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The non‐local imaging characteristics of computational ghost imaging (CGI) make it widely used in the field of information security. However, the information processing method based on traditional CGI has some problems in the process of multi‐image encryption, such as low efficiency and unsatisfactory reconstruction quality. Therefore, this article proposes to use wavelet transform and singular value decomposition technology to help computational ghost imaging to efficiently complete the coding and encryption of multiple images, and use alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) in the process of image restoration to carry out high‐quality reconstruction of the original encrypted image. The results show that the scheme has good reconstruction effect, strong security and robustness even at a low sampling rate. It provides some reference for digital watermarking technology and cryptography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal Quality & Reliability Engineering International. The issue showcases original research presented at the 2023 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering. The research papers cover a diverse range of topics related to reliability and safety in modern engineering systems. The papers address areas such as reliability modeling and analysis, reliability-based design and optimization, failure/safety analysis and prevention, and maintainability. The authors express their appreciation to the journal and the reviewers for their support and hope that the research presented will be valuable to researchers, engineers, scientists, and students in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The load history exerts a considerable impact on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of turbine discs. Thus, oversimplifying the load history leads to substantial errors in fatigue life prediction. This study introduces a probabilistic fatigue life prediction method for turbine discs, accounting for the randomness inherent in LCF load history. The method involves quantifying the randomness of load history through numerical simulation and employing a surrogate model enhanced with learning functions to balance computational efficiency and accuracy. The probabilistic LCF life prediction of full‐scale turbine disc was conducted, demonstrating that the fatigue life scatter predicted by the proposed method more closely aligns with experimental data compared to the original approach. By refining the numerical simulation process, the proposed method better accounts for uncertainties in load history while maintaining computational efficiency, offering significant insights for the fatigue reliability design of turbine discs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turbine disc plays a crucial role in aerospace engine, significantly influencing both their fatigue life and overall reliability. Due to the substantial uncertainties present, devising a method for the probabilistic analysis of turbine disc fatigue life becomes crucial. This paper introduces a novel framework that combines adaptive Kriging Monte Carlo simulation (AK‐MCS) with a mean stress correction model to evaluate fatigue life distribution effectively. AK‐MCS, stands out as an algorithm that constructs a Kriging model, effectively reducing the need for an extensive finite element analysis. Furthermore, a mean stress correction model is proposed for the Masson‐Coffin equation tailored for fatigue life prediction of GH4133 disc material. This model has been empirically validated to be effective. The presented framework for probabilistic fatigue life analysis not only holds considerable engineering value but also offers innovative approaches for tackling analogous challenges in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The histological transformation (HT) of follicular lymphoma (FL) is a crucial biological event. The study aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinicial characteristics, prognosis and impact of HT time on survival of FL transforming to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in population‐based large‐scale cohorts. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of FL with HT was performed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Hematological Malignancy Research Network FL cohort and Aristotle study FL cohort were used to assess the external validity. Results: Among 44,127 FL cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1311 cases were pathology‐proven recorded to transform to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The cumulative rates of HT at 5, 10, and 15 years after FL diagnosis were estimated to be 1.19%, 2.93%, and 5.01%, respectively. Significantly worse overall survival and cancer‐specific survival were exhibited in patients with HT than those without HT. Early HT (transformation of FL within 48 months after FL diagnosis [TOD48]) was an independent predictor for adverse overall survival of HT patients, regardless of treatment modalities before transformation. The adverse prognostic effect of TOD48 was validated in the Hematological Malignancy Research Network cohort and Aristotle study cohort. Older age (>75 years) and B symptoms within FL at diagnosis were the independent risk factors of TOD48. Furthermore, a novel prognostic model combining TOD48 with Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (TOD48‐FLIPI) was constructed and validated for risk stratification. Conclusion: TOD48 was a risk indicator of HT, and the novel prognostic model "TOD48‐FLIPI" for HT patients was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes the rank correlation coefficient to examine the multi‐site failure correlation of turbine discs. Drawing from the stress‐strength interference model, reliability models both with and without factoring in the multi‐site failure correlation are constructed. Furthermore, the weakest link theory (WLT) within the context of the Weibull distribution function is invoked to develop a model for predicting the fatigue life of turbine discs, taking into account the quantity of critical sections. The variability in the low cycle fatigue (LCF) of turbine discs is scrutinized, leading to the formulation of a probabilistic fatigue life prediction method for these discs. When comparing theoretical values with experimental ones, it becomes evident that factoring in the multi‐site failure correlation significantly enhances the accuracy of turbine disc life predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), with an ultrawide bandgap corresponding to the deep ultraviolet (DUV) range, has attracted significant attention in optical filter‐free photodetectors. In practical terms, DUV photodetectors employed in extreme conditions, for example, flame detection and space exploration, face the challenges of performance degradation caused by high/low‐temperature transformation. Here, DUV photodetectors are tailored with high durability and stability by one‐step‐grown β‐Ga2O3 films via pulsed laser deposition. A high‐oxygen‐pressure scheme effectively addresses the issue of film‐free deposition at specifically high temperatures, facilitating the formation of polycrystalline high‐resistivity β‐Ga2O3 films. As a result, the devices exhibit outstanding performance, including a low dark current (4.4 pA @30 V), high photoresponsivity (147.36 A W−1), and fast response time (3.1/22.6 ms). Additionally, the photoresponse performance shows minimal degradation at high temperatures up to 300 °C and even improves at low temperatures down to −100 °C, ranking it among the most robust DUV photodetectors. The mechanism of photoresponse, involving the exciton formation, bandgap evolution, carrier‐phonon scatter, etc., is also elucidated in a wide temperature range. This work provides an efficient