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ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to exploit an innovative spatial econometric approach to map and study the evolving patterns of industrial districts (IDs). The procedure can be classified as a k $k$‐means cluster‐wise regression procedure and is designed to detect homogeneous areas of subcontracting activity. These spatially contiguous aggregations of subcontractors are identified in terms of production function homogeneity and are defined as spatial regimes. Using this procedure, it is possible to detect two important sources of agglomeration economies that are commonly associated with the presence of an industrial district. The methodology is tested on a sample of Italian micro and small‐sized subcontracting firms operating in the footwear industry, showing its effectiveness in identifying the most commonly known IDs in this sector. Most ID regimes are persistent over time, despite the high turnover rates in the local subcontracting population after the 2008 financial crisis. These results can be explained by the presence of locally rooted competencies and context‐specific knowledge bases that persist despite the changing actors operating in the locality. Our evidence also shows that location in an ID does not necessarily entail benefits in terms of performance for subcontracting firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of an active near‐infrared laser heterodyne system using a supercontinuum light source as the light signal for trace species detection is experimentally demonstrated. The characteristics of the supercontinuum light source and the data processing methods used in heterodyne detection are described. The measurement of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption spectra was carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the active laser heterodyne system, and high‐resolution absorption spectra of CO₂ and CH₄ were recorded simultaneously. The stability of the active laser heterodyne system is analyzed using Allan variance analysis of long‐term observation data. The active near‐infrared laser heterodyne detection system demonstrated in this paper has great potential for the development of industrial parks' gas monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transforming into eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) by applying collaborative measures and stakeholder engagement is a practical and political response to the decline of current industrial parks, and a solution for fostering sustainable industrial development. While the brownfield approach (EIP development through retrofits and new strategies of existing establishments) is common, greenfield development—where sustainability is inherent in planning, design, and construction—is gaining interest. The present study uses the case of GreenLab in Denmark to explore the emergence and development of greenfield EIPs, showcasing the potential of a middle‐out approach and emphasizing the role of curation in contrast to top‐down and bottom‐up processes. The study draws on a process‐model analytical framework, encompassing the evolutionary phases, the actors involved, and the co‐creation of the journey. The development of GreenLab is found to have passed through three phases of evolution: pre‐emergence, emergence, and probation, increasing the “networkness” in the business park. We point to several critical factors that drove these phases, among which shared vision, road mapping, and engagement and political support from local, regional, and national actors are critical. Furthermore, strategic planning, continuous funding, and strong collaboration with research institutions have been essential. The replication potential of GreenLab is substantial, and the experiences accumulated over the years can guide other greenfield EIPs and new research avenues considering greenfield EIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial symbiosis can be seen as a collaborative process where actors jointly identify, develop, and maintain resource management innovations, primarily related to secondary material and energy flows, to reduce waste generation and increase resource efficiency. Although industrial symbiosis is commonly recognized and promoted as a process creating business values for involved businesses, knowledge of what kind of values are created and how remains unstructured—and possibly incomplete. This is problematic because, without wider considerations as to what business values can be created through industrial symbiosis, the concept may not garner sufficient support from businesses and policy makers. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and present a framework that captures the wide range of business value propositions of industrial symbiosis, including benefits and sacrifices, along with their enabling mechanisms. The framework was developed based on a synthesis of the literature and interviews with actors involved with existing industrial symbiosis networks and is divided into four domains: costs, revenues, risks, and soft values. Beyond providing an overview of industrial symbiosis business values, the framework has additional uses, such as assisting in negotiations of relationship governance terms, including pricing and compensation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Ethiopia has become a prime destination for labour‐intensive, export‐oriented manufacturing industries by virtue of its favourable investment climate and cheap labour. This article examines the labour governance and disciplinary strategies of foreign companies in Ethiopia's industrial park, focusing on the Blue Apparel Company (BAC) in the Bole Lemi Industrial Park, Addis Ababa. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted from August 2021 to August 2022, the study reveals how relaxed labour regulations and the absence of trade unions enable foreign firms to enforce strict, profit‐driven governance. The analysis highlights despotic management practices, hierarchical power dynamics and their impact on local workers. The findings shed light on the intricacies of labour control in globalized production regimes and highlight the challenges workers encounter in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discourse on the ascendancy of city‐regions as a geopolitical framework predominately derives from neoliberal experiences, articulating the interplay between the politics of city‐regional distribution and the evolving role of the state in distribution governance, alongside the challenges related to post‐suburban development. Given the diverse political and economic frameworks across the state, exploring the geopolitics of city‐regional distribution beyond overwhelmed neoliberal assumptions is imperative. This study aims to explicate alternative geopolitics of distribution within China's recent city‐region‐building. Through studying the negotiation and development of two Enclave Industrial Parks (EIPs) in the Pearl River Delta, Southern China, we recontextualise the centrally orchestrated city‐regional distribution within the authoritarian framework of the developmental party‐state. We propose a conceptual framework delineating the transitional rationality of the multi‐scalar state, illustrating the political and territorial negotiation of distribution within a hierarchical resource arrangement. We argue that authoritarian distribution schemes, while manipulating the market regime, do not inherently impede the local distribution. Nonetheless, political and territorial mandates on city‐region‐building, which arbitrarily redefine the opportunities of local communities, perpetuate an authoritarian and contested nature of distribution, ultimately contributing to widening regional development disparities in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the energy sector is the primary source of carbon emissions, achieving low carbon emission reduction and meeting the carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets require a full grasp of the symbiotic relationship between the traditional and new energy industries. This study analyzes data from China's conventional energy industries and the new energy industry from 2005 to 2021 to examine the symbiosis between these