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Bainong sterility (BNS) is a thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile wheat line, characterised by anther fertility transformation in response to low temperature (LT) stress during meiosis, the failure of vacuole decomposition and the absence of starch accumulation in sterile bicellular pollen. Our study demonstrates that the late microspore (LM) stage marks the transition from the anther growth to anther maturation phase, characterised by the changes in anther structure, carbohydrate metabolism and the main transport pathway of sucrose (Suc). Fructan is a main storage polysaccharide in wheat anther, and its synthesis and remobilisation are crucial for anther development. Moreover, the process of pollen amylogenesis and the fate of the large vacuole in pollen are closely intertwined with fructan synthesis and remobilisation. LT disrupts the normal physiological metabolism of BNS anthers during meiosis, particularly affecting carbohydrate metabolism, thus determining the fate of male gametophytes and pollen abortion. Disruption of fructan synthesis and remobilisation regulation serves as a decisive event that results in anther abortion. Sterile pollen exhibits common traits of pollen starvation and impaired starch accumulation due to the inhibition of apoplastic transport starting from the LM stage, which is regulated by cell wall invertase TaIVR1 and Suc transporter TaSUT1. Summary statement: The manuscript provides new insight into the role of carbohydrate metabolism in regulating anther development and the molecular mechanisms underlying pollen abortion in a thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile winter wheat line under low temperature during meiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The cell wall is the major interface for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, the roles of cell wall proteins and cell wall synthesis in AM symbiosis remain unclear. We reported that a novel wall‐associated kinase 13 (GhWAK13) positively regulates AM symbiosis and negatively regulates Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.GhWAK13 transcription was induced by AM symbiosis and Verticillium dahliae (VD) infection. GhWAK13 is located in the plasma membrane and expressed in the arbuscule‐containing cortical cells of mycorrhizal cotton roots.GhWAK13 silencing inhibited AM colonization and repressed gene expression of the mycorrhizal pathway. Moreover, GhWAK13 silencing improved Verticillium wilt resistance and triggered the expression of immunity genes. Therefore, GhWAK13 is considered an immune suppressor required for AM symbiosis and disease resistance. GhWAK7A, a positive regulator of Verticillium wilt resistance, was upregulated in GhWAK13‐silenced cotton plants. Silencing GhWAK7A improved AM symbiosis. Oligogalacturonides application also suppressed AM symbiosis. Finally, GhWAK13 negatively affected the cellulose content by regulating the transcription of cellulose synthase genes.The results of this study suggest that immunity suppresses AM symbiosis in cotton. GhWAK13 affects AM symbiosis by suppressing immune responses. See also the Commentary on this article by Giovanetti & Genre, 242: 1851–1853. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral metamaterials play vital roles in manipulating the circular polarization of electromagnetic waves. Although planar chiral metamaterials are believed to have no true/intrinsic chirality, the design of structural anisotropy can still create enormous circular dichroism, while the mechanism is fully explored. Here, for the first time, it is observed that strong near‐field coupling induces less chiral response in chiral metamaterials. Selective exposure methods to manipulate the near‐field coupling strength, and experimentally validate the circular dichroism difference from tailored near‐field coupling effect are leveraged, which provides strong evidence for the assumption and can be utilized for the structural design framework. Besides, using the enhanced near‐field (over 750‐fold), surface‐enhanced vibrational circular dichroism (SEVCD) for glucose enantiomers, which shows a larger‐than‐one normalized sensitivity compared with metamaterials with chiral response is demonstrated. Furthermore, The potential of SEVCD by detecting a broadband signal using arrayed metamaterials is explored. These findings pave the way toward chiroptical nanophotonic designs for potential biomedical and healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) that are the wonder material of the 21st century consist of metal ions/clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one‐ or more‐dimensional porous structures with unprecedented chemical and structural tunability, exceptional thermal stability, ultrahigh porosity, and a large surface area, making them an ideal candidate for numerous potential applications. In this work, the recent progress in the design and synthetic approaches of MOFs and explore their potential applications in the fields of gas storage and separation, catalysis, magnetism, drug delivery, chemical/biosensing, supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and self‐powered wearable sensors based on piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators are summarized. Lastly, this work identifies present challenges and outlines future opportunities in this field, which can provide valuable references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Immune factors are crucial in the development of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). This study aimed to investigate whether kisspeptin regulates immune cells at the maternal‐fetal interface and whether G protein‐coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) is involved in this process, through which it contributes to the pathogenesis of RSA. Method of study: Normal pregnancy (NP) (CBA/J × BALB/c) and RSA (CBA/J × DBA/2) mouse models were established. NP mice received tail vein injections of PBS and KP234 (blocker of kisspeptin receptor), whereas RSA mice received PBS and KP10 (active fragment of kisspeptin). The changes in immune cells in mouse spleen and uterus were assessed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The expression of critical cytokines was examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blotting, and qPCR. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the coexpression of FOXP3 and GPR54. Results: The findings revealed that the proportion of Treg cells, MDSCs, and M2 macrophages in RSA mice was lower than that in NP mice, but it increased following the tail vein injection of KP10. Conversely, the proportion of these cells was reduced in NP mice after the injection of KP234. However, the trend of γδT cell proportion change is contrary to these cells. Furthermore, FOXP3 and GPR54 were coexpressed in mouse spleen and uterus Treg cells as well as in the human decidua samples. Conclusion: Our results suggest that kisspeptin potentially participates in the pathogenesis of RSA by influencing immune cell subsets at the maternal‐fetal interface, including Treg cells, MDSC cells, γδT cells, and M2 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by global development delay/intellectual disability, delayed language development, feeding difficulties, and distinctive facial dysmorphism. It is caused by pathogenic variants in YY1. Methods: The current report describes a female patient with motor delay and a facial dysmorphism phenotype. We identified pathogenic mutations in the patient by whole‐exome sequencing and confirmed them by Sanger sequencing. Results: A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation NM_003403.5:c.458_476del (p. V153fs*97) in the YY1 gene was detected in the proband. Finally, we provide a case‐based review of the clinical features associated with Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome. A total of 28 patients with genetic abnormalities and clinical phenotypes have been reported in the literature thus far. Conclusions: The mutation site is reported for the first time, and its discovery would expand the mutation spectrum of the YY1 gene. The main clinical manifestations of Gabriele‐de Vries syndrome are developmental delay/intellectual disability, craniofacial dysplasia, intrauterine growth delay, low birth weight, feeding difficulties, and rare congenital malformations. Genetic tests are crucial techniques for its diagnosis because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Dendrobium officinale is edible and has medicinal and ornamental functions. Polysaccharides and flavonoids, including anthocyanins, are important components of D. officinale that largely determine the nutritional quality and consumer appeal. There is a need to study the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin and polysaccharide biosynthesis to enhance D. officinale quality and its market value. Here, we report that high light (HL) induced the accumulation of polysaccharides, particularly mannose, as well as anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in red stems. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that most of the flavonoids showed large changes in abundance, and flavonoid and polysaccharide biosynthesis was significantly activated under HL treatment. Interestingly, DoHY5 expression was also highly induced. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that DoHY5 directly binds to the promoters of DoF3H1 (involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis), DoGMPP2, and DoPMT28 (involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis) to activate their expression, thereby promoting anthocyanin and polysaccharide accumulation in D. officinale stems. DoHY5 silencing decreased flavonoid‐ and polysaccharide‐related gene expression and reduced anthocyanin and polysaccharide accumulation, whereas DoHY5 overexpression had the opposite effects. Notably, naturally occurring red‐stemmed D. officinale plants similarly have high levels of anthocyanin and polysaccharide accumulation and biosynthesis gene expression. Our results reveal a previously undiscovered role of DoHY5 in co‐regulating anthocyanin and polysaccharide biosynthesis under HL conditions, improving our understanding of the mechanisms regulating stem color and determining nutritional quality in D. officinale. Collectively, our results propose a robust and simple strategy for significantly increasing anthocyanin and polysaccharide levels and subsequently improving the nutritional quality of D. officinale. Significance Statement: Dendrobium officinale is edible and has medicinal and ornamental functions. Polysaccharides and flavonoids are the predominant bioactive compounds produced by D. officinale. However, the relationship between anthocyanin biosynthesis and polysaccharide biosynthesis is unclear. Our study revealed a mechanism underlying the high‐light‐induced co‐regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. officinale, improving our understanding of how plants coordinate anthocyanin and polysaccharide biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis and inheritance pattern of a Chinese Han family with hereditary spastic paraplegia and to retrospectively analyze the characteristics of KIF1A gene variants and related clinical manifestations. Methods: High‐throughput whole‐exome sequencing was performed on members of a Chinese Han family with a clinical diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia, and the