a deeper investigation of placenta development and exploration of the underlying pathogenesis and therapeutics of placenta‐originated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases. However, there is currently a lack of molecular strategies that can effectively use disease‐associated extracellular miRNAs as input signals to drive therapeutic functions. Herein, we present a modular and programmable miRNA‐responsive chimeric DNA receptor (miRNA‐CDR) capable of biomarker‐driven therapy. By grafting a miRNA‐responsive DNA nanodevice on a natural membrane receptor via aptamer anchoring, miRNA‐CDR can sense extracellular miRNA levels and autonomously induce dimerization‐mediated receptor activation via the complementary‐mediated strand displacement reaction‐induced dynamic DNA assembly. The sequence programmability of miRNA‐CDR allows it to sense and respond to a user‐defined miRNA with tunable sensitivity. Moreover, the miRNA‐CDR is versatile and customizable to reprogram desirable signaling output via adapting a designated receptor, such as MET and FGFR1. Using a mouse model of drug‐induced acute liver injury (DILI), we demonstrate the functionality of a designer miRNA‐CDR in rewiring the recognition of the DILI‐elevated miR‐122 to promote MET signaling of hepatocytes for biomarker‐driven in situ repair and liver function restoration. Our synthetic miRNA‐CDR platform provides a novel molecular device enabling biomarker‐driven therapeutic cellular response, potentially paving the way for improving the precision of cell therapy in regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study developed a set of competency evaluation indicators for shift work nurses in China. Background: Nurses on night shifts must deal with the treatment, nursing, and management work, which requires excellent competency of night shift nurses in their knowledge, skills, and ability. However, the competency evaluation index system for shift work nurses has not been established yet in China. Methods: This study performed a literature review and semi‐structured interviews to draft the preliminary competency evaluation indicators for nursing shift work. The Delphi technique was adopted to administer two rounds of questionnaires on 21 nursing experts. Results: The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 100% and 90.48%, respectively, whereas the authority coefficients were 0.974 and 0.971, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 0.00–0.26 and 0.00–0.16, respectively. The competency evaluation index system for shift work nurses consisted of 2 first‐level indicators, 16 second‐level indicators, and 67 third‐level indicators. Conclusion: The competency index system of shift work nurses is scientific and applicable. Implications for Nursing Management: The competency evaluation index system of shift work nurses would provide an effective practical framework for shift nursing administration to evaluate, train, and assess the competency of shift work nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Risk assessment models for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) used worldwide are based on multidisciplinary data from Western countries. We aimed to establish a DVT risk assessment model that is applicable to Chinese patients with gynaecological conditions. Design: A risk assessment tool for DVT in gynaecology using the Delphi method. Methods: A three‐round Delphi study was conducted among experts who were asked to rate the importance of each risk factor in the Caprini scale. The consensus for each item was defined as a mean rating of >3 and a coefficient of variation (CV) of <0.5 in the first round, as CV <0.3 in the second round. Results: Eleven experts participated in the Delphi method, with a response rate of 100%. Kendall's coefficients of concordance (W) were 0.264 and 0.322 in the first and second rounds, respectively (p < 0.001). The DVT risk assessment scale includes 8 dimensions and 34 items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CHKB mutations have been described in 49 patients with megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy, which is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, of which 40 patients showed homozygosity. Methods: Peripheral blood genomic DNA samples were extracted from patients and their parents and were tested by whole exome sequencing. Quantitative PCR was performed to detect deletion. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was performed to identify uniparental disomy. Quantitative PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression level of CHKB in patient 1‐derived immortalized lymphocytes. Mitochondria were observed in lymphocytes by electron microscopy. Results: Two unrelated cases born to non‐consanguineous parents were diagnosed with megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy due to apparently homozygous mutations (patient 1: c.225‐2A>T; patient 2: c.701C>T) in the CHKB gene using whole exome sequencing. Quantitative PCR revealed that patient 1 had a large deletion encompassing the CHKB gene, inherited from the mother. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed patient 2 had paternal uniparental isodisomy containing the CHKB gene. In the immortalized lymphocytes from patient 1, decreased expression of CHKB was revealed by quantitative PCR and western blot, and giant mitochondria were observed using electron microscopy. Conclusion: We provide a possibility to detect giant mitochondria in other cells when muscle was not available. Moreover, clinicians should be aware that homozygous variants can be masqueraded by uniparental disomy or large deletions in offspring of non‐consanguineous parents, and excessive homozygosity may be misdiagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar flares can severely disturb the Earth's ionosphere, leading to changes of atmospheric chemistry and degradation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. The key to better assess these effects is to more accurately quantify the electron density enhancements induced by solar flares, which is still uncertain. Thanks to the good coverage and quiet electromagnetic environment provided by the Great Wall Station (GWS, 62.22°S, 58.96°W) in Antarctica, our Very‐Low‐Frequency (VLF) receiver has recorded clean VLF signatures produced by three X‐class solar flares from March to May in 2022. These measurements motivate us to revisit the uncertain question related to the ionospheric effects induced by solar flares. Different from previous studies, we model solar flare events from satellite measurements of X‐ray fluxes to ground‐based measurements of VLF transmitter signals by combining a flare irradiance model, an X‐ray propagation model, a D‐region chemistry model, and a VLF propagation model. For eight transmitting frequencies and propagation paths, modeling results can satisfactorily explain our VLF measurements at GWS during the three X‐class flares, especially so for the X1.3 event occurring on 30 March 2022. Moreover, the electron density results that reconcile space‐ and ground‐based measurements suggest that the VLF reflection height can be lowered to ∼66 km by an X1.1 flare, in line with previous studies. The present set of numerical models can be thus utilized in future studies to improve the nowcasting capability of VLF sensing technique for monitoring solar flares, as well as the accuracy of GNSS navigation/positioning during solar flares. Plain Language Summary: The X‐ray fluxes emitted during solar flares can significantly influence the Earth's ionosphere, leading to delays of Global Navigation Satellite System signals and atmospheric chemistry changes. A Very‐Low‐Frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) receiver has been recently deployed at the Great Wall Station in Antarctica, a location with a good coverage of navy transmitters in the northern hemisphere and quiet electromagnetic environment. This receiver has recorded the VLF signatures of three X‐class solar flare events from late March to early May in 2022. In this study, we report these VLF measurements during X‐class solar flares in Antarctica, and model these events using four well‐validated models, including a flare irradiance model, an X‐ray propagation model, a D‐region chemistry model, and a VLF propagation model. For eight transmitting frequencies and VLF propagation paths, modeling results show good agreements with the VLF measurements during the three X‐class flare events, as well as previous studies. This set of numerical models, after being validated using Great Wall Station measurements, can be used in future studies to better quantify the influence of solar flare events on the Earth's ionosphere and radio wave propagation. Key Points: We report ground‐based measurements of Very‐Low‐Frequency (VLF) signals during X‐class solar flares at the Great Wall station in AntarcticaWe model the responses of VLF transmitter signals to solar flares based upon the combination of four well‐validated modelsModeling results are consistent with the VLF transmitter signal measurements for eight propagation paths during three X‐class flare events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: In general, there are not many studies exploring the clinical value of adjuvant chemotherapy or maintenance chemotherapy (AC/MC) after induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC+CCRT+AC/MC). The purpose of this study was to establish a clinical nomogram for the use of AC/MC in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC). Material and Methods: Two centers (Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Center [N = 1226] and Zhongshan People's Hospital [N = 150]) recruited 1376 patients with LA‐NPC. All the patients underwent IC+CCRT; 560 patients received AC with cisplatin/nedaplatin plus docetaxel/paclitaxel (TP) or cisplatin/nedaplatin plus fluorouracil (PF), and 81 patients received MC with S‐1. Multivariate Cox regression was used to confirm optimal predictors of progression‐free survival (PFS), and a nomogram was established to identify patients into low‐risk and high‐risk cohorts. Additionally, bootstrap internal validation was performed to further verify our nomogram. Results: After propensity score matching (PSM), the survival curves were not statistically different between IC+CCRT+AC/MC and IC+CCRT (all p > 0.05). Then, a nomogram was developed based on variables that were screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression, including N stage, cumulative platinum dose during CCRT, body mass index (BMI), IC cycles, IC regimen and cervical lymph node (CLN) necrosis and infiltration of adjacent tissues. The results of the nomogram showed that the high‐risk cohort had greatly worse 5‐year DMFS, LRFS, PFS and OS compared to low‐risk cohort (all p < 0.05), and subgroup analysis found that the 5‐year DMFS, PFS and OS of patients treated with IC+CCRT+AC/MC were better than those treated with IC+CCRT in high‐risk cohort (all p < 0.05). Notably, the incidence of adverse effects for IC+CCRT+AC cohort was higher than that for IC+CCRT+MC cohort, especially leukocytopenia and neutropenia. IC+CCRT and IC+CCRT+MC were associated with similar incidences of adverse effects. Conclusions: The addition of AC or MC to IC+CCRT could improve the DMFS of patients with high‐risk