two sectors of the economy and its implications. The Lotka–Volterra model is used to determine the symbiosis between industries and further select provinces with industrial symbiosis to analyze the relationship between industrial symbiosis and consumer demand. The results show that, first, 28 provinces in China have industrial symbiosis, of which only four provinces are commensal symbiosis and the remaining 24 provinces are parasitic symbiosis. Second, whereas the parasitic symbiosis will impede the growth of consumer demand, the commensal symbiosis between the new energy industry and the traditional energy industry can greatly encourage the growth of consumer demand. In addition, the promotion effect of commensal symbiosis on consumer demand is mainly manifested in government consumption, while parasitic symbiosis has a dampening effect on residential consumption, government consumption, and investment. Finally, under the regulation of ecological carbon sequestration, parasitic symbiosis can promote the growth of consumer demand. Therefore, the government should continue to promote industrial symbiosis and ecological carbon sequestration and, in this way, promote the growth of consumer demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of green and low‐carbon transformation of industrial high‐energy‐consuming parks, in order to realize the coordinated development planning of energy and transportation under different peaking capacity requirements, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization model of industrial high‐energy‐consuming parks under green and low‐carbon. Firstly, by studying the energy balance mechanism between industrial load and new energy, an energy topology prior model of energy interaction in the next generation of industrial new energy power grid is constructed. Then, based on the probability characteristics of the equilibrium state of different regions in the high‐energy‐consuming industrial zone, combined with the prior knowledge of industrial load and low‐carbon power system, a collaborative development planning model of high‐energy‐consuming industrial parks is constructed. Finally, the proposed model is simulated. From the simulation results the authors can see the dynamic division model and solution algorithm of energy balance region established in this paper can effectively improve the energy balance ability of power grid, reduce peak shaving demand and use more renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the dynamic capability perspective, this study examines the impact of green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) on sustainability performance through green innovation, considering the moderation of ambidexterity. Data were collected through a 26‐item questionnaire administered in two stages to key respondents from the operations and administrative/commercial departments, resulting in 369 valid responses from industrial small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in 13 Portuguese industrial districts. The findings reveal that GEO positively influences green processes and product innovation. This suggests that companies with this orientation prioritize environmental protection and business growth through green innovation. Consequently, these innovations enhance sustainability performance across the triple bottom line dimensions, highlighting the link between GEO and the mitigation of negative environmental impacts. The study argues that sustainability can drive competitiveness and stresses the need to balance exploration and exploitation to maximize the benefits of GEO on green innovation and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is a strategy that focuses on the exchange of resources between colocated industries. Despite the benefits of IS, companies often face challenges in implementing it, primarily due to technical, economic, and information barriers. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing IS among Brazilian companies. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with 201 colocated companies using a previously developed instrument to assess their levels of symbiotic readiness. The findings resulted in the creation of a typology of symbiotic readiness levels, accompanied by practical recommendations for each level. In general, the surveyed companies are making progress toward implementing IS, as evidenced by their attempts to exchange waste and by‐products with other colocated industries. However, overcoming barriers related to information sharing, trust‐building, access conditions, infrastructure, and partnership formation remains challenging. This study provides valuable evidence from an emerging country regarding the readiness levels of companies to implement IS, offering insights and recommendations for managers and public authorities to promote IS. It is important to note that as companies reach mature stages of IS implementation, they can collaborate to transform the conditions of the industrial parks, ultimately fostering future industrial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a regional disparity in the employment density of Seoul. Considering problems such as traffic congestion and jobs‐housing imbalance, it is important to understand the spatial pattern of employment density and identify key influencing factors to determine the changes in the future urban spatial structure. This study analyzed employment density in each region of Seoul to derive important predictors. We examined the spatial patterns of employment density and evaluated the effects of spatial and nonspatial factors based on the general model and the spatial heterogeneity model. To predict the distribution of employment density, we used two statistical models (i.e., ordinary least squares regression [OLS] and geographically weighted regression [GWR] models) and two machine learning models (i.e., the random forest [RF] and geographically weighted random forest [GWRF] models). The results showed that the key influencing factors were the number of corporate business companies, number of main and attraction facilities, accessibility to subway stations, areas of commercial and industrial districts, and distance to business districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following economic crises, the evolution of industrial districts (IDs) has frequently caused the crisis within entire urban systems. Being IDs based on individual will and competences, rather than on big industries, their failure can compromise the city's identity. The Italian manufacturing industry consistently relied on this process, and this paper analyzes the case study of Prato, a medieval core city in central Italy that, since the mid‐twentieth century, developed a world‐class textile district based on a polycentric production structure and widespread family entrepreneurialism. During the global economic crisis of the early 2000s, production almost stalled, leaving the city without the core of a collective identity, but with a legacy of empty spaces. Significant foreign migration, in particular from China, filled these spaces, consolidating the clothing sector. The study investigated the city's contemporary identities resulting from the rapid change in people, activities, and spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial sector is China's major element of energy consumption and carbon emissions, and carbon emissions reduction in industrial parks has become an important foothold in carbon reduction work. Predicting the future evolution trend of carbon emissions in industrial parks under different policy orientations is of great significance for China to achieve the carbon emissions peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the current status of electricity consumption and carbon emissions in industrial parks, this paper takes a light industrial park as the research object, analyzes the source of carbon emissions in this park, combines the characteristics of resource endowment and industrial structure, and considers the factors influencing society, load curve, energy supply and carbon sink, thus constructing a system dynamics model of carbon emission evolution for this park. Different influencing factors are selected to set multiple target scenarios, and the GDP, carbon