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Large‐scale hydrogen production through water splitting represents an optimal approach for storing sustainable but intermittent energy sources. However, water oxidation, a complex and sluggish reaction, poses a significant bottleneck for water splitting efficiency. The impact of outer chemical environments on the reaction kinetics of water oxidation catalytic centers remains unexplored. Herein, chemical environment impacts were integrated by featuring methylpyridinium cation group (Py+) around the classic Ru(bpy)(tpy) (bpy=2,2'‐bipyridine, tpy=2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine) water oxidation catalyst on the electrode surface via electrochemical co‐polymerization. The presence of Py+ groups could significantly enhance the turnover frequencies of Ru(bpy)(tpy), surpassing the performance of typical proton acceptors such as pyridine and benzoic acid anchored around the catalyst. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the flexible internal proton acceptor anions induced by Py+ around Ru(bpy)(tpy) are more effective than conventionally anchored proton acceptors, which promoted the rate‐determining proton transfer process and enhanced the rate of water nucleophilic attack during O−O bond formation. This study may provide a novel perspective on achieving efficient water oxidation systems by integrating cations into the outer chemical environments of catalytic centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of poly‐dioxolane (PDOL) solid‐state electrolytes by in situ polymerization is an effective way to achieve high performance lithium‐metal batteries. However, the poor electrochemical stability and safety issues of linear PDOL limit their further application. In this work, a multifunctional crosslinker has been introduced to construct a flame retardant crosslinked quasi solid‐state electrolyte (FCDOL). Due to the synergistic effect of the crosslinked network, the prepared FCDOL achieves excellent room temperature ionic conductivity (0.72 mS cm−1), high Li+ transference number (0.655), wide electrochemical stabilization window (4.8 V vs Li/Li+), and impressive performance when matched with lithium metal anodes (>4000 h plating/stripping) and high‐voltage cathodes, and the corresponding pouch cells can withstand abusive tests such as bending and cutting, encouraging that in situ polymerization of SPEs provides new insights into high‐energy density and high‐safety solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the condition of weak grid, the phase‐locked loop (PLL) is one of the main reasons for the sub‐synchronous oscillation of the grid‐connected inverter. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the PLL parameters of the grid‐connected inverter for the analysis of the inverter operating performance. This paper uses the sequence impedance model and measured impedance data of grid‐connected inverter to construct the identification function for parameter identification of PLL, and the function is calculated by particle swarm optimization algorithm to overcome the nonlinear problem of sequence impedance model. In addition, the identification frequency band is selected based on PLL parameter sensitivity to improve the parameter identification accuracy under the same impedance measurement error. At different frequencies, the positive correlation between the sensitivity of the PLL parameters and the identification accuracy is proven to determine the definite frequency band for PLL parameter identification of grid‐connected inverter. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the above research are verified by simulation and semi‐physical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving comprehensive improvement in both piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and mechanical quality factor (Qm) has become a key issue in the research of high‐power piezoelectric ceramics. Here, we focused on Mn‐doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PSN‐PT) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, where Mn‐doping is employed to enhance Qm. The effects of doping concentration and PT content on phase structure, ferroelectric, dielectric, and electromechanical properties were systematically studied. The well radius matching between Mn ions and B‐site ions facilitates the ion substitution and significantly increases the concentration of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the domain wall pinning effect. A significantly weakened mutual constraint relationship between d33 and Qm is observed in the 2 mol% Mn‐doped PIN‐PSN‐PT ceramics with tetragonal phase, which exhibits Qm exceeding 3000 while maintaining d33 higher than 320 pC/N and Curie temperature higher than 300°C, leading to the vibration velocity over 1.15 m/s. Rayleigh analysis reveals the higher intrinsic piezoelectric response in high PT components compared to that in low PT components, which was thought to be the origin for the weakened mutual constraint relationship between d33 and Qm in tetragonal Mn‐doped PIN‐PSN‐PT ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si3N4 ceramics with improved