solution for developing robust Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors with excellent performance for extreme‐condition applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ga2O3 photodetectors with demonstrated high sensitivity provide a potential subversive scheme for solar‐blind photodetection. However, the planar structure and the relatively slow response speed of the device have restricted the integration and application of Ga2O3 photodetectors. Herein, a narrow SiO2 barrier layer is introduced on the commercial SiC substrate, and a vertical photodetector is realized based on β‐Ga2O3/SiO2/SiC heterostructure with controllable tunneling effect by tailoring the band structure at the interface. The developed device exhibits unconventional rectification characteristics and photoresponse performance in different biasing modes owing to the controllable tunneling effect at the interface. In particular, the photodetector achieves a high responsivity (186.8 A W−1) under solar‐blind illumination at reverse bias, while exhibiting obvious advantages in dark current (3 pA), photo‐to‐dark current ratio (8.8 × 106), linear dynamic range (138.8 dB), and specific detectivity (1.4 × 1015 Jones) at forward bias. The photodetector also demonstrates excellent photoresponse stability after 6 months in air without encapsulation. In addition, an alternating biasing strategy, inspired by its bidirectional operability, is proposed to suppress the persistent photoconductivity effect and increase the decay speed by 1.23 × 105 times. This work provides a referable strategy for the further development of high‐performance Ga2O3‐based photoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subgingival microbiome in patients with grade C molar‐incisor pattern periodontitis (C‐MIP) affecting the primary or permanent dentitions. Methods: DNA was isolated from subgingival biofilm samples from diseased and healthy sites from 45 C‐MIP patients and subjected to phylogenetic microarray analysis. C‐MIP sites were compared between children affected in the primary to those affected in the permanent dentitions. Within‐subject differences between C‐MIP‐affected sites and dentition‐matched healthy sites were also evaluated. Results: C‐MIP sites of subjects affected in the primary dentition showed partially overlapping but distinct microbial communities from C‐MIP permanent dentition sites (p < 0.05). Differences were due to increased levels in primary C‐MIP sites of certain species of the genera Capnocytophaga and Leptotrichia, while C‐MIP permanent dentition sites showed higher prevalence of Filifactor alocis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) was among species seen in high prevalence and levels in both primary and permanent C‐MIP sites. Moreover, both permanent and primary C‐MIP sites showed distinct microbial communities when compared to dentition‐matched healthy sites in the same subject (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Primary and permanent teeth with C‐MIP showed a dysbiotic microbiome, with children affected in the primary dentition showing a distinct profile from those affected in the permanent dentition. However, Aa was enriched in both primary and permanent diseased sites, confirming that this microorganism is implicated in C‐MIP in both dentitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the 5‐year radiological and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing immediate implantation with or without the modified socket‐shield technique. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent anterior tooth replacement via the modified socket‐shield technique (MSST) or the conventional immediate implantation technique (CIIT) between 2016 and 2017 were included. The labial bone thickness was assessed at different measurement levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 mm apical to the implant shoulder (IS)) postoperatively (T1), 6 months postoperatively (T2) and 5 years postoperatively (T3). The pink aesthetic score (PES) was evaluated before surgery (T0) and at T2 and T3. Implant success, complications and patient satisfaction were evaluated at every visit. Results: Thirty‐six patients (18 in the MSST group) underwent follow‐up for 5 years, with no cases of implant failure. Two cases of exposure were detected in the MSST group, but there were no significant effects on hard or soft tissue. Patients in the MSST group showed less and more stable bone resorption than did those in the CIIT group at any measurement level and any time. A higher PES was achieved in the MSST group. Patient satisfaction was similar in both groups. Conclusions: The MSST is a reliable immediate implantation method because of its ability to preserve the alveolar bone and provide superior recovery of aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic fault tree (DFT) is a reliable method for modeling complex systems with dynamic characteristics. However, evaluating the reliability of such systems can be complex. The sequential binary decision diagram (SBDD) method simplifies this process by reducing computational complexity. This study investigates factors influencing SBDD size and proposes a new method, the complete priority ordering method, for ordering basic events in SBDDs. Results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in comparison to existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel maintenance policy for a two‐component warm standby system with multiple standby states is presented in this paper. Two standby states, that is, cold and warm standby, for components in the system are considered. Components can realize the transition from the cold standby to the warm standby state by periodic switching, intended to shorten recovery time and save system operating costs. Preventive maintenance (PM) and preventive switching (PS) of components are considered. In the PS strategy, the standby component can switch before the operating component fails. In addition, additional standby failure modes based on idle time are studied. Derive the long‐term average cost of the system through the semi‐regenerative process. A numerical example eventually verifies the feasibility of this paper's proposed maintenance and switching strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) loading condition and random uncertainty exert a considerable impact on the design of turbine shafts. To enhance the fatigue life and reliability, this research proposes a CCF reliability analysis and optimization method for turbine shafts. A CCF fatigue reliability analysis framework is established, which focuses on the quantification of CCF loading characteristics and random uncertainty. The consideration of CCF loading characteristics contain the loading frequency ratio of high cycle fatigue (HCF) to low cycle fatigue (LCF), the stress amplitude ratio of HCF to LCF, as well as their interaction. The consideration of random uncertainty contains material, geometry and load, and a surrogate model‐based method is introduced to improve the quantification efficiency. Through the validation by comparing with experimental data and traditional methods, the proposed method is with higher accuracy and efficiency. By integrating the proposed fatigue reliability analysis method with design optimization, optimal design values for the turbine shaft were identified. This method theoretically extends the shaft's CCF life and provides practical engineering guidance for its reliability analysis and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the factors that affect the reliability of satellite antenna deployment mechanisms. It employs the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K‐S) test to quantify uncertainty characteristics, leading to the acquisition of pertinent stochastic parameters. Subsequently, three‐dimensional models and finite