sequencing results were validated by Sanger sequencing. Deep high‐throughput sequencing was performed on subjects with suspected mosaic variants. The previously reported pathogenic variant loci of the KIF1A gene with complete data were collected, and the clinical manifestations and characteristics of the pathogenic KIF1A gene variant were analyzed. Results: A pathogenic heterozygous variant located in the neck coil of the KIF1A gene (c.1139G>C, p.Arg380Pro) was identified in the proband and four additional members of the family. It was derived from the de novo low‐frequency somatic‐gonadal mosaicism of the proband's grandmother and had a rate of 10.95%. Interpretation: This study helps us to better understand the pathogenic mode and characteristics of mosaic variants, and to understand the location and clinical characteristics of pathogenic variants in KIF1A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterials have proven their ability to possess extraordinary physical properties distinct from naturally available materials, leading to exciting sensing functionalities and applications. However, metamaterial‐based sensing applications suffer from severe performance limitations due to noise interference and design constraints. Here, we propose a dual‐phase strategy that leverages loss‐induced different Fano‐resonant phases to access both destructive and constructive signals of molecular vibration. When the two reverse signals are innovatively combined, the noise in the detection system is effectively suppressed, thereby breaking through the noise‐related limitations. Additionally, by utilizing loss optimization of the plasmon‐molecule coupling system, our dual‐phase strategy enhances the efficiency of infrared energy transfer into the molecule without any additional fabrication complex, thereby overcoming the trade‐off dilemma between performance and fabrication cost. Thanks to the pioneering breakthroughs in the limitations, our dual‐phase strategy possesses an overwhelming competitive advantage in ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy over traditional metamaterial technology, including strong signal strength (×4), high sensitivity (×4.2), effective noise suppression (30%), low detection limit (13 ppm), and excellent selectivity among CO2, NH3, and CH4 mixtures. This work not only opens the door to various emerging ultrasensitive detection applications, including ultrasensitive in‐breath diagnostics and high‐information analysis of molecular information in dynamic reactions, but also gains new insights into the plasmon‐molecule interactions in advanced metamaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In brain tumor, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) spatiotemporally resolved high‐quality reconstruction which is required for quantitative analysis of some physiological characteristics of brain tissue. By exploiting some kind of sparsity priori, compressed sensing methods can achieve high spatiotemporal DCE‐MRI image reconstruction from undersampled k‐space data. Recently, as a kind of priori information about the contrast agent (CA) concentration dynamics, Pharmacokinetic (PK) models have been explored for undersampled DCE‐MRI reconstruction. This paper presents a novel dictionary learning‐based reconstruction method with Adaptive Pharmaco‐Kinetic Model Constraints (APKMC). In APKMC, the priori knowledge about CA dynamics is incorporated into a novel dictionary, which consists of PK model‐based atoms and adaptive atoms. The PK atoms are constructed based on Patlak model and K‐SVD dimension reduction algorithm, and the adaptive ones are used to resolve PK model inconsistencies. To solve APKMC, an optimization algorithm based on variable splitting and alternating iterative optimization is presented. The proposed method has been validated on three brain tumor DCE‐MRI data sets by comparing with two state‐of‐the‐art methods. As demonstrated by the quantitative and qualitative analysis of results, APKMC achieved substantially better quality in the reconstruction of brain DCE‐MRI images, as well as in the reconstruction of PK model parameter maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators via some unique methods is always a meaningful way to speed up their commercialization. However, the available approach to boost performance is mainly restricted to one physics effect based and the basic research of boosting performance via mutual coupling effects is little research. Herein, a new strategy is creatively proposed based on charge traps from mutual coupling effects, generated from g‐C3N4/MXene‐Au composites, to further promote the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator. It is found that photon‐generated carriers coupling surface plasmon effect enables composites filled into tribo‐material with visible light is an excellent value in boosting performance. The charge traps from mutual coupling effects for boosting performance are analyzed theoretically and verified by experiments. The output power of boosting‐triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) achieves a sixfold enhancement (20 mW) of normal TENG with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in ambient conditions. This work provides a profound understanding of the working mechanism of mutual coupling effects boosting the performance of TENG and an effective way for promoting TENG output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The attributes affecting happiness include endogenous material factors such as income and social comparison, and exogenous cultural factors like individual values and national ideology. And the latter is greatly affected by media in China. This study seeks to explore the influence path of media construction