thermal conductivity and mechanical properties were prepared by carbothermal reduction and two‐step sintering. The addition of 2 wt% C led to the development of an intergranular phase YNSiO2 with reduced oxygen content. Notably, setting the pre‐sintering temperature at 1450°C promoted the formation of a rough bimodal morphology within the Si3N4 ceramics. Furthermore, an extended holding period at 1850°C resulted in additional grain growth and the elimination of intergranular phases. The Si3N4 specimens produced at 1450°C for 3 h followed by 1850°C for 8 h, incorporating 2 wt% C, exhibited a notable continuity between Si3N4 grains. The thickness of the grain boundary layer was only about 1 nm, and the N/O atomic ratio of the intergranular phase was measured to be 0.42. Consequently, the resulting thermal conductivity, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of Si3N4 specimens were found to be 101 W·m−1·K−1, 712 ± 29 MPa, and 7.7 ± 0.2 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Compared with samples without C additive and directly sintered at 1850°C for 8 h, the Si3N4 specimens produced in this work showed a significant increase of more than 50% in thermal conductivity and about 17% in fracture toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molnupiravir (MO) is a pyrimidine nucleoside anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drug. MO treatment could cause mild liver injury. However, the underlying mechanism of MO‐induced liver injury and the metabolic pathway of MO in vivo are unclear. In this study, metabolomics analysis and molecular biology methods were used to explore these issues. Through metabolomics analysis, it was found that the homeostasis of pyrimidine, purine, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and amino acids in mice was destroyed after MO treatment. A total of 80 changed metabolites were detected. Among these changed metabolites, 4‐ethylphenyl sulfate, dihydrouracil, and LPC 20:0 was related to the elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin‐6 (IL6), and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB). The levels of 4‐ethylphenyl sulfate, dihydrouracil, and LPC 20:0 in plasma were positively correlated with their levels in the liver, suggesting that these metabolites were associated with MO‐induced liver injury. MO treatment could increase NHC and cytidine levels, activate cytidine deaminase (CDA), and increase LPC levels. CDA and LPC could increase the mRNA expression level of toll‐like receptor (TLR). The current study indicated that the elevation of hepatic TLR may be an important reason for MO leading to the liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing imaging spectroscopy technology to identify methane super‐emitters plays a vital role in mitigating methane emissions in the Oil & Gas (O&G) sector. While earlier research has uncovered significant point‐source methane emissions from O&G production in the US and Canada, which are key regions with large methane emissions, a comprehensive post‐COVID‐19 survey has been notably absent. Here, we perform a detailed survey of methane super‐emitters across multiple basins of North America (Marcellus Shale, Haynesville/Bossier Shale, Permian Basin and Montney Shale) using the new Chinese Gaofen5‐01A/02 (GF5‐01A/02) satellite measurements during 2022–2023. We detect 139 individual methane plumes emanating from 122 point sources, with flux rates ranging from 519 to 16,071 kg hr−1. These emissions exhibit a highly skewed and heavy‐tailed distribution, constituting approximately 23% of the flux inversion with TROPOMI in the sample region, with a range of 13%–40%. Moreover, we observe a 66.7% reduction in methane emissions in Permian Basin during COVID‐19, followed by fluctuations until spring 2023. By summer 2023, methane emissions rebound to twice their previous magnitude (1.68 ± 0.58 Tg a−1). Using these point‐source surveys, we further quantify a regional methane emission of 2.69 ± 0.86 Tg a−1 in Permian Basin. This estimation closely aligns with top‐down inversions (2.22 ± 0.40 Tg a−1) from TROPOMI. The upscale estimation underscores the effectiveness of high‐resolution remote sensing measurements in improving bottom‐up emissions inventories and refining regional methane emission assessments. Our results highlight the potential climate benefits derived from regular monitoring and specific remediation efforts focused on relatively few strong point‐source emissions. Plain Language Summary: Reducing methane (CH4) leaks from Oil & Gas (O&G) production is crucial for abating climate change. However, detecting these abnormal CH4 emissions globally is challenging as they often occur unexpectedly. Satellite remote sensing with hyperspectral imaging spectrometer provides an effective approach for top‐down monitoring. These instruments produce CH4 plume maps, enabling the quantification of emissions. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive survey in major O&G basins of North America during 2022–2023 using the new Chinese Gaofen5‐01A/02 satellite. Through repeated observations by high‐resolution satellites, we capture CH4 emission dynamics in sample basins and quantify their contribution to regional methane budget. Our results demonstrate the value of high‐resolution satellite observations in reducing uncertainties in quantifying anthropogenic CH4 emission and supporting strategies for emission mitigation. Key Points: The new Chinese Gaofen5‐01A/02 hyperspectral satellite missions have great capability in methane mappingWe find substantial methane point‐source emissions in Permian Basin after COVID‐19 during 2022–2023Satellite‐based survey can effectively improve bottom‐up regional methane emissions inventories [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luteolin is a natural flavonoid, which exists in many plants, including onions, broccoli, carrots, peppers, celery, olive oil, and mint. Luteolin is a dietary flavonoid with potent uric acid‐lowering and antioxidant bioactivities. To date, the mechanism by which luteolin alleviates hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN) still needs to be better defined. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of luteolin in a preclinical mouse model and in vitro. Luteolin was administered in the HN mice induced by the combination of potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine to evaluate the potential renoprotective effects in vivo. The NRK‐52E cells were stimulated with adenosine for in vitro evaluation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, biochemical analysis, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were performed for the histopathologic and mechanistic investigations. The results suggest that luteolin attenuated tubular dilation and epithelial atrophy in the renal tissue of HN mice. Further, luteolin improved biochemical indicators concerning renal functions and oxidative stress in vivo. Mechanistically, luteolin reduced the renal expressions of KIM‐1 and caspase‐3. Luteolin activated renal SIRT1/6 cascade and its downstream Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant pathway. Furthermore, luteolin elevated the renal expressions of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G isoform 2 protein (ABCG2) and organic anion/cation transporters. In addition, livers of luteolin‐treated HN mice exhibited robust inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Together, our study shows that luteolin alleviates renal injury in the HN mice by activating urate excretion and Nrf2/HO‐1/NQO1 antioxidant pathways and inhibiting liver xanthine oxidase activity. Thus, luteolin may be a potential agent for the treatment of HN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work systematically investigates the orientation deviation effect on the elastoplastic deformation of a dual‐phase, nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy through a combined experimental study and crystal plasticity finite element modelling method (CPFEM). Physically based, dual‐phase microstructural model was developed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which was implemented by finite element (FE) modelling using a representative volume element (RVE) with periodic boundary conditions. An extended equivalent yield criterion coupled with CPFEM was adopted to describe the non‐uniform yield behavior induced by octahedral and cubic slip systems. The predicted results have shown that both the bulk behavior and localized stress–strain nature are orientation deviation dependent and that the first Euler angle plays a more important role in elastoplastic behavior than the second Euler angle. This study has thus advanced the basic understanding of the relationship between orientation deviation and the bulk deformation behavior of the dual‐phase nickel‐based single crystal. Highlights: Physically based dual‐phase microstructural model was constructed.The orientation deviation of [001] for nickel‐based single crystal was characterized.An extended equivalent yield criterion coupled with CPFEM was validated.The elastoplastic behavior with orientation deviation was numerically analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable attention has been directed towards cyclodextrins (CDs) in the creation of co‐assembled CPL‐active materials, owing to their intrinsic chiral host cavities and synergistic host‐guest interactions. However, achieving reversed CPL emission regulation with single‐handedness CDs moiety poses a significant challenge. In this study, we have devised a series of γ‐CD‐based host‐guest complexes comprising dual pyrene imidazolium derivatives with multiple linkers, which exhibit reversed circularly polarized emission. We have uncovered that the transformation of excimer stacking within γ‐CD/pyrene complexes contributes to the inverted CPL emissions originating from a single‐handed chiral host. This research elucidates the phenomenon of (+)‐ and (−)‐circularly polarized excimer emission (CPEE) within γ‐CD, arising from right‐ and left‐handed stacking conformations, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Established in 1962, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries boast a longer history than commonly utilized lithium–ion batteries counterparts such as LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiFePO4 (LFP) series, yet they have been slow to achieve commercialization. This delay, significantly impacting loading capacity and cycle life, stems from the long‐criticized low conductivity of the cathode and its byproducts, alongside challenges related to the shuttle effect, and volume expansion. Strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries involve improving the conductivity of the sulfur cathode, employing an adamantane framework as the sulfur host, and incorporating catalysts to promote the transformation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). 