element models of the satellite antenna deployment mechanism are established using SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software. Modal distribution, harmonic response analysis, random vibration analysis, and deployment process simulation are conducted. Parameterized modeling of the deployment mechanism's dynamics simulation process is performed, taking into consideration parameter uncertainty. Finally, a Kriging surrogate model is utilized to formulate an approximate expression between the factors influencing the reliability of the antenna deployment mechanism and its dynamic response. Based on the general stress‐strength interference theory, a reliability analysis model is constructed. Combined with active learning algorithms, this approach achieves efficient and precise calculations of the reliability of the satellite antenna deployment mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (the HTP), referred to as "the third pole" with an excessive warming rate, exerts strong impacts on the global environment. As one of warming contributors, atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) remains limited scientific understanding in the HTP due to a scarcity of observations. In this study, we present a study of the light‐absorbing properties of methanol‐soluble brown carbon (MeS‐BrC) and water‐soluble brown carbon (WS‐BrC) during 2018–2021. Highly spatiotemporal variations of BrC light absorptions were observed. In the HTP marginal area, elevated BrC absorption coefficients at 365 nm (babs,365) and levoglucosan concentrations were obtained, and MeS‐BrC exhibits approximately 1.3–1.8 times higher absorption compared to WS‐BrC. We determined that BrC light absorptions was largely attributed to biomass burning (29%–35%). BrC can act as a potent warming agent in the HTP marginal area, with high direct solar absorption (25%–47% relative to black carbon). Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) remains low scientific understanding in the HTP due to a scarcity of observations. Here, we present a plateau‐scale study of the light‐absorbing properties of methanol‐soluble brown carbon (MeS‐BrC) and water‐soluble brown carbon (WS‐BrC) during the period of 2018–2021. This study highlights the contribution of BrC to the HTP warming. Higher BrC light absorption was observed in the HTP marginal area compared with the central HTP. Enhanced radiative absorption effect of WS‐BrC was obtained in the HTP, with an annual average of ∼25% compared with BC in Qinghai Lake and Ngari, and as high as 46.5% in Purang. The results confirmed the importance of BrC from biomass burning in contributing to light‐absorbing aerosols in this region. Key Points: Brown carbon (BrC) can be a strong warming agent in the marginal Himalayas and Tibetan PlateauHighly spatiotemporal variations of plateau‐scale BrC were observedBrC light absorptions was largely attributed to biomass burning [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the antihepatitis effects of Tectorigenin (TEC), and the same adenosine mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in both hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models, exploring the role of TEC in IBD is contributive to develop a new treatment strategy against IBD. Methods: The IBD mouse model was constructed by feeding with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and injection of TEC. Afterward, the mouse body weight, colon length, and disease activity index (DAI) were tested to assess the enteritis level. Mouse intestine lesions were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Murine macrophages underwent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction to establish an inflammation model. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels. Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were quantified via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Levels of MAPK pathway‐related proteins (p‐P38, P38, p‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), JNK, signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p‐ERK), COX‐2 and iNOS were quantitated by Western blot. Results: TEC improved the inflammatory response through ameliorating weight loss, shortening colon, and increasing DAI score in IBD mouse. Expressions of intestinal inflammatory factors (IL‐6, TNF‐α, iNOS and COX‐2) and MAPK pathway‐related proteins (p‐P38, p‐JNK, and p‐ERK) were increased both in DSS‐induced mouse intestinal tissue, but TEC inhibited expressions of inflammatory factors. The same increased trend was identified in LPS‐induced macrophages, but TEC improved macrophage inflammation, as evidenced by downregulation of inflammatory factors. Conclusion: TEC mitigates IBD and LPS‐induced macrophage inflammation in mice via inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, wide‐color gamut perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are commonly controlled through halide composition tuning. However, the formation of perovskite crystals involving different ion radii of halogens often results in structural fragility and ionic defects, leading to emission instability during operation. This study showcases a novel approach to achieving a homogeneous and low‐defect crystalline state by regulating the thermodynamic nucleation mechanism of sky‐blue perovskite, thereby enhancing emission stability. Utilizing oxygen‐plasma treatment, a highly uniform surface energy is ensured for the nickel oxide acting as a hole transport layer. This treatment not only induces homogeneous nucleation of the perovskite layer but also effectively suppresses crystal defects. Simultaneously, the uniform surface energy alleviates halide phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening. Upon optimizing the fabrication conditions for sky‐blue perovskite, the resulting PeLEDs, featuring an electroluminescent peak at 486 nm, attain a luminance of 1125.3 cd m−2 with exceptional electroluminescent stability and a T50 lifetime. Furthermore, gaining insights into the thermodynamic nucleation mechanism in mix‐halides and perovskites contributes to the advancement of research on sky‐blue PeLEDs and offers valuable perspectives for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal single‐atom catalysts represent one of the most promising non‐noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, they still suffer from insufficient activity and, particularly, durability for practical applications. Leveraging density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML), we unravel an unexpected collective effect between FeN4OH sites, CeN4OH motifs, Fe nanoparticles (NPs), and Fe−CeO2 NPs. The collective effect comprises differently‐weighted electronic and geometric interactions, whitch results in significantly enhanced ORR activity for FeN4OH active sites with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.948 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) in alkaline, relative to a commercial Pt/C (E1/2, 0.851 VRHE). Meanwhile, this collective effect endows the shortened Fe−N bonds and the remarkable durability with negligible activity loss after 50,000 potential cycles. The ML was used to understand the intricate geometric and electronic interactions in collective effect and reveal the intrinsic descriptors to account for the enhanced ORR performance. The universality of collective effect was demonstrated effective for the Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Mn‐based multicomponent ensembles. These results confirm the importance of collective effect to simultaneously improve catalytic activity and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exact function of M1 macrophages and CXCL9 in forecasting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still not thoroughly investigated. We investigated the potential of M1 macrophage and