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Background and Aim: The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of body mass index (BMI)‐based individualized small bowel preparation for computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, patients undergoing CTE were randomly assigned to the individualized group or standardized group. Those in individualized group were given different volumes of mannitol solution based on BMI (1000 mL for patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1500 mL for patients with 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and 2000 mL for patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) while patients in the standardized group were all asked to consume 1500‐mL mannitol solution. CTE images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists blindly. Each segment of the small bowel was assessed for small bowel image quality and disease detection rates. Patients were invited to record a diary regarding adverse events and acceptance. Results: A total of 203 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. For patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, 1000‐mL mannitol solution permitted a significantly lower rate of flatulence (P = 0.045) and defecating frequency (P = 0.011) as well as higher acceptance score (P = 0.015), but did not affect bowel image quality and diseases detection compared with conventional dosage. For patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 2000‐mL mannitol solution provided better overall image quality (P = 0.033) but comparable rates of adverse events and patients' acceptance compared with conventional dosage. Conclusions: Individualized bowel preparation could achieve both satisfactory image quality and patients' acceptance thus might be an acceptable alternative in CTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro‐Doppler effect is a vital feature of a target that reflects its oscillatory motions apart from bulk motion and provides an important evidence for target recognition with radars. However, establishing the micro‐Doppler database poses a great challenge, since plenty of experiments are required to get the micro‐Doppler signatures of different targets for the purpose of analyses and interpretations with radars, which are dramatically limited by high cost and time‐consuming. Aiming to overcome these limits, a low‐cost and powerful simulation platform of the micro‐Doppler effects is proposed based on time‐domain digital coding metasurface (TDCM). Owing to the outstanding capabilities of TDCM in generating and manipulating nonlinear harmonics during wave‐matter interactions, it enables to supply rich and high‐precision electromagnetic signals with multiple micro‐Doppler frequencies to describe the micro‐motions of different objects, which are especially favored for the training of artificial intelligence algorithms in automatic target recognition and benefit a host of applications like imaging and biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photo‐ageing is a form of skin ageing which affects the entire face. A photo‐aged skin has a diverse variety of wrinkles and dyspigmentation all over the face. Here, we discuss photo‐ageing on the Chinese skin evaluated using a photo‐numeric scale developed and validated on Caucasian skin (i.e., Caucasian scale) and evaluated using a photo‐numeric scale developed and validated on Korean skin (i.e., Korean scale). The Korean scale can be subdivided into two scales that separately address the wrinkling and dyspigmentation constituents of photo‐ageing. Aim: As there are currently no photo‐ageing scales for Chinese skin, the main objective of this study is to adapt existing photo‐ageing photo‐numeric scales for use on ethnic Chinese skin. Method: Three trained assessors studied facial photo‐ageing on 1,081 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia Cross‐sectional Genetics Epidemiology Study (SMCGES) cohort. Results: All assessors are highly internally consistent (Weighted Kappa (κw) values≥0.952). We found that the Caucasian scale and Korean scale give nearly synonymous results for the wrinkling constituent of photo‐ageing (R2 = 0.9386). The two scales are strongly concordant (Spearman's Rank Correlation (ρ) value: 0.62 ± 0.06, p = 1.31×10−84). A weak‐to‐moderate inter‐scalar level of agreement (Cohen's Kappa (κ) values: 0.38 ± 0.05, p = 8.87×10−53) persists and is statistically significant after accounting for agreements due to chance. When tested on ethnic Chinese skin, both scales detect photo‐ageing consistently (Area under curve [AUC] values: 0.76‐0.84). Additionally, the Korean scale for the dyspigmentation constituent of photo‐ageing is concordant with both the Caucasian scale (R2 = 0.7888) and the Korean scale for the wrinkling constituent of photo‐ageing (R2 = 0.7734). Conclusion: Our results show that the Caucasian scale is suitable for capturing photo‐ageing on Chinese skin, especially wrinkle variations. The Korean dyspigmentation scale supplements the Caucasian scale to capture dyspigmentation patterns on Chinese skin that may be absent on Caucasian skin. Currently, photo‐ageing scales for Chinese skin are absent. When developed, these photo‐ageing scales must be properly validated for their ability to capture photo‐ageing of the entire face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative association was found between the frontal theta/beta ratio and mind wandering in participants with high schizotypal traits, while no such association was found in participants with low schizotypal traits. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanism of mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization and phase manipulations have gained widespread applications across various fields. The emergence of metasurface provides a new platform for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves. However, most metasurfaces are limited to modulating only one single property. Here, a coding metasurface that achieves 1‐bit phase manipulations of both co‐polarized and cross‐polarized reflected waves for linear and circular polarization wave excitations. Notably, the proposed metasurface enables co‐polarized 1‐bit phase responses for incident electric fields with arbitrary orientations and spin directions. The simulated results demonstrate an operating efficiency over −1.7 dB in the frequency range from 7 to 11.1 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 45.3%. Furthermore, the introduction of space‐polarization coding strategies facilitates the beam and polarization manipulations. To verify the feasibility of the coding metasurface, a sample and conduct experiments are fabricated, revealing good agreement between the simulations and measurements. These findings hold significant promise for the advancement of radar, imaging, and wireless communication systems, with potential applications in various domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that saikosaponin D (SSD) has favorable neurotherapeutic effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the efficacy and possible molecular mechanisms of SSD on pilocarpine (PP)‐induced astrocyte injury. Primary astrocytes were isolated from juvenile rats and identified using immunofluorescence. The cells were treated with PP and/or SSD for 6 h and 12 h, respectively, followed by measurement of their viability through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Next, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), C3, S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100a10), pentraxin 3 (Ptx3), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and RAG in astrocytes after different treatments. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and biochemical tests were utilized to evaluate the level of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α)] secreted by cells and the content of oxidative stress‐related factors (malondialdehyde [MDA] and glutathione [GSH]) or enzyme activity (catalase [CAT] and glutathione peroxidase [GPX]) in cells. The JC‐1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) fluorescence probe was used to measure the MMP in astrocytes. Additionally, western blot was applied to test the expression of proteins related to the nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase‐1 signaling pathway. PP treatment (1 mM) induced cell injury by significantly reducing the viability of astrocytes and expression of cellular markers. SSD treatment (4 μM) had no toxicity to astrocytes. Besides, SSD (4 μM) treatment could significantly up‐regulate the cell viability and marker expression of PP‐induced astrocytes. Furthermore, SSD could be employed to inhibit inflammation (reduce IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels) and oxidative stress (decrease MDA level, elevate GSH level, the activity of CAT and GPX), and ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction (upregulate JC‐1 ratio) in PP‐induced astrocytes. Moreover, further mechanism exploration revealed that SSD treatment significantly reduced the activity of the NLRP3/caspase‐1 signaling pathway activated by PP induction. SSD increased cell viability, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress response, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in PP‐induced astrocyte injury model, thus playing a neuroprotective role. The mechanism of SSD may be related to the inhibition of the NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have attracted extensive attentions from the communication community due to their powerful wavefront manipulation and signal modulation abilities. Optically transparent RISs are needed in some scenarios requiring both optical transparency and high‐quality communication services. In RIS‐based wireless communications, the channel reciprocity is an important factor to be considered since the electromagnetic responses of RISs usually depend on the incident and receiving angles. To address this problem, an optically transparent 2‐bit RIS with low angular sensitivity is proposed. By applying a transparent dielectric substrate and metal‐mesh‐based patterns, the designed RIS achieves a light transmittance of 49.3%. Both the simulation and measurement results demonstrate the low angular sensitivity at transverse magnetic incidence from 0° to 60°. Moreover, beam steering experiments under various coding sequences and various incident angles are simulated and measured, and the results are consistent with the theoretically predicted results. A further study on the broadcast mode of the RIS shows that its phase response is weakly dependent to the incident and receiving directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We evaluate skin sagging phenotypes (eyebags, droopy eyelids, low eyebrow positioning) using written descriptive scales and photo‐numeric scales. We also study how anti‐ageing interventions and digital screen time influence skin sagging. Aim: We compare the two phenotype assessment methods with each other. Method: Skin sagging and personal lifestyle data obtained from 2885 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross‐sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort were collated and compared. Results: Significant correlations (p‐value < 0.001) between written descriptive scales and photo‐numeric scales were observed for eyebags (0.25) and eyebrow positioning (0.08). Significant correlations (p‐value < 0.001) were observed after combining both scales for eyebags (0.38), droopy eyelids (0.30), and eyebrow positioning (0.30). Anti‐ageing interventions are associated with delayed progression of eyebags from 18–45 years old, droopy eyelids from 31–45 years old, and eyebrow positioning from 35–40 years old. Significantly lower (p‐value < 0.02) eyebrow positioning is associated with both <1 and 1–3 h of screen time stratified by age. Conclusion: Written descriptive scales provide comparable results to photo‐numeric scales. However, validating and adapting photo‐numeric scales for different populations identifies phenotypes better. Anti‐ageing interventions are beneficial at different age ranges. Screen time is associated with skin sagging in young (18–30 years old) participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a novel autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS). It is unclear whether Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is related to autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Objective: To describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of patients with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. Methods: The clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of patients are presented. The levels of GFAP in CSF were detected by ELISA. T and B cell subsets in CSF were detected by flow cytometry. GFAP‐IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested by cell‐based assay (CBA) and tissue‐based assay (TBA). Results: All three patients had fever, cognitive dysfunction, limb weakness, and positive GFAP‐IgG with EBV infection in CSF. Enteric glia cells may involve in this disease. Typical imaging findings include the gadolinium enhancement of linear perivascular radial perpendicular to the ventricle, meningeal enhancement (especially in midbrain interpeduncal fossa), longitudinally extensive lesions involving spindle cords, and more T2/Flair‐hyperintense lesions in the periventricular white matter at late stage. The patients had poor response to antiviral treatment and strong response to steroid pulse therapy. Conclusion: EBV could induce CNS autoimmune response in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. The detection of GFAP‐IgG and EBV may facilitate the early diagnosis in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A space-time coding metasurface (STCM) operating in the sub-terahertz band to construct new-architecture wireless communication systems is proposed. Specifically, a programmable STCM is designed with varactor-diode-tuned metasurface elements, enabling precise regulation of harmonic amplitudes and phases by adjusting the time delay and duty cycle of square-wave modulation signal loaded on the varactor diodes. Independent electromagnetic (EM) regulations in the space and time domains are achieved by STCM to realize flexible beam manipulations and information modulations. Based on these features, a sub-terahertz wireless communication link is constructed by employing STCM as a transmitter. Experimental results demonstrate that the STCM supports multiple modulation schemes including frequency-shift keying, phase-shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulations in a wide frequency band. It is also shown that the STCM is capable of realizing wide-angle beam scanning in the range of ±45°, which offers an opportunity for user tracking during the communication. Thus, the STCM transmitter with high device density and low power consumption can provide low-complexity, low-cost, low-power, and low-heat solutions for building the next-generation