2D MXene and its derived materials can achieve almost all of the above functions due to their numerous active sites, external groups, and ease of synthesis and modification. This review comprehensively summarizes the functionalization advantages of MXene‐based materials in Li–S batteries, including high‐speed ionic conduction, structural diversity, shuttle effect inhibition, dendrite suppression, and catalytic activity from fundamental principles to practical applications. The classification of usage methods is also discussed. Finally, leveraging the research progress of MXene, the potential and prospects for its novel application in the Li–S field are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, 2D/3D heterojunction electronic devices have attracted considerable attention. As the size decreases, enhancing the speed of MOSFETs, reducing the subthreshold swing (SS), and lowering the power consumption (P) have become challenging. Therefore, in the post‐Moore era, in response to the continuation of Moore's law, junction field‐effect transistors (JFETs) based on mixed‐dimensional MoS2/GaN heterojunctions are proposed via thickness engineering. Accordingly, flat hetero interface and large potential barrier height of 5 eV across the heterojunction, an ultra‐low SS of 60.9 mV dec−1 (The Boltzmann limit is 60 mV dec−1) is achieved at Vds = 0.1 V when the MoS2 thickness is 10 nm. Additionally, a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 107 and a saturation current density (Jds) of 0.16 µA µm−1 is achieved. As the thickness of MoS2 increased from 6 to 16 nm, the working mode transitioned from enhancement mode to depletion mode. The depletion region across the channel is verified using computer‐aided design technology. Finally, an N‐type load inverter with a maximum voltage gain of 4 and a minimum static P of 25 nW is applied. Overall, the work provides a universal strategy for constructing a series of high‐performance transition metal dichalcogenide/GaN JFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic treatments with Allium® metal ureteric stent (AMUS) for ureteric strictures after kidney transplantation (KT). Patients and Methods: In a prospective manner, we gathered clinical data from 68 patients who underwent endoscopic treatments with AMUS for ureteric strictures after KT between January 2019 and March 2022. The definition of surgical success was the unobstructed drainage of the AMUS, or in cases where there was AMUS migration, occlusion or encrustation and subsequently removed, there is no worsening of renal hydronephrosis in the patient during the follow‐up period. Results: Based on the specific circumstances of the ureteric strictures, three distinct types of surgery were selected for treatment. The overall success rate of endoscopic treatments for ureteric strictures following KT was 90% (61/68) during a follow‐up period of 1 year. Surgical complications included haematuria (18%), pain (10%), urinary tract infections (7.4%), and lower urinary tract symptoms (7.4%). The incidences of stent migration, occlusion, and encrustation were 10%, 2.9%, and 1.5%, respectively. Postoperatively, significant improvements were observed in various parameters. At 1 month after surgery, there was a notable decrease in blood creatinine levels (105.5 vs 90.4 mol/L), urea nitrogen levels (6.6 vs 5.4 mmol/L), and hydronephrosis volume (64.4 vs 43.9 mL). Additionally, the serum estimated glomerular filtration rate increased from 49.5 to 64.4 mL/min/1.73 m2. The follow‐up results of patients at 1 year after surgery were similar to those observed at 1 month after surgery. Conclusions: Systemic endoscopic treatments with AMUS were found to be safe and effective for ureteric strictures after KT with short‐term follow‐ups. This technique offers a novel option for the treatment of post‐KT strictures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a small atom is induced into a larger lattice, new phonon scattering modes are aroused and thermal conductivity is significantly reduced by increased anharmonicity. This effect, called "rattling," has been reported in pyrochlores and some cage compounds, but not in α‐SiAlON. In this study, we reveal that in (Yb+Ca) co‐doped α‐SiAlON ceramics (YbaCabSi7.5Al4.5O1.5N14.5, x = a/[a+b]), the rattling effect plays a crucial role in reducing thermal conductivity. Samples with different Yb/Ca ratios (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3..., 1.0) were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600°C and their thermal diffusivity/conductivity were measured by the laser‐flash