C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9) as predictive markers for ICI efficacy, employing a comprehensive approach integrating multicohort analysis and single‐cell RNA sequencing. A significant correlation between high M1 macrophage and improved overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) was found. M1 macrophage expression was most pronounced in the immune‐inflamed phenotype, aligning with increased expression of immune checkpoints. Furthermore, CXCL9 was identified as a key marker gene that positively correlated with M1 macrophage and response to ICIs, while also exhibiting associations with immune‐related pathways and immune cell infiltration. Additionally, through exploring RNA epigenetic modifications, we identified Apolipoprotein B MRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3G (APOBEC3G) as linked to ICI response, with high expression correlating with improved OS and immune‐related pathways. Moreover, a novel model based on M1 macrophage, CXCL9, and APOBEC3G‐related genes was developed using multi‐level attention graph neural network, which showed promising predictive ability for ORR. This study illuminates the pivotal contributions of M1 macrophages and CXCL9 in shaping an immune‐active microenvironment, correlating with enhanced ICI efficacy. The combination of M1 macrophage, CXCL9, and APOBEC3G provides a novel model for predicting clinical outcomes of ICI therapy, facilitating personalized immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses collaborative innovation during the initial stages of firms' innovation processes via virtual spaces, focusing on a specific group: elderly users. These users represent a large and growing consumer market, which entails opportunities for companies developing products and services for elderly individuals. Firms that intend to meet the real needs of elders must involve those individuals in collaborative innovation processes. However, firms face challenges in the technical and interpersonal spheres when basing their early‐stage innovation activities on the virtual inclusion of elderly individuals, which has received little attention. Focusing on these challenges, this article presents an exploratory case study employing a participatory action research approach, in which the authors were part of a project aimed at the development of a method of including elderly users via virtual spaces. Pilot implementations helped the innovation intermediary develop an improved method to better capture elderly individuals' inputs. We found that special efforts must be made prior to the virtual activity to familiarize elderly individuals with the technology. Additionally, virtual activity demands a more active role from intermediaries for two reasons: first, representatives from client organizations do not feel confident in leading virtual discussions and second, social hints, emotions and feelings are more difficult to grasp in a virtual space than in real‐life interactions, which necessitates more focused and prepared intermediation. Elderly individuals' involvement is driven by their curiosity and desire to learn something new; therefore, the participation of elderly users must be valuable both to the organization's innovation process and to the elderly individuals themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐uniformly distributed in‐situ stress around the tunnel is a significant factor inducing various geohazards during tunnel excavation in the rock mass, and the anisotropy of the rock mass would further differentiate the in‐situ stress state around the tunnel. To ensure the safety of tunnel construction and operation, it is necessary to deeply analyze the stress distribution law and mechanical mechanism of the orthogonally anisotropic elastic media the around tunnel. This paper presents a complex variable function method for the elliptical tunnel in an orthogonally anisotropic elastic full‐space under non‐uniform in‐situ stress. To obtain the analytical solution, the affine transform and conformal mapping are applied to consider the orthogonal anisotropy of material and the ellipticity of the tunnel. A numerical series fitting method is introduced to describe the non‐uniformly distributed load, and then the stress solution around tunnel is further obtained. The comparisons with the existing literature, numerical solutions and model tests are provided to verify the correctness of the proposed method. Finally, the convergence study and the numerical analysis on the stress distribution are given graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used radar observations and a high‐resolution numerical simulation to explore the interactions between an mesoscale convective system (MCS), cold pool outflows, and atmospheric bores in a non‐uniform baroclinic environment. The bores were generated by a nocturnal MCS that occurred on 2–3 June 2017 over the southern North China Plain. The goal of this investigation is to determine how the structure of bores varied within this non‐uniform environment and whether and how the bores would maintain the MCS and alter its structure. To the southwest of the MCS, where there was large CAPE and a well‐mixed boundary layer, discrete convection initiation occurred behind a single radar fine line (RFL) maintaining the propagation of the MCS. To the southeast of the MCS, multiple RFLs were found suggesting the generation of an undular bore in an environment containing an intense nocturnal stable boundary layer with dry upper layers and little CAPE. Hydraulic and nonlinear theory were applied to the simulation of the MCS revealing that the differences in the bore evolution depended on both the characteristics of the cold pool and the variations in the ambient environment. Thus, the characteristics of the ambient environment and the associated differences in bore structure impacted the maintenance and organization of the MCS. This study implies the importance of an accurate representation of the low‐level ambient environment and the microphysics and kinematics within the MCS to accurately simulate and forecast cold pools, the generation and evolution of bores, and their impact on nocturnal MCSs. Plain Language Summary: Convective storms that occur during the day are often maintained by the lifting of low‐level air by storm outflows. At night when a low‐level stable layer forms, these outflows can generate an atmospheric bore, which is a type of gravity wave response. Investigations at numerous locations worldwide have demonstrated that bores contribute to the initiation and maintenance of nocturnal convective systems. However, relatively few studies have concentrated on how a non‐uniform nocturnal environment can change the structure of bores and their impact on convection. This study examines how bores and convection interact over the southern North China Plain (SNCP) where the nocturnal environment during warm season is often non‐uniform. These environmental variations impacted the generation and evolution of the bores altering the storm structure. The bores over the SNCP also had a unique generation mechanism forming when a strong downdraft penetrated into a moist layer. This study shows that an accurate representation of both the ambient environment and the storm microphysics and kinematics are likely necessary to improve the forecast accuracy of the nocturnal convective systems, particularly over regions with a non‐uniform environment, such as the SNCP. Key Points: Atmospheric bores are generated within a nocturnal mesoscale convective system in a non‐uniform environmentThe mesoscale variations in the environment ahead of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) modify the structure of the bores, which impact the organization of the MCSThe intrusion of the convective downdraft into the nocturnal boundary layer plays a critical role in