wireless communication systems in the sub-terahertz frequency and even terahertz band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass windows are an important part of indoor‐to‐outdoor wireless communication channels, but the transmission loss of the normal glass limits the quality of the radio frequency (RF) signals, especially for the transverse‐electric (TE) polarized waves incident at large angles due to the impendence mismatch. Although some design methods for wide‐angle high RF transmission (WHRT) have been proposed recently, they can only work in a single frequency band. Here, an optically transparent metasurface is presented to realize high RF transmissions for dual polarizations in dual bands (2.2–3.2 and 4.4–5.2 GHz) and wide incidence angles (0–80°). The central frequencies of the two bands can be tuned independently by changing the structural parameters. A theory based on the transmission line (TL) model is proposed to explain the mechanism of the design, and a prototype is fabricated by using flexible printed circuit technology. The measured results of the prototype have good agreement with numerical calculations and full‐wave simulations. The design is expected to be beneficial to improve the quality of wireless signals in 5G systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aims of the present study are to describe the status of selfmanagement behaviors and illness perception, and explore the relationship between illness perception and self-management behaviors among Chinese diabetic foot patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the endocrinology department of a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected on illness perception, self-management behaviors, and demographic and clinical characteristics over 9 months among 156 subjects. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Only 3.2% of participants maintained excellent self-management behaviors. Additionally, the participants perceived diabetic foot as chronic and could be well controlled through treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that illness perception was associated with self-management behaviors. Conclusions: Patient illness perception is an important factor influencing self-management behaviors. It may be helpful to improve self-management behaviors by tailoring the content of the intervention to fit the patients' illness perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental time travel (MTT) refers to the ability to mentally re‐experience the past and pre‐experience the future. Here we briefly review impairments in MTT, its underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms, and ways to improve MTT in psychiatric patients. Future research directions on MTT are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to project oneself to the past or future through mental simulation. Moreover, MTT can involve self‐related or other‐related information. This study aimed to compare MTT in individuals with high levels of schizotypy and that in their counterparts with low levels of schizotypy. Participants with high (n = 37) and low (n = 37) levels of schizotypy completed an MTT task with four conditions [2 (Condition: self vs. other) × 2 (Time orientation: past vs. future)]. They were required to recall past events that had happened to themselves or to a non‐intimate person, and to imagine possible future events that might happen to themselves or to a non‐intimate person, related to cue words. Outcome measures included specificity, vividness, sense of experience, emotional valence, emotional intensity, proportion of first‐person visual perspective in events, and difficulty in event generation. A 2 (Group: high vs. low levels of schizotypy) × 2 (Condition) × 2 (Time orientation) mixed analysis of variance was conducted on each index. Results showed that self‐related MTT was more specific than other‐related MTT in low levels of schizotypy participants but not in high levels of schizotypy participants. Participants with a high level of schizotypy reported fewer specific events, and reported events with lower vividness and positive emotion than did those with a low level of schizotypy. Self‐related MTT showed higher levels of phenomenological characteristics than did other‐related MTT. In conclusion, individuals with a high level of schizotypy have altered MTT, and cannot benefit from the self‐advantage effect on the specificity of MTT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lugol chromoendoscopy is the standard technique to detect an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, a high concentration of Lugol's solution can induce mucosal injury and adverse events. We aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution to reduce mucosal injury and adverse events without degrading image quality. Methods: This was a two‐phase double‐blind randomized controlled trial. In phase I, 200 eligible patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and then were randomly (1:1:1:1:1) sprayed with 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4% Lugol's solution. Image quality, gastric mucosal injury, adverse events, and operation satisfaction were compared to investigate the minimal effective concentration. In phase II, 42 cases of endoscopic mucosectomy for early ESCC were included. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the minimal effective (0.6%) or conventional (1.2%) concentration of Lugol's solution for further comparison of the effectiveness. Results: In phase I, the gastric mucosal injury was significantly reduced in 0.6% group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in image quality between 0.6% and higher concentrations of Lugol's solution (P > 0.05, respectively). It also showed that the operation satisfaction decreased in 1.2% group compared with the lower concentration groups (P < 0.05). In phase II, the complete resection rate was 100% in both groups, while 0.6% Lugol's solution showed higher operation satisfaction (W = 554.500, P = 0.005). Conclusions: The study indicates that 0.6% might be the optimal concentration of Lugol's solution for early detection and delineation of ESCC, considering minimal mucosal injury and satisfied image. The registry of clinical trials: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03180944). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization and phase are two essential properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves. A transmissive metasurface is proposed that can simultaneously manipulate the polarization and phase of the EM waves. The design has a powerful capability of rotating the polarization to any desired azimuth direction for a linearly polarized (LP) wave and achieving the cross‐polarization conversion for a circularly polarized (CP) wave. Meanwhile, the transmission phase of the cross‐polarization can be dynamically controlled for the CP wave. The proposed metasurface is composed of two types of substrate‐integrated waveguides (SIW) in a cross arrangement, which has an insertion loss of less than 0.3 dB from 9.7 to 10.3 GHz. Some samples are fabricated and measurements are performed, which are in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical and simulated results, indicating the feasibility of the proposed method. It is believed that the proposed design has many potential applications in the fields of imaging, communication, and radar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been identified to transduce fibrogenic signals via inducing the activation of their receptor (RAGE)‐mediated pathway. Recently, disrupting AGE‐RAGE interaction has become a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic heart failure (CHF). Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is close to the cardiac fibrosis pathological process. Our previous studies have demonstrated that knockout RAGE suppressed the autophagy‐mediated EndMT, and thus alleviated cardiac fibrosis. Plantamajoside (PMS) is the major bioactive compound of Plantago Asiatica, and its activity of anti‐fibrosis has been documented in many reports. However, its effect on CHF and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Thus, we tried to elucidate the protective role of PMS in CHF from the viewpoint of the AGEs/RAGE/autophagy/EndMT axis. Herein, PMS was found to attenuate cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, suppress EndMT, reduce autophagy levels and serum levels of AGEs, yet did not affect the expression of RAGE in CHF mice. Mechanically, PMS possibly binds to the V‐domain of RAGE, which is similar to the interaction between AGEs and RAGE. Importantly, this competitive binding disturbed AGEs‐induced the RAGE‐autophagy‐EndMT pathway in vitro. Collectively, our results indicated that PMS might exert an anti‐cardiac fibrosis effect by specifically binding RAGE to suppress the AGEs‐activated RAGE/autophagy/EndMT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal intermediates bearing M−X σ‐bonds are ubiquitous in metal‐mediated C−X bond transformations. Thermodynamic knowledge of M−X bond cleavage is crucial to explore relevant reactions; but little was accumulated till present due to lack of suitable determination methods. We here report the first systematic study of the Pd−X bond homolysis dissociation free energies [BDFE(Pd−X)] of representative [(tmeda)Pd(4‐F−C6H4)X] (tmeda=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine, X=OR or NHAr) in DMSO on the basis of reliable measurement of their bond heterolysis energies (ΔGhet(Pd−X)). Despite ΔGhet(Pd−O)s of palladium‐phenoxides are generally found about 8 kcal/mol smaller than ΔGhet(Pd−N)s of palladium‐amidos, their BDFE(Pd−X)s are observed comparable. The structure‐property relationship was investigated to disclose an enhancement effect of electron‐withdrawing groups on BDFE(Pd−X)s. Linear free energy relationship analysis revealed that Pd−X bonds are more sensitive than X−H bonds to structural variation. The energetic propensity of reductive elimination from arylpalladium complexes was evaluated by combinatorial use of BDFE(Pd−X)s and BDFE(C−X)s, indicating an overall thermodynamic bias to C−N bond formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strip‐typed antenna with the advantages of simple structure and easy fabrication is first proposed. When the antenna is mounted on a planar circuit board, it has the same radiation characteristics as a traditional microstrip antenna operated in the fundamental mode; however, the proposed antenna only occupies a space of a linear length for the surface of the circuit board. Then, A 1 × 4 array with ± 45° polarizations is realized using the strip‐typed antenna as a radiating element. The dual‐polarized array is excited with a pair of coplanar corporate feed networks. Simulated results show that the gains of the radiating element and array are up to 8 and 13 dBi, respectively; in addition, the isolation between the two input ports of the array is higher than 27 dB within an impedance bandwidth of around 11%. Experiments are also carried out, and they validate the simulated results. Details of the designs are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correctly specified working correlation structure ensures the efficiency in inferences for marginal regressions based on estimating equations. When there are measurement errors in covariates, however, correct specification of the working correlation structure may lead to more severe bias and higher mean squared error than working independence. We report this lesser known phenomenon and explain it in a bias analysis. The bias can be corrected using a functional approach with efficiency improved through the generalized method of moments, which works well only for large samples. For practical purposes, we further address two computational issues and correct the variance estimator for small samples. The proposed approaches are validated in simulation studies and illustrated in an example. The methods are publicly available in an R package eiv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design of frequency reconfigurable patch antennas is presented. The antenna has a radiating patch perpendicular to the ground plane, and it can be regarded as a one‐dimensional suspended patch antenna. By placing two varactors between the radiating patch and ground plane, the operation frequency of the antenna can be tuned from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz, and a stable broadside radiation pattern with low cross‐polarization can be obtained within the operation bandwidth. A prototype of the proposed reconfigurable antenna is constructed. Both measured and simulated results of the prototype are given, and the differences between them are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies are trying to add immunotherapy to gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) induction chemotherapy, the standard therapy, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with locoregionally advanced disease. However, how the immune system responds to GP remains unknown. Method: We examined the dynamic changes of circulating immune cells and plasma cytokines in NPC patients administered with GP. Result: After GP administration, immunosuppressive myeloid cells, including CD11b+CD14+ monocytes, CD33+ myeloid cells, CD33+CD11+ myeloid cells, total MDSCs (CD33+CD11+HLA‐DR−/low), monocytic MDSCs, and granulocytic MDSCs decreased significantly. The regulatory T cells and B cells, two important suppressive lymphocyte subpopulations, also decreased. On the other hand, the levels of CD3+ T cells, total B cells, central memory CD4+ T cells, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (including Interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐5, and IL‐8) increased significantly after GP administration. Besides, GP chemotherapy did not weaken the cytotoxic activity and proliferative capacity of T cells. Conclusion: Our results showed the immune modulation effect of GP induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced NPC, providing a solid basis for its combination with immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem and one of the leading causes of all‐cause mortality. However, the pathogenic mechanisms and intervention methods for CKD progression are not fully understood. Experimental Approach: Plasma from patients with uraemia and from healthy controls (n = 30 per group) was analysed with LC‐MS/MS‐based non‐targeted metabolomics to identify potential markers of uraemia. These potential markers were validated in the same cohort and a second cohort (n = 195) by quantitative analysis of the markers, using LC‐MS/MS. The most promising marker was identified by correlation analysis and further validated using HK‐2 cells and mouse models. Key Results: Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) was identified as a promising marker among the 18 potential markers found in the first cohort, and it was optimally correlated with renal function of CKD patients in the second