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The article focuses on evaluating the high frequency of stromal myofibroblasts in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) associated with an impacted tooth compared to other odontogenic cysts and pericoronal follicles (PFs). It highlights that OKCs associated with impacted teeth (OKC-a) exhibit a significantly higher number of α-SMA positive cells than those not associated with impacted teeth (OKC-na) and dentigerous cysts (DCs).

The article examines ectopic germinal centers (GCs) in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and non-SS non-sicca patients, revealing similarities in GC frequency. Topics discussed include the significance of GCs in SS severity, the diagnostic implications of marker expression differences, and the histomorphological variations between the two patient populations.

Several cases of elastofibromatous lesion affecting the oral mucosa have been reported. Clinically, these lesions may appear as small exophytic lesions or less often as white lesions. Therefore, fibrous hyperplasia and leukoplakia are not uncommonly considered in clinical differential diagnosis. Microscopically, elastic and fibrous connective tissue deposition is seen. Rarely, elastofibromatous changes can be detected when assessing intraoral lesions, including cysts, salivary gland neoplasms, and epithelial dysplasia. Here we report two oral lesions showing elastofibromatous changes, expanding their clinicopathological spectrum. The first case was a 46‐year‐old man with a history of asymptomatic nodular lesion on the palate 1 year ago, diagnosed as giant cell fibroma with elastofibromatous changes. The second case was a 79‐year‐old woman who presented a pigmented and mildly symptomatic lesion on the mandibular alveolar mucosa several months ago, diagnosed as amalgam tattoo associated with elastofibromatous changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syphilis can mimic, clinically and microscopically, many other diseases. By microscopy, typically syphilis presents with plasma cell infiltration, admixed with lymphocytes and macrophages, in lichenoid and/or perivascular/perineural distribution pattern. When exuberant, this inflammatory infiltrate can mimic a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), notably plasma cell neoplasia or lymphoma. To date, about 12 cases of secondary syphilis, all but one in extraoral location, suggesting initially a LPD, have been published. Here, to our knowledge, we report an unusual case of intraoral primary syphilis initially suggesting LPD, notably lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma); however, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and follicular lymphoma could not be disregarded. Polyclonality of plasma cells on immunohistochemistry, in strict clinical correlation, was essential to arrive at the correct diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case report of a rare finding of intraoral epithelioid and spindle cell hemangioma associated with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH). Epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is a benign vascular tumor that typically affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In this case, a 58-year-old male patient presented with an asymptomatic gingival lesion. The lesion was surgically removed, and the patient experienced complete healing after 2 months of follow-up. The article provides a detailed analysis of the histopathological features and immunohistochemical findings of the lesion. Treatment for oral EH is typically surgical excision, and the prognosis is usually good. [Extracted from the article]

Conspecific plant density and heterospecific frequency are key drivers of herbivore damage. However, most studies have investigated their effects separately and for single (rather than multiple) focal plant species.We conducted an experiment involving three tree species, namely: Cordia dodecandra (Boraginaceae), Manilkara zapota (Zapotaceae), and Piscidia piscipula (Fabaceae). We manipulated understory densities of M. zapota and C. dodecandra (focal species) and their frequency relative to P. piscipula. Three months after planting, we surveyed insect leaf chewer and sucking damage on the former two. Because these species are attacked by different herbivores, we predicted a negative effect of heterospecific frequency on herbivory.Density and frequency varied in the direction and function of their effects on herbivory depending on the plant species and attacking herbivore. As expected, Piscidia piscipula frequency had a negative linear effect on M. zapota leaf‐chewer damage, whereas conspecific density did not affect chewer damage on this species. In contrast, density and frequency had non‐linear effects on C. dodecandra chewer damage, namely positive (hump‐shaped) and negative (U‐shaped) relationships, respectively. In addition, density and frequency had positive linear effects on C. dondecandra damage by leafhoppers.These findings call for more work jointly assessing plant inter‐specific variation in density‐ and frequency‐dependent variation in herbivory and its underlying drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous hyperplasia (FH) is a reactive hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue, being considered the most common intraoral lesion. The microscopical differential diagnosis of FH/IFH presenting lipometaplasia includes lipoma, notably low-fat/fat-free spindle cell lipoma (SCL), fibrolipoma, and sclerotic (fibroma-like) lipoma, mesenchymal non-lipogenic neoplasms, such as liponeurofibroma and lipomatous perineurioma, and rare disorders such as benign symmetrical lipomatosis (BSL)[[7], [9], [11], [13]] (Figure 2B,C). Only those FH/IFH cases presenting lipometaplasia supported by typical reactive connective tissue stroma were selected. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a case report of symmetrical lipomatosis of the tongue (SLT) in a 70-year-old male undergoing palliative care for gastric adenocarcinoma and with a history of alcoholism. The patient exhibited bilateral nodules on the tongue accompanied by dysphagia symptoms. The diagnosis of SLT was made based on clinical and histopathological findings. SLT is characterized by the diffuse proliferation of adipose tissue in the tongue, resulting in gradual enlargement and various symptoms. The management of SLT involves a conservative surgical approach, often opting for partial glossectomy. Precise differential diagnosis between SLT and other similar entities is crucial for appropriate treatment and prognosis. [Extracted from the article]

Xanthomas are microscopically characterized by localized infiltrates of lipid-laden macrophages, usually on the skin and mucosal surfaces (respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts).1-8 Cutaneous xanthoma in particular may represent a localized idiopathic phenomenon or systemic hyperlipidemia.3 While several types of cutaneous xanthomas have been described in the literature,1,2 those affecting the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are usually named "xanthomas."3-8 Recent studies have also reported xanthomas at intraosseous locations, affecting the jaws.9-11 Interestingly, xanthomas, as described in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts,3-8 have not been reported in the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination (H&E stain) revealed exuberant foam cell proliferation in the superficial part, permeated by lymphomononuclear infiltrate (B, ×100; C, ×400). JXG is a histiocytic disorder with frequent cutaneous involvement.14-16 Microscopically, JXG exhibits a proliferation of histiocytes with a foamy, eosinophilic, and vacuolated cytoplasm, often admixed with Touton-type giant cells. Microscopic examination revealed exuberant foam cell proliferation, with foci of lymphomononuclear infiltrate, in close contact with normal-appearing surface squamous epithelium. [Extracted from the article]

The primary cutaneous (PC) CD8+ T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) comprise clinically and histopathologically heterogeneous entities including mycosis fungoides, lymphomatoid papulosis, hydroa‐vacciniforme‐like LPD, subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (TCL), PC acral CD8+ TCL, PC CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic TCL, and PC peripheral TCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS). We describe a 33‐year‐old man who presented with progressive facial swelling and lower lip involvement 1 year ago. Microscopy revealed an atypical small to medium‐sized lymphoid proliferation exhibiting perivascular accentuation, adnexotropism, and apoptotic cell debris, without surface epithelium involvement. The tumor cells were positive for CD3, CD8, granzyme B, perforin, MUM1/IRF4, and TCR‐BF1. The Ki‐67 labeling index was 48%. EBER1/2 was negative. Additional studies confirmed localized disease. The diagnosis favored PC‐PTCL‐NOS. Two months after completing chemotherapy, right‐sided facial nerve palsy was diagnosed. CD8+ T‐cell LPDs should be considered in the differential diagnosis when assessing facial swelling with intraoral involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia commonly affecting children with frequent somatic mutations in MAPK pathway genes including BRAFV600E and MAP2K1. Some studies suggest that LCH cells can recruit and modulate inflammatory cells, which could provide reciprocal survival signals. To characterize the immune profile of infiltrating inflammatory cells, and to clarify their participation in LCH pathogenesis, a detailed immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Fifteen (10 children, 5 adults) LCH cases were assessed through macrophage (CD68 and CD163), mature dendritic cell (mDC; CD83 and CD208), regulatory T cell (Treg; CD4, CD25 and FOXP3) and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CL; CD56, CD57, perforin and granzyme B) immunomarkers. Moreover, lymphocytic and LCH markers were also analysed. All cases were S100, CD1a, CD207 and CD4‐positive. Bcl‐2 and cyclin D1 expression was observed in 13 of 15 cases. In the immune microenvironment, M2‐polarized macrophages and Tregs were the predominant cell populations, followed by significantly (P <.005) smaller levels of mDCs and CLs. Additionally, the number of CD3 + cells was significantly higher than that of CD20 + cells. In the CD3 + cell population, there were a significantly higher number of CD4 + cells than CD8 + cells. While there were no differences when comparing the paediatric and adult populations, FOXP3 + cells were significantly higher in patients with multisystem involvement and treated with chemotherapy, than single‐site cases and those without chemotherapy. Our results suggest that