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People living with HIV (PLWH) were not included in the first efficacy studies of mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. In this literature review, we investigate evidence of humoral and cellular immunity after a third dose of an mRNA vaccine in PLWH. We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and SCOPUS published between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022. Selection criteria were studies on immunological responses in PLWH, who were given an mRNA‐based vaccine as a third vaccine dose against SARS‐CoV‐2. Eight articles complied with our selection criteria. All studies found a strong humoral response after the third dose. Five studies investigated cellular immunity and found an increased cellular response after the third vaccine dose in PLWH. No difference in humoral response was observed between PLWH and controls after three doses. However, some of the studies suggested a weaker cellular response among PLWH than in controls, which was associated with lower nadir or current CD4+ T‐cell counts. In conclusion, we found evidence of strong humoral immunity in PLWH after receiving an mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccine as a third dose, while the cellular immunity may be impaired compared to controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the British Journal of Haematology examined the impact of COVID-19 on patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) who received bispecific antibodies. The study included 130 Danish patients who were treated with glofitamab or epcoritamab. Of the 43 patients who were infected with COVID-19, the majority were in complete remission at the time of diagnosis. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms varied, with 2 patients experiencing critical symptoms, 2 experiencing severe symptoms, and 30 experiencing non-severe symptoms. Hospitalization was required for 16 patients, and the most common treatments prescribed were sotrovimab and remdesivir. Overall, the study found low mortality rates from COVID-19 infection in patients with B-NHL after bispecific CD20xCD3 therapy. The study also compared the mortality rates of patients who received bispecific antibodies to those treated with CAR-T-cell therapy, finding that bispecific antibody patients had a lower mortality rate. The study concludes that bispecific CD20xCD3 antibodies can be safely prescribed to lymphoma patients who have been vaccinated for COVID-19 with currently circulating virus variants. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: Initial responses to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination are impaired in patients with hematological malignancies. We investigated immune responses after three or four doses of BNT162b2 in patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies compared to controls, and identified risk factors for humoral and cellular nonresponse 1 year after first vaccination. Methods: In 407 hematological patients (45 myeloid, 362 lymphoid) and 98 matched controls, we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies specific for the receptor‐binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) at baseline, 3 weeks, 2, 6, and 12 months, and interferon‐γ release at 12 months. Results: In patients with lymphoid malignancies, SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain IgG concentration and mean neutralizing capacity was lower than in controls at all time points. A diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic B‐cell leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma was associated with humoral nonresponse at 12 months compared to having multiple myeloma/amyloidosis (p <.001 and p =.013). Compared to controls, patients with lymphoid malignancies had increased risk of cellular nonresponse. A lymphoma diagnosis was associated with lower risk of cellular nonresponse compared to patients with multiple myeloma/amyloidosis, while patients with CLL had comparable response rates to patients with multiple myeloma/amyloidosis (p =.037 and p =.280). Conclusions: In conclusion, long‐term humoral and cellular immune responses to BNT162b2 were impaired in patients with lymphoid malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of severe COVID‐19. We aimed to determine humoral responses in PWH and controls who received two doses of BNT162b2. Methods: In 269 PWH and 538 age‐matched controls, we measured IgG and neutralizing antibodies specific for the receptor‐binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 at baseline, 3 weeks and 2 months after the first dose of BNT162b2. Results: IgG antibodies increased from baseline to 3 weeks and from 3 weeks to 2 months in both groups, but the concentrations of IgG antibodies were lower in PWH than that in controls at 3 weeks and 2 months (p = 0.025 and <0.001), respectively. The IgG titres in PWH with a humoral response at 2 months were 77.9% (95% confidence interval [62.5%–97.0%], age‐ and sex‐adjusted p = 0.027) of controls. Conclusions: Reduced IgG antibody response to vaccination with BNT162b2 was found in PWH, and thus increased awareness of breakthrough infections in PWH is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: antibody neutralization; antibody response; BNT162b2; COVID-19; IgA; IgG; IgM; immunoassays; nucleocapsid protein; RBD; SARS-CoV-2; serology; vaccine EN antibody neutralization antibody response BNT162b2 COVID-19 IgA IgG IgM immunoassays nucleocapsid protein RBD SARS-CoV-2 serology vaccine 1272 1274 3 11/19/21 20211201 NES 211201 Dear Editor, We report data on the antibody response against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) in healthcare professionals from two hospitals in Copenhagen at baseline and 3 weeks post the first injection with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Shown are neutralizing antibodies according to age groups (e), anti-RBD IgG antibodies according to age groups (f), neutralizing antibodies according to sex (g) and anti-RBD IgG antibodies according to sex (h). Box plots display the median values with the interquartile range (lower and upper hinge) and the 2.5%-97.5% (lower and upper whiskers): neutralizing antibodies (a), anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG antibodies (b), anti-RBD IgM antibodies (c) and anti-RBD IgA antibodies (d). [Extracted from the article]