emissions, carbon emissions reduction and near‐zero carbon evaluation coefficient of light industrial parks are used as characterization indicators for simulation analysis. The analysis results revealed that the comprehensive scenario set by increasing the maximum installed capacity of renewable energy units and raising the proportions of environmental and science and technology inputs while adjusting the industrial growth rate of the park performed best. In this scenario, the economic development of the park and the process of carbon emissions reduction are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disproportionate populace progression in Lagos, Nigeria, and industrial undertakings have augmented the region's quantity and quality of waste. The magnitude of waste has initiated a disparaging alteration in the ecosystem of Lagos. Combining the population and volume of industrial waste has overwhelmed the city's existing wastewater management system (WWMS). This study offers an exploratory review of contemporary scholarship, which has reconnoitered sustainable WWMS as a conduit for significant interventions. The qualitative data was extracted from secondary and primary sources. Key informant interviews were conducted with the Lagos State Wastewater Management Office officials. A non‐participant observation approach was used to retrieve the Ogba Industrial Estate data in Ikeja. A plastic manufacturing plant in Amowo Odofin and familial residences in Bariga and Surulere served as empirical observation sites. The analysis embraced a sustainability framework, countenancing the construction of a holistic approach inclusive of environmental, political, economic, and social culpability. While the study established associated legal statutes, lawful compliance with WWMS was deficient. Verification includes frustration with multiple taxations, unpredictable government guidelines and scarce land. Derisory prioritization on environmental impact, scant infrastructure and inadequate technical knowledge are rationalizations for non‐compliance with WWMS in Lagos. The study has identified the urgent need for practical, sustainable WWMS to meet an explosive urban population's needs. The realization of cost‐effective WWMS promises to deliver social and environmental benefits while augmenting socio‐economic and health prospects in Lagos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The convergency and diffusion behaviours of truck information derived from BeiDou trajectory data are extremely useful in improving the capacity of logistics critical roads (LCR) in industrial parks. In this paper, a novel dynamic identification method of LCR is proposed for traffic refined organization in industrial parks. The structural importance method is built in the first step to assess the theoretical importance of road network structure. The logistics attractiveness of the road is then measured using a business circle model with built environment and truck behaviour factors. In the third step, the real‐time road selectivity is calculated using the K‐Average Nearest Neighbour Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (KANN—DBSCAN) algorithm to assess road vulnerability. Finally, LCR are identified by solving the road criticality based on the aforementioned parameters. The method is validated by comparing the predicted LCR with the factual LCR in a case study of Hongqi town and relative BeiDou data. The conformity of the proposed method with reality is > 85%. The authors reveal some rules at various times: Logistics factors are more important in LCR in industrial parks. LCR with heavy passenger traffic have a significant tide, and those with heavy freight traffic are strongly correlated with production plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent urban scholarship shows how zoning and real estate dynamics shape ongoing processes of gentrification and deindustrialization. While studies demonstrate the impact of planning and property market pressures on the arts, less research has examined their effect on urban manufacturers in gentrifying industrial districts. Given the differential impact of zoning and real estate pressures, our research focuses specifically on how 'cultural manufacturers' negotiate changing land use patterns in gentrifying urban industrial areas in San Francisco and Melbourne. Our findings show how cultural manufacturers develop flexible workspace arrangements, business models and professional networks to negotiate urban restructuring and avoid displacement. Though innovative, these survival strategies provide limited ability to navigate structural barriers. Here, the presence of intermediary organizations can help coordinate a strategic response to industrial gentrification and indifferent planning policy. In our research we highlight the everyday practices of adaptation and collective action in an under‐researched cultural sector to provide a counterweight to macro‐scale transitional narratives. While cities have deindustrialized owing to technological and competitive pressures, to focus exclusively on this misses a range of resilience practices that have sustained manufacturers in restructuring cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the first reconstruction of the smelting conditions in 16th‐ to 18th‐century smelters from Miedziana Góra (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland). Based on geochemical (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/emission spectrometry, X‐ray fluorescence) and mineralogical analysis (X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro‐analysis) of historical slags, their chemical/phase composition and the basic smelting parameters (temperature, melt viscosity, and oxygen fugacity) were determined. Due to the differences in chemical and phase composition, slags from different smelting stages have been distinguished: hypocrystalline slags (MG6) from speiss/matte production and glassy (MG1–MG5) from matte conversion. In glassy slags, pyroxenes, quartz/cristobalite grains, and aggregates composed of metallic Cu and PbO are dispersed in the glass. Hypocrystalline slags are composed of wollastonites, anorthites, and metallic Cu. The temperature range at which the slags were formed was from ~1100°C (solidus temperature) to 1150–1200°C (liquidus temperature). The silicate melt's viscosity was from log η = 1.19 to 4.42 Pa s (at 1100–1200°C). The higher viscosity of MG1–MG5 slags indicates that, unlike MG6 slags, they were not formed during gravity separation. Information about the phase composition made it possible to determine the oxygen fugacity in the range of log fO2 = −4 to −12 atm. High oxygen fugacity indicates the oxidizing nature of the smelting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immeasurable energy‐saving potential of industrial parks and commercial buildings with unprecedented growth in scale and quantity can be well exploited by load disaggregation, a promising technique for demand‐side refinement management. However, traditional load disaggregation studies mainly focus on residential users and neglect the collection and analysis of industrial and commercial loads. This study employs a simulated response model of versatile load categories with voltage‐dependent load functions to overcome the unavailability of industrial and commercial datasets. Specially, a weighting factors allocation method considering probability statistics of power consumption distribution characteristics is proposed to construct a typical daily multi‐type load aggregation model. Furthermore, an intelligent load disaggregation strategy is developed based on a multi‐channel neural network to constructively improve multi‐feature tracking and convergence efficiency. Finally, the simulation results of the detailed study case confirm the tractability and effectiveness of the proposed approach to carry out load identification among multi‐type users, with an accuracy of 94.9% and errors of individual categories controlled between 3.32% and 10.686%. Moreover, additional interference tests demonstrate that the developed model has superiority over common load disaggregation structures, with better tolerance to exceptional voltage fluctuation and noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Supply‐demand