M2‐polarized macrophages and Treg infiltration can promote LCH development and survival, probably through pro‐tumoral, immunosuppressive and/or cytokine‐mediated mechanisms. This work highlights the need for further exploration of immune‐targeted therapy for LCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective was to investigate the prevalence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) detection, clinicopathological features, and the severity of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).Methods: Cases of juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) (n = 36) and adult recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (ARRP) (n = 44) were collected retrospectively and subdivided into low- and high-risk severity groups based on the Derkay score. We performed HPV detection and genotyping using a reverse hybridization protocol and investigated the presence of EBV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization. CD21 levels were accessed by immunohistochemistry.Results: All samples were HPV-positive, including 49 cases of HPV 6, 26 cases of HPV 11, four cases of HPV 6 and 11 coinfections, and one case of HPV 16. EBV-DNA was detected in nine samples by PCR, although none of the cases were positive by means of in situ hybridization. CD21 immunoexpression was not statistically associated with any of the variables analyzed. HPV 6 detection was significantly higher in ARRP cases (P = 0.03), whereas HPV 11 was more prevalent in JRRP cases (P = 0.02) and was even more prevalent in JRRP cases of greater severity (Derkay laryngoscopic scale ≥20) (P = 0.04).Conclusion: The presence of EBV does not seem to play an important role in the progression/severity of RRP.Level Of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 130:E611-E618, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The role of oestrogen in craniofacial growth still remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effect of oestrogen deficiency on maxilla and mandible dimensions.Setting and Sample Population: The study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, and used forty female Wistar rats.Material and Methods: Ovariectomy (OVX) and placebo surgery (Sham) were performed when animals were twenty-one days old (prepubertal stage). Dimensions of the maxilla and mandible were assessed by craniometric analysis using radiographs, during and after puberty of the animals (45 and 63 days old, respectively). Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the expression and localization, respectively, of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in different growth sites of the evaluated structures at puberty. The differences between the groups for each outcome were evaluated using the t test with an established alpha error of 5%.Results: There were significant differences between the OVX and Sham groups for horizontal and vertical linear measurements in the maxilla and the mandible at both pubertal and post-pubertal stages (P < .05). The ovariectomized rats showed significantly greater measures for all dimensions assessed. No differences in gene expression of ERα and ERβ were identified at the different growth sites between the OVX and Sham groups (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of both oestrogen receptors in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in the midpalatal suture and mandibular condyle, respectively, in the OVX and Sham groups.Conclusion: Our results suggest that oestrogen deficiency from the prepubertal stage might increase the growth of the maxilla and mandible in female rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Some studies suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) have suppressive effects on inflammatory osteolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Treg immunomarkers in periodontitis‐affected tissues from patients with periodontitis and clinically healthy gingiva (control). Material and Methods: The presence and distribution of positive cells for CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 (Treg immunomarkers) in periodontitis‐affected tissues (epithelium and lamina propria) of 30 patients (ten per group) with a diagnosis of stage IV, grade C periodontitis (IV‐C), stage III, grade B periodontitis (III‐B) and the control were evaluated. A two‐way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD test was used to demonstrate differences between the groups and immunomarkers; Student's t test was used to demonstrate differences between the epithelium and the lamina propria. Results: Both IV‐C and III‐B periodontitis presented a significantly high proportion of immune‐stained cells for all immunomarkers when compared to the control group. Notably, CD25+ and FOXP3+ cells were detected in a significantly higher number in III‐B than IV‐C periodontitis (P <.