cohort. Treatment of HK‐2 cells with TMAO decreased cell viability and up‐regulated expression of α‐smooth muscle actin. In mice, a TMAO‐containing diet decreased kidney mass and increased protein expression of α‐smooth muscle actin. Also, control of TMAO production by inhibiting its biosynthetic pathway with 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butanol or disrupting gut microbiota function with an antibiotic cocktail, attenuated renal injury in a murine model of CKD. Conclusion and Implications: Our data show that decreased TMAO production could be a new strategy to attenuate the progression of renal injury in CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizotypal traits have been found to be negatively associated with satisfaction with life but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the association between schizotypal traits and satisfaction with life and explored the mediating role of trait anxiety and mind wandering in the relationship between those two variables in a sample of Chinese young adults. One hundred and two individuals with high schizotypal traits and 104 individuals with low schizotypal traits were screened using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. They completed a series of questionnaires including the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Mind Wandering Questionnaire. Results showed that: First, the high schizotypal trait group showed lower satisfaction with life, and higher trait anxiety and mind wandering frequency than the low schizotypal trait group. Second, the high schizotypal trait group, trait anxiety, and mind wandering negatively predicted satisfaction with life. Third, mediation analyses showed that all indirect effect paths in the mediation model were significant, that is, trait anxiety and mind wandering alone and together mediated the relationship between schizotypal trait group and satisfaction with life. In conclusion, high schizotypal trait is a risk factor for low satisfaction with life. The association between schizotypal traits and satisfaction with life was mediated by the combination of trait anxiety and mind wandering. This study has implications for improving life satisfaction in individuals with high schizotypal traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections are of serious concern due to the associated risk of gastric cancer. However, many patients have poor medication and therapy compliance, which makes it difficult to eradicate their infections. This points to the need for stronger educational interventions aimed at enhancing compliance, thus increasing the potential for treatment success. As such, this study conducted a meta‐analysis to clarify the effects of enhanced patient education (EPE) programs for H. pylori. Materials and Methods: We searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on health education for patients infected with H. pylori from inception to June 2021. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori, while the secondary outcomes included the incidence of individual adverse symptoms, treatment compliance, clinical symptom remission after treatment, and patient satisfaction. We used the fixed or random‐effects model to pool the risk ratio (RR), with 95% confidence interval. We also conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: Our search returned seven relevant studies across a total of 1,433 patients. Compared with controls, EPE was significantly associated with improved H. pylori eradication rates (RR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04–1.29, p = 0.006) and patient compliance (RR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.14–1.93, p = 0.003). A subgroup analysis also showed that EPE benefits were consistent across patients with different eradication programs, WeChat intervention plans, and intervention frequencies (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the total adverse effects, common side effects (diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, taste disorder, and skin rash), or discontinuation rate (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Patient education is inexpensive, safe, and convenient. In this context, our findings suggest that enhanced educational interventions have positive effects on both the H. pylori eradication rate and adherence among infected patients, and thus constitute promising complements to clinical treatment regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design for reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antennas with frequency agility is described. The main radiating element of the antenna is a suspended patch, and it is connected with two vertical feed probes. When one feed probe is used as a signal input port, the other probe can serve as a perturbation element of the microstrip antenna resonant at the fundamental mode, and consequently a CP radiation is generated. Because the dual probes are arranged in an orthogonal fashion, the antenna can be operated in right‐handed and left‐handed circular polarization modes. To vary the CP operation frequency, four varactors are mounted on the ring slot embedded on the radiating patch. Simulated results indicate that the CP frequency can be continuously tuned from 1.2 to 1.9 GHz with decreasing the capacitance of the varactors. A prototype is also fabricated, and only one DC bias is required to realize the reconfigurable antenna. The design concept of the proposed antenna is shown, and CP performances at different frequencies are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated influencing factors of early discontinuation of breastfeeding, but few studies have developed an easy‐to‐use tool to identify risk of breastfeeding cessation at 6 months after birth. This research team aimed to develop and validate an exclusive breastfeeding duration risk nomogram in Chinese mothers. A longitudinal cohort survey was conducted. Data were collected from 394 postpartum women in three hospitals in Hubei Province, China from December 2017 to December 2018. The LASSO regression model was used to screen for optimized factors in an exclusive breastfeeding duration model. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to construct a prediction model. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using a C‐index and calibration curve, and internal validity was established using bootstrapping validation. Factors integrated in the prediction risk nomogram were monthly household income (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.95, 1.80]), experiences of breastfeeding (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: [0.92, 1.63]), attitude (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: [0.94, 3.16]), self‐efficacy (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: [1.40, 4.29]), perceived insufficient milk supply (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.25]) and postpartum depression (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: [0.02, 0.17]). The model displayed good discrimination with a C‐index of 0.87 (95% CI: [0.84, 0.91]) and good calibration. The C‐index interval validation was confirmed to be 0.86. This study resulted in the development of a novel nomogram with good accuracy to aid healthcare professionals in assessing the probability of a mother discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding at the breast before 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus has become a new model in ecology and evolutionary biology. Different