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Keywords: exercise; gliadin; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; prostaglandin; wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis EN exercise gliadin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prostaglandin wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 359 361 3 03/15/23 20230301 NES 230301 Key messages Bread ingestion combined with exercise or aspirin increased the serum level of wheat gliadins. We measured the blood gliadin levels in patients with WDEIA during a challenge test, using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can specifically detect wheat gliadin.[[2]] As a result, the blood gliadin level increased preceding the allergic symptoms when induced by the combination of wheat ingestion and exercise, while serum gliadin was not detected or remained at a very low level in the case of the wheat ingestion alone. Blood gliadin levels were elevated for 15-120 min after gluten ingestion; however, no enhancing effects were found for aspirin, alcohol, or exercise on blood gliadin levels. [Extracted from the article]

The effect of alcohol intake on varicose veins (VV) has not been determined by its consumption level. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between alcohol intake and VV in an elderly general population. Using a cross‐sectional approach, the Shimane CoHRE Study data, comprising a total of 1060 participants, were analyzed. By multivariate regression analysis adjusted with basic characteristics, past work history, lifestyle‐related factors and medical history, compared with non‐drinkers, mild drinkers (<20.0 g/day) showed a significantly lower adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of VV (aOR = 0.64, P = 0.036). In a similar way, regular drinkers (1–5 days/week) showed a significantly lower aOR of VV when compared with occasional drinkers (aOR = 0.57, P = 0.032). VV and alcohol intake showed J‐curve relationships. In a stratified analysis by alcohol consumption levels, the association of smoking and VV were also observed in moderate to heavy drinkers and habitual drinkers. These findings can provide better understanding of pathophysiological mechanism and be used for evidence‐based patient education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varicose veins ( VV) in legs are commonly observed in the general global population. However, the prevalence of and risk factors for VV in Japan are not clear. This study aimed at clarifying the risk factors for VV in traditional rural areas of Shimane prefecture. Subjects (113 men and 205 women aged ≥45 years) were recruited from health examinations in those areas in 2012. VV were defined as a reflux of blood in the great and/or small saphenous vein and incompetent perforating veins detected by ultrasonography. Risk factors for VV were analyzed using logistic regression models that included various parameters. We also investigated the possible interaction between standing at work and overweight and calculated the synergistic index. VV were found in 20.1% of the subjects (12.4% of men and 24.4% of women). The previously known risk factors of prolonged upright standing posture during work, higher body mass index ( BMI), female sex, and age were also significant factors for VV. There was a significant combined effect of overweight ( BMI ≥25) and prolonged upright standing posture at work [adjusted odds ratio = 3.42; 95% confidence interval ( CI), 1.07-10.89], although the synergistic effect was not significant [synergistic index = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.2-8.7]. The prevalence of VV in the traditional rural area of Shimane prefecture was comparable to that reported previously in European countries. Our results confirm that exposure to both prolonged standing at work and overweight exacerbate VV development. This finding is useful to develop strategies for VV prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat ω-5 gliadin has been identified as a major allergen in wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. We have detected seven IgE-binding epitopes in primary sequence of the protein. We newly identified four additional IgE-binding epitope sequences, QQFHQQQ, QSPEQQQ, YQQYPQQ and QQPPQQ, in three patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in this study. Diagnosis and therapy of food allergy would benefit from the availability of defined recombinant allergens. However, because ω-5 gliadin gene has not been cloned, recombinant protein is currently unavailable. We sought to clone the ω-5 gliadin gene and produce the homogeneous recombinant protein for use in an in vitro diagnostic tool. Using a PCR-based strategy we isolated two full-length ω-5 gliadin genes, designated ω-5 and ω-5b, from wheat genomic DNA and determined the nucleotide sequences. The protein encoded by ω-5a was predicted to be 439 amino acids long with a calculated mass of 53 kDa; the ω-5b gene would encode a 393 amino acid, but it contains two stop codons indicating that ω-5b is pseudogene. The C-terminal half (178 amino acids) of the ω-5a gliadin protein, including all 11 IgE-binding epitope sequences, was expressed in Escherichia coli by means of the pET system and purified using RP-HPLC. Western blot analysis and dot blot inhibition assay of recombinant and native ω-5 gliadin purified from wheat flour demonstrated that recombinant protein had IgE-binding ability. Our results suggest that the recombinant protein can be a useful tool for identifying patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study on 47-year-old Japanese male with a long history of urticaria, periocular edema, and dyspnea when he exercise after eating bread. Provocation tests were done where aspirin intake with bread and stepping exercise caused anaphylactic symptoms. The article discusses wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis pre-treated with misoprostol.

Varicose veins (VV) in legs are commonly observed in the general global population. However, the prevalence of and risk factors for VV in Japan are not clear. This study aimed at clarifying the risk factors for VV in traditional rural areas of Shimane prefecture. Subjects (113 men and 205 women aged ≥45 years) were recruited from health examinations in those areas in 2012. VV were defined as a reflux of blood in the great and/or small saphenous vein and incompetent perforating veins detected by ultrasonography. Risk factors for VV were analyzed using logistic regression models that included various parameters. We also investigated the possible interaction between standing at work and overweight and calculated the synergistic index. VV were found in 20.1% of the subjects (12.4% of men and 24.4% of women). The previously known risk factors of prolonged upright standing posture during work, higher body mass index (BMI), female sex, and age were also significant factors for VV. There was a significant combined effect of overweight (BMI ≥25) and prolonged upright standing posture at work [adjusted odds ratio = 3.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-10.89], although the synergistic effect was not significant [synergistic index = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.2-8.7]. The prevalence of VV in the traditional rural area of Shimane prefecture was comparable to that reported previously in European countries. Our results confirm that exposure to both prolonged standing at work and overweight exacerbate VV development. This finding is useful to develop strategies for VV prevention., (© 2014 Japanese Dermatological Association.)