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest the participation of Tregs on the osteoimmunological mechanisms in IV‐C and III‐B periodontitis patients, notably contributing to strategies for alveolar bone regeneration in clinical treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a female patient with craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) who in addition showed other cranial and extracranial midline defects including partial corpus callosum agenesis, ocular melanocytosis, pigmentary glaucoma, duplex collecting system, uterus didelphys, and septate vagina. She was found to have a novel pathogenic variant in exon 5 of EFNB1, c.646G>T (p.Glu216*) predicted to cause premature protein truncation. From our review, we found at least 39 published CFNS patients with extracranial midline defects, comprising congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart defects, umbilical hernia, hypospadias, and less frequently, sacrococcygeal teratomas, and internal genital anomalies in females. These findings support that the EFNB1 mutations have systemic consequences disrupting morphogenetic events at the extracranial midline. Though these are not rigorously included as midline defects, we found at least 10 CFNS patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, all females. Additionally, uterus didelphys and ocular melanocytosis observed in our patient are proposed also as a previously unreported EFNB1‐related midline defects. In addition, this case may be useful for considering the intentional search for genitourinary anomalies in future patients with CFNS, which will be helpful to define their frequency in this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient carcinomas and NUT carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms, often affecting the sinonasal region. Not uncommonly, their diagnoses are made retrospectively. Methods: Through SMARCB1 (INI‐1) and NUT immunomarkers, 643 head and neck carcinomas were assessed retrospectively. Moreover, SMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient and NUT carcinomas were additionally evaluated by immunohistochemistry, as well as in situ hybridization analysis for HPV and EBV. Results: Four SMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient carcinomas (located in lower lip, soft palate, hypopharynx and vocal cord, this latter high‐risk HPV positive) and three NUT carcinomas (all located in oropharynx) were detected, previously diagnosed as nonkeratinizing or moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. All cases showed squamous differentiation. NUT carcinomas than SMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient carcinomas showed low overall survival rate. Conclusion: The current cases expand the clinicopathological spectrum of SMARCB1 (INI‐1)‐deficient carcinomas and NUT carcinomas. Notably, the diagnosis of these cases is easily reached through immunohistochemistry, with impact on their accurate classification, treatment, and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of Potter et al,[1] few oral cases of elastofibroma, hyperelastosis, and elastofibromatous lesions have been reported in the literature.[[2]] Notably, to date, four cases clinically presenting as leukoplakia, and microscopically diagnosed as elastofibromatous changes, have been published.[[2], [4]] Here, we report two additional cases, which presented with a whitish lesion in the oral mucosa and diagnosed as elastofibromatous lesion, expanding its clinicopathological spectrum. Elastofibroma and elastofibromatous lesion of the oral cavity are tumor-like lesions composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue, which may represent a reactive process associated with friction irritation or trauma.[[1]] Several cases of oral elastofibroma[[1]] and oral elastofibromatous lesion[[4]] have been published. In summary, oral elastofibromatous lesion is a rare lesion, which can present as a mass or polyp or, infrequently, as a white lesion. [Extracted from the article]

Background: M2 macrophages are often detected in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which, influenced by hypoxic conditions, appear to have high angiogenesis‐inducing capacity. However, the effects of immunosenescence on tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and angiogenesis in OSCC are unknown. Methods: Fifty‐seven OSCCs were divided into 3 groups (I: <40 years [n = 17]; II: 40‐65 years [n = 20]; III: >65 years [n = 20]). Immunohistochemistry for CD68 and CD163 (TAMs), and CD34 and D2‐40 for microvessel density (MVD), microvessel area (MVA), and total vascular area (TVA) were performed. Results: All groups showed similar clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Similar CD68 and CD163 expression, confirmed a M2 phenotype. MVD, MVA, and TVA were similar, however, with significant predominance of blood vessels. No significant correlation between macrophage and angiogenic markers was observed. Conclusions: A similar TAM and angiogenesis profile suggests the participation of other mechanisms, instead immunosenescence, in young and elderly OSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low‐fat and fat‐free spindle cell lipomas (SCLs) are rare and often mistaken for other benign and malignant morphological mimics, because of the fact that the diagnosis relies on its non‐lipogenic component analysis. Here, we report the clinicopathological features of two oral SCLs (low‐fat and fat‐free variants). Both lesions presented clinically as an asymptomatic nodule, which initially yielded diagnostic difficulties on the morphological analysis alone. One case was diagnosed as low‐fat SCL on the lower lip in a 29‐year‐old man, and the other as fat‐free SCL on the buccal mucosa in a 46‐year‐old man. In both cases, immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for CD34 and, remarkably, retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was deficient. Mast cell (MC) tryptase and toluidine blue stain highlighted numerous MCs distributed throughout all tumor stroma. Alpha‐SMA and desmin were negative. S100 evidenced scarce adipocytes only in the low‐fat SCL case. Conservative surgical treatment was performed and no recurrence was noticed in about 2‐year of follow‐up in both cases. Because of the potential pitfalls, careful morphological analysis of the tumor stroma in the low‐fat/fat‐free SCL diagnosis, supported by immunohistochemistry (especially CD34, Rb and MC tryptase), is strongly recommended. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first and second cases reported of fat‐free and low‐fat SCL in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) form a key link between innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study is to analyze presence and distribution of immature (im) and mature (m) DCs in gingival tissue samples obtained from patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP), and clinically healthy periodontium (control group).Methods: Gingival tissue samples obtained from patients with: 1) AgP (aged <35 years); 2) CP (aged ≥35 years); and 3) control group (aged >18 years) (n = 10 per group) were collected. Two-way analysis of variance and posterior Fisher least significant difference test were used to observe differences between the means of cells positively marked for imDC (S100, CD1a, and CD207) and mDC (CD208) immunomarkers.Results: imDCs were more numerous in AgP than CP and control groups, being statistically significant only for S100+ cells. Conversely, mDCs were visualized in higher numbers in CP than AgP and control groups (both P <0.05). Considering frequency of immunostained cells, the number of S100+ cells was greater than CD207+ and CD1a+ cells, followed by a lesser number of CD208+ cells, in all groups.Conclusions: Considering that the ability of DCs to regulate immunity is dependent on DC maturation, results suggest that predominance of imDCs appears to be involved in AgP pathogenesis, probably due to lack of ability to induce immune cell activation. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of DC maturation in regulating immune responses in periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laryngeal papillomatosis (LP) is a disease that presents in both juvenile (JLP) and adult patients (ALP). This study correlated papillomatosis characteristics with the Derkay score. Methods: Retrospective data and biopsies of 36 patients with JLP and 56 with ALP were collected and separated into groups according to their scores. Results: The mean of the Derkay score, in the JLP group was 10.97 and in Group ALP was 8.26. The JLP group presented a more aggressive result than in the adult group (P = .02). In the JLP group, the respiratory difficulty (P = .01) and tracheostomy were correlated to a higher Derkay score (P < .05). Microscopically, the JLP samples presented a higher incidence of atypical mitosis and mitosis above the basal cells layer of the epithelium (P < .05) and these characteristics were correlated with a higher Derkay index (P =.03). Conclusion: Findings suggest that ALP and JLP can present different clinical courses and histopathological features. There was a higher degree of LP severity in JLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal–organic framework (MOF) HKUST‐1 was employed as an interaction matrix for fundamental loading studies of anthraquinone dyes. Chosen dyes were alizarin (A), alizarin S (AS), disperse blue 1 (B1), disperse blue 3 (B3), disperse blue 56 (B56) and purpurin (P). All materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA and SEM. Hence the interaction of dyes with the framework was characterized by theoretical–experimental differential analysis. One‐pot loading strategy resulted in more efficient scavenging of dyes, and reached 100 % for B56 using 50 mg L−1. SEM revealed important microstructural changes, the smaller crystals ranged 0.8–3 μm in size and almost all composite sizes were from this to higher values, reaching 70 μm, with varying shapes. Two composites were larger in size range (about 2500–1000 μm), and were shaped as rods, octahedrons and coffin lids. Indeed, the microstructure could be modulated depending on preparation conditions and type of loaded dye. For the higher loading series, N2 adsorption and XPS experiments were carried on to further evidence dye–MOF interactions. Ab initio prediction of structural properties for A@HKUST‐1 and P@HKUST‐1 were obtained by means of solid‐state CRYSTAL14 code at the PBE0 level of theory. Computed findings evidenced two O→Cu coordinative bonds, one from O‐ketone and the other from O‐phenolate moiety as main interactions towards CuNET centers. The dye is cast: The metal–organic framework (MOF) HKUST‐1 was employed as an interaction matrix for fundamental loading studies of anthraquinone dyes (e.g. alizarin in the picture). The interaction of dyes with the framework was characterized by theoretical–experimental differential analysis. A microstructural changes were encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the key molecule for catalyzing fatty acid synthesis and have been associated with several malignant tumors.Methods: We analyzed the expression of FASN and Ki-67, by immunohistochemistry on 29 carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPAs) and 25 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs).Results: Ki-67 