NPC and prolong their survival. Additionally, our findings suggest a potential role of AC/MC following IC plus CCRT in the treatment of high‐risk LA‐NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interplanetary (IP) shock‐driven sudden compression of the Earth's magnetosphere produces electromagnetic disturbances in the polar ionosphere. Several studies have examined the effects of IP shock on magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling systems using all‐sky cameras and radars. In this study, we examine responses and drivers of the polar ionosphere following an IP shock compression on 16 June 2012. We observe the vertical drift and concurrent horizontal motion of the plasma. Observations from digisonde located at Antarctic Zhongshan station (ZHO) showed an ionospheric thick E region ionization and associated vertical downward plasma motion at F region. In addition, horizontal ionospheric convection reversals were observed on the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network ZHO and McMurdo radar observations. Findings suggest that the transient convective reversal breaks the original shear equilibrium, it is expected that the IP shock‐induced electric field triggers an enhanced velocity shear mapping to the E region. The horizontal motion of the plasma was attributed to only the dusk‐to‐dawn electric field that existed during the preliminary phase of sudden impulse. We also found that ionospheric convection reversals were driven by a downward field‐aligned current. The results of these observations reveal, for the first time, the immediate and direct cusp ionosphere response to the IP shock, which is critical for understanding the global response of the magnetosphere following an abrupt change in Interplanetory Magnetic Field (IMF) and solar wind conditions. Plain Language Summary: On 16 June 2012, an interplanetary (IP) shock hit near‐Earth space (geospace), resulting in enhanced plasma convection, auroral intensifications, and altering electric current systems in the high‐ and polar‐latitude ionosphere. We present a case study characterizing the effect of IP shock‐driven sudden impulse (SI) impact on geospace systems that changes vertical drift and horizontal convection observed by digital ionosonde and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network high‐frequency radars. We found an SI‐driven immediate vertical downward plasma motion, the sudden appearance of sporadic E‐layer, and an ionospheric convection reversal following the IP shock. We discuss the possible impact of SI on magnetospheric‐ionospheric coupling systems and possible driving mechanisms that are attributed to the observations reported in the study. Key Points: Ionosonde ZHO detected enhanced E region ionization and vertical plasma motion following the arrival of an interplanetary shockEvidence suggests that the strong E layers are the result of sudden impulse (SI)‐driven E‐field drift‐convergence and particle precipitationIP shock‐triggered SI alters the dusk‐to‐dawn electric field that drives a brief downward plasma motion at the dayside polar ionosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been proved that a subwavelength periodic microstrip structure can be used to suppress crosstalk between two adjacent microstrip lines and such a microstrip structure can be widely used in the application of high‐speed circuit systems. To further increase the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model of the subwavelength periodic microstrip line (SPML), we focus our attention on a single unit cell with the periodic structure, which is divided into several sub‐regions, and the circuit parameters in each sub‐region are analysed for setting up a complete circuit model of the unit cells. Then the details of the interaction between each sub‐region and the electromagnetic field are clearly indicated. The S $S$‐parameters of the circuit model accord well with full‐wave simulation results, showing a maximum deviation of 0.03973 dB for S21 and 0.1211 dB for S11 below 15 GHz. For the first time, we also study the frequency‐dependence of the mutual capacitance and the mutual inductance for analysing the coupling effect between an SPML and a conventional microstrip line (CML). The instantaneous impedance obtained by the full‐wave simulation of the SPML is consistent well with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Asia. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated pest management has been under development for years, and the selection of appropriate target genes is important for pest‐targeted RNAi. C‐type lectins (CTLs) are a class of genes that perform a variety of functions, such as the regulation of growth and development. Results: A CTL‐S protein named Nllet1, containing a single calcium ion (Ca2+)‐dependent carbohydrate‐binding domain (CRD) with a conserved triplet motif QPD was identified and functionally characterized in BPH. Expression profiles at both the transcriptional and translational levels show that Nllet1 accumulates during the serosal cuticle (SC) formation period. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling further demonstrated that Nllet1 is located in the serosal endocuticle (en‐SC). Maternal RNAi‐mediated silencing of Nllet1 disrupted the SC structure, accompanied by a loss of the outward barrier and 100% embryo mortality. Injection of 10 ng dsNllet1 or dsNllet1' per female adult BPH resulted in a total failure of egg hatching. Conclusion: Nllet1 is essential for SC formation and embryonic development in BPH, which helps us understand the important roles of CTL‐Ss. Additionally, BPH eggs show high sensitivity to the depletion of Nllet1. This study indicates that Nllet1 is a promising candidate gene that can be used to develop RNAi‐based control strategies at the BPH egg stage, and it can also be used as a target for developing novel ovicides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Induction chemotherapy (IC) comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF), combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) effectively improves the survival rate of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA‐NPC). Selecting patients whose risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis is high and the appropriate chemotherapy intensity is a concern. We combined tumor‐node‐metastasis staging with the load of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) after IC to select the individualized chemotherapy strength. Methods: The clinical data and prognostic factors of patients with stage III–IV LA‐NPC treated with TPF IC combined with CCRT were analyzed retrospectively. The conventional treatment group received the standard three cycles TPF IC combined with CCRT. For the new treatment group, the cycles of IC were determined according to whether the EBV‐DNA disappeared completely after a certain course of IC, if so, subsequent IC was stopped and the chemoradiotherapy stage was entered. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a ratio of 1:1 to balance baseline characteristics. Survival outcomes and adverse events between the conventional treatment group and the new method treatment group were compared. Results: The study included 256 patients, among whom 192 were matched successfully into 96 pairs. The patients were followed up for a median of 51 months. The proportions of patients receiving three, two, and one cycle of IC after PSM in the routine and new treatment cohorts were 93.8%, 3.1%, 3.1% versus 21.9%, 49.0%, 24.0%, respectively. However, their 3‐year distant metastasis‐free survival, local recurrence‐free survival, progression‐free survival, and overall survival did not differ significantly. The incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia toxicity in CCRT decreased significantly in patients receiving the new treatment method compared with that in the conventional treatment group (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Combining TNM stage and EBV‐DNA load after IC to determine the courses of IC in patients with LA‐NPC did not alter the curative effect but decreased toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a train runs at high speed, affected by the structural characteristics of the catenary, the contact force changes periodically with span and dropper spacing. However, as the running speed of the train increases, the periodic signal of the contact force changes owing to the fluctuation of the catenary and the vibration of the pantograph, which directly affects the stable contact between the pantograph and catenary. Therefore, based on the simulation research method, this study uses the time–frequency transformation method to investigate the influence of changes in the catenary structure on the periodic signal of the contact force. First, the structural design of the catenary structure of the existing railway line is carried out by changing the length of the stitch wires and the dropper spacing, and the stiffness and stiffness curvature variation when the arrangement of the stitch wires and dropper varies are analysed. Then, the relationship between the stiffness, stiffness curvature variation, and contact force variation is analysed. Finally, the wavelet transform method is used to transform the contact force, and variations in the key amplitude component of the contact force are analysed when the structural parameters are changed, and the relationship between the period and the key amplitude component is obtained. By analysing the time–frequency characteristics of the contact force, technical support for improving the speed of the train can be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave detection system has been designed at Wuhan University (WHU) and recently deployed by the Polar Research Institute of China at the Chinese Great Wall station (GWS, 62.22°S, 58.96°W) in Antarctica. With a dynamic range of ∼110 dB and timing accuracy of ∼100 ns, this detection system can provide observational data with a resolution that can facilitate space physics and space weather studies. This paper presents the first results of the wave measurements by the WHU VLF wave detection system at GWS to verify the performance of the system. With the routine operation for 3 months, the system can acquire the dynamic changes of the wave amplitudes and phases of various ground‐based VLF transmitter signals emitted in both North America and Europe. A preliminary analysis indicates that the properties of the VLF transmitter signals observed at GWS during the X‐class solar flare events are consistent with previous studies. As the HWU‐GWS path crosses the South Atlantic Anomaly region, the observations also imply a good connection in space and time between the VLF wave disturbances and the lower ionosphere variation potentially caused by magnetospheric electron precipitation during the geomagnetic storm period. It is therefore well expected that the acquisition of VLF wave data at GWS, in combination with datasets from other instruments, can be beneficial for space weather studies related to the radiation belt dynamics, terrestrial lightning discharge, whistler wave propagation, and the lower ionosphere disturbance, etc., in the polar region. Plain Language Summary: Considering the good coverage and quiet electromagnetic environment, Antarctica