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The design and performance of solar cells based on InP grown by the nonepitaxial thin-film vapor-liquid-solid (TF-VLS) growth technique is investigated. The cell structure consists of a Mo back contact, p-InP absorber layer, n-TiO2 electron selective contact, and indium tin oxide transparent top electrode. An ex situ p-doping process for TF-VLS grown InP is introduced. Properties of the cells such as optoelectronic uniformity and electrical behavior of grain boundaries are examined. The power conversion efficiency of first generation cells reaches 12.1% under simulated 1 sun illumination with open-circuit voltage ( VOC) of 692 mV, short-circuit current ( JSC) of 26.9 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 65%. The FF of the cell is limited by the series resistances in the device, including the top contact, which can be mitigated in the future through device optimization. The highest measured VOC under 1 sun is 692 mV, which approaches the optically implied VOC of ≈795 mV extracted from the luminescence yield of p-InP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius is widespread in approximately 216 tree and plant species in tropical and subtropical countries. No direct means of protection against P. noxius infection have thus far been developed. Therefore, in this field survey, a method was developed for preventing and controlling brown root rot disease using fumigation with dazomet. RESULTS: Tracers were used to monitor the effect of dazomet fumigation. The results from field surveys and phytotoxicity tests showed that dazomet is able to kill P. noxius without any side effects on plants. CONCLUSION: The use of an environmentally friendly agent to control brown root rot disease is needed, and prevention of the disease is more important than treatment. Hence, chemical fumigation with 60 g m−2 of 98% dazomet may be a possible means of preventing P. noxius incursion in agriculture, gardening and agroforestry. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renaming schizophrenia alone has not altered negative wording in newspaper articles: A text-mining finding in Taiwan Aimed at reducing stigmatization and increasing public acceptance, a boom of renaming schizophrenia and dementia in local languages has occurred in East Asian countries in the past decade.[1] Japan was the first country to change the translation for I schizophrenia i and studies show that this change has reduced the stigma for informed patients[2] and students[3] in Japan, but has had limited effects on the content of published mass media articles.[4] As a major power shaping public attitudes, the mass media often stigmatize schizophrenia with a high proportion of negative contexts.[5] Tendency of word category used in article headlines for old and new names for schizophrenia (n = 1032). [Extracted from the article]