proliferation index and FASN expression were significantly higher in patients with CXPA than patients with PA (P < 0.001). We found intense immunoreactivity for FASN in the malignant component of CXPAs, and these malignant areas also had intense nuclear immunoreactivity for Ki-67.Conclusions: The present results suggest that overexpression of FASN in CXPAs might be associated with malignant transformation of ductal epithelial cells and/or myoepithelial cells from PA. FASN associated with Ki-67 may be useful diagnostic markers for CXPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of atypical oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) in a 9‐year‐old immunocompetent girl treated with fluticasone propionate nasal spray for allergic rhinitis. The OHL in childhood is uncommon and should be included in a differential diagnosis of white lesions in the oral mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia ( LJSGH) is a distinct subtype of inflammatory gingival hyperplasia that shows lack of response to traditional periodontal treatment, and after surgical excision, recurrence rate of 6-16% has been reported. Case Report Two girls (11- and 9-year-old) with multifocal red patches along the maxillary and mandibular labial gingiva showed no regression of the lesions after basic periodontal treatment. Surgical excision of focal lesion in each case was performed, which showed typical features of LJSGH. In both cases, the lesions presented recurrence. Hence, cryotherapy sessions in all lesions were performed. Conclusion Cryotherapy appears to be successfully in LJSGH and well received by paediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on gingival melanoacanthoma associated with pseudomelanocytic nests. The pigmented cutaneous lesions were initially interpreted as melanoma in situ or lentigo maligna melanoma, but after careful clinicopathological correlation were reclassified as discoid lupus erythematosus, lichenoid phototoxic reaction, lichen planus pigmentosus, pigmented lichenoid keratosis.

Period-wise energy coefficients for members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC) were calculated, showing diverse behaviour among them. Behaviour of aggregate OPEC coefficients reflects the general trend among its member nations. Acceleration of transportation fuel demand fuelled high intensities in the mid-1970s. An overall economic downturn in the 1980s did not dampen demand growth, but in fact accelerated in the industrial and household, public and commercial ( HPC) sectors, thus keeping energy coefficients above 1. Energy coefficients were headed towards unity in the 1990s, before finally settling under 1 in the 2000s. We caution from interpreting these developments as improvements in efficiency, as OPEC member countries have not become 'post-industrial' as more value-added industries, infrastructure development and stability encourage consumption. Electricity coefficients can be used as a proxy for consumer behavioural efficiency, as the HPC sector is its largest consumer. After the 1990s, almost all OPEC member countries had higher electricity coefficients than energy ones, due to reasons spanning from higher urbanisation and population growth rates, to low electricity prices. This suggests that electricity use in the industrial and HPC sectors will be a major driver of future demand growth for those countries, especially as their service sector grows and their economies diversify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a report of a case of an unusual oral lesion after the placement of mini implants for the retention of a mandibular overdenture. A patient received four 2-mm-wide dental implants in the anterior mandible and had her mandibular denture relined with a soft material. After 3 months, she was not wearing her mandibular denture, and two nodular ulcerated lesions were observed near the mini implants. The lesions ceased following excision and regular denture wearing. Clinical and microscopic examination led to the diagnosis of traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE). TUGSE is rare lesion with a benign course that may occur following injury of the oral mucosa by mini implants under certain circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To our knowledge, there are nine previous reports of patients with congenital scrotal agenesis (CSA), seven of which were bilateral, and unilateral in two, also named as hemiscrotal agenesis (HSA). Here, we report a male infant with the previously undescribed co-occurrence of HSA with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC), and hydronephrosis due to vesicoureteral reflux, all of them on the left side. CMTC is a segmental vascular malformation usually attributed to mosaicism of a postzygotic mutation, whereas the mechanisms in the CSA involve a failure on the labioscrotal fold (LSF) development due to a localized 5α-reductase deficiency and/or androgen insensitivity. Since the skin with HSA was affected also by CMTC and by the fact that it exhibited lack of response to the topical testosterone treatment, all this suggests to us an androgen insensitivity mosaicism in our patient restricted to the left LSF, because skin with intact androgen receptors normally shows some type of response. Since CSA and/or HSA have been also seen in patients with PHACES, popitleal pterygium syndrome, or as part of a recently proposed familial entity with CSA (or agenesis of labia majora as its female counterpart), developmental delay, visual impairment, and moderate hearing loss, further reports could confirm this manifest genetic heterogeneity, highly evocative of somatic mosaicism in our patient. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to assess the presence of additional foramina and canals in the anterior palate region, through cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT) images, describing their location, direction, and diameter. Materials & Methods CBCT exams of 178 subjects displaying the anterior maxilla were included and the following parameters were registered: gender; age group; presence of additional foramina in the anterior palate ( AFP) with at least 1 mm in diameter; location and diameter of AFP; and direction of bony canals associated with AFP. Results Twenty-eight patients (15.7%) presented AFP and in total 34 additional foramina were registered. No statistical differences between patients with or without AFP were found for gender or age. The average diameter of AFP was 1.4 mm (range from 1 to 1.9 mm). Their location was variable, with most of the cases occurring in the alveolar process near the incisors or canines ( n = 27). In 18 cases, AFP was associated with bony canals with upward or oblique direction toward the anterior nasal cavity floor. In 14 cases, the canal presented as a direct extension of the canalis sinuosus, in an upward direction laterally to the nasal cavity aperture. In two cases, the canal was observed adjacent to the incisive and joined the nasopalatine canal superiorly. Discussion CBCT images have a crucial role in the recognition of anatomical variations by allowing detailed tridimensional evaluations. Additional foramina and canals in the anterior region of the upper jaw are relatively frequent. Practitioners should be aware and trained to identify these variations. Conclusions Over 15% of the population studied had additional foramina in the anterior palate, between 1 mm and 1.9 mm wide, with variable locations. In most cases the canals associated with these foramina either presented as a direct extension of the canalis sinuosus, or coursed towards the nasal cavity floor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Signet-ring cell ( SRC) change has not been reported in adenoid cystic carcinoma ( ACC). The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings in four cases of ACC with SRCs ( ACC- SRC), in which the relative proportion of the SRC component ranged from 25% to 50%. Methods and results The median age was 58 years (range: 48-81 years), and all patients were women. The involved sites were sinonasal, lip, and submandibular. Two patients developed lung metastasis, and one died of disease 63 months after tumour resection. Neither mucinous nor lipid substances were detected in the SRCs. These showed positive staining for AE1/ AE3, cytokeratin 14, and epithelial membrane antigen, which highlighted the intracytoplasmic vacuole borders. The SRC nests were surrounded by myoepithelial cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin and p63. The SRCs showed similar p53 positivity but lower Ki67 and mitotic indices than the conventional component. SRCs were c-Myb-negative. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the intracytoplasmic vacuoles were lumina lined by microvilli. Conclusions ACC- SRC is a non-mucin-producing and non-lipid-producing phenomenon, possibly related to disturbed differentiation of ductal/luminal cells. This cellular modification in ACC apparently does not change the biological behaviour of the tumour, but it may cause significant diagnostic problems, particularly in incisional biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is a rare benign neoplasm usually affecting the anterior dorsum of the tongue. Histopathologically, it is formed by spindle, round and/or polygonal cells embedded in a chondromyxoid matrix. Immunohistochemical positivity for vimentin, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acid protein and neuron-specific enolase are helpful to confirm the diagnosis. There are 42 cases of ECT of the tongue reported in the English language literature, three of them showing no chondroid matrix. We describe two additional cases of ECT lacking the chondroid component, exhibiting areas of reticulated myxoid and cellular pattern. Considering the microscopical features, ECT can be classified in classic and 'chondroid-free' variants, the latter including the reticulated myxoid and cellular patterns. It is important to consider that the cellular ECT usually exhibits predominance of an infiltrative atypical cellular component that may mimic a malignant tumor. Palma Guzmán JM, de Andrade BAB, Rizo VHT, Romañach MJ, León JE, de Almeida OP. Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of two cases without a chondroid component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 178-185 Background: Amyloidosis is associated with or caused by amyloid deposition. These fibrillar proteins may be deposited extracellularly causing tissue damage or impairment. Objectives: The aim of the study was to retrospectively review pathology archives in two oral diagnostic centers for cases fulfilling criteria of amyloidosis and to differentiate AA and AL types of amyloidosis. Methods: The clinicopathological features, alkaline Congo red staining, with and without pretreatment with potassium permanganate, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with anti-AA, anti-kappa (κ), and anti-lambda (λ) light chain antibodies were carried out and analyzed. Results: The search identified 14 cases. Ten patients were women and four were men, with a mean age of 58 years. Eleven patients had systemic involvement by amyloidosis (associated either with multiple myeloma or plasma cell dyscrasia/monoclonal gammopathies), while three presented the localized type, one of them associated with plasmacytoma. All cases showed positivity for κ or λ light chains (AL-amyloid) and presented resistance to the potassium permanganate pretreatment. Conclusions: Our results show that the head and neck region is preferentially affected by systemic AL-amyloidosis, usually associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. Interestingly, two cases affected by inflammatory rheumatic diseases presented AL-amyloid deposition. Moreover, even after pretreatment with potassium permanganate, which was helpful in highlighting the presence of AL-amyloid, in agreement with the IHC findings, clinical classifications should be carefully made in systemic amyloidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider a financial market with an insider that has, at time t = 0, some additional information of the whole developing of the market. We use the forward integral, which is an anticipating integral, and the techniques of the Malliavin calculus so that we can take advantage of the privileged information to maximize the expected logarithmic utility from terminal wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a reference list and author contributions for a case report titled "Gingival ulcer in a patient with psoriatic arthritis." The case involved a 70-year-old woman with psoriatic arthritis who developed a symptomatic gingival ulcer while being treated with methotrexate and risedronate sodium. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was determined to be Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU). The ulcer resolved after 30 days of follow-up, and tooth #27 was extracted due to extreme mobility after the biopsy. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose and the patient provided written informed consent for publication. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Objective: Some studies suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) have suppressive effects on inflammatory osteolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Treg immunomarkers in periodontitis-affected tissues from patients with periodontitis and clinically healthy gingiva (control)., Material and Methods: The presence and distribution of positive cells for CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 (Treg immunomarkers) in periodontitis-affected tissues (epithelium and lamina propria) of 30 patients (ten per group) with a diagnosis of stage IV, grade C periodontitis (IV-C), stage III, grade B periodontitis (III-B) and the control were evaluated. A two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD test was used to demonstrate differences between the groups and immunomarkers; Student's t test was used to demonstrate differences between the epithelium and the lamina propria., Results: Both IV-C and III-B periodontitis presented a significantly high proportion of immune-stained cells for all immunomarkers when compared to the control group. Notably, CD25+ and FOXP3+ cells were detected in a significantly higher number in III-B than IV-C periodontitis (P < .05)., Conclusion: Our results suggest the participation of Tregs on the osteoimmunological mechanisms in IV-C and III-B periodontitis patients, notably contributing to strategies for alveolar bone regeneration in clinical treatment decisions., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Prenatal exposure to methotrexate (MTX) in the first trimester may lead to fetal death, and surviving children have increased risks for cranial dysostosis, dysmorphic facies, skeletal malformations, limb defects, growth retardation, and, in some cases, developmental delay, a pattern of defects recognized as fetal MTX syndrome (FMS). We report on a male infant who, in addition to severe FMS, showed previously undescribed central nervous system (CNS) and genitourinary anomalies that contributed to the further delineation. The propositus was born to a G2, 20-year-old mother with an irregular menstrual history. The unplanned pregnancy was complicated by oral MTX treatment (5 mg/day) for suspected systemic lupus erythematosus for 14 days at the 5th week post-conception, as dated by the first trimester sonogram. In addition to the typical features of the FMS, our propositus exhibited congenital penile curvature, vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and severe CNS anomalies including semilobar holoprosencephaly (HPE). A single previous report of lobar-type HPE in an infant with FMS led us to confirm that the HPE observed in the propositus is a feature attributable to MTX teratogenicity, although the exact mechanisms of the HPE production need to be further elucidated. Also, this case serves to highlight the presence of genitourinary anomalies in patients with FMS, a fact that requires intentional searches in future patients in order to confirm this as being characteristic of the entity., ((c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)