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Bone mineral density (BMD) and whole‐body lean mass (WBLM) are two important phenotypes of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Previous studies have shown that BMD and lean mass were phenotypically and genetically correlated. To identify the novel common genetic factors shared between BMD and WBLM, we performed the conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) analysis using summary data of the genome‐wide association study of femoral neck BMD (n = 53,236) and WBLM (n = 38,292) from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium (GEFOS). We identified eight pleiotropic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) (PLCL1 rs11684176 and rs2880389, JAZF1 rs198, ADAMTSL3 rs10906982, RFTN2/MARS2 rs7340470, SH3GL3 rs1896797, ST7L rs10776755, ANKRD44/SF3B1 rs11888760) significantly associated with femoral neck BMD and WBLM (ccFDR < 0.05). Bayesian fine‐mapping analysis showed that rs11888760, rs198, and rs1896797 were the possible functional variants in the ANKRD44/SF3B1, JAZF1i, and SH3GL3 loci, respectively. Functional annotation suggested that rs11888760 was likely to comprise a DNA regulatory element and linked to the expression of RFTN2 and PLCL1. PLCL1 showed differential expression in laryngeal posterior cricoarytenoid muscle between rats of 6 months and 30 months of age. Our findings, together with PLCL1's potential functional relevance to bone and skeletal muscle function, suggested that rs11888760 was the possible pleiotropic functional variants appearing to coregulate both bone and muscle metabolism through regulating the expression of PLCL1. The findings enhanced our knowledge of genetic associations between BMD and lean mass and provide a rationale for subsequent functional studies of the implicated genes in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: New catalytic systems that contain incompatible catalytic sites were constructed by the in situ polymerization of acidic and basic polymers into metal–organic frameworks, which resulted in highly porous, recyclable, and durable catalytic composites with excellent compartmentalization, so that opposing agents were spatially isolated. These synthesized hybrid catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity for one‐pot “wolf and lamb” reactions (deacetalization/Knoevenagel or Henry), which was attributed to their unique characteristic of having a locally homogeneous, but globally heterogeneous, structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of functionalized 2-substituted benzoxazoles can be prepared in good yields from amidoximes and diaryliodonium salts by selective O-arylation and sequential [3,3]-rearrangement under metal-free conditions. O-arylation of amidoximes was promoted by 3 Å molecule sieves in the absence of a base and a sequential TFA-mediated [3,3]-rearrangement was used to synthesize 2-substituted benzoxazoles. Both of the O-aryl products and rearrangement products were compatible with a broad range of sensitive functional groups such as ester, aldehyde, nitro, vinyl, amine, and amide groups in addition to halides. A bidentate N-ligand with double benzoxazoles was prepared at gram-scale in two steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel radical 1,2-formylfunctionalization of alkenes involving 1,2(4,5)-formyl migration triggered by addition of various carbon- and heteroatom-centered radicals to alkenes has been developed for the first time, thus providing straightforward access to diverse β-functionalized aldehydes with good efficiency, remarkable selectivity, and excellent functional group tolerance. Analogous transformations mediated by a keto-carbonyl migration have also been effected under similar conditions. This method was used to access ring systems including various benzannulated nine-, ten-, and eleven-membered rings, complex 6-5(6,7)-6(5) fused rings, and bridged rings with diverse functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lysosome-targeting fluorescent off-on probe has been developed by one-step synthesis for detecting lysosomal nitroreductase and hypoxia. The probe is constructed by incorporating morpholine (a lysosome-targeting unit) into 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide (as a fluorochrome and specific substrate for nitroreductase), and the detection mechanism is based on the nitroreductase-catalyzed reduction of the probe to 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide, accompanied by a large fluorescence enhancement at a wavelength of 543 nm. The probe shows an accurate lysosome-targeting ability with high selectivity and sensitivity to nitroreductase (detection limit: 2.2 ng mL−1). Notably, the probe has been used to image the change of lysosomal nitroreductase in live cells during hypoxia, revealing that the increase of nitroreductase in lysosomes may be smaller than that in the cytoplasm. In addition, the probe is expected to be useful for studying the function of nitroreductase in the acidic organelle of lysosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Vitamin D deficient patients present an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of active vitamin D analogue on cardiovascular outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease. Methods Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and article reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) that compared active vitamin D analogues with placebo or no treatment for patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease. A meta-analysis was conducted using the standard methods consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses ( PRISMA) guidelines. Reviewer Manager Software, ver. 5.2, was used. Results Seven RCTs (five studies with paricalcitol and two studies with calcitriol, 731 patients) were included. Compared