on happiness under cultural perspective in China. Methods: Using Chinese General Social Survey 2015 data, we apply the ordered logit model to calculate the influence of the usage of television and Internet on happiness conspicuously. Results: The use of television and Internet both have positive influence on happiness, and the influence path is that state media shapes collectivism and Internet shapes individualism. As the state‐controlled media in China, television continuously promotes nationalism and patriotism, thus strengthens audience's collectivistic value. Meanwhile, Internet which enjoys certain speech freedom in China boosts the user's individualistic value which makes a difference in promoting happiness. Conclusion: The U‐shaped effect of "collectivism‐individualism" on happiness found in this paper empirically illustrates that collectivistic and individualistic values can both facilitate happiness, and also further shows that television and Internet can enhance happiness by influencing cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional chemical sensing is highly desirable in industry, agriculture, and environmental sciences, but remains challenging due to the diversity of chemical substances and reactions. Surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy can potentially address the above problems by ultra‐sensitive detection of molecular fingerprint vibrations. Here, a multifunctional chemical sensing platform based on dual‐resonant SEIRA device for sensitive and multifunctional on‐chip detection of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA) is reported. It is experimentally demonstrated that the SEIRA sensing platform achieves multiple functions required by the PECA glue industry, including vibrational detection, thickness measurement, and in situ observation of polymerization and curing, which are usually realized by separately using a spectrometer, a viscometer, and an ellipsometer in the past. Specifically, the all‐in‐one sensor offers a dual‐band fingerprint vibration identification, sub‐nm level detection limit, and ultrahigh sensitivity of 0.76%/nm in thickness measurement, and second‐level resolution in real‐time observation of polymerization and curing. This work not only provides a valuable toolkit for ultra‐sensitive and multifunctional on‐chip detection of PECA, but also gives new insights into the SEIRA technology for multi‐band, multi‐functional, and on‐chip chemical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs play an important role in early development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell death, and are aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. To understand their function and diagnose cancer at an early stage, it is crucial to quantitatively detect microRNA without invasive labels. Here, a plasmonic biosensor based on surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) for rapid, label‐free, and ultrasensitive detection of miR‐155 is reported. This technology leverages metamaterial perfect absorbers stimulating the SEIRA effect to provide up to 1000‐fold near‐field intensity enhancement over the microRNA fingerprint spectral bands. Additionally, it is discovered that the limit of detection (LOD) of the biosensor can be greatly improved by using tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) as carriers. By using near‐field enhancement of SEIRA and specific binding of TDN, the biosensor achieves label‐free detection of miR‐155 with a high sensitivity of 1.162% pm−1 and an excellent LOD of 100 × 10−15m. The LOD is about 5000 times lower than that using DNA single strand as probes and about 100 times lower than that of the fluorescence detection method. This work can not only provide a powerful diagnosis tool for the microRNAs detection but also gain new insights into the field of label‐free and ultrasensitive SEIRA‐based biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past few decades have witnessed the tremendous progress of human–machine interface (HMI) in communication, education, and manufacturing fields. However, due to signal acquisition devices' limitations, the research on HMI related to communication aid applications for the disabled is progressing slowly. Here, inspired by frogs' croaking behavior, a bionic triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐based ultra‐sensitive self‐powered electromechanical sensor for muscle‐triggered communication HMI application is developed. The sensor possesses a high sensitivity (54.6 mV mm−1), a high‐intensity signal (± 700 mV), and a wide sensing range (0–5 mm). The signal intensity is 206 times higher than that of traditional biopotential electromyography methods. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and Morse code, the safe, accurate (96.3%), and stable communication aid HMI applications are achieved. The authors' bionic TENG‐based electromechanical sensor provides a valuable toolkit for HMI applications of the disabled, and it brings new insights into the interdisciplinary cross‐integration between TENG technology and bionics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) combined with homocystinuria, cobalamin(cbl)C deficiency type (OMIM 277400), is the most common autosomal recessive inherited disorder of intracellular cobalamin metabolism caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene (OMIM 609831), of which more than 100 mutations have been identified to date. In this study, we only identified a coding mutation in one allele at the MMACHC gene locus, and no large fragments deletion or duplication were found. Up to now, only three epimutation cblC cases were reported. We hypothesized whether the MMACHC was hypermethylated. Methods: To address this hypothesis, the entire coding region and adjacent splice sites of the panel genes involved in metabolic diseases were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq X platform, followed by confirmation via Sanger sequencing in their parents and brothers. Methylation analysis of the MMACHC was performed using an EpiTect Bisulfite Kit and methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) to investigate the role of epimutations in cblC disease. Results: We identified a clearly pathogenic single heterozygous c.658_660del, p. (K220del) mutation, which was also identified in the mother. Analysis of the MMACHC indicated a heterozygous epimutation consisting of 34 hypermethylated CpG sites in a CpG island encompassing the promoter and first exon of the MMACHC, which was also identified in the father. Furthermore, we identified a single heterozygous c.