lineages of S. paradoxus have been recognized across the world, but the distribution and genetic diversity of the species remain unknown in China, where the origin of its sibling species S. cerevisiae lies. In this study, we investigated the ecological and geographic distribution of S. paradoxus through an extensive field survey in China and performed population genomic analysis on a set of S. paradoxus strains, including 27 strains, representing different geographic and ecological origins within China, and 59 strains representing all the known lineages of the species recognized in the other regions of the world so far. We found two distinct lineages of S. paradoxus in China. The majority of the Chinese strains studied belong to the Far East lineage, and six strains belong to a novel highly diverged lineage. The distribution of these two lineages overlaps ecologically and geographically in temperate to subtropical climate zones in China. With the addition of the new China lineage, the Eurasian population of S. paradoxus exhibits higher genetic diversity than the American population. We observed more possible lineage‐specific introgression events from the Eurasian lineages than from the American lineages. Our results expand the knowledge on ecology, genetic diversity, biogeography, and evolution of S. paradoxus. Take away: S. paradoxus is distributed in temperate to subtropical climate zones in China.A novel highly diverged ancient lineage of S. paradoxus is identified.S. paradoxus exhibits higher genetic diversity in Eurasia than in America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing (HPCSP) has emerged as an effective alternative to overcome the limitations of right ventricular pacing (RVP) via physiological left ventricular activation, but there remains a paucity of comparative information for His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch pacing (LBBP). Methods: A Bayesian random‐effects network analysis was conducted to compare the relative effects of HBP, LBBP, and RVP in patients with bradycardia and conduction disorders. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception until September 21, 2021. Results: Twenty‐eight studies involving 4160 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. LBBP significantly improved success rate, pacing threshold, pacing impedance, and R‐wave amplitude compared with HBP. LBBP also demonstrated a nonsignificant trend towards superior outcomes of lead complications, heart failure hospitalization, atrial fibrillation, and all‐cause death. However, HBP was associated with significantly shorter paced QRS duration relative to LBBP. Despite higher success rates, shorter procedure/fluoroscopy duration, and fewer lead complications, patients receiving RVP were more likely to experience reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, longer paced QRS duration, and higher rates of heart failure hospitalization than those receiving HPCSP. No statistical differences were observed in the remaining outcome measures. Conclusions: This network meta‐analysis demonstrates the efficacy and safety of HPCSP for the treatment of bradycardia and conduction disorders, with differences in pacing parameters, electrophysiology characteristics, and clinical outcomes between HBP and LBBP. Larger‐scale, long‐term comparative studies are warranted for further verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is complicated and dependent on operators' experience. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic diagnosis of early ESCC. Methods: Non‐magnifying and magnifying endoscopic images of normal/noncancerous lesions, early ESCC, and advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) were retrospectively obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. A total of 10,988 images from 5075 cases were chosen for training and validation. Another 2309 images from 1055 cases were collected for testing. One hundred and four real‐time videos were also collected to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AI model. The diagnostic performance of the AI model was compared with endoscopists by magnifying images and the assistant efficiency of the AI model for novices was evaluated. Results: The AI diagnosis for non‐magnifying images showed a per‐patient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.5%, 100%, 99.5% for white light imaging, and 97.0%, 97.2%, 96.4% for optical enhancement/iodine straining images. Regarding diagnosis for magnifying images, the per‐patient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 88.1%, 90.9%, and 85.0%. The diagnostic accuracy of the AI model was similar to experts (84.5%, P = 0.205) and superior to novices (68.5%, P = 0.005). The diagnostic performance of novices was significantly improved by AI assistance. When it comes to the diagnosis for real‐time videos, the AI model showed acceptable performance as well. Conclusions: The AI model could accurately recognize early ESCC among noncancerous mucosa and AEC. It could be a potential assistant for endoscopists, especially for novices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The relationship between prior breastfeeding experience and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is of significant interest, but few studies have explored the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The purpose of this study is to address two hypotheses: (a) that attitude and self‐efficacy mediate the relationship between previous breastfeeding experience and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding; and (b) that attitude and self‐efficacy have serial mediation functions in this relationship. Methods: The data collection process was divided into two stages. The original stage included 394 women hospitalized after delivery who completed socio‐demographic questionnaires (including previous breastfeeding experience), the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), and the Breastfeeding Self‐efficacy Short‐Form Scale (BSES‐SF). Follow‐up data about duration of exclusive breastfeeding were obtained at six months postpartum. Results: Mediation analysis indicated that previous breastfeeding experience directly affected the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and that the rate of the total indirect effect was 22.878%. Self‐efficacy mediated previous breastfeeding experience and duration of exclusive breastfeeding, whereas attitude and self‐efficacy played the series mediational role between previous breastfeeding experience and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cluster analysis supported these results. Conclusions: The duration of exclusive breastfeeding can be promoted by improving breastfeeding attitude and self‐efficacy in women without breastfeeding experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high energetic compound 4‐diazo‐2,6‐dinitrophenol was synthesized by employing one‐pot facile method from 4‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitroaniline. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), elemental analysis (EA), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 15N NMR). The crystal structure was determined using an X‐ray single crystal diffractometer. The detonation properties of 4‐diazo‐2,6‐dinitrophenol and 6‐diazo‐3,5‐dichloro‐2,4‐dinitrophenol were compared by using Kamlet formula. Besides, the thermal behavior of 4‐diazo‐2,6‐dinitrophenol was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC), then according to the thermal analysis data, the thermal decomposition kinetics parameters were calculated using the thermal analysis data based on Kissinger method and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the relationships among clinical insight, subjective memory complaints, and objective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia. We recruited 205 patients with schizophrenia and 221 healthy controls in this study. The participants were administered a subjective‐report scale on memory (the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire), and several objective memory tasks measuring verbal memory, visual memory, and working memory. Clinical insight was measured with an item in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. We found that when patients with schizophrenia were divided into subgroups with good and poor insight, both subgroups showed impairment in memory performance compared with controls. The schizophrenia patients with good insight reported similar memory complaints as controls whereas patients with poor insight reported less memory complaints than did the controls. These findings suggest that clinical insight may be related to subjective memory complaints, but not objective memory performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make full use of solar energy and achieve effective separation of photogenerated carriers, semiconductor heterojunction engineering is becoming increasingly significant nowadays. Herein, CsxWO3/CsPbBr3 heterojunctions via cosharing the Cs atom are synthesized by a facile acid solution method, which involves the in situ growth of CsPbBr3 nanoparticles on the surface of CsxWO3 nanorods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests confirm that a high‐quality interface with strong interaction between CsxWO3 and CsPbBr3 is constructed successfully. Thus, a direct Z‐scheme charge transfer pathway is built in such close‐contact heterojunctions, which can not only effectively prevent the recombination of photogenerated carriers, but also preserve the carriers with higher redox abilities, as confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) as well as Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). As a proof of concept, the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of CsxWO3/CsPbBr3 is evaluated in ethyl acetate, and a 17‐fold enhancement in hydrogen production rate as compared with pristine CsxWO3 is obtained, verifying the effective charge separation in such heterojunctions. Herein, a new idea for in situ synthesis of high‐quality perovskite‐based heterojunctions is provided, which will broaden their optoelectrical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA) is a low molecular weight fatty acid that is used in clinical practice to treat inherited urea cycle disorders. In previous reports, it acted as a chemical chaperone inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response signaling. A few studies have suggested its function against hepatic fibrosis in mice models. However, its role in hepatocarcinogenesis remained unknown. Methods: 4‐PBA was administered alone or in combination with diethylnitrosamine to investigate its long‐term effect on liver tumorigenesis. The role of 4‐PBA in oncogene‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mice model using sleeping beauty system co‐expressed with hMet and β‐catenin point mutation (S45Y) was also observed. RNA‐seq and PCR array were used to screen the pathways and genes involved. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to explore the effect of 4‐PBA on liver and validate the underlying mechanism. Results: 4‐PBA alone didn't cause liver tumor in long term. However, it promoted liver tumorigenesis in HCC mice models via initiation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) through Wnt5b‐Fzd5 mediating β‐catenin signaling. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR)‐α induced by 4‐PBA was responsible for the activation of β‐catenin signaling. Thus, intervention of PPAR‐α reversed 4‐PBA‐induced initiation of LCSCs and HCC development in vivo. Further study revealed that 4‐PBA could not only upregulate the expression of PPAR‐α transcriptionally but also enhance its stabilization via protecting it from proteolysis. Moreover, high PPAR‐α expression predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. Conclusions: 4‐PBA could upregulate PPAR‐α to initiate LCSCs by activating β‐catenin signaling pathway, promoting HCC at early stage. Therefore, more discretion should be taken to monitor the potential tumor‐promoting effect of 4‐PBA under HCC‐inducing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rational design for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is pivotal to the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. Much work has been devoted to understanding cation leaching and surface reconstruction of very active electrocatalysts, but little on intentionally promoting the surface in a controlled fashion. We now report controllable anodic leaching of Cr in CoCr2O4 by activating the pristine material at high potential, which enables the transformation of inactive spinel CoCr2O4 into a highly active catalyst. The depletion of Cr and consumption of lattice oxygen facilitate surface defects and oxygen vacancies, exposing Co species to reconstruct into active Co oxyhydroxides differ from CoOOH. A novel mechanism with the evolution of tetrahedrally coordinated surface cation into octahedral configuration via non‐concerted proton‐electron transfer is proposed. This work shows the importance of controlled anodic potential in modifying the surface chemistry of electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamic knowledge of the metal–ligand (M−L) σ‐bond strength is crucial to understanding metal‐mediated transformations. Here, we developed a method for determining the Pd−X (X=OR and NHAr) bond heterolysis energies (ΔGhet(Pd−X)) in DMSO taking [(tmeda)PdArX] (tmeda=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) as the model complexes. The ΔGhet(Pd−X) scales span a range of 2.6–9.0 kcal mol−1 for ΔGhet(Pd−O) values and of 14.5–19.5 kcal mol−1 for ΔGhet(Pd−N) values, respectively, implying a facile heterolytic detachment of the Pd ligands. Structure‐reactivity analyses of a modeling Pd‐mediated X−H bond activation reveal that the M−X bond metathesis is dominated by differences of the X−H and Pd−X bond strengths, the former being more influential. The ΔGhet(Pd−X) and pKa(X−H) parameters enable regulation of reaction thermodynamics and chemoselectivity and diagnosing the probability of aniline activation with Pd−X complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterojunction engineering, especially 2D/2D heterojunctions, is regarded as a quite promising strategy to manipulate the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts. In this manuscript, a direct Z‐scheme 2D/2D heterojunction of CsPbBr3/Bi2WO6 is designed and fabricated by a simple electrostatic self‐assembly process. By using ultrathin nanosheets with several atomic layers as the building blocks, a close CsPbBr3/Bi2WO6 heterointerface over large area with quite a short charge transport distance is obtained, which enables a valid Z‐scheme interfacial charge transfer between Bi2WO6 and CsPbBr3 and thus boosts charge separation. The CsPbBr3/Bi2WO6 heterojunction exhibits a superior photocatalytic performance toward CO2 reduction. By incorporating Pt nanoparticles as the cocatalyst, a high photoelectron consumption rate of 324.0 µmol g−1 h−1 under AM 1.5G irradiation (150 mW cm−2) is obtained, which is 12.2 fold higher than that of CsPbBr3 nanosheets. Moreover, a stable product yield of up to 1582.0 µmol g−1 and electron consumption yield of 8603.0 µmol g−1 for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO (11.4%) and CH4 (84.3%) can be achieved after 30 h of continuous catalytic reaction. The accelerated photogenerated charge transfer and spatial charge separation are investigated in detail by ultrafast spectra, photoelectrochemical test, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Add‐on devices have been widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the adenoma detection rate between Endocuff‐assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and cap‐assisted colonoscopy (CAC). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases were searched. Outcomes included adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, cecal intubation time, and withdrawal time. Dichotomous data were pooled to obtain the odds ratio or risk ratio. Continuous data were pooled using the mean difference. Results: Of the 240 articles reviewed, six randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 1994 patients. In the meta‐analysis, no statistical difference in adenoma detection rate was detected between EAC and CAC (47.0% vs 45.1%; P = 0.33). EAC significantly improved detection rate of diminutive adenomas/polyps compared with CAC (P = 0.01). Cecal intubation was achieved in 96.5% in EAC group and 97.9% in CAC group (P = 0.04). Besides, no statistical difference was found in cecal intubation time (P = 0.86), withdrawal time (P = 0.88), small adenomas/polyps (P = 0.60), or large adenomas/polyps (P = 0.95). Conclusion: EAC and CAC have their respective merits. EAC significantly improve the detection of diminutive adenomas/polyps. CAC was better in cecal intubation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two personalized rescue therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: An open‐label, single‐center, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients who had failed one or two regimens for H. pylori infection were randomized to receive a 14‐day bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) or personal medication history (PMH). In the AST group, either two of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole or levofloxacin were prescribed according to the AST. In the PMH group, amoxicillin plus either levofloxacin or furazolidone were prescribed based on the patient's history of quinolone use. The primary outcomes were eradication rates confirmed by an urea breath test 6 weeks after treatment. The secondary outcomes were adherence, incidence of adverse events (AE) and cost‐effectiveness. Results: Altogether 164 with a positive culture received AST‐guided therapy and 192 received PMH‐guided therapy, respectively. Both AST‐ and PMH‐guided therapies achieved comparable eradication rate (intention‐to‐treat analysis: 78.10% vs 74.29%, P = 0.42; per‐protocol analysis: 87.10% vs 88.64%, P = 0.80). The AST clarithromycin regimen had a lower per‐protocol eradication rate than the levofloxacin (75.47% vs 96.30%, P = 0.03) or furazolidone‐containing regimen (75.47% vs 92.75%, P = 0.02). Both groups had high compliance with low incidences of AE, and PMH‐guided therapy had a lower medical cost. Conclusions: AST‐guided therapy was not superior to PMH‐guided therapy as a second‐ or third‐line treatment for H. pylori infection. Considering the cost‐effectiveness, PMH therapy is clinically more favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two novel nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), DTCC‐4Cl and DTSiC‐4Cl, are synthesized by end‐capping dithienocyclopentacarbazole (DTCC) and dithieno‐silolocarbazole (DTSiC) cores with chlorinated IC (2Cl‐IC) units, respectively. With the better‐known advantage of having the extraordinary σ*–π* conjugation of silole unit embedded in the DTSiC core, DTSiC‐4Cl manifests upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), blue‐shifted absorption, and increased π–π interaction in comparison with DTCC‐4Cl. Furthermore, to elucidate the effect of bridging atoms on the photovoltaic performance, T1 is selected as the polymer donor to be blended with DTCC‐4Cl and DTSiC‐4Cl. T1:DTCC‐4Cl‐based devices exhibit a fine power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.43% and T1:DTSiC‐4Cl‐based devices exhibit a comparable PCE of 14.46%. Interestingly, the T1:DTSiC‐4Cl‐based devices demonstrate an additive‐free feature, which is worthy of further applications. From the perspective of constructing high‐performance ternary devices, DTCC‐4Cl is expected to possess excellent compatibility with DTSiC‐4Cl owing to its structural similarity. As anticipated, the ternary T1:DTSiC‐4Cl:DTCC‐4Cl‐based device outperforms the binary T1:DTCC‐4Cl and T1:DTSiC‐4Cl‐based devices, affording a decent PCE of 15.04% with a VOC of 0.97 V, a JSC of 20.80 mA cm−2, and an FF of 74.55% without any additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dispersive delay structure, or phaser, is an integral part of analogue signal processor. A phaser is a circuit, whose group delay can be engineered to obtain the desired response as a function of frequency. Traditionally, phasers have been implemented in circuits or waveguide structures, but they can never deal with electromagnetic waves in free space due to limitation of natural materials. To resolve this drawback, a novel metasurface‐based structure, spatial phaser, for analogue signal processing in the spatial domain is proposed. A general design theory is put forward to realize the spatial phaser for manipulating the dispersive delay of electromagnetic waves. To demonstrate this method, three spatial phasers with different group‐delay responses are elaborately devised and a prototype that exhibits a positive‐triangular group delay from 8 to 10 GHz is fabricated. The experimental and simulation results show good agreement. This work will facilitate the development of real‐time analogue signal processing in spatial domain for applications in radars, electronic countermeasures, and other related areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskite like methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) with its prominent optoelectronic properties has triggered substantial concerns in photocatalytic H2 evolution. In this work, to attain preferable photocatalytic performance, a MAPbI3/cobalt phosphide (CoP) hybrid heterojunction is constructed by a facile in situ photosynthesis approach. Systematic investigations reveal that the CoP nanoparticle can work as co‐catalyst to not only extract photogenerated electrons effectively from MAPbI3 to improve the photoinduced charge separation, but also facilitate the interfacial catalytic reaction. As a result, the as‐achieved MAPbI3/CoP hybrid displays a superior H2 evolution rate of 785.9 µmol h−1 g−1 in hydroiodic acid solution within 3 h, which is ≈8.0 times higher than that of pristine MAPbI3. Furthermore, the H2 evolution rate of MAPbI3/CoP hybrid can reach 2087.5 µmol h−1 g−1 when the photocatalytic reaction time reaches 27 h. This study employs a facile in situ photosynthesis strategy to deposit the metal phosphide co‐catalyst on halide perovskite nanocrystals to conduct photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction, which may stimulate the intensive investigation of perovskite/co‐catalyst hybrid systems for future photocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]