coordination optimization of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system provides an effective way to improve the overall energy utilization efficiency and mitigate the challenges of energy and environmental crisis for industrial park. However, the uncertainties of energy supply and demand and the time coupling caused by storage system bring great challenges for energy efficiency and feasibility of strategy. To address the supply‐demand coordination problem, a scenario‐based operation optimization model of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system is formulated. In this model, grey hydrogen, green hydrogen, and renewable energy are coordinated. Furthermore, in order to formulate the hard constraints of the gas storage, the robust constraints with adjustable robust parameters are added to make a trade‐off between feasibility and economy of operation strategy. The robust constraints are non‐linear, time‐coupled, dynamic and infinite dimensional and bring high computational complexity. Thus, the analytical solutions of the worst case are developed under the polyhedral budget constraints to transform the model into a mixed integer linear programming which can be efficiently solved. Finally, numerical test based on a real case is analysed and the results show that supply‐demand coordination can reduce the energy cost about 11.29% and energy storage system can significantly improve the flexibility of system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the regional innovation symbiosis effect on firm green innovation. Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2012 to 2018 were the sample and the entropy method was used to construct a regional innovation symbiosis index. We found that innovation symbiosis significantly promoted firm‐level green innovation, with regional government environment investment playing an intermediary role. Further tests indicated that the effect was more pronounced when firms were in cities that had green industrial parks and in firms that publicly disclosed more environmental information. State‐owned firms were found to be more likely to focus on green innovation in higher innovation symbiosis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1940s, the people of the neighbourhoods (kampungs) around Surabaya's derelict Ngagel industrial estate have made a living by repurposing the remains of what was once one of Asia's most modern road, rail and industry networks. The remains—in the form of leftover fuel, labour and factory parts—are used to rebuild and repair improvised transport vehicles like bicycle‐taxis (becak), minibuses (bemo) and motorbike‐taxis (ojek). The repurposing happens at the limits of a capital‐intensive heavy infrastructure of factories, trams and buses. The limits are those points where such infrastructure fails and a household‐funded mosquito‐fleet of light vehicles succeeds. Repurposing gives those who do it a right to infrastructure by providing the city with much‐needed public transport. In Surabaya, public transport begins at its limits through the improvisations of people who live in the productive remains of capital‐intensive heavy infrastructure. These people live in Surabaya's deindustrialized urban core, where life is made in the ruins of infrastructure through the breaking‐down of it, the reworking of it, the right to it, and the leakage of it—the means through which rank‐and‐file people rather than states and corporations forge infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical industry has witnessed a heavy global environmental clean-up and remediation burden. Chemical industrial parks (CIPs) are important carriers of the chemical industry and present both opportunities and challenges in terms of environmental sustainability. The end-of-pipe waste treatment system, comprised of enterprise facilities and shareable infrastructure, is mandatory in Chinese CIPs; in that sense, its cost is often taken for granted without accurate calculation, and reduction opportunities are commonly missed. Quantifying the whole-process cost is thus crucial for promoting the waste treatment system of CIPs. This study established a bottom-up and trilayer nested model for waste treatment, which integrated interphase material flows, pollutant reduction technology, and whole-process cost accounting by targeting CIPs. The cost included wastewater treatment, waste gas treatment, and solid waste disposal costs, and each component further included depreciation, operation, and other expenditures. After empirically applying the model to a typical CIP in China, we revealed that this CIP attained a total waste treatment cost of 1.31 billion CNY (0.19 billion US dollars) in 2016, which is approximately 52.4% of the park's tax income. Overall, approximately 55.6% of the cost was attributable to wastewater treatment (729 millionCNY, 108 millionUS dollars), 12.5% to waste gas treatment, and 31.9% to solid waste disposal. In the empirical case study, the cost imposed a substantial economic burden on the industrial park, while the environmental performance of the waste treatment system still required improvement. The results called for systematic rethinkingwhich is featured by an extended system boundary and three dialectical relations in CIPs. Three policy recommendations were proposed by systematic rethinking, including symbiotic solutions targeting waste treatment infrastructures within and among enterprises, priority optimization on the key enterprises with high pollution emissionsand treatment costs, and flexible deployment of in-plant waste treatment facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The picture in the background is the old chemistry building of Soochow University, the symbols of S are: 1. for the research field of Prof. Wang Shunyi's group at Soochow University: Organic Sulfur Chemistry; 2. for Soochow University; 3. for Suzhou; 4. for Singapore. We would like to take this opportunity to celebrate the 110th anniversary of the founding of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering in Soochow University, as well as the 30th anniversary of the Suzhou‐Singapore Industrial Park. The cover image portrays the reductive coupling reaction of xanthate esters with sulfur‐containing and selenium‐containing compounds (thio(seleno)sulfonates and disulfides(selenides)) under the nickel‐catalyzed condition. It provides a mild and effective method for the synthesis of unsymmetric sulfides and selenides. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on pages 2453—2458. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Italian region Emilia‐Romagna ranks first among the world's most important cooperative districts. Using a unique dataset covering all firms registered in the region, we investigate the performance of active firms in the period 2010–18. By focusing on added value, employment and profits of cooperative firms as compared to conventional firms, we disentangle the differences between the average performance of the two types of companies and detect the presence of a "size effect" driving much of the difference between them. Moreover, our results strengthen previous empirical evidence about the behavior of cooperative firms: they seem to optimize a mixture of employment and profits, assigning a greater weight to the former during downturns and stagnation. Hence, as a type of firm, they look more resilient than conventional companies, at least as far as employment is concerned. Finally, we examine the regional logistics industry and compare also the productivity per employee in the two segments of the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) combine the concepts and principles of industrial ecology (IE) and industrial symbiosis (IS) to enable environmentally‐friendly industrial manufacturing capacity. The current reality is that many EIPs are developed from ageing industrial parks (IPs). However, how such EIP transformation projects are managed by diverse public and private stakeholders is largely unknown. This study summarises the results of a systematic literature review (n = 61) to identify a five‐stage process of EIP transformation. Five key stakeholders and influencing factors are identified, and drawing on process theory, a framework is developed that