generating bores over the southern North China Plain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the central nervous system of modern information warfare, the command‐and‐control network becomes the brain of command and the strategic target of the enemy's primary attack during the operation. In this paper, a method based on edge extension diagram (EED) and binary decision diagram (BDD) is proposed to evaluate the reliability of connectivity within the basic command post of command‐and‐control network, which is solving the problem that the conventional methods failed to model failure probabilities of node links and with low calculation efficiency. First, graph simplification of network topology, extension of nodes under reliable state, construction of path functions, replacement of associated edges, variable sorting, construction of binary decision graphs, and recursive calculation to evaluate the reliability of the connection between the two ends of the command‐and‐control network. Then, further analyze and sort the variable importance of the command‐and‐control network and analyze the sensitivity of the network topology. This paper contributes to the reliability assessment of command‐and‐control network system, the identification and maintenance of key network nodes, and the design of network topology structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Declining semen quality has become one of the most serious public health problems worldwide; however, the spatial–temporal characteristics of semen quality of infertile men remain unknown. Objective. To explore spatial–temporal characteristics of semen quality of infertile men in Wenzhou from 2010 to 2018 and thereby provide a scientific basis for development of strategies to enhance male reproductive health. Methods. We obtained 22,978 semen sample data from 2010 to 2018 from the Reproductive Medicine Center and Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Wenzhou, China. Linear regression analyses and spatial autocorrelation analyses were used to study spatial–temporal characteristics of semen quality parameters. Results. Overall, from 2010 to 2018, mean values for total sperm number and semen volume showed linear increasing trends, and mean values for total sperm motility showed linear decreasing trend (all P < 0.05). Cold spot analyses of progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and normal sperm forms were also in main urban area of Wenzhou (Lucheng District, Ouhai District, Longwan District, and Dongtou District) and hot spot were also in nonmain urban area of Wenzhou (mainly including Taishun County, Pingyang County, and Wencheng County). However, hot spot analyses of total sperm number and semen volume were mainly in Dongtou District. Conclusions. The main urban area is the "harder-hit area" of semen quality, while for the islands area is the "high-withdrawal area." Government departments need to pay more attention to improve male reproductive health in the main urban areas and actively control the potential influencing factors of male reproductive health, such as occupational exposure and life stress. Good environmental quality and plenty of seafood intake may be beneficial to semen quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Real‐world uptake of treatment intensification (TI) with novel hormonal agents (NHA) or chemotherapy as treatment of metastatic prostate cancer remains low outside of trial settings. We aim to report the prescription patterns and treatment outcomes of de novo metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in a tertiary institution. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using real‐world data from a prospectively maintained prostate cancer registry. We selected patients newly diagnosed with mHSPC from January 2016 to December 2020. Clinicopathological parameters were recorded to determine their impact on prescription patterns. Results: In total, 585 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were identified. Prescription of NHA increased from 10.5% (2016) to 50.4% (2020), but that of chemotherapy declined. Factors associated with TI were (1) baseline health status: Charlson Comorbidity Index 0–2, ECOG 0–1, age ≤ 65, (2) disease burden: PSA (>400, CHAARTED high volume disease, p = 0.004), development of systemic complications and (3) physician factor: primary physician being uro‐oncologist and medical oncologist versus general urologist. Patients with TI had a longer mean time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (45.0 vs. 32.5 months, HR 0.567, 95% CI: 0.441–0.730, p < 0.001) and overall survival (55.3 vs. 46.8 months, HR 0.612, 95% CI, 0.447–0.837, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the trend of treatment prescription of mHSPC and factors contributing to the use of TI. TI improved mean time to CRPC and OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper echelons theory (UET) proposes that organizational outcomes are directly affected by the experiences, personalities, and values of individuals who occupy critical managerial roles within an organization. Using the lens of UET, this study investigates how governors' characteristics affect the management level of major road accidents (MLMRA). The empirical work is based on fixed effects regression models that are applied to Chinese provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017. This study uncovers that the MLMRA is associated with governors' tenure, central background, and Confucian values. We further document that the effect of Confucianism on the MLMRA is stronger when traffic regulation pressure is high. This study has the potential to advance our understanding of the impact of leaders' characteristics on organizational outcomes in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absence of tactile perception limits the dexterity of a prosthetic hand and its acceptance by amputees. Recreating the sensing properties of the skin using a flexible tactile sensor could have profound implications for prosthetics, whereas existing tactile sensors often have limited functionality with cross‐interference. In this study, we propose a machine‐learning‐assisted multifunctional tactile sensor for smart prosthetics, providing a human‐like tactile sensing approach for amputations. This flexible sensor is based on a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)–melamine sponge, which enables the detection of force and temperature with low cross‐coupling owing to two separate sensing mechanisms: the open‐circuit voltage of the sensor as a force‐insensitive intrinsic variable to measure the absolute temperature and the resistance as a temperature‐insensitive extrinsic variable to measure force. Furthermore, by analyzing the unsteady heat conduction and characterizing it using real‐time thermal imaging, we demonstrated that the process of open‐circuit voltage variation resulting from the unsteady heat conduction is closely correlated with the heat‐conducting capabilities of materials, which can be utilized to discriminate between substances. Assisted by the decision tree algorithm, the device is endowed with thermal conductivity sensing ability, which allows it to identify 10 types of substances with an accuracy of 94.7%. Furthermore, an individual wearing an advanced myoelectric prosthesis equipped with the above sensor can sense pressure, temperature, and recognize different materials. We demonstrated that our multifunctional tactile sensor provides a new strategy to help amputees feel force, temperature and identify the material of objects without the aid of vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between nurses' occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Design: Meta‐analysis. Methods: Data were retrieved from studies published before April 2022 in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Embase databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal databases (VIP) and Wan Fang databases (WF). Stata MP (Version 17.0) was used to conduct this meta‐analysis. Results: The current evidence shows that occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents increases nurses' risk of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital abnormalities. It is necessary to pay attention to occupational exposures caused by antineoplastic agents, especially for female nurses of reproductive age. Managers should take timely and effective countermeasures to ensure their occupational safety and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly adjustable photonic modules were constructed based on the heterostructures crystals of a new series of donor‐acceptor metal–organic framework (D‐A MOF) featuring highly tunable thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By introducing N‐phenylcarbazole and derivatives as donor guests into the acceptor host NKU‐111, highly tunable through‐space charge transfer based TADF could be achieved through the engineering of heavy atom effect, which result in modulatable emission wavelength (540 to 600 nm) and enhanced quantum yield (up to 30.86 %). Furthermore, by rationally integrating the D‐A MOFs with distinctive emissions, rod‐like heterostructures crystals featuring excitation position dependent tip emissions in wide wavelength range (495 to 598 nm) could be fabricated, which could serve as highly potential photonic modules for photonic circuit applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas turbine blades normally operate under high‐temperatures, extreme pressure, and high‐speed conditions, which leads to complex failure mechanisms and difficulties in fatigue life assessment. Moreover, due to the randomness of manufacturing errors, working loads, and material properties, the low cycle fatigue (LCF) life normally presents unavoidable stochastic behavior. Therefore, accurate and efficient fatigue life prediction is critical for the design of gas turbine blades. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the effects of mean stress, anisotropy, and uncertainties on the LCF life of nickel‐based single‐crystal turbine blades. The modified Hill yield criterion is employed to deal with the anisotropic damage characteristics of nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy (NSCS) under a multiaxial stress state. Meanwhile, the effects of the temperature and crystal orientation are introduced into the walker mean stress correction term. A multiaxial LCF life prediction model is developed based on the energy criterion‐based fatigue life estimation method. Moreover, multi‐source uncertainties originating from rotation speeds, material properties, and temperature are analyzed and quantified. Comparison between the predicted and tested life indicates that the proposed method produces good accuracy and robustness, which can provide a reference for the reliability design of NSCS turbine blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and inflammatory response patterns for individual siblings diagnosed with grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) and between the related siblings within families.Methods: Sixty-nine siblings within 28 families with moderate-to-severe C-MIP were included. Clinical parameters were evaluated for symmetry regarding the affected type of teeth, side and/or arch, and bone loss pattern. The protein concentrations from in vitro whole blood cultures for 14 different lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory markers were correlated with the extent and severity of disease, within an individual sibling and among siblings within a family.Results: A similar disease pattern was observed among all siblings and within families. The most common teeth affected were first molars and incisors or first molars only within the permanent dentition and only molars within the primary dentition (p < 0.001). Symmetry involving molars was higher than in incisors in siblings, regardless of arch or side affected (p = 0.020). Arc-shape/vertical bone defects were the most common (p = 0.006) and higher symmetry was found for these defects in the permanent dentition (p = 0.005). Positive correlations were found between age, clinical attachment loss, and percent affected sites with several inflammatory markers. The inflammatory responses for several inflammatory markers were correlated among within and among families (p < 0.050). Specifically, the intraclass correlation coefficient within families was highest (>0.5) for interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-10.Conclusions: Families with C-MIP presented similar patterns of disease. The level of an inflammatory response to bacteria seemed to play a role in the extent and severity of this disease, exemplified by the high degree of correlation in these families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new method based on dual neural networks to improve the efficiency of time‐varying reliability calculation of bridge structures. Based on the basic theory of structural time‐varying reliability analysis, this method uses the dyadic neural network integration method to convert the time‐varying reliability calculation of bridges from the traditional Monte Carlo simulation to the direct integration operation, which improves operation efficiency and retains high working accuracy. In addition, considering the randomness of the decay process of different bridge resistances, the variation law of time‐varying reliability of bridges in the process of uncertain resistance reduction is studied, and an explicit formula for time‐varying reliability of bridges is given and solved by using the proposed dual neural network method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an engineering arithmetic example. The result indicates that the bridge has a greater probability of failure under random conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large deployable space mechanisms are widely used in the field of aerospace and have been paid increasingly high attention recently. The satellite antenna expansion system is the classic large deployable space mechanism. However, during the expansion of the satellite antenna deployable mechanism, the expansion accuracy is affected by the existing various uncertain factors which even result in scraping the satellite. For example, the hinge locking error has the significant influence on the deployment accuracy of the satellite antenna panel. In term of this issue, considering the advantage of the back‐propagation (BP) neural network for the high dimensional nonlinear problem, this paper mainly adopts it to analyze the impact of hinge locking error on the expansion accuracy of the antenna panel. The results show that the probability of the actual flatness deviation of the satellite antenna panel falling in the required accuracy area is 99.56%, and the probability of the actual pointing angle deviation falling in the required accuracy area is 99.84%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an active learning Kriging (ALK) based reliability analysis method for a multi‐output structural system by using a multiple response Gaussian process (MRGP) model. Firstly, various failure modes, including their interactions, are involved in a multi‐output structural system. The MRGP model is used to construct the surrogate model directly because it can efficiently characterize the correlation between different failure modes. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is integrated into the MRGP model to optimize the hyperparameter. Secondly, similar to ALK‐based reliability method, three improved functions for these common learning functions (e.g., U‐function, EFF‐function, H‐function) are proposed, which consider the distance requirement between the iteration sample point and training samples. Finally, the cross‐validation methodology is employed as the stopping criterion and several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault tree analysis (FTA) is one of the most popular failure analysis techniques that reveal the potential pathways leading to systems or components failure. It has been widely employed in numerous sectors to understand how a system fails and is improved. However, the conventional FTA has been criticized due to a series of inherent shortcomings in the FTA state of the arts. Accordingly, scholars, engineers, and practitioners made their attempts to improve the FTA by dealing with its critical deficiencies over the last decade. However, a few works have been performed to review and synthesize the relevant studies on FTA improvement topics. Thus, the present study is aimed to carry out a systematic literature review of the state‐of‐the‐art theoretical and empirical findings concerning FTA improvement from 2011 to 2021 using the Scopus database collection. In this sense, an in‐depth investigation is conducted using statistical metadata analysis. This subject discusses frontier directions and development trends to reveal the research status. In addition, a bibliometric study is undertaken to ascertain the most productive and influential researchers, research centers, and hotspot fields. It also sheds light on the FTA shortcomings in the existing literature, the evolution in FTA improvement topics, and research opportunities. The outcomes of the present work highlighted that the annual publications on FTA improvement topics are significantly growing, especially after 2019. Besides, Jianxiu Wang, Yan‐Feng Li, and Yihuan Wang are the most productive, prolific, and highly cited authors worldwide; and Asia, particularly China, is the leading contributor in the FTA area. According to Bradford's law, one‐third of all publications (7995) in the field of FTA improvement have been published by 40 sources. Finally, "Decision‐making," "Risk analysis," "Uncertainty Analysis," and "Bayesian Networks" are the four major hot topics integrated into improving the conventional FTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There has been no definite consensus on the ideal depth of acetabuloplasty, especially in cases of global pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This study aims to determine whether the depth of acetabuloplasty influences postoperative outcomes in cases of global pincer FAI. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from patients with global pincer FAI who underwent hip arthroscopy with a minimum follow‐up period of 2 years from May 2014 to December 2018. Patients with global pincer FAI were subdivided into low or high resection depth groups based on whether the intraoperative acetabular rim was resected by more than 3 mm. Radiographic measurements; arthroscopic procedures; preoperative and postoperative PROs were recorded. Achievement of MCID and PASS was compared for the VAS, mHHS, HOS‐ADL, and iHOT‐12. A paired Student t‐test was used to evaluate the significance of preoperative and postoperative PROs and two‐tailed unpaired Student t‐test was used to compare demographic data and PROs between different groups. MCID and PASS were evaluated using the chi‐square test or the Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 41 hips with global pincer FAI (15 and 26 patients in low or high resection depth groups, respectively) were included in this study. Both groups showed significant postoperative improvements in the scores of all PROs (p < 0.001). Compared to the low resection depth group, the high resection depth group had a lower degree of improvement through hip arthroscopy, which manifested as lower postoperative mHHS scores (94.29 vs. 85.08, p = 0.006), higher VAS scores (0.93 vs. 2.54, p = 0.002), and lower improvements in VAS (−5.00 vs. −3.35, p = 0.028), HOS‐ADL (34.99 vs. 23.90, p = 0.017) and iHOT‐12 (39.89 vs. 29.27, p = 0.036). Patients in high resection depth group were less likely to achieve the MCID for the VAS score compared to low resection depth group in significant (73.3 vs. 26.9%, p = 0.004). Conclusions: For patients with global pincer, the outcomes in high resection depth group were slightly worse than the the low resection depth group. It is indicated that excessive resection of the acetabular rim during the procedure should be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most destructive agricultural pests, which can complete their entire life cycle on various plants. At present, some detoxification genes have been proved to be involved in the adaptability to plants in insects. However, the genetics behind insect pest responses to host switches, and their ability to adapt to new host plants, remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the adaptation of S. frugiperda to host plant and determine the roles of CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 in the detoxification metabolism of the fall armyworm. RESULTS: The results revealed that feeding on maize was more suitable for S. frugiperda to develop compared with rice. In addition, knocking down of SfCYP321A9 and SfCYP9A58 resulted in a prolonged developmental time of S. frugiperda larvae that fed on rice. Meanwhile, RNAi knockdown of SfCYP321A9 resulted in significantly higher mortality of S. frugiperda larvae when exposed to the rice allelochemicals, ferulic acid, gramine and tricin. Furthermore, overexpression of SfCYP321A9 significantly reduced mortality in Drosophila melanogaster when exposed to gramine and tricin. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 genes play a key role in host plant adaptation in S. frugiperda, which contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of host plant adaptation and provide the means to develop effective management tools for S. frugiperda resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a total of six different ribbed and two nonribbed L‐shaped concrete‐filled steel tubular (CFST) short columns are designed; finite element modeling and calculations are carried out and verified with measured results. The optimal ribbing method among the ribbing methods applied is proposed. The mechanisms of the longitudinal stress of the concrete, longitudinal stress of the outer steel tube, and lateral compressive stress of the concrete for the L‐shaped CFST short column without ribs and with the optimal ribbing method are compared and analyzed. The results show that the optimal ribbing method involves setting half‐width longitudinal stiffening ribs in the middle of the two wide sides of the L‐shaped steel tube. The stiffening ribs can delay the occurrence of local buckling failure of the steel tube, thus strengthening the restraining effect of the steel tube on the concrete and improving the uniformity of the longitudinal stress of the core concrete. In addition, based on an analysis of a large number of parameters, four methods for calculating the bearing capacity of nonribbed L‐shaped CFST short columns are compared. A design formula for the bearing capacity of ribbed L‐shaped CFST columns is proposed by considering the improvement in the concrete performance. The calculation results agree well with the finite element and experimental results, and the error is <5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with high prevalence worldwide, the current treatment has multiple adverse effects and requires continuous administration. The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists have shown great potential in treating diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and hypertension. Butyric acid is a potential target in treating hypertension. Yet, the application of GLP‐1 analogue and butyric acid in reducing blood pressure and reversing