with control groups, active vitamin D reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events ( RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.59), induced an increase in those with proteinuria reduction ( RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.34-2.71), but did not alter left ventricular mass index and systolic function ( MD, 0.42 g/m2.7; 95% CI, −0.23-1.07 g/m2.7, P = 0.21 for left ventricular mass index and MD, −0.33; 95% CI, −0.74-0.07, P = 0.1 for left ventricular ejection fraction). Neither systolic blood pressure nor diastolic blood pressure was reduced by active vitamin D ( MD, 0.3 mmHg; 95% CI, −4.95-5.56 mmHg; MD, −0.24 mmHg; 95% CI: −6.21-5.72 mmHg, respectively). Increased probability of hypercalcaemia after paricalcitol therapy was found ( RR, 7.85; 95% CI, 2.92-21.10). Conclusion Active vitamin D reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events and induced a reduction in proteinuria, but its long-term effect on cardiac structure and function needed further confirmation. Increased probability of hypercalcaemia after paricalcitol therapy was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cresyl violet-based fluorescent off-on probe has been developed through a one-step synthesis for the detection of nitroreductase (NTR) and hypoxia. The detection mechanism is based on the NTR-catalyzed reduction of the probe to cresyl violet, accompanied with a large fluorescence enhancement at a long wavelength of 625 nm. The probe can detect NTR in aqueous solution with high selectivity and sensitivity, and the detection limit is 1 ng mL−1 NTR. Most importantly, the probe has been successfully used to image not only NTR and hypoxia in living cells, but also the distribution of NTR in zebrafish in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In this study we aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of fast-track surgery ( FTS) combined with laparoscopy for treating patients with rectal cancer and compare the results with those of the conventional perioperative intervention group. Methods A total of 120 patients with rectal cancer were prospectively randomly assigned to the FTS combined with laparoscopy group and the conventional perioperative intervention plus laparoscopy group from November 2011 to November 2012. All patients received radical anterior resection with total mesorectal excision. Their baseline characteristics and the perioperative outcomes were recorded for analyses. Results Compared with the conventional perioperative intervention group, the fast-track protocol combined with laparoscopy could shorten the time to the first flatus (53.44 ± 23.64 h vs 67.85 ± 20.12 h, P = 0.001) and first defecation (65.23 ± 22.24 h vs 86.98 ± 24.85 h, P = 0.000) after operation, accelerate the decrease of white blood cell count ( P < 0.05), inhibit body temperature augmentation ( P < 0.05) and reduce postoperative complication rate (16.9% vs 3.5%, P = 0.030). In addition, the length of postoperative stay was also shortened (5.05 ± 1.38 days vs 6.98 ± 2.26 days, P = 0.000). The medical cost of hospitalization was also reduced in the FTS group. Conclusion FTS in combination with laparoscopy may accelerate the clinical recovery of patients with rectal cancer after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in response to cell stimulation by wear debris may be critical in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening. Erythromycin (EM), a macrolide antibiotic, has been shown to effectively suppress some types of inflammatory reactions. In this study, we examined the effect of EM on wear debris-induced osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. EM inhibited Ca+ release from neonatal calvaria co-cultured with conditioned medium from mouse RAW264.7 macrophages activated by wear debris. Inhibition of Ca+ release was associated with a decreased number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in cultured bones. To investigate the mechanism whereby EM inhibits bone-resorption, RAW cells were incubated with wear debris in the presence EM. Real time RT-CR analysis revealed that EM (5 μg/ml) significantly inhibited mRNA expression of NF-κB, cathepsin K (CPK), IL-1β and TNFα, but not RANK in RAW cells stimulated with wear debris. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay showed that EM (0.2 μg–5 μg/ml) could reduce DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in RAW cells stimulated with wear debris. The inhibition of inflammatory osteoclastogenesis by EM treatment was further confirmed by an osteoclast (OC) formation assay using primary cultures of mouse bone marrow progenitor cells stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANK ligand (RANKL). EM treatment (5 μg/ml) resulted in more than 70% reduction in multinucleated OC formation and 50% reduction of TRAP+ cells by bone marrow progenitor cells. Our findings support that EM suppresses wear debris-induced osteoclastic bone resorption by, at least, down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. It appears that EM represents a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment and prevention of aseptic loosening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The edge mura under low gray level in LCD panel edge can be reduced by decreasing the height difference of main photo spacer (PS) in active area and dummy PS in dummy area. By simulation and experiment, a factor H is proposed to evaluate and predict the edge mura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a transition-metal-free synthesis of thiocyanato- and nitro-arenes was conducted with the help of diaryliodonium salts.

Gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination/aza-Diels-Alder reaction of aminoalkynes provides either spiropyrrole azapolycycles or pyrrole-fused azapolycycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]