highlights how these stakeholders work together over time. While this study serves as an overview of the body of knowledge on the business and social aspect of EIP transformation, the main contribution of this work is the propositions on the interactions and order of stakeholders embedded in the framework, which can guide future research especially on the early stages of EIP transformation. In practice, EIP project managers can judge the stage of the project based on the project status and work back from actions entities undertake to progress the project systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, historic policies led to large, monocropped agricultural landscapes resulting in degradation of traditional landscapes. In the last 20 years, the expansion of urban and industrial areas has added to this degradation. The growing interest in nature‐based solutions, including water‐retention measures, is a response to reversing landscape degradation, rejuvenating ecosystem services, and mitigating the impacts of large‐scale commercial agriculture and climate change. In this study, the costs and benefits of water‐retention measures in eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia are assessed. Results indicate that water‐retention measures offer increased water availability over all land use classes assessed, help increase crop productivity, and aid in landscape cooling. Croplands are suggested as being the best value for money, offering the greatest volume potentials (mean = 88 million m3), cooling effects (mean = −1.6°C), and productivity gains (mean = €66 million yr−1), while also being the cheapest to implement per unit area. Differing policies in the three states will likely result in non‐uniform selection or implementation of measures. Future work should focus on local‐level studies offering greater practical messages beyond the regional‐level analysis conducted here. This work contributes to the growing body of literature assessing the costs and benefits of water‐retention measures, including the potential for landscape cooling, lowering temperature gradients, and ecosystem restoration. As the world urbanises, and as more land is converted to homogeneous cropland, such measures may prove critical in mitigating climate change, landscape drying, flood runoff, and soil and nutrient loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russell City, California was once a small farming settlement located near San Francisco Bay. Its population increased and demographics changed during the 1940s, when African American and Latinx families migrated to the area and became the town's majority. The hamlet was never incorporated and lacked basic utilities, yet Russell Cityans self‐governed, provided civic safety services, established churches and businesses, and sealed financial deals between neighbors. In the 1950s, however, surrounding areas began considering Russell City a blight. Newspaper articles reinforced this idea, while simultaneously detailing governmental attempts to impede Russell City's improvement efforts. In 1963, Alameda County began the forced relocation of Russell's tenants via a redevelopment project. Residents protested to no avail, and by 1968 the town was destroyed. The area is now an industrial park. Contemporary archaeology methods like archival research, oral history, material analysis, photography, and mapping are essential to understand Russell City's past. Using these approaches also enables former residents to cognitively bridge past and present, contributes to forming individual identities, fortifies community solidarity, and exposes the paradox of how living in Russell City was experienced by townspeople compared to how it was viewed by those outside its perimeters. Lastly, documenting Russell Cityans' experiences and mapping the town are acts that confront the race and class‐based systems that not only shaped their lives as well as others in similar communities across the United States, but continue to affect marginalized peoples today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the path to carbon neutrality, the journey to net‐zero emissions in the industry is achievable, and the green development of industrial parks is crucial for a smooth transition. We examined a sample of 171 green industrial parks certified by China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). Using the Tapio decoupling model, we conducted decoupling analyses at both the national and regional scales of their economic growth and environmental conservation for three consecutive years. Spatial heterogeneity is found in carbon‐economy decoupling states and carbon‐pollutant synergy effects. Industrial parks in the east of China present better carbon‐economy decoupling states and carbon‐pollutant synergy effects than the other regions. The CO2 emissions determinants were explored by using the STIRPAT model. The variable industrial value‐added per capita, which is representative of economic growth, presents a positive and significant effect on emissions; the energy output and the proportion of high‐tech industries present a negative effect. However, after dividing the parks into groups by their leading industries, the influence of the variables started to show a power discrepancy. The heterogeneity analysis of this study can provide a basis for developing diversified strategies for Chinese industrial parks under the net‐zero emission goal. Plain Language Summary: This paper evaluated the economic development and environmental impacts of the 171 green industrial parks certified by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China, using data and materials that were inventoried and summarized for the first time. The relationship of economic growth and CO2 emissions and other major pollutants was examined using the Tapio decoupling model, and the results suggest strong decoupling states for most of the cases, and a significant carbon‐pollution synergy effect. Further regression analysis indicated that industrial output and green and high‐tech industries are significant drivers of decoupling. The discoveries will guide future actions and policies toward sustainable development for the industrial parks of China. Key Points: Economic growth and environmental impacts are strongly decoupled for most of the studied green industrial parksA significant carbon‐pollution synergy effect is found in the green industrial parksIndustrial output and green and high‐tech industries are significant drivers of CO2 emissions but show discrepancy in different industries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As win‐win solutions at the park level, eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) have become the mainstream model to realize a sustainable transition of industrial parks in the world. However, few cases have been implemented in Africa, even though Africa is fertile ground for the growth of industrial parks. This study explores the transition process and outcome of a typical African industrial park—Hawassa Industrial Park (HIP) in Ethiopia. We adopted the international framework for EIPs and applied the strategic niche management (SNM) framework to uncover the transition performance and process. This study shows that HIP's development is a clear articulation of implementing the sustainable development strategy and the industrial park development corporation's role. However, the analysis also identified limitations such as the impracticability of certain framework criteria and inapplicable indicators. Although HIP is still at the nascent stages of EIP implementation, we have found three critical factors for EIP development in Ethiopia from our preliminary observation. These include the importance of actors, the learning process, and having standards for an indicator system. These indicators are of exceptional value to Ethiopian researchers and practitioners in integrating sustainability into local economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam‐to‐column connections are a crucial element in industrial precast reinforced concrete (PRC) buildings. They are also the source of several damages reported after recent earthquakes. This typology of buildings is very common both in the Portuguese industrial park and throughout Europe. In order to have a better knowledge of the connection behaviour an extensive experimental work was done and it is here presented to characterize, under cyclic loading, the pure friction behaviour and friction and dowel beam–to–column behaviour. The research was focused on the parameters that might influence the seismic performance of the connections. These are the friction between elements, the absence or presence of dowels and their position on the column's corbel, and finally the different axial load level applied on the connections. The results presented in this study pointed to the importance of using neoprene pad between concrete faces, with the main objective of damage control. The use of mechanical connectors (dowels) was also highlighted as a source of increasing the strength of the beam–to–column connection in values greater than 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric foams are a key element of many multifunctional sandwich structures. The most commonly used polymeric foam, polyurethane, presents environmental drawbacks, related to poor recyclability and the use of toxic diisocyanates for their manufacturing. The separation of layers in sandwich structures is a further unresolved hurdle toward the recyclability of these elements. There is a need for broadening the spectrum of polymeric foams. In this context, the foamability of polybutene‐1 (PB‐1) is studied through extrusion foaming experiments. From the application side, foaming PB‐1 would allow the manufacturing of district heating pre‐insulated pipes out of one single material, bringing circular product design to the energy sector. From the scientific side, there is a knowledge gap in the foaming of polymers in the rubbery state at room temperature, such as PB‐1, due to difficulties in the cell stabilization step. This supports the need for research in the foaming of this polymer. In this study, four commercial grades of PB‐1 were evaluated, covering different chain structures, molecular weights, and crystallinity degrees. Very different foaming behaviors were found. Dimensionally stable foams were achieved with the two homopolymers tested, demonstrating the foamability of this polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Day‐ahead forecasting for campus‐level load is important for better energy management, but especially difficult to be accurate, compared to large‐scale loads such as cities or regions. This is because irregular and unpredictable behavior of individual loads in small‐scale loads cannot be fully smoothed out and thus pose a negative impact on forecasting accuracy. This paper presents an online refinement strategy for day‐ahead forecasting using intraday data for a campus‐level load, focusing on self‐adapting correction of forecasting considering load pattern. First, according to the load pattern forecasted by Classification and Regression Trees (CART) one day ahead, the correction parameter group is assigned to the correction model. If the correction conditions are met, the forecasting results for the rest of the day will be updated. After all‐day load data is achieved, the actual load pattern can be identified and used to train CART model. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, the model is evaluated by two datasets, a real‐life dataset of an industrial park in Shanghai China and a public dataset of an institute campus in Delhi, India. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can improve short‐term forecasting accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource/environmental policies are often developed as latecomer public policies in response to industrial pollution and problems with the living environment as a result of growth and development strategies. I hope that the authors will view this book as a foundation for subsequent work to elucidate the historical policy-formation process leading up to carbon neutrality, with a historical environmental policy perspective. The authors point out that regardless of a country's development stage or policy sector, such activity has occurred as latecomer public-policy formulation, constrained by initial conditions and path dependence. [Extracted from the article]

Subnational governments played key roles in China's past rapid growth, and local industrial policy was among their most frequently used tools. Using a plausible comprehensive local industrial policies variable constructed using local Five‐Year Plans and a comprehensive dataset of all medium and large firms in China between 1998 and 2013, this paper attempts to understand whether such interventions are helpful for China's growth. Our results indicate that although local industrial policies attract more low productivity firms, they do achieve their purpose of improving the productivity of the targeted sectors, at firm and city levels, especially in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In different regions of China that can range from 5 to 100 km2, various production plants and facilities such as petrochemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, paper mills, thermal power plants, hazardous waste disposal sites makes chemical industrial parks with Chinese characteristics. At the same time, these chemical industry parks in various places are in urgent need of advanced monitoring, prewarning, and tracing technologies, in order to strengthen monitoring of atmospheric emissions in chemical industrial parks, and timely prevention of the leakage of exhaust gas and explosion accidents in the production process of these enterprises. Most of the Chinese chemical industry parks still use traditional air monitoring technologies that requires setting up passive air monitoring collection points at the boundary of enterprises and industrial parks and use the "point" sensor and pollution factors collected by air stations. However, the operation of traditional air monitoring equipment is affected by the prevailing wind conditions, thus the traditional air monitoring equipment and technology is of limited use to conduct monitoring. One of the authors of this manuscript, Weimin Zhang with Jiangsu China‐U.S. Environmental Monitoring Co. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as EMCUS), with 10 years of has been testing and observing air diffusion law in chemical industrial parks for 10 years and has achieved fruitful success. The best way to truly achieve tracing and prewarning about the air pollution is to conduct timely three‐dimensional dynamic collection of chemical factors and then perform qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on this theory, EMCUS has abandoned the traditional "point" passive monitoring theories. After a comprehensive analysis and comparison of air quality monitoring technology and equipment around the world, especially several investigations of advanced Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipment and software in the United States, EMCUS initiated the three‐dimensional monitoring technology for exhaust gas emissions which fully combined with the current situations of chemical industry parks. During the EcoPartnership project, the stepwise vertical and radial air monitoring technology was fully promoted in Chinese chemical industry parks to generate key emission data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most important production space for the development of chemical industry in China, chemical industrial parks (CIPs) are facing a new challenge of water pollution prevention and control, in addition to those posed by traditional and emerging pollutants. It is thus important to systematically reveal the compositewater‐environmental impact of CIPs for contributing to the sustainable development of the chemical industry. CIPs have the issue of intensive wastewater generation characterized by complex pollutant components and high pollution loads. Thus, establishing an environmentally friendly wastewater treatment system has always been a major challenge for CIPs. China has developed many CIPs and the two‐stage wastewater treatment system is widely employed in practice, that is, in‐plant wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in individual enterprises followed by centralized WWTPs in parks. Since the CIP wastewater emission limits are continuously improved, a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impacts of the in‐use wastewater treatment system will be insightful for future policy making. This study employed life cycle assessment (LCA) to reveal the life cycle environmental impact of the two‐stage wastewater treatment system in a typical CIP. We found that the life cycle environmental impacts of the whole system mainly stem from the in‐plant WWTPs of chemical manufacturers because of chemicals and electricity consumed in the multi‐stage advanced oxidation technologies, while the increase of human toxicity potential and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential are primarily due to sludge incineration. Three scenarios targeting the reduction of environmental impacts were proposed based on the LCA results. We evaluated the pollution mitigation potential, which can reach at most 8% of the original measured impacts. Finally, from the perspective of systematic thinking, four policy implications for improving the water management system of CIPs were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a study of short and long‐term responses of photosynthetic apparatus and anti‐oxidant capacity to complex abiotic stresses of Calamagrostis epigejos and Solidago gigantea commonly occurring in seminatural habitats and novel ecosystems of coal‐mine spoil heaps. Drought/salinity and elevated temperature were dominant abiotic stressors triggering both species‐ and habitat‐specific responses, confirmed by ChlF induction curves analysis. Although in both species a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (A) and transpiration rate (E) in spoil heap were observed, Ce showed higher (A) on both habitats in comparison to Sg. Moreover, we found higher H2O2 concentration in Sg leaves as compared to Ce leaves, large differences in catalase (CAT) activity and the reverse pattern of lipid peroxidation in Sg and Ce populations, suggesting species‐specific differences in antioxidative mechanisms. The Sg individuals developed structural and functional adaptations to protect PSA against drought/salinity stresses (lower leaf chlorophyll, higher flavonoids content, ChlF parameters: Vi, Vj, dVG/dto). The Ce populations have higher values of JIP parameters related to the electron transfer site within PSI. Mechanisms of plant species adaptation to industrial areas are crucial for species selection and planning effective reclamation of them. In novel ecosystems of spoil heaps both species responded differently to complex abiotic stresses in comparison to seminatural ones that enable them to gain success on both sites. They can spontaneously colonize such areas, create permanent plant cover, and produce large amounts of biomass. Further research on plant traits response and adaptation to complex environmental stresses on industrial habitats are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize a low‐carbon and sustainable energy transition, smart energy systems (SES) assisted by data and information technology are regarded as promising solutions for energy system integration (ESI) and have been put into regional practices. However, there is still lacking attention on the development of multiregional smart energy systems (MRSES), which include three or more areas. This article aims to analyze concepts and practices of SES and enlighten a new perspective of MRSES. The conceptual evolution and regional practices of SES in the world were first reviewed, and it was found out that SES does not means the end of the conceptual evolution of ESI. Current regional practices are still limited in small areas, being typically remote areas, urban areas, and industrial areas. Secondly, the review of concepts and practices of SES in China indicate that the understanding of SES concepts are still confusing in national scale, and the apparent regional disparity in China is calling attention on the development of MRSES. Finally, a preliminary concept of MRSES was proposed and its perspective in China and the world, which is composed by four connected sub‐SES and named as a coordinated development of "smart energy farms + smart energy towns + smart energy industrial parks + smart energy transportation networks" was discussed. The former three sub‐SES are identified according to various economic characteristics and resources endowment in different regions, and they are all connected by the forth sub‐SES. Although this concept is still preliminary, it provides an imagination of future large‐scale SES, and the realization of this concept needs further breakthrough of data technology. This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Industry Specific ApplicationsApplication Areas > Government and Public SectorApplication Areas > Society and Culture [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respectively a professor and research fellow at the Politecnico di Torino, Michele Bonino and Maria Paola Repellino explore the rejuvenation, social aspirations, architectural techniques and outcomes of China's danwei system of industrial units. This is resulting in a revitalisation of these districts, bringing cultural, employment and amenity diversity as well as blurring older boundaries between richer areas and less privileged ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among U.S.‐China EcoPartnerships, the PHL‐TEDA EcoPartnership is unique in its design as an open platform to facilitate collaboration among businesses, local governments, universities and non‐governmental organizations (NGO). On the U.S. side, the platform consists of China Partnership of Greater Philadelphia (CPGP, a 501c3 non‐profit) and its public sector partner, the Commerce Department of the City of Philadelphia. The objective of this collaboration is to bring to scale sustainable‐city‐type BE Better technologies (built environment technologies that are more energy‐efficient, smarter and healthier) in China and, by doing so, to promote sustainable economic development in the U.S. The mechanism for scaling these BE Better technologies is through China's national‐level industrial parks. The initial stage focuses on China's northeastern Jing‐Jin‐Ji region (comprising Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province) through collaborations with Green Development League‐member National Economic‐Technological Development Zones (NETDZ) in Beijing, Tianjin and Langfang. The larger goal is to position for second‐stage, nation‐wide expansion of the BE Better model through the Green Development League's 36 member‐NETDZs nationwide and through the Ministry of Commerce's national Eco Park program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transnational policy transfer through cross‐border government‐to‐government collaboration projects has been widely adopted as a tool to facilitate economic growth, especially by developing countries. Why did some transnational projects of policy transfer succeed while others fail? What are the facilitating and constraining factors in shaping their fates? What are their theoretical and policy implications for public administration and economic development in a globalizing world? This article examines the case of the China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park which has been in operation since its establishment in 1994. Challenging the previous studies and adopting a mixed research method utilizing a wide range of quantitative and qualitative data, we identify three major factors affecting the results of policy transfer: (1) a systemic combination of "hardware" and "software" in the conceptualization of transnational policy transfer; (2) localization of transnational policy and its enforcement; and mostly importantly, (3) institutionalization of key processes in both ends of policy exchanges and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kenya is making progress on the construction of the Mombasa Gateway, Africa's longest bridge, with a deal signed to move forward with its construction. The bridge will replace the old causeway connecting the island of Mombasa with the mainland, improving vehicle traffic flow and allowing larger ships to pass beneath. Additionally, the development of the Dongo Kundu Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is underway, which will include a free port, trade zone, and industrial parks. In Mozambique, the Maputo Port Development Company is seeking to invest in rail transport to reduce the port's dependency on road trucks. The goal is to increase the use of rail to 45% and decrease road transport to 55%. In Nigeria, a new train line, the Red Line, has been launched in Lagos to alleviate traffic congestion in the city. The line is part of a larger transit network that will include five more train lines in the future. Finally, in Tanzania, construction is underway on a strategic road that will link SADC countries through Zambia, improving the movement of people, services, and goods within the region. [Extracted from the article]