is an ideal place for plasma wave measurements. Various stations have been established in Antarctica, of which Palmer station is particularly noteworthy and has historically provided valuable VLF data for atmospheric, ionospheric, and magnetospheric studies. An Extremely Low Frequency/Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave detection system has been designed by Wuhan University and recently set up at Great Wall station (GWS) in Antarctica. This device can effectively record VLF signals with frequencies of 1–50 kHz, including artificial transmitter signals and natural emissions. This paper gives the broadband spectrum of 1–50 kHz signals in the north‐south and east‐west directions recorded at GWS for the first time. VLF signatures from lightning discharges, environmental disturbances, and navy transmitters in North America and Europe can be clearly identified. The overall trend of amplitude and phase of transmitter signals is consistent with the X‐ray fluxes measured by the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite satellite. Based on the GWS observations, it is expected to reveal some significant new phenomena reflected in VLF signals and further study the distribution and propagation characteristics of VLF waves. These are of great significance for physical research and application, especially in the unique geographical location of the South Pole. Key Points: A high‐sensitivity Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave detection system with a dynamic range of ∼110 dB and timing accuracy of ∼100 ns has been designedThis system has been recently deployed by the Polar Research Institute of China in Antarctica and operated routinely for 3 monthsThe VLF wave data collected by this system can be widely used to monitor and study space weather events in the polar region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource‐rich FeS2 is a promising anode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, polysulfides emerge due to FeS2 conversion during discharging, which dissolve into the ether‐based electrolyte and cause the continuous capacity degradation in PIBs. To address the polysulfides dissolution in PIBs, a graphene–shell‐encapsulated FeS2 is fabricated and embedded in N/S codoped 3D hollow carbon spheres. As a protective pocket, the graphene–shell can effectively accommodate polysulfides inside the core–shell, inhibiting the polysulfides shuttle effect to enhance cycle stability of electrode. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that graphene–shells have a strong adsorption capacity for polysulfides, and the interfacial interaction between KFeS2 and graphene–shell can boost the K ion mobility. As a result, the composite exhibits superior‐rate properties (524 and 224 mA h g−1 at 0.1 and 8 A g−1, respectively) and long‐term cycle stability. This work demonstrates the promotion and protective effect of the graphene–shell for the FeS2 to storage K from both experimental and computational perspectives. These research outputs can provide guidance for designing other metal‐based sulfide electrodes for PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is a key technique for UAV enabled 6G communications. In this paper, the joint state estimation problem for UAV aided 6G communications is considered. Firstly, the characteristics of the spatial channel is explored by considering the Jittering effects. Meanwhile, the channel characteristics of the spatial channel is analyzed. Then, a joint state estimation method is proposed by utilizing the ISAC technique, where the UAV attitude, the communication, and the control are jointly designed to benefit the system performance. Finally, various simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple preparation of inorganic reinforced poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) microcapsules by combining dispersion polymerization and confined cooling‐assisted phase separation self‐assembly is reported. Silane coupling agent‐modified PIL microbeads are first prepared by dispersion polymerization. Then, the microbeads are dissolved in a theta solvent composed of good solvent and non‐solvent to form hollow SiOx microcapsules at a relatively high temperature. Finally, the solution is cooled to induce the nucleation and growth of dissolved PIL chains on the inner and outer surface of hollow SiOx microcapsules to form inorganic reinforced microcapsules with asymmetric PIL/SiOx/PIL sandwich‐like shell. The morphology of microcapsules can be controlled by adjusting PIL concentration and cooling rate. The inorganic reinforced microcapsules show enhanced suspended stability and electroresponsive characteristic when used as the dispersed phase of smart suspensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reported a simple and high‐yield evaporation‐assisted phase separation (EAPS) method to prepare poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) microbeads, in particular submicron microbeads. Irregular PIL powder or bulk is dissolved in a theta solvent composed of volatile good solvent and less volatile non‐solvent at room temperature, and then PIL microbeads are formed by evaporation of the solution at a temperature lower than the boiling point of volatile good solvent. The yield of microbeads, in particular, submicron microbeads, prepared by the EAPS method can reach 99%. The mechanism of microbead formation is studied by tracing the nucleation and growth process by the light transmittance. The key parameters to control the size and morphology of microbeads are investigated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immunotransmitters (e.g., neurotransmitters and