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Depositions are conducted on monolayer porous membrane at 50 °C by spray pyrolysis using methylaluminoxanes diluted with N‐methylpyrrolidone. The solution penetrates the film during spraying and the ultra‐thin layers are deposited on the side wall of internal pores. It is suggested that these layers are fine polycrystalline of Al2O3. In the obtained film, most of the pores are exposed on the surface and there is no increase in film thickness. Further, the ionic conductivity is the same as that of the received film, and the thermal stability is improved. This method can be an effective technique for improving the function of the separator used in the lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐doped ZnO thin films are deposited on glass by spray pyrolysis using Diethylzinc diluted with diisopropyl ether. The droplet impacts are observed and the structural properties of films are studied as deposition temperature dependence. The shape of a droplet impacts changes from a hemisphere to a flat plane with increasing the deposition temperature. The images of cross sectional transmittance electron microscopy show granular non‐crystalline for RT (room temperature) sample and columnar polycrystalline for 150 °C sample as shown on the right‐side. The growth mechanism of ZnO thin films is discussed by considering the relationship between the shape of droplet impacts and the morphology of the deposited films. Also, the presence of the crystal formed by precursor is suggested for the films deposited at lower temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1/2 study was undertaken to evaluate the optimal subcutaneous tocilizumab dose that would result in exposure comparable to the intravenous tocilizumab 8-mg/kg approved dose in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A pharmacokinetic and biomarker approach was used to estimate the clinical optimal dose regimen of subcutaneous tocilizumab. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab were assessed as secondary end points. Patients received subcutaneous tocilizumab at 81 mg every 2 weeks (q2w) (n = 8), 162 mg q2w (n = 12), or 162 mg weekly (qw) (n = 12) for 24 weeks. 88% of 162-mg q2w patients and 100% of 162-mg qw patients maintained mean serum trough tocilizumab concentrations of ≥1 µg/mL, and had exposure comparable with the approved intravenous tocilizumab dose of 8 mg/kg; this resulted in normalized C-reactive protein levels and improvement in ACR20/50/70 responses. The most common adverse events were abnormal laboratory results, which were mild in severity. Anti-tocilizumab antibodies were detected in a few patients in the 81-mg q2w and 162-mg qw groups. In conclusion, coupled with efficacy and tolerability results, the appropriate dose of subcutaneous tocilizumab was determined to be 162 mg q2w for Japanese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]