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MnO2 was added to 0.75Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)O3–0.25Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (0.75PZT–0.25PZN) ceramics in order to make a high-power piezoelectric material. The Mn4+ ion produced a defect dipole consisting of an Mn4+ ion and an oxygen vacancy that transformed the 0.75PZT–0.25PZN ceramics into hard materials. The Qm value significantly increased with the addition of MnO2 and reached a value of 1680 for the 1.5 mol% MnO2-added 0.75PZT–0.25PZN ceramic. Moreover, this specimen exhibited a high kp of 0.53 with a ℇ3T/ℇ0 of 1518. Additionally, the 1.5 mol% MnO2-added 0.75PZT–0.25PZN ceramics sintered at 900°C for 4 h also exhibited high piezoelectric properties of Qm=1115, kp=0.50, and ℇ3T/ℇ0=1537. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) ceramic with 1.5 mol% CuO added (NKNC) was well sintered even at a low temperature of 900°C with the addition of ZnO. Most of the ZnO reacted with the CuO and formed the liquid phase that assisted the densification of the specimens at 900°C. A few Zn2+ ions entered the matrix of the specimens and increased the coercive field ( Ec) and Qm values of the specimens. High-piezoelectric properties of kp=0.37, Qm=755, and ℇ3 T/ℇ0=327 were obtained from the NKNC ceramics containing 1.0 mol% ZnO sintered at 900°C for 2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li2CO3 was added to Mg2V2O7 ceramics in order to reduce the sintering temperature to below 900°C. At temperatures below 900°C, a liquid phase was formed during sintering, which assisted the densification of the specimens. The addition of Li2CO3 changed the crystal structure of Mg2V2O7 ceramics from triclinic to monoclinic. The 6.0 mol% Li2CO3-added Mg2V2O7 ceramic was well sintered at 800°C with a high density and good microwave dielectric properties of ℇr=8.2, Q× f=70 621 GHz, and τf=−35.2 ppm/°C. Silver did not react with the 6.0 mol% Li2CO3-added Mg2V2O7 ceramic at 800°C. Therefore, this ceramic is a good candidate material in low-temperature co-fired ceramic multilayer devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

V2O5 was added to ceramics of nominal composition Zn1.8SiO3.8 (ZS) in order to decrease their sintering temperature for application to low-temperature cofired ceramic devices. For the specimens sintered at 875°C, a dense microstructure was developed when the V2O5 content exceeded 9.0 mol% due to the presence of the liquid phase containing SiO2 and V2O5. The microwave dielectric properties of the ZS ceramics were influenced by the V2O5 content. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q× f=17 500 GHz, ℇr=7.3, and τf=−28 ppm/°C were obtained from the specimen containing 12.0 mol% V2O5 sintered at 875°C for 2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the most suitable type of dye for soya bean fibre, the dyeing properties of three acid dyes and three bifunctional reactive dyes were compared. Additionally, the effect of a range of reactive groups on dyeing performance were studied, including difluorochloropyrimidine, monofluorotriazine, monochlorotriazine and β-sulphatoethyl sulphone, and of these the first was found to perform best. Irrespective of reactive group, however, the main factor affecting build-up was found to be the substantivity of the dye for soya fibre. The monofunctional reactive dyes in general were found to exhibit good wash fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drop-on-demand ink-jet inks made from dyes generally show poor light and wet fastness. A number of studies have been carried out previously to improve the fastness of such inks by introducing novel dyes and new additives. Based on the research results, use of fast dyes could give ink-jet inks with good properties. This study describes new black dyes for aqueous ink-jet inks, which show better light and wet fastness and print quality, compared to an analogous ink formulated from C1 Food Black 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]