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The article discusses the complexity of the relationship between patent foramen oval (PFO) and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) in cryptogenic stroke patients. It emphasizes the challenges in risk stratification and treatment decisions, especially in distinguishing between ESUS and migraine patients with PFO, highlighting the need for more refined risk stratification tools for tailored treatment.

The article explores current recommendations and challenges in managing dysfunction of tricuspid valve (TV) prostheses. It emphasizes the prevalence of repair over replacement in TV procedures, particularly in bioprosthetic valves, highlighting factors like pannus formation and structural deterioration as significant causes of dysfunction.

A patent foramen ovale, which is present in up to 25% of the population, is a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke (which accounts for 15%-40% of strokes) and transient ischemic attack via paradoxical embolism. This narrative review focuses on the multimodality imaging approach of the diagnosis and periprocedural guidance of patent foramen ovale, with an emphasis on the use of agitated saline as contrast medium in echocardiography, starting from embryologic aspects. Therefore, we aimed to make a concise and complete presentation of the protocol used for this type of evaluation, along with multimodality imaging approach of the patent foramen ovale and practical considerations for transient ischemic attack/stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial addresses subclinical right ventricular (RV) dysfunction diagnosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc), focusing on pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a major complication. It highlights the role of echocardiography in detecting early signs of RV dysfunction and PH, using parameters like tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV).