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Objective: Chronological age (CAge), biological age (BAge), and accelerated age (AAge) are all important for aging‐related diseases. CAge is a known risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); However, the evidence of association of BAge and AAge with BPH is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CAge, Bage, and AAge with BPH in a large prospective cohort. Method: A total of 135,933 males without BPH at enrolment were extracted from the UK biobank. We calculated three BAge measures (Klemera–Doubal method, KDM; PhenoAge; homeostatic dysregulation, HD) based on 16 biomarkers. Additionally, we calculated KDM‐BAge and PhenoAge‐BAge measures based on the Levine method. The KDM‐AAge and PhenoAge‐AAge were assessed by the difference between CAge and BAge and were standardized (mean = 0 and standard deviation [SD] = 1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the associations of CAge, Bage, and AAge with incident BPH risk. Results: During a median follow‐up of 13.150 years, 11,811 (8.690%) incident BPH were identified. Advanced CAge and BAge measures were associated with an increased risk of BPH, showing threshold effects at a later age (all P for nonlinearity <0.001). Nonlinear relationships between AAge measures and risk of BPH were also found for KDM‐AAge (P = 0.041) and PhenoAge‐AAge (P = 0.020). Compared to the balance comparison group (−1 SD < AAge < 1 SD), the accelerated aging group (AAge > 2 SD) had a significantly elevated BPH risk with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.115 (95% CI, 1.000–1.223) for KDM‐AAge and 1.180 (95% CI, 1.068–1.303) for PhenoAge‐AAge, respectively. For PhenoAge‐AAge, subgroup analysis of the accelerated aging group showed an increased HR of 1.904 (95% CI, 1.374–2.639) in males with CAge <50 years and 1.233 (95% CI, 1.088–1.397) in those having testosterone levels <12 nmol/L. Moreover, AAge‐associated risk of BPH was independent of and additive to genetic risk. Conclusions: Biological aging is an independent and modifiable risk factor for BPH. We suggest performing active health interventions to slow biological aging, which will help mitigate the progression of prostate aging and further reduce the burden of BPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of long‐term calcium channel blocker (CCB) responders with acute vasodilator challenge is critical in the evaluation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Currently there is no standardized approach for use of supplemental oxygen during acute vasodilator challenge. In this retrospective analysis of patients identified as acute vasoresponders, treated with CCBs, all patients had hemodynamic measurements in three steps: (1) at baseline; (2) with 100% fractional inspired oxygen; and (3) with 100% fractional inspired oxygen plus inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Those meeting the definition of acute vasoresponsiveness only after first normalizing for the effects of oxygen in step 2 were labeled "iNO Responders." Those who met the definition of acute vasoresponsiveness from a combination of the effects of 100% FiO2 and iNO were labeled "oxygen responders." Survival, hospitalization for decompensated right heart failure, duration of CCB monotherapy, and functional data were collected. iNO responders, when compared to oxygen responders, had superior survival (100% vs. 50.1% 5‐year survival, respectively), fewer hospitalizations for acute decompensated right heart failure (0% vs. 30.4% at 1 year, respectively), longer duration of CCB monotherapy (80% vs. 52% at 1 year, respectively), and superior 6‐min walk distance. Current guidelines for acute vasodilator testing do not standardize oxygen coadministration with iNO. This study demonstrates that adjusting for the effects of supplemental oxygen before assessing for acute vasoresponsiveness identifies a cohort with superior functional status, tolerance of CCB monotherapy, and survival while on long‐term CCB therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spillover effect theory posits that work stressors can have spillover effects into workers' home lives. Although job insecurity spillover into the home domain has been explored extensively, potential spillback effects into the work domain have not. We posit that daily job insecurity represents a negative subjective perception that can spillover into the home domain and lead to insomnia, which will damage the recovery of self‐regulatory resources and make employees unable to regulate their own behavior, ultimately resulting in next‐day counterproductive work behavior. We hypothesized that self‐compassion, as an individual trait, weakens the spillover effect of job insecurity and moderates the indirect effect of job insecurity on next‐day counterproductive work behavior via insomnia. Our analyses of data collected from 132 full‐time employees across 10 consecutive working days showed that insomnia mediates the relationship between daily job insecurity and next‐day counterproductive work behavior, and further showed that this relationship was moderated by self‐compassion. Overall, our research captures the cascading effects of daily job insecurity and contributes to a more complete understanding of the spillover effect of job insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) with a high luminescent dissymmetry factor (glum) is crucial for diverse optoelectronic applications. In particular, dynamically controlling the dissymmetry factor of CP‐OURTP can profoundly advance these applications, but it is still unprecedented. This study introduces an effective strategy to achieve photoirradiation‐driven chirality regulation in a bilayered structure film, which consists of a layer of soft helical superstructure incorporated with a light‐driven molecular motor and a layer of room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) polymer. The prepared bilayered film exhibits CP‐OURTP with an emission lifetime of 805 ms and a glum value up to 1.38. Remarkably, the glum value of the resulting CP‐OURTP film can be reversibly controlled between 0.6 and 1.38 over 20 cycles by light irradiation, representing the first example of dynamically controlling the glum in CP‐OURTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LC NPs) are a kind of polymer NPs with LC mesogens, which can form special anisotropic morphologies due to the influence of LC ordering. Owing to the stimuli‐responsiveness of the LC blocks, LC NPs show abundant morphology evolution behaviors in response to external regulation. LC NPs have great application potential in nano‐devices, drug delivery, special fibers and other fields. Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) method can synthesize LC NPs at high solid content, reducing the harsh demand for reaction solvent of the LC polymers, being a better choice for large‐scale production. In this review, we introduced recent research progress of PISA‐LC NPs by dividing them into several parts according to the LC mesogen, and discussed the improvement of experimental conditions and the potential application of these polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol metabolism is crucial for cell survival and cancer progression. The prognostic patterns of genes linked to cholesterol metabolism (CMAGs) in CESC, however, have received very little attention in research. From public databases, TCGA‐CESC cohorts with mRNA expression patterns and the accompanying clinical information of patients were gathered. Consensus clustering was used to find the molecular subtype connected to cholesterol metabolism. In the TCGA‐CESC cohort, a predictive risk model with 28 CMAGs was created using Lasso‐Cox regression. The function enrichment analysis between groups with high‐and low‐risk were investigated by employing GO, KEGG, and GSVA software. The immune cell infiltration was analyzed using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and MCPCOUNTER methods. Finally, we select 7 genes in risk model for further multivariate Cox analysis, and ultimately a hub gene, CHIT1, was identified. Meanwhile, the function of CHIT1 was preliminarily verified in cell and mice tumor model. In conclusion, the abundance of the CHIT1 gene might be beneficial for forecasting the prognosis of CESC, demonstrating that cholesterol metabolism could be a promising treatment target for CESC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels, measurable residual disease monitoring using KIT mutant (KITmut) DNA level is reportedly predictive of relapse in t (8; 21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the usefulness of KITmut transcript levels remains unknown. A total of 202 bone marrow samples collected at diagnosis and during treatment from 52 t (8; 21) AML patients with KITmut (D816V/H/Y or N822K) were tested for KITmut transcript levels using digital polymerase chain reaction. The individual optimal cutoff values of KITmut were identified by performing receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for relapse at each of the following time points: at diagnosis, after achieving complete remission (CR), and after Course 1 and 2 consolidations. The cutoff values were used to divide the patients into the KITmut‐high (KIT_H) group and the KITmut‐low (KIT_L) group. The KIT_H patients showed significantly lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than the KIT_L patients after Course 1 consolidation (p = 0.0040 and 0.021, respectively) and Course 2 consolidation (p = 0.018 and 0.011, respectively) but not at diagnosis and CR. The <3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels after Course 2 consolidation was an independent adverse prognostic factor for RFS and OS. After Course 2 consolidation, the KIT_H patients with >3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels (11/45; 24.4%) had similar RFS as that of patients with <3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels. The combination of KITmut and RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels after Course 2 consolidation may improve risk stratification in t (8; 21) AML patient with KIT mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the differences in target volumes between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRIpre) and postoperative MRI (MRIpost) for breast radiotherapy after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) using deformable image registration (DIR). Methods and Materials: Seventeen eligible patients who underwent whole‐breast irradiation in the prone position after BCS were enrolled. On MRIpre, the gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated as GTVpre, which was then expanded by 10 mm to represent the preoperative lumpectomy cavity (LC), denoted as LCpre. The LC was expanded to the clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) on the MRIpre and MRIpost, denoted as CTVpre, CTVpost, PTVpre, and PTVpost, respectively. The MIM software system was used to register the MRIpre and MRIpost using DIR. Differences were evaluated regarding target volume, distance between the centers of mass (dCOM), conformity index (CI), and degree of inclusion (DI). The relationship between CILC/CIPTV and the clinical factors was also assessed. Results: Significant differences were observed in LC and PTV volumes between MRIpre and MRIpost (p < 0.0001). LCpre was 0.85 cm3 larger than LCpost, while PTVpre was 29.38 cm3 smaller than PTVpost. The dCOM between LCpre and LCpost was 1.371 cm, while that between PTVpre and PTVpost reduced to 1.348 cm. There were statistically significant increases in CI and DI for LCpost–LCpre and PTVpost–PTVpre (CI = 0.221, 0.470; DI = 0.472, 0.635). No obvious linear correlations (p > 0.05) were found between CI and GTV, primary tumor volume‐to‐breast volume ratio, distance from the primary tumor to the nipple and chest wall, and body mass index. Conclusions: Despite using DIR technology, the spatial correspondence of target volumes between MRIpre and MRIpost was suboptimal. Therefore, relying solely on preoperative diagnostic MRI with DIR for postoperative LC delineation is not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this meta‐analysis was to provide the comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation that existed between immune senescence and its effects on the advancement of lung cancer as well as recovery of cutaneous wounds. By conducting this systematic review of six rigorous studies utilizing databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, this research examined the multitude of facets pertaining to immune aging and consequences it bear on the health outcomes. The incorporated studies encompassed wide range of geographical and methodological viewpoints, with the specific emphasis on non‐small‐cell lung cancer and diverse scenarios related to wound recovery. This analysis synthesized discoveries regarding therapeutic responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms and impact of lifestyle factors on immune senescence. The findings suggested that immune senescence has substantial impact on the effectiveness of treatments for lung cancer and cutaneous wounds healing process; therefore, targeted therapies and holistic approaches may be able to mitigate these effects. By following the revised PRISMA guidelines, this meta‐analysis guarantee thorough and ethically sound methodology for amalgamating pre‐existing literature. The study concluded by emphasizing the critical nature of comprehending immune senescence in the context of clinical practice and proposed avenues for further investigation to enhance health results among the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although levetiracetam (LEV) has favorable linear pharmacokinetic properties, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary for pregnant women with epilepsy. This study aims to build a simple, reliable, and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for determining LEV concentrations in plasma and saliva samples, to support the routine TDM of LEV in Chinese pregnant women with epilepsy. The stable isotope‐labeled LEV‐d6 was used as the internal standard. The extracted samples were analyzed using a UPLC–MS/MS system with positive electrospray ionization. Mobile phase A was water containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid, and phase B was 1:1 methanol–acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. The method was validated and utilized to determine LEV concentrations in non‐pregnant and pregnant patients with epilepsy. The developed method was validated in both plasma and saliva samples over a concentration range of 0.1–50 μg/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐batch accuracy for LEV ranged from −7.0% to 2.9%, with precisions between 2.7% and 9.3%. In pregnant patients, the mean dose‐standardized LEV trough plasma concentrations were significantly lower than those in non‐pregnant patients (4.73 ± 2.99 vs. 7.74 ± 3.59 ng/mL per mg/day; P < 0.0001). It is recommended that the TDM of LEV should be routinely performed during the different stages of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synopsis: We present a case of spontaneous umbilical artery thrombosis diagnosed antenatally with ultrasonography in the third trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignant tumors with limited treatment options. No established second‐line treatment regimen is available following the preferred first‐line chemotherapy, resulting in unsatisfactory efficacy and poor prognosis for patients with advanced TETs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of small molecule multitarget antiangiogenic inhibitors as well as the prognostic factors for advanced TETs. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from a real‐world database. Clinical information and survival follow‐up data were collected from 52 patients with advanced TETs who received small molecule multitarget antiangiogenic inhibitors at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between August 10, 2016 and August 10, 2022. The short‐term efficacy of the treatments, survival time of the patients, and relevant prognostic factors of advanced TETs were analyzed. Results: Out of the 52 patients included in this study, 16 had thymoma and 36 had thymic carcinoma. The 52 patients had an overall response rate of 21.1% and a disease control rate of 94.2%. In addition, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 8.05 months, and the overall survival (OS) was 25.00 months. Apatinib was given to 33 patients, anlotinib to 15 patients, and sunitinib or lenvatinib to four patients. Only seven patients received antiangiogenic inhibitors as their first‐line therapy, 27 patients as their second‐line therapy, and 18 patients as third‐line or subsequent therapy. Meanwhile, 42 patients received monotherapy with an antiangiogenesis inhibitor, while 10 patients received combination therapy. Univariate analysis indicated that the combined treatment was associated with a superior OS (p = 0.044); multivariate analysis indicated that the combined treatment was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (p = 0.014) and OS (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The findings suggest that small molecule multitarget antiangiogenic inhibitors are efficacious as second or post‐line treatments as a viable alternative treatment option for patients with advanced TETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the materials from different positions of 2219 aluminum‐alloy/304 stainless‐steel inertia friction–welded tank with long‐term storage of N2O4 are studied. The results show that the corrosion product layer composed of Fe3O4 and FeCr2O4 is covered on the surface of stainless steel. The corrosion product layer on the surface of stainless steel can effectively improve the protection effect. Severe corrosion occurred in both the sidewall and bottom aluminum alloy, with intergranular corrosion depths of about 30–50 μm observed in the cross section, accompanied by typical exfoliation corrosion. A Fe–Al‐dominated intermetallic compound layer is formed at the weld. A dynamic recrystallization zone and thermomechanical‐affected zone are included on the aluminum‐alloy side with intergranular corrosion depths of 4.3 and 13.3 μm, respectively. The granular Al matrix can be seen on the peeling surface of the aluminum alloy. Combining scanning Kelvin probe and potentiodynamic polarization curve results, the high potential of the stainless steel can further promote the corrosion of the aluminum alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF384) rearrangement defined a novel subtype of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). The prognostic significance of ZNF384 fusion transcript levels represented measurable residual disease remains to be explored. ZNF384 fusions were screened out in 57 adult B‐ALL patients at diagnosis by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and their transcript levels were serially monitored during treatment. The reduction of ZNF384 fusion transcript levels at the time of achieving complete remission had no significant impact on survival, whereas its ≥2.5‐log reduction were significantly associated with higher relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates after course 1 consolidation (p = 0.022 and = 0.0083) and course 2 consolidation (p = 0.0025 and = 0.0008). Compared with chemotherapy alone, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) significantly improved RFS and OS of patients with <2.5‐log reduction after course 1 consolidation (p < 0.0001 and = 0.0002) and course 2 consolidation (p = 0.0003 and = 0.019), whereas exerted no significant effects in patients with ≥2.5‐log reduction (all p > 0.05). ZNF384 fusion transcript levels after course 1 and course 2 consolidation strongly predict relapse and survival and may guide whether receiving allo‐HSCT in adult B‐ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of beraprost sodium (BPS) in the intervention of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) through glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) and to provide new ideas for intervention in myocardial fibrosis. Materials and Methods: MI model rats given BPS and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) treated with BPS and TGF‐β. HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the pathological changes of myocardial tissue. Fibrotic markers were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of GSK‐3β, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and p‐CREB were analyzed by qPCR and western blot analysis. EDU staining was used to detect the proliferation of CFs. The promoter activity of GSK‐3β was detected by luciferase assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to detect the binding levels of GSK‐3β promoter and Y‐box binding protein 1 (YBX1). The levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: After operation, BPS improved myocardial fibrosis and upregulated GSK‐3β protein expression in male SD rats. BPS can down‐regulate α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) level and up‐regulate GSK‐3β protein expression in CFs after TGF‐β stimulation. Furthermore, GSK‐3β knockdown can reverse the effect of BPS on TGF‐β‐activated CFs, enhance α‐SMA expression, and promote the proliferation of CFs. BPS could regulate GSK‐3β expression by promoting the binding of GSK‐3β promoter to YBX1. BPS induced upregulation of p‐CREB and cAMP, resulting in reduced fibrosis, which was reversed by the knockdown of GSK‐3β or prostaglandin receptor (IPR) antagonists. Conclusion: BPS treatment increased the binding of YBX1 to the GSK‐3β promoter, and GSK‐3β protein expression was upregulated, which further caused the upregulation of p‐CREB and cAMP, and finally inhibited myocardial fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the causal interaction between significant sensorimotor network (SMN) regions and other brain regions in Parkinson's disease patients with drooling (droolers). Methods: Twenty‐one droolers, 22 PD patients without drooling (non‐droolers), and 22 matched healthy controls underwent 3T‐MRI resting‐state scans. We performed independent component analysis and Granger causality analysis to determine whether significant SMN regions help predict other brain areas. Pearson's correlation was computed between imaging characteristics and clinical characteristics. ROC curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic performance of effective connectivity (EC). Results: Compared with non‐droolers and healthy controls, droolers showed abnormal EC of the right caudate nucleus (CAU.R) and right postcentral gyrus to extensive brain regions. In droolers, increased EC from the CAU.R to the right middle temporal gyrus was positively correlated with MDS‐UPDRS, MDS‐UPDRS II, NMSS, and HAMD scores; increased EC from the right inferior parietal lobe to CAU.R was positively correlated with MDS‐UPDRS score. ROC curve analysis showed that these abnormal ECs are of great significance in diagnosing drooling in PD. Conclusion: This study identified that PD patients with drooling have abnormal EC in the cortico‐limbic‐striatal‐cerebellar and cortio‐cortical networks, which could be potential biomarkers for drooling in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Predictive biomarkers for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) immunotherapy are lacking, and immunotherapy resistance remains to be addressed. The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in ESCC immune escape and immunotherapy resistance remains to be elucidated. Methods: The tumour‐associated macrophage‐upregulated lncRNAs and the exosomal lncRNAs highly expressed in ESCC immunotherapy nonresponders were identified by lncRNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction assays. CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to explore the functional roles of the lncRNA. RNA pull‐down, MS2‐tagged RNA affinity purification (MS2‐TRAP) and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to identify lncRNA‐associated proteins and related mechanisms. In vivo, the humanized PBMC (hu‐PBMC) mouse model was established to assess the therapeutic responses of specific lncRNA inhibitors and their combination with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Single‐cell sequencing, flow cytometry, and multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry were used to analyze immune cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment. Results: We identified a lncRNA that is involved in tumour immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance. High LINC02096 (RIME) expression in plasma exosomes correlates with a reduced response to PD‐1 mAb treatment and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, RIME binds to mixed lineage leukaemia protein‐1 (MLL1) and prevents ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 2 (ASB2)‐mediated MLL1 ubiquitination, improving the stability of MLL1. RIME‐MLL1 increases H3K4me3 levels in the promoter regions of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1), constitutively increasing the expression of PD‐L1/IDO‐1 in tumour cells and inhibiting CD8+ T cells infiltration and activation. RIME depletion in huPBMC‐NOG mice significantly represses tumour development and improves the effectiveness of PD‐1 mAb treatment by activating T‐cell‐mediated antitumour immunity. Conclusions: This study reveals that the RIME‐MLL1‐H3K4me3 axis plays a critical role in tumour immunosuppression. Moreover, RIME appears to be a potential prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy and developing drugs that target RIME may be a new therapeutic strategy that overcomes immunotherapy resistance and benefits patients with ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of controlled‐hydrogen‐reduction VOx (CHR‐VOx) were prepared after our controllable hydrogen treatment, and CHR‐VOx were controlled to be reduced to the states dominated by V5+ and V4+ species, subsequently the catalytic roles of V‐species and O‐species for cyclohexane (CHA) oxidation were explored. As expected, the surface properties of CHR‐VOx have occurred remarkable change resulting in a significantly improvement on catalytic performance determined by V‐species and O‐species. The reduction behavior of the properties was recognized by XPS and Raman. Generally, the moderate‐reduced CHR‐VOx which possessed most 78.7 % multi‐liganded‐oxygen (LO) performed the best conversion for CHA (11.8 %), and the over‐reduced CHR‐VOx with a large content of V4+ species (33 %) performed a best selectivity for adipic acid (44.3 %). In this case, LO sites were regarded as the active site to accelerate the activation of CHA, while V4+ species were regarded as the oxygen vacancies (OVs) through V4+−OV to contribute to the further oxidation to adipic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have great potential for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. However, extensive apoptosis often occurs when hESCs respond to various stresses or injuries. Understanding the molecular control and identifying new factors associated with hESC survival are fundamental to ensure the high quality of hESCs. In this study, we report that PRPF8, an RNA spliceosome component, is essential for hESC survival. PRPF8 knockdown (KD) induces p53 protein accumulation and activates the p53 pathway, leading to apoptosis in hESCs. Strikingly, silencing of p53 rescues PRPF8 KD‐induced apoptosis, indicating that PRPF8 KD triggers hESC apoptosis through activating the p53 pathway. In search for the mechanism by which p53 pathway is activated by PRPF8 KD, we find that PRPF8 KD alters alternative splicing of many genes, including PIRH2 which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase of p53. PIRH2 has several isoforms such as PIRH2A, PIRH2B, and PIRH2C. Intriguingly, PRPF8 KD specifically increases the transcript level of the PIRH2B isoform, which lacks a RING domain and E3 ligase activity. Functionally, PIRH2B KD partially rescues the reduction in cell numbers and upregulation of P21 caused by PRPF8 KD in hESCs. The finding suggests that PRPF8 controls alternative splicing of PIRH2 to maintain the balance of p53 pathway activity and survival of hESCs. The PRPF8/PIRH2/p53 axis identified here provides new insights into how p53 pathway and hESC survival are precisely regulated at multiple layers, highlighting an important role of posttranscriptional machinery in supporting hESC survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Wheat fixes CO2 by photosynthesis into kernels to nourish humankind. Improving the photosynthesis rate is a major driving force in assimilating atmospheric CO2 and guaranteeing food supply for human beings. Strategies for achieving the above goal need to be improved. Here, we report the cloning and mechanism of CO2ASSIMILATION RATE AND KERNEL‐ENHANCED 1 (CAKE1) from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). The cake1 mutant displayed a lower photosynthesis rate with smaller grains. Genetic studies identified CAKE1 as HSP90.2‐B, encoding cytosolic molecular chaperone folding nascent preproteins. The disturbance of HSP90.2 decreased leaf photosynthesis rate, kernel weight (KW) and yield. Nevertheless, HSP90.2 over‐expression increased KW. HSP90.2 recruited and was essential for the chloroplast localization of nuclear‐encoded photosynthesis units, for example PsbO. Actin microfilaments docked on the chloroplast surface interacted with HSP90.2 as a subcellular track towards chloroplasts. A natural variation in the hexaploid wheat HSP90.2‐B promoter increased its transcription activity, enhanced photosynthesis rate and improved KW and yield. Our study illustrated an HSP90.2–Actin complex sorting client preproteins towards chloroplasts to promote CO2 assimilation and crop production. The beneficial haplotype of Hsp90.2 is rare in modern varieties and could be an excellent molecular switch promoting photosynthesis rate to increase yield in future elite wheat varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a critical food crop feeding the world, but pathogens threaten its production. Wheat Heat Shock Protein 90.2 (HSP90.2) is a pathogen‐inducible molecular chaperone folding nascent preproteins. Here, we used wheat HSP90.2 to isolate clients regulated at the posttranslational level. Tetraploid wheat hsp90.2 knockout mutant was susceptible to powdery mildew, while the HSP90.2 overexpression line was resistant, suggesting that HSP90.2 was essential for wheat resistance against powdery mildew. We next isolated 1500 clients of HSP90.2, which contained a wide variety of clients with different biological classifications. We utilized 2Q2, a nucleotide‐binding leucine repeat‐rich protein, as a model to investigate the potential of HSP90.2 interactome in fungal resistance. The transgenic line co‐suppressing 2Q2 was more susceptible to powdery mildew, suggesting 2Q2 as a novel Pm‐resistant gene. The 2Q2 protein resided in chloroplasts, and HSP90.2 played a critical role in the accumulation of 2Q2 in thylakoids. Our data provided over 1500 HSP90.2 clients with a potential regulation at the protein folding process and contributed a nontypical approach to isolate pathogenesis‐related proteins. Summary Statement: This work revealed over 1500 clients of wheat Heat Shock Protein 90.2, a highly conserved pathogen molecular chaperone folding a wide range of signal transducers. 2Q2, a chloroplast‐localized nucleotide‐binding leucine repeat‐rich (NB‐LRR) protein, was discovered as a novel powdery mildew‐resistant protein, showing the potential of HSP90.2 chaperome in future plant fungal resistance study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of robust and durable ultra‐lubricated surfaces having an efficient corrosion resistance ability is concerned with practical applications. Here a new optimized strategy to significantly improve the performance of ultra‐lubricated surfaces by injecting slippery nanofluids into the hierarchical surfaces (SNHSs) is proposed. Herein, cobalt–nickel hierarchical surfaces reinforced by micro SiO2 particles are achieved on carbon steel substrate by electrochemical deposition and the functionalized nanofluids are injected into the hierarchical structure. Compared with nanostructured ultra‐lubricated surfaces, SNHSs exhibit better lubricity and corrosion resistance when subjected to water flow shear for more than 20 h. The tribo‐electrochemical tests are introduced to demonstrate that the SNHS has a lower coefficient of friction (0.39), more shallow wear marks (5 μm), and more complete surface morphology by directly comparing the wear resistance and self‐healing ability. The hierarchical substrate has more advantages than the nanostructured substrate in the practical application of ultra‐lubricated surface. Furthermore, the SNHS with robust mechanical durability can be a promising alternative technique for corrosion protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sequence of physiological events during drought strongly impacts plants' overall performance. Here, we synthesized the global data of stomatal and hydraulic traits in leaves and stems of 202 woody species to evaluate variations in the water potentials for key physiological events and their sequence along the climatic gradient. We found that the seasonal minimum water potential, turgor loss point, stomatal closure point, and leaf and stem xylem vulnerability to embolism were intercorrelated and decreased with aridity, indicating that water stress drives trait co‐selection. In xeric regions, the seasonal minimum water potential occurred at lower water potential than turgor loss point, and the subsequent stomatal closure delayed embolism formation. In mesic regions, however, the seasonal minimum water potential did not pose a threat to the physiological functions, and stomatal closure occurred even at slightly more negative water potential than embolism. Our study demonstrates that the sequence of water potentials for physiological dysfunctions of woody plants varies with aridity, that is, xeric species adopt a more conservative sequence to prevent severe tissue damage through tighter stomatal regulation (isohydric strategy) and higher embolism resistance, while mesic species adopt a riskier sequence via looser stomatal regulation (anisohydric strategy) to maximize carbon uptake at the cost of hydraulic safety. Integrating both aridity‐dependent sequence of water potentials for physiological dysfunctions and gap between these key traits into the hydraulic framework of process‐based vegetation models would improve the prediction of woody plants' responses to drought under global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRISPR/Cas9‐driven cancer modeling studies are based on the disruption of tumor suppressor genes by small insertions or deletions (indels) that lead to frame‐shift mutations. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used to define the significance of cancer oncogenes and genetic dependencies in loss‐of‐function studies. However, how CRISPR/Cas9 influences gain‐of‐function oncogenic mutations is elusive. Here, we demonstrate that single guide RNA targeting exon 3 of Ctnnb1 (encoding β‐catenin) results in exon skipping and generates gain‐of‐function isoforms in vivo. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated exon skipping of Ctnnb1 induces liver tumor formation in synergy with YAPS127A in mice. We define two distinct exon skipping‐induced tumor subtypes with different histological and transcriptional features. Notably, ectopic expression of two exon‐skipped β‐catenin transcript isoforms together with YAPS127A phenocopies the two distinct subtypes of liver cancer. Moreover, we identify similar CTNNB1 exon‐skipping events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, our findings advance our understanding of β‐catenin‐related tumorigenesis and reveal that CRISPR/Cas9 can be repurposed, in vivo, to study gain‐of‐function mutations of oncogenes in cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper establishes anetwork resilience evaluation framework of the global oil and gas resourcetrade network in 2010, 2015 and 2020. The results are as follows: The links of the oil trade network present a gradually shrinking trend, and the gas tradenetwork presents a trend of close connection first and then reduced. In termsof network density, network centrality, network connectivity and network size, the structural resilience of the oil and gas resource trade network displays ashrinking trend, and the gas trade network is superior. Concerninginvulnerability and recovery, the resilience of the oil trade network issuperior to the natural gas trade network. In simulated attacks, the oil tradenetwork reveals a higher resilience towards intentional attacks, and the gastrade network shows a higher resilience towards random attacks. The Strait ofHormuz and the Strait of Malacca are critical chokepoints in the networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable exertions are directed to reveal and understand topographic cues that induce cell mechanical sensitive responses including lineage determination. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the sophisticated ensemble of diverse factors offering the complicated cellular microenvironment to regulate cell behaviors. However, the functions of only a few of these factors are revealed; most of them are still poorly understood. Herein, the focus is on understanding the curved structure in ECM network for regulating stem cell mechanotransduction. A curved nanofiber network mimicking the curved structure in ECM is fabricated by an improved electrospinning technology. Compared with the straight fibers, the curved fibers promote cell bridge formation because of the cytoskeleton tension. The actomyosin filaments are condensed near the curved edge of the non‐adhesive bridge in the bridging cells, which generates higher myosin‐II‐based intracellular force. This force drives cell lineage commitment toward osteogenic differentiation. This study enriches and perfects the knowledge of the effects of topographic cues on cell behaviors and guides the development of novel biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conferences allow clinicians to review adverse events and identify areas for improvement. There are few reports of structured M&M conferences in low- and middle-income countries and no report of collaborative efforts to standardize them. Methods: The present study aims to gather general surgeons representing most of Peru's urban surgical care and, in collaboration, with trauma quality improvement experts develop a M&M conferences toolkit with the expectation that its diffusion impacts their reported clinical practice. Fourteen general surgeons developed a toolkit as part of a working group under the auspices of the Peruvian General Surgery Society. After three years, we conducted an anonymous written questionnaire to follow-up previous observations of quality improvement practices. Results: A four-component toolkit was developed: Toolkit component #1: Conference logistics and case selection; Toolkit component #2: Documenting form; Toolkit component #3: Presentation template; and Toolkit component #4: Code of conduct. The toolkit was disseminated to 10 hospitals in 2016. Its effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the results of surveys on quality improvement practices conducted in 2016, before toolkit dissemination (101 respondents) and 2019 (105 respondents). Lower attendance was reported by surgeons in 2019. However, in 2019, participants more frequently described "improve the system" as the perceived objective of M&M conferences (70.5% vs. 38.6% in 2016; p < 0.001). Conclusion: We established a toolkit for the national dissemination of a standardized M&M conference. Three years following the initial assessment in Peru, we found similar practice patterns except for increased reporting of "system improvement" as the goal of M&M conferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is an essential energy and protein source for humans. Climate change brings daunting challenges to wheat yield through environmental stresses, in which phytohormones play critical roles. Nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of wheat phytohormone responses remains elusive. Here, we investigated the transcriptome response of wheat seedlings to five phytohormones, cytokinin (6‐BA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). We further selected two JA marker genes and cloned their promoters to drive the expression of 3XEGFP (tandem trimeric enhanced green fluorescent protein) in transgenic lines. The JA fluorescent reporter displayed a fast and stable response to JA treatment as an ideal tool to follow JA dynamics during fungal and cold stresses at a cellular resolution. Overall, this study provided a transcriptional landscape and facilitated generating fluorescent reporters to monitor the dynamics of phytohormones in food crops. Summary statement: This work described the transcriptome response of wheat seedlings to five phytohormones, 6‐BA, ABA, GA, JA, and SA. Originated from the above data, a JA fluorescent reporter actualized a fast and stable strategy tracking the cellular JA dynamics in environmental stresses, e.g., fungal pathogens or cold stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare‐earth metal gadolinium (Gd) is characterized by strong spin‐orbit coupling and a paramagnetic‐to‐ferromagnetic phase transition that enables modulation of a charge–spin conversion via temperature. Charge–spin conversion is experimentally observed and the conversion efficiency is ≈0.26, which is slightly larger than that for Pt and Ta and smaller than that for W. The temperature dependence of charge–spin conversion initially decreases, followed by increasing, because of the paramagnetic‐to‐ferromagnetic phase transition. The charge–spin conversion efficiencies arising from the bulk‐spin Hall effect and the interfacial Rashba–Edelstein effect, respectively, via MgO/Gd/Py and MgO/Py/GdOx systems, are distinguished. The latter has a more significant enhancement because of ambient oxidation that generates the Gd/GdOx interface. The possibility of modulating the conversion efficiency via temperature and oxidation enables applications in spintronic and oxide electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacing aptamers with carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) provides a versatile platform to probe the chemical activity in a living brain at the molecular level. However, new approaches are needed for the efficient and stable modification of electrode surfaces with aptamers. Here, we present an electrochemical conjugation strategy to covalently couple aptamers onto CFEs with high chemoselectivity, efficiency, and stability for sensing in the brain. The strategy employs an initial electrochemical coupling of catechol on an CFE, thereby generating a thin layer of quinone intermediates that couple rapidly with thiol‐containing oligonucleotides under a controlled potential. This approach dramatically simplifies and improves the efficiency for modifying carbon surfaces, thereby allowing direct conjugation of high levels of aptamers on CFEs within 5 minutes. Importantly, the covalent linkage between the aptamers and carbon surfaces enables a greatly improved sensitivity and stability for the sensing of dopamine, offering a robust system for continuously probing dopamine dynamics in the living brains of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate fire warning is very important for people's life and property safety. The most commonly used fire alarm is based on the detection of a single factor of gases, smoke particles, or temperature, which easily causes false alarm due to complex environmental conditions. A facile multi‐factor route for fabricating an accurate analog fire alarm using a Pb5S2I6 nanowire mesh based on its photoelectric and gas‐sensing dual function is presented. The Pb5S2I6 nanowire mesh presents excellent photoelectric detection capabilities and is sensitive to ppm‐level NO2 at room temperature. Under the "two‐step verification" circuit of light and gas factors, the bimodal simulation fire alarm based on this Pb5S2I6 nanowire mesh can resist the interference of complex environmental factors and effectively reduce the false alarm rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rosuvastatin calcium tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasted and fed conditions. The study was carried out using a randomized, open‐label, two‐formulation, two‐sequence, two‐period, single‐dose crossover design, with a washout period of 7 days. Both the fasted study and fed study enrolled 28 subjects. In each study period, the subjects were administrated a single oral dose of the test product or reference product of rosuvastatin 10 mg. Blood samples were collected from pre‐dose to 72 hours after administration with 16 time points in total. Bioequivalence evaluation was performed using ln‐transformed pharmacokinetic parameters of rosuvastatin, including Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞. In the present study, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of test/reference geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ under the fasted and fed conditions were all within the acceptance range of 80%–125%. Additionally, only one subject experienced one adverse event (AE). High‐fat meals reduced the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞, but had no significant effects on the λz, t1/2, or Tmax of rosuvastatin. In the current study, the test product was bioequivalent to the reference product, and a single dose of rosuvastatin (10 mg) was well‐tolerated. Food decreased the systemic exposure of rosuvastatin without the effects on the Tmax or elimination rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicerae japonicae Flos, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the function of evacuating heat and detoxifying. To promote the optimization of Lonicerae japonicae Flos germplasms and improve the quality of medicinal materials, 55 batches of five Lonicerae japonicae Flos germplasms with the same origin were collected during different periods, a UHPLC‐TOF‐MS method was established, and 22 kinds of phenolic acids were found and qualitatively analysed. Seventeen phenolic acids were selected for quantitative analysis by UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS, and the quantitative results were analysed by principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The contents of phenolic acids in periods S1–S6 were found to be significantly different. There were also significant differences in the accumulation of phenolic acids in Lonicerae japonicae Flos during different growth periods. Ferulic acid, 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, and caffeic acid were determined to be important components to distinguish the different growth periods of Lonicerae japonicae Flos. There were significant differences in the phenolic acid content of different germplasms of Lonicerae japonicae Flos, and the total amount of 17 phenolic acids and total acids (chlorogenic acid, 3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid) in "Hua Jin No. 6" was highest, so the quality of "Hua Jin No. 6" was better than that of the four other germplasms. In addition, chlorogenic acid methyl ester and caffeic acid were the smallest markers in combination to distinguish the five germplasms of Lonicerae japonicae Flos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of α‐naphthols with isatin derivatives was catalyzed by Takemoto‐type urea catalyst to give optical active 3‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles in 75%–92% yields with up to 95% enantiomeric excess (ee) value. The catalyst type and the substrate scope were broadened in this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been the primary anticoagulant of choice on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, it is debatable whether bivalirudin (BIV), a direct thrombin inhibitor, may be considered a better alternative anticoagulant option. Methods: We searched Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Clinicaltrials.gov, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to 15 June 2021. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were considered eligible for inclusion. Random‐effects meta‐analyses, including subgroup analyses, were conducted. Results: A total of 9 studies containing 994 patients were enrolled. All articles were retrospective cohort studies. Compared with UFH, BIV was associated with lower risks of major bleeding (risk ratio [RR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22–0.49), ECMO in‐circuit thrombosis (RR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.43–0.74), stroke (RR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.29–0.95) and in‐hospital mortality (RR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.99), and higher rates of survival to ECMO decannulation (RR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.34). Pooled risk estimates did not show a significant association with clinical thrombotic events (RR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.45–1.07). Moreover, BIV was associated with a lower risk of ECMO in‐circuit thrombosis and in‐hospital mortality in the adult subgroup but not in the paediatric subgroup. However, leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses indicated that the results of stroke, survival to ECMO decannulation and in‐hospital mortality should be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: BIV appears to be a potential alternative to UFH in paediatric and adult patients requiring ECMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study prepared layered intumescent flame retardant (IFR)‐graphene oxide (GO) via the esterification of GO and IFR. Then the distribution of IFR‐GO in polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) was regulated via an injection molding process, while the tensile strength and combustion were explored. The results showed that the flame retardant distribution in PBT presented high external concentrations and low internal concentrations when the injection time was reduced. The lowest flame retardant content of 20 wt% was evident at an injection time of 2 s while displaying a high limiting oxygen index of 27.1. Although this resulted in a V‐0 flame‐retardant level, the mechanical properties were not affected. Therefore, the flame retardant was proportionately reduced by a shorter injection time to form a concentration gradient core‐shell‐like macrostructure, significantly increasing the flame‐resistant efficiency while retaining the mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of electrocardiograms (ECGs) and serological examinations in the differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in order to reduce the rate of clinical misdiagnosis.Methods: The clinical data of 37 patients with APE and 103 patients with NSTEMI admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in the clinical manifestations, ECGs, myocardial zymograms, D-dimers, and troponin (cTn) of the two groups were compared.Results: In the patients with APE, the main symptom-found in 25 cases (67.56%)-was dyspnea, while in the patients with NSTEMI, the main symptom-found in 52 cases (50.49%)-was chest tightness. The incidences of sinus tachycardia and SI QIII TIII in the group of patients with APE were higher than in the group of patients with NSTEMI, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05). There was no statistical significance in the difference of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the two groups (p > .05), although there was a statistically significant difference of creatine kinase (CK) and the creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) in the two groups (p < .05). The levels of D-dimers and cTn were increased in both groups, but the level of D-dimers in the group of patients with APE was higher than that in the group of patients with NSTEMI.Conclusion: With the occurrence of clinical manifestations like dyspnea, chest tightness, chest pain, and palpitation of unknown causes, the possibility of APE and NSTEMI should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listeria monocytogenes, a food‐borne Gram‐positive pathogen, often causes diseases such as gastroenteritis, bacterial sepsis, and meningitis. Newly discovered extracellular electron transfer (EET) from L. monocytogenes plays critical roles in the generation of redox molecules as electron carriers in bacteria. A Mg2+‐dependent protein flavin mononucleotide (FMN) transferase (FmnB; UniProt: LMRG_02181) in EET is responsible for the transfer of electrons from intracellular to extracellular by hydrolyzing cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and transferring FMN. FmnB homologs have been investigated in Gram‐negative bacteria but have been less well studied in Gram‐positive bacteria. In particular, the catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of FmnB homologs remain elusive. Here, we report a series of crystal structures of apo‐FmnB and FmnB complexed with substrate FAD, three inhibitors AMP, ADP, and ATP, revealing the unusual catalytic triad center (Asp301‐Ser257‐His273) of FmnB. The three inhibitors indeed inhibited the activity of FmnB in varying degrees by occupying the binding site of the FAD substrate. The key residue Arg262 of FmnB was profoundly affected by ADP but not AMP or ATP. Overall, our studies not only provide insights into the promiscuous ligand recognition behavior of FmnB but also shed light on its catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epitaxial crystallization and solid hot‐drawing technology were employed to fabricate oriented homo‐epitaxial crystallization of polylactic acid (PLA) with nano‐topography to enhance its blood compatibility and mechanical characteristics as blood‐contacting medical devices. The process involved solid hot stretching the PLA plates. A PLA nutrient solution was then used to immerse the oriented plates to dissolve some of the PLA solutes, ensuring plate integrity. Consequently, the drawing process exponentially enhanced the modulus and tensile strength of the PLA. Orientation and epitaxial crystallization could substantially enhance blood compatibility of PLA by prolonging clotting time and decreasing hemolysis rate, protein adsorption, and platelet activation. The oriented homo‐epitaxial crystallization of PLA exhibited a nano‐topography and fibrous structure similar to the intimal layer of a blood vessel, and this biomimetic structure was advantageous in decreasing the activation and/or adhesion of platelets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel zero‐dimensional dinuclear zinc complex, di‐μ‐acetato‐1:2κ4O:O′‐(μ‐2‐acetyl‐6‐{[(Z)‐2‐bromo‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl]azanidyl}phenolato‐1κ2O1,O2:2κ3O1,N,O6)(N,N‐dimethylacetamide‐1κO)dizinc(II), [Zn2(C11H8BrNO3)(CH3COO)2(C4H9NO)] or [Zn2(L)(CH3COO)2(DMA)], 1, was synthesized using (Z)‐3‐[(3‐acetyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)amino]‐2‐bromoprop‐2‐enal (H2L), which was synthesized from 1‐(3‐amino‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethanone and 2‐bromomalonaldehyde. H2L and 1 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FT–IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Theoretical calculations of the bond orders and excited state of H2L confirmed that there is extensive electron delocalization in the H2L molecules. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that the two Zn atoms are pentacoordinated in distorted trigonal bipyramidal configurations in the crystals of 1. The thermogravimetric analysis of 1 shows that the main frame of the complex remains stable to about 190 °C. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis shows that 1 possesses high purity and acid and alkali resistance. The intermolecular interactions of H2L and 1 were analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis and the results indicate that the H...H and O...H interactions of H2L and 1 play a considerable role in stabilizing the self‐assembly process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a strategic level decision method for yard cranes (YCs) transformation and deployment for the purpose of building efficient and energy‐saving green ports with low carbon emission. An integer programming model is embedded in the method for the above decision considering some green technology for YC transformation. The aim of the model is to minimize the investment cost for purchasing and transforming YCs as well as the operation costs during the planning horizon. A neighborhood descent particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed for solving the proposed model. Real data based on numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed decision method. Take the case of Shanghai Yangshan Deep Water Port, the carbon emission is reduced by 415,756.8 kg and the energy consumption costs are saved 1,226,016 RMB. The above method may be potentially useful for the practitioners on the strategic level decisions of YCs transformation and deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Postpartum women experience thyroid dysfunction at twice the prevalence of the general population. Adequate biosynthesis of thyroid hormones depends on three trace elements: iodine, selenium and iron. This study aimed to investigate thyroid dysfunction within a cohort of women at six months postpartum in relation to iodine, selenium and iron status. Design: This cross‐sectional study was part of an observational longitudinal cohort Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation; data obtained at six months postpartum are reported. Subjects: Mother‐infant pairs (n = 87) were recruited at three months postpartum and followed up at six months postpartum (n = 78). Measurements: Thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid‐stimulating hormone) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were measured. Urinary iodine concentration, breast milk iodine concentration, serum thyroglobulin, plasma selenium, serum ferritin and serum soluble transferrin receptors were determined. Nonparametric data were expressed as median (25th, 75th percentile). Results: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 18% of women, and 4% of women had iron deficiency. Median urinary iodine concentration was 85 (43, 134) µg/L, median breast milk iodine concentration was 59 (39, 109) µg/L, and median serum thyroglobulin at 11.4 (8.6, 18.6) µg/L, indicating iodine deficiency. Median plasma selenium concentration was 105.8 (95.6, 115.3) µg/L. Women with marginally lower plasma selenium concentration were 1.12% times more likely to have abnormal TSH concentrations (p =.001). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. Plasma selenium concentration was the only significant predictor of the likelihood that women had thyroid dysfunction within this cohort, who were iodine deficient and mostly had adequate iron status. Strategies are required to improve both iodine and selenium status to better support maternal thyroid function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) caused by spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) can infect almost all fish of cyprinids, which bring huge economic losses to aquaculture. Glycoprotein (G), as the most important antigenic determinant protein of SVCV, is widely considered as an effective method against SVCV. In our previous study, we found that G3 (131 aa) is the potential dominant antigen epitope that induces strong immune responses similar to G protein (510 aa). Here, in order to further improve the immune effect, we reported a subunit vaccine (PEG‐G3) constructed by PEG‐modified dominant epitope protein (G3). The results of serum antibody production, enzyme activities and immune‐related genes expression showed that PEG‐G3 induces significantly stronger immune protective responses against SVCV than G3. PEG modification significantly increased the serum antibody level of the vaccine, which increased significantly after immunization and reached the peak at 21 day post‐vaccination. T‐AOC and AKP activities in the lowest concentration group (5 μg) of PEG‐G3 were significantly higher than those in the highest concentration group (20 μg) of G3. In PEG‐G3 group, the expression of almost all genes increased at least 4 times compared with the control group. After 14‐day challenge, the RPS (relative percentage survival) of the highest concentration of PEG‐G3 group was 53.6%, while that of G3 group is 38.9%. Therefore, this work shows that PEG modification and dominant epitope screening may be effective methods to improve the immune protective effect of vaccines and to resist the infection of aquatic animal viral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of decision aids in the treatment, prevention and screening of breast cancer patients. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: The review protocol was registered in the CRD Prospero database(CRD42020173028). A literature search was carried out in five databases: PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of science data in January 2020. We used The Cochrane risk bias assessment tool to evaluate the literature quality of included trials and the Review Manager 5.2 software to analyse data. Results: We included 22 studies. Compared with the conventional methods, decision aids reduced treatment decision conflicts and had no significant effect on screening decision conflicts (WMD=−2.25, 95% CI = ‐ 2.64,‐1.87, p <.0001; WMD=−1.37, 95% CI = ‐ 3.57,0.83, p =.22). Three were no statistical differences in participants' anxiety, decision regret, knowledge, informed choice and decision‐making satisfaction between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of signaling pathways regulating the cell fate of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is limited. Calcineurin‐NFAT signaling is associated with a wide range of biological processes and diseases. However, its role in controlling hESC fate remains unclear. Here, we report that calcineurin A gamma and the NFATc3/SRPX2 axis control the expression of lineage and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in hESCs. Knockdown of PPP3CC, the gene encoding calcineurin A gamma, or NFATC3, downregulates certain markers both at the self‐renewal state and during differentiation of hESCs. Furthermore, NFATc3 interacts with c‐JUN and regulates the expression of SRPX2, the gene encoding a secreted glycoprotein known as a ligand of uPAR. We show that SRPX2 is a downstream target of NFATc3. Both SRPX2 and uPAR participate in controlling expression of lineage and EMT markers. Importantly, SRPX2 knockdown diminishes the upregulation of multiple lineage and EMT markers induced by co‐overexpression of NFATc3 and c‐JUN in hESCs. Together, this study uncovers a previously unknown role of calcineurin A gamma and the NFATc3/SRPX2 axis in modulating the fate determination of hESCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurochemicals are essential molecules presented in the central nervous system that are primarily involved in neural activity and signaling. Neurochemical abnormalities resulted from genetic or environmental changes can lead to several behavioral and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It is therefore imperative to employ detection systems of the optimal selectivity and spatio‐temporal resolution to ascertain the specific molecular basis particular to the pathological process. Electrochemical systems featuring excellent temporal‐spatial resolution and designable electrode interface are arguably the most versatile and widely used approaches for sensing of neurochemicals in living brain environment. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to enable highly selective, sensitive, and stable in vivo electrochemical sensors and facilitate their development for emerging applications ranging from early diagnosis of brain diseases to designing potential curative treatments. Here, we provide a brief overview of the application of electrochemical sensors and biosensors in the analysis of neurochemicals in living animals. In particular, we highlight recent advances in modulating the physicochemical properties of electrode that can lead to in vivo sensors with exceptional selectivity. In addition, future trends of highly selective in vivo electrochemical systems are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the safety and feasibility of taking low‐concentration carbohydrate solution at 2 h before induction of anesthesia for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. Methods: GDM patients undergoing cesarean section were randomly assigned to experimental group (n = 43) and control group (n = 42). Two hours before induction of anesthesia, participants in experimental group orally received 300 mL low‐concentration carbohydrate solution, while those in control group received equivalent warm water. Blood glucose and serum insulin were measured at 2 h before induction of anesthesia, right before induction of anesthesia, and the morning of postoperative day 1. Neonatal blood glucose level was monitored at birth. Maternal gastrointestinal function and well‐being were assessed perioperatively. Results: The levels of blood glucose and serum insulin right before induction of anesthesia in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were four cases with hypoglycemia in the experimental group and 19 cases in the control group right before induction of anesthesia (9.3% vs 45.2%, p < 0.001). The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was 2.3% in the experimental group and 7.1% in the control group with no significance. Hunger score of the participants between the two groups right before induction of anesthesia was significantly different. No aspiration, nausea, and vomiting occurred in both groups before, during, and after surgery. No significant difference was found in the time to the first flatus and abdominal distension between the two groups. Conclusion: Taking low‐concentration carbohydrate solution is safe and feasible for patients with GDM undergoing elective cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]