neuromodulators) could orchestrate diverse immune responses; however, the elaborated mechanism by which melatonergic activation governs inflammation remains less defined. Methods: Primary macrophages, various cell lines, and Pasteurella multocida (PmCQ2)‐infected mice were respectively used to illustrate the influence of melatonergic signalling on inflammation in vitro and in vivo. A series of methods (e.g., RNA‐seq, metabolomics, and genetic manipulation) were conducted to reveal the mechanism whereby melatonergic signalling reduces macrophage inflammation. Results: Here, we demonstrate that melatonergic activation substantially lessens interleukin (IL)‐1β‐dependent inflammation. Treatment of macrophages with melatonin rewires metabolic program, as well as remodels signalling pathways which depends on interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 7. Mechanistically, melatonin acts via membrane receptor (MT) 1 to increase heat shock factor (Hsf) 1 expression through lowering the inactive glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) β, thereby transcriptionally inhibiting interferon (IFN)‐γ receptor (IFNGR) 2 and ultimately causing defective canonical signalling events [Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1‐IRF7] and lower IL‐1β production in macrophages. Moreover, we find that melatonin amplifies host protective responses to PmCQ2 infection‐induced pneumonia. Conclusions: Our conceptual framework provides potential therapeutic targets to prevent and/or treat inflammatory diseases associating with excessive IL‐1β production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the prevention of ischemic diseases such as myocardial infarction associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains to be a challenge. Thus, this study was designed to explore the effects of tripartite motif protein 11 (TRIM11) on cardiomyocytes I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. Cardiomyocytes AC16 were used to establish an I/R injury cell model. After TRIM11 downregulation in I/R cells, cell proliferation (0, 12, 24, and 48 h) and apoptosis at 48 h as well as the related molecular changes in oxidative stress‐related pathways was detected. Further, after the treatment of TRIM11 overexpression, SP600125, or DUSP1 overexpression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and related genes were detected again. As per our findings, it was determined that TRIM11 was highly expressed in the cardiomyocytes AC16 after I/R injury. Downregulation of TRIM11 was determined to have significantly reduced I/R‐induced proliferation suppression and apoptosis. Besides, I/R‐activated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and cleaved caspase 3 and Bax expression were significantly inhibited by TRIM11 downregulation. In addition, the overexpression of TRIM11 significantly promoted apoptosis in AC16 cells, and JNK1/2 inhibition and DUSP1 overexpression potently counteracted the induction of TRIM11 overexpression in AC16 cells. These suggested that the downregulation of TRIM11 attenuates apoptosis in AC16 cells after I/R injury probably through the DUSP1‐JNK1/2 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sodium Doppler lidar system with three‐directional measurements of sodium density, atmospheric wind field, and temperature was established at Zhongshan (69.4°S, 76.4°E), Antarctica. On November 14, 2019, a sporadic sodium layer (SSL) was observed at an altitude range of 93–103 km. The temporal/spatial sodium density variations of this SSL are associated with a strong sporadic E (Es) layer at nearly the same height, which is modulated by the convective electric field. By considering the structures and the time lags of the SSL's growth at three positions, the SSL appears to have a horizontal advection in an approximately westward direction with a velocity of the order of 80 m/s. This is consistent with the zonal wind velocity derived from the lidar system itself. The temporal/spatial sodium density variations strongly indicate that the formation and perturbation of SSLs are related to the evolution of ES layers due to varied electric fields and atmospheric gravity waves, while it is advected by the horizontal wind. Plain Language Summary: A sporadic E layer (Es) could be formed by metallic ions and then modified or transported by the action of magnetospheric electric fields in the high latitude ionosphere. It has been widely proposed that Es layers play an important role in the formation of sporadic sodium layers (SSL), but detailed studies of their dynamic process and evolution are still lacking. A three‐frequency Sodium (Na) resonance fluorescence Doppler lidar has been recently deployed by the Polar Research Institute of China, which could measure the sodium density, temperature, and wind profiles simultaneously in three directions. To clarify the dynamic properties of Es/SSL, we have performed observations of an event at Zhongshan Station (69.4°S, 76.4°E), Antarctica, which includes sodium density profiles and wind velocity measured by the multidirectional lidar system, detection of the Es layer by a collocated Digisonde radar, F region ion velocity, that is, electric field, derived by the SuperDARN HF radar network, as well as gravity wave perturbations determined from the Davis medium frequency radar. Key Points: Separation of temporal/spatial variations in sporadic sodium layer (SSLs) is observed by a three‐directional lidar system at Zhongshan, AntarcticaThe formation and perturbance of SSLs are associated with a sporadic E layer at the same heightThe SSLs are advected by the background wind [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]