An analysis of technology potential of a metal‐based high temperature latent heat storage for the application of process steam backup for industrial parks in Germany was carried out. To investigate the integration of the storage into a process steam network, dynamic process simulations were performed. Furthermore, the analysis includes ecological and economical calculations for various fuel types of industrial power plants, plant sizes and auxiliary fuels. Basis of all calculations is an extensive research conducted on the industrial parks in Germany with a dedicated power plant and process steam utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The external geometry of the human femur changes markedly during early ontogeny as children learn to sit, crawl, stand, and eventually walk. Here we examine the pattern of femoral angle development in a sample of children from 18th and 19th century London and evaluate how angular changes correspond to key stages of childhood locomotor development. Metaphyseal bicondylar angle (BCA) and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) measurements were collected from radiographs of a documented archeological sample of 112 children aged from birth to 8.5 years. Ontogenetic patterns were assessed by using a local regression (LOESS) to fit curves to each angle parameter according to chronological age and femur length, and group comparisons were made between successive locomotor stages. The results demonstrate an increase in BCA throughout growth, which accelerates rapidly between the ages of 1 and 2 years when children first start to walk with an immature waddling gait. NSA was observed to increase during the first few months after birth, followed by a rapid decline at about 7 months and a steady decline during the second year when children learn to walk. The findings from this study contribute to the current literature on femoral angle development and provide an insight into femur development in children from industrial London. Further research is required to ascertain whether this pattern of NSA development is specific to the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deployment, control, and continuous improvement of a sustainable industrial park are complex and cross‐sector endeavours involving many different aspects. Generally, control of a sustainable industrial park comprises a range of actions that are undertaken to achieve its sustainability that is deployed into fundamental objectives. Achieving these objectives requires the definition, recurring redefinition, and continuous control of an action plan. The decision maker in charge of the industrial park needs pieces of information on the impact of the action plan before and during its execution. The performance expressions (also called utilities), are evolving during the execution of the action plan and rely on multiple criteria since a sustainable industrial park is a complex system with numerous objectives. In this paper, an innovative use of multi‐criteria decision analysis is presented. MACBETH is used to express the evolution of the performance of a sustainable industrial park, either for the purpose of prediction or verification. A case study is presented with the expression of the performance of a Canadian sustainable industrial park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the level of sense of belonging in industrial districts is a key factor in understanding how firms acquire knowledge. This paper focuses on how the strength of ties and trust developed in interorganizational relationships drives the sense of belonging to the industrial district and leads firms to acquire knowledge. The proposed model was applied to a sample of 166 companies located in the industrial districts of the Spanish footwear industry. The findings suggest that the level of sense of belonging alone does not allow firms in industrial districts to directly acquire external knowledge. Only companies that are able to utilize their greater level of sense of belonging to industrial districts to generate strong and trusting relationships with other agents will acquire relevant knowledge. The study provides important empirical and theoretical contributions and several implications for managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite well‐known corrosion inhibition behavior of cathodic protection (CP) system, this process might be a potential hazard to surrounding ecosystem resulted mostly from continuous electrical current which is applied to the adjacent environment and metallic anode dissolution as well. In this research, deepwater CP wells at different locations of Golestan province, Iran, were taken into consideration to evaluate the impact of these protective systems on underground waters from viewpoint of chemical and physicochemical characteristics resulted from anode dissolution. For this purpose, concentration of metallic constituents of the anode as well as the amount of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and total hardness were determined. On the basis of obtained results, the concentration of Mn, Cr, and Fe in CP well located nearby an industrial district (i.e., 0.087, 0.475, and 8.5 mg/L, respectively) was higher than both WHO and USEPA standards. This fact can be resulted from the position where the well was dug as well as the CP anode dissolution within the deep CP water wells. Practitioner points: The impact of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system on chemical and physicochemical characteristics of underground water has been evaluated.Anode dissolution of ICCP systems influences the water characteristics nearby the anodes.Despite low dissolution rate of high silicon cast iron anodes, their long‐term utilization might be harmful for adjacent ecosystem.The amount of heavy metals in underground waters was demonstrated to be influenced by the employment of ICCP system.Both anode dissolution and the geological properties of the Earth's crust surrounding the wellbore might be responsible for significant increase of heavy metals concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study advances understanding of environmental inequality by examining its production through the interaction of two ubiquitous and ongoing urban‐ecological processes: industrial land‐use changes and changing patterns of residential segregation. We employ longitudinal data from the Rhode Island Directory of Manufacturers (1953–2012) and tract‐level US Census data measured at four panel‐years (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to study the effects of these interactions in Rhode Island's historical industrial cities of Providence, Pawtucket, and Central Falls. Spatial patterning analysis and hybrid spatial panel modeling of residential exposure to active and legacy industrial sites in relation to ongoing racial and industrial change reveal two novel findings. First, we find a "legacy effect," suggesting that the spatial organization of industrial activities prior to the study period has measurable impacts on patterns of residential segregation in later decades. Our results also indicate that over the study period Latinx and African‐American residents have become increasingly less likely to bear disproportionate impacts of active manufacturing sites, despite very different spatial patterns of population growth. This is strong evidence that environmental inequality formation is a variable process in which historically distinct pathways can lead to similarly disproportionate exposure to environmental risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]