ventricular hypertrophy remains untapped. In this study, we combined the therapeutic capability of GLP‐1 and butyric acid by transforming Clostridium butyricum (CB) with recombinant plasmid pMTL007 encoded with hGLP gene to construct the engineered probiotics Clostridium butyricum‐pMTL007‐GLP‐1 (CB‐GLP‐1). We used spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) models to evaluate the positive effect of this strain in treating hypertension. The results revealed that the intragastric administration of CB‐GLP‐1 had markedly reduced blood pressure and improved cardiac marker ACE2, AT2R, AT1R, ANP, BNP, β‐MHC, α‐SMA and activating AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 signalling pathway. The high‐throughput sequencing further demonstrated that CB‐GLP‐1 treatments significantly improved the dysbiosis in the SHR rats via downregulating the relative abundance of Porphyromonadaceae at the family level and upregulating Lactobacillus at the genus level. Hence, we concluded that the CB‐GLP‐1 greatly improves blood pressure and cardiomegaly by restoring the gut microbiome and reducing ventricular hypertrophy in rat models. This is the first time using engineered CB in treating hypertension, which provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, local antibiotic‐loaded bone substitutes (ALBS) have been used increasingly in the treatment of diabetic foot infection (DFI). The meta‐analysis aimed to analyse the efficacy of ALBS on patients with moderate to severe DFI (with or without osteomyelitis). With an appropriate search strategy, 7 studies were selected for analysis (2 RCTs and 5 cohort studies). The result showed that the application of ALBS effectively reduced the length of hospital stay (WMD −5.55; 95% CI: −9.85 to −1.26; P = 0.01), the recurrence rates (RR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.69; P = 0.003) and the mortality rates (RR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.82; P = 0.02). Compared to the control groups, however, there was no difference in healing rates (RR 1.06; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.18; P = 0.26), healing time (WMD −1.44; 95% CI: −3.37 to −0.49; P = 0.14), the number of debridement (WMD −1.98; 95% CI: −4.08 to 0.12; P = 0.06) and major amputation rates (RR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.61; P = 0.47). The ALBS appears to have some beneficial effects as an adjunct to standard surgery in the treatment of DFI with or without osteomyelitis, as it reduces recurrence rates, mortality rates, and length of hospital stay, but there was no statistically significant difference in enhancing wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Particulate matter (PM), including PM2.5 (PM ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM10 (PM ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter), is a component of air pollutants, which is linked to semen quality. However, the available evidence of association needs to be strengthened, and some studies have conflicting results. Objectives: To evaluate the potential impacts of PM on semen quality during the full (0–90 days before semen examination) and three key sperm development windows (0–9, 10–14, and 70–90 days before semen examination). Methods: We included 1494 infertile men in the main urban area in Wenzhou, China, who had undergone semen examinations for fertility between 2014 and 2019. The impacts were assessed by multivariable linear regression models. Results: Overall, during the full sperm development window, PM2.5 and PM10 exposures were associated with declined progressive sperm motility (%) (β: −0.6; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): −1.07, −0.13 and −0.46; −0.59, −0.33) and total sperm motility (%) (−1.95; −2.67, −1.23 and −1.32; −1.82, −0.82), and associated with increased sperm concentration (106/ml) (0.02; 0.006, 0.023 and 0.007; 0.001, 0.013) and total sperm number (106) (0.02; 0.01, 0.03 and 0.011; 0.004, 0.017). Furthermore, only PM2.5 exposure during the 10–14 days window was significantly associated with declined progressive motility (%) (−0.207; −0.395, −0.023). Conclusions: During the full sperm development window, PM exposure has an adverse impact on sperm motility and positive impacts on sperm concentration and total sperm number. The adverse impact was more severe in the 10–14 days window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ferrocene‐pyrene dyad Fc‐PYS for anion recognition was rationally designed and synthesized, in which the ferrocene and the pyrene groups were combined by the imidazolium and sulfonamide anion donors. The structure of the probe was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The anion recognition performance of the probe was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. In acetonitrile solution, Fc‐PYS can fluorescently recognize F− and H2PO4− with different models. Upon the addition of H2PO4−, the fluorescence of Fc‐PYS was increased. However, the complexation with F− quenched its fluorescence. At the same time, Fc‐PYS showed electrochemical response toward basic anions F−, H2PO4−, and AcO− with the ferrocene‐based red/ox potential a negative shift with H2PO4− > F− > AcO−. Furthermore, the binding mechanism between Fc‐PYS and anion has been investigated in detail by 1H NMR titration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism in tissue regeneration and the development of organ fibrosis. Whether EndMT occurs in wound healing and scarring remains unknown. Materials and Methods: The isolated cells from the normal dermal tissue and the wound tissue of mouse with full‐thickness skin wound, and human scar tissue sections were performed with CD31/factorVII and α‐SMA immunohistochemical staining and H and E staining. The ratio of factor VII or CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells in factor VII‐positive cells was assessed in the isolated cells and in scar tissues. Results: In this study, we found that approximately 27–60% of ECs coexpressed VII factor and α‐SMA in the isolated cells from the wound tissues of mice, which was significantly higher than that of normal dermal tissue cells. Accordingly, the number of CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells in mouse wound tissue sections was also significantly more than that in normal dermal tissue sections. In scar tissues, in addition to high‐density microvessels, a large number of proliferative ECs in scar strama and CD31/α‐SMA double‐positive cells were also found. Approximately 46.82 to 84.11% of ECs and 68.77 to 95.25% of myofibroblasts coexpressed VII factor and α‐SMA, and these two values in hypertrophic scars were significantly higher than those in keloids. Conclusion: These results confirmed that ECs might contribute to the emergence of myofibroblasts in the wound and scar tissue via the process of EndMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ferrocene‐pyrene dyad Fc‐PYS for anion recognition was rationally designed and synthesized, in which the ferrocene and the pyrene groups were combined by the imidazolium and sulfonamide anion donors. The structure of the probe was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The anion recognition performance of the probe was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. In acetonitrile solution, Fc‐PYS can fluorescently recognize F− and H2PO4− with different models. Upon the addition of H2PO4−, the fluorescence of Fc‐PYS was increased. However, the complexation with F− quenched its fluorescence. At the same time, Fc‐PYS showed electrochemical response toward basic anions F−, H2PO4−, and AcO− with the ferrocene‐based red/ox potential a negative shift with H2PO4− > F− > AcO−. Furthermore, the binding mechanism between Fc‐PYS and anion has been investigated in detail by 1H NMR titration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]