*2C>T mutation in the sixth exon of the PRDX1 (OMIM 176763) in patients and their fathers, which was the only sequence variation that segregated with the MMACHC methylation. Neither c.658_660del and epimutation in MMACHC nor c.*2C>T in PRDX1 was discovered in her brother. Conclusion: We report compound heterozygotes in MMACHC for a genetic mutation and an epimutation in cblC cases. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of two cblC cases from China caused by compound heterozygous mutations with a coding mutation in one allele and an epimutation in the other at the MMACHC locus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover image is based on the Original Article Kisspeptin prevents pregnancy loss by modulating the immunemicroenvironment at thematernal‐fetal interface in recurrent spontaneous abortion by Yanhong Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13818. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous on‐chip sensing of multiple greenhouse gases in a complex gas environment is highly desirable in industry, agriculture, and meteorology, but remains challenging due to their ultralow concentrations and mutual interference. Porous microstructure and extremely high surface areas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide both excellent adsorption selectivity and high gases affinity for multigas sensing. Herein, it is described that integrating MOFs into a multiresonant surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) platform can overcome the shortcomings of poor selectivity in multigas sensing and enable simultaneous on‐chip sensing of greenhouse gases with ultralow concentrations. The strategy leverages the near‐field intensity enhancement (over 1500‐fold) of multiresonant SEIRA technique and the outstanding gas selectivity and affinity of MOFs. It is experimentally demonstrated that the MOF–SEIRA platform achieves simultaneous on‐chip sensing of CO2 and CH4 with fast response time (<60 s), high accuracy (CO2: 1.1%, CH4: 0.4%), small footprint (100 × 100 µm2), and excellent linearity in wide concentration range (0–2.5 × 104 ppm). Additionally, the excellent scalability to detect more gases is explored. This work opens up exciting possibilities for the implementation of all‐in‐one, real‐time, and on‐chip multigas detection as well as provides a valuable toolkit for greenhouse gas sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is the most common organic acidemia in China. This study aimed to characterise the genotypic and phenotypic variabilities, and the molecular epidemiology of Chinese patients with isolated MMA. Patients (n = 301) with isolated MMA were diagnosed by clinical examination, biochemical assays, and genetic analysis. Fifty‐eight patients (19.3%) were detected by newborn screening and 243 patients (80.7%) were clinically diagnosed after onset. Clinical onset ranged from the age of 3 days to 23 years (mean age = 1.01 ± 0.15 years). Among 234 MMA patients whose detailed clinical data were available, 170 (72.6%) had early onset disease (before the age of 1 year), and 64 (27.4%) had late‐onset disease. The 234 MMA patients manifested with neuropsychiatric impairment (65.4%), haematological abnormality (31.6%), renal damage (8.5%), and metabolic crises (67.1%). Haematological abnormality was significantly more common in early‐onset patients than that in late‐onset patients. The incidence of metabolic crises was significantly high (P < 0.001) in patients with mut type than those with other types of isolated MMA. Variations (n = 122) were identified in MMUT, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, SUCLG1, and SUCLA2, of which 45 were novel. c.729_730insTT was the most frequent MMUT mutation, with a significantly higher frequency in our patients than that in 151 reported European patients. The frequency of c.914T>C in MMUT in our cohort was also higher than that in 151 European patients. MMUT mutations c.729_730insTT and c.914T>C are specific for the Chinese population. Our study expanded the spectrum of phenotypes and genotypes in isolated MMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of human keypoint localisation has been greatly improved with the development of deep neural network. In particular, recent methods that exploit multi‐scale features and cascaded networks have achieved the accurate prediction of multi‐person keypoints. These methods typically extract small‐resolution feature maps with classical backbone and then generate heatmaps through upsampling. However, consecutive striding is harmful for keypoint localisation since detail information is decimated. In this Letter, the authors present a novel network structure that uses atrous spatial pyramid pooling to generate keypoint prediction. First, atrous convolution is used in the backbone to expand the receptive field and maintain the scale of the feature map. Thus, the size of the feature map can be guaranteed to avoid too many details being removed. Second, multi‐scale features are extracted using an atrous spatial pyramid pooling module to enrich the scale information of the obtained features. Finally, instead of upsampling, deconvolutional layers are applied to construct the output heatmaps. State‐of‐the‐art results are achieved on the MS COCO 2017 keypoint database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impacts of stereo parameters in multiview synthesis for planar 3D display and presents a novel parameter adjustment method for reducing visual discomforts and geometric distortions. The proposed method combines the geometry of stereoscopic capturing system with the comfortable viewing rules for the human vision system in three steps. First, an identically sized representation between the virtual space and the display space is established, and the virtual camera parameters are derived based on the stereo geometry. Second, the scale factor between the physical space and the virtual space is computed based on the depth of focus theory to diminish vergence-accommodation conflicts. Last, the capturing and displaying parameters are adjusted according to the comfortable viewing zone and personal preference. Experimental results demonstrated that a reliable basis for multiview image synthesis and a more comfortable stereo perception can be achieved by applying the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shared‐information double stream hourglass network architecture for camera localisation is proposed. The contributions are two folds, first, the ordinary single stream decoder is replaced by double streams for regressing location and orientation of camera separately, and the information is shared at the end. Secondly, uncertainty estimation of loss to balance the error of location and orientation is used. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conditional random field (CRF)‐based framework is proposed for depth refinement. It consists of two phases: depth impainting and depth super‐resolution (SR). The CRF inference procedure uses depth information enhanced in three different ways to ensure the accurate edge of the final depth output. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the method both numerically and visually. Note that the method produces depth map with better edge than other depth impainting and SR methods do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the changing climate, asymmetric warming pattern would be more likely during day and night time, instead of symmetric one. Concurrently, the growth responses and water use of plants may be different compared with those estimated based on symmetric warming. In this work, it was compared with the effects of symmetric ( ETs) and asymmetric ( ETa) elevation of temperature alone, and in interaction with elevated carbon dioxide concentration ( EC), on the grain yield ( GY) and evapotranspiration in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) based on pot experiment in the North China Plain ( NCP). The experiment was carried out in six enclosed-top chambers with following climate treatments: (1) ambient temperature and ambient CO2 ( CON), (2) ambient temperature and elevated CO2 ( EC), (3) elevated temperature and ambient CO2 ( ETs; ETa), and (4) elevated temperature and elevated CO2 ( ECETs, ECETa). In symmetric warming, temperature was increased by 3°C and in asymmetric one by 3.5°C during night and 2.5°C during daytime, respectively. As a result, GY was in ETa and ETs 15.6 ( P < 0.05) and 10.3% ( P < 0.05) lower than that in CON. In ECETs and ECETa treatments, GY was 14.9 ( P < 0.05) and 9.1% ( P < 0.05) higher than that in CON. Opposite to GY, evapotranspiration was 7.8 ( P < 0.05) and 17.9% ( P < 0.05) higher in ETa and ETs treatments and 7.2 ( P < 0.05) and 2.1% ( P > 0.05) lower in ECETs and ECETa treatments compared with CON. Thus, GY of wheat could be expected to increase under the changing climate with concurrent elevation of CO2 and temperature as a result of increased WUE under the elevated CO2. However, the gain would be lower under ETa than that estimated based on ETs due to higher evapotranspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined the fabrication of chitosan-modified polylactide (CMPLA) to improve the cytocompatibility of PLA. Solvent volatilization was employed in this study to prepare a para-methoxymethamphetamine (PMAA)-PLA microparticle suspension. Information on the size distribution of PMAA-PLA microparticles is provided. Results of the study showed that PMAA-PLA hydrophilicity was enhanced after graft copolymerization of MAA on PLA surfaces.

An investigation on the relationship between protein adsorption and zeta potentials of a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic was carried out. Zeta potentials of the BCP ceramic particles were measured at various aqueous solutions. Bovine serum album (BSA) and its competitive adsorption with lysozyme (LSZ) on BCP were investigated using conventional protein adsorption and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods. The results showed that zeta potential and the amount of adsorbed BSA were both influenced by pH, ionic strength, Ca2+ and PO 43− concentrations in the buffers. The variation tendencies of BSA adsorption were consistent with that of zeta potentials to some extent. The co‐adsorption of BSA and LSZ on BCP was confirmed by the PAGE gel pattern. The semi‐quantitative analysis for the detected protein bands proved that LSZ had higher affinity for BCP than BSA and would preferentially bind to the surface. Electrostatic interaction played an important role in protein adsorption on the surface of the BCP ceramic particles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]