method. We found that substituting Ca2+ with smaller Yb3+ cations in Ca‐α‐SiAlON caused significant reduction in thermal conductivity. On the contrary, substituting Yb3+ with larger Ca2+ cations in Yb‐α‐SiAlON caused only slight reduction in thermal conductivity. A lowest thermal conductivity of 3.3 W/(m·K) was achieved, when x = 0.3 rather than x = 0.5 or 0.7. Further analysis of phonon scattering intensity confirmed that both intrinsic and extrinsic scatterings are enhanced in the sample of x = 0.3. This study demonstrates that by utilization of the rattling effect, α‐SiAlON, well‐known for its excellent mechanical properties, can be tuned to exhibit low thermal conductivity comparable to that of La2Zr2O7 and 8YSZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron nitride (BN) powders with near‐spherical particles of more than 10 µm were synthesized by templated carbothermal reduction and nitridation. The effects of processing factors, such as raw material mixing methods, C/B2O3 molar ratios, and carbon templates, were systematically studied, and the reaction mechanism was discussed. The experimental results showed that the integrity and morphology of the carbon templates was usually destroyed during ball milling or grinding, but preserved during magnetic stirring. The morphology of synthesized BN particles depended on the C/B2O3 molar ratio in starting reactant mixtures and gradually changed from sheet‐like to near‐spherical shape with decreasing C/B2O3 molar ratio. The morphology and size of synthesized BN particles agreed with that of the carbon templates, which means that the morphology and size of synthesized BN particles can be tailored by controlling that of the carbon template. The BN near‐spherical particles synthesized in this work may be used as thermally conductive fillers for electronic packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Essential oils extracted from cinnamon bark and oregano are rich in cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol and show potential for promoting animal performance. However, their impact on rumen biohydrogenation and the fatty acid composition of meat has not been reported. The hypothesis of this study was that a blend of essential oils rich in cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol would inhibit rumen biohydrogenation and promote the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lamb meat. The present study evaluated the effect of a blend essential oil (EO) rich in cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol on the nutrient digestibility, rumen biohydrogenation, growth performance, and fatty acid profile of the longissimus lumborum of lambs. RESULTS: Sixty male lambs with an average age of 84 ± 0.98 days and initial body mass of 25.4 ± 0.29 kg (mean ± standard deviation) were assigned randomly to four diets, and supplemented with 0 (EO0), 30 (EO30), 60 (EO60), and 120 (EO120) mg kg−1 dry matter of EO for 60 days. Although dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility all showed a linear decrease (P ≤ 0.02) with increasing quantities of EO, final body mass and average daily gain increased linearly (P = 0.04), and average daily weight gain (ADG)/dry matter intake (DMI) tended to increase linearly (P = 0.07). Increasing EO supplementation resulted in a linear decrease in total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetate molar percentage, and acetate‐to‐propionate ratio (P ≤ 0.03), with the EO120 treatment being lower than the other EO treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Seven lambs from the EO120 treatment and seven lambs from the EO0 treatment were randomly slaughtered. It was observed that the proportions of C18:2n6c and PUFA in longissimus lumborum were higher in the EO120 treatment than the EO0 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen was decreased by the EO120 treatment in comparison with the EO0 treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the predicted relative abundances of genes encoding for conjugated linoleic acid reductase tended to decrease with the EO120 treatment (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that supplementation of the EO blend rich in cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol can enhance lamb growth performance and promote the deposition of desirable PUFAs in meat. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is an extremely rare and unique malignant gastric tumor with a significantly worse prognosis than non‐hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (non‐HAS). The present study explored the clinicopathological features of HAS and non‐HAS patients to provide insights into HAS treatment strategies. Methods: From December 26, 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase.com databases for relevant studies. Two authors independently screened the studies, evaluated their quality, extracted data, and performed the analyses. This study was registered with PROSPERO on January 2, 2024. Results: Nine retrospective studies were included for analysis after screening 833 articles. A total of 350 and 924 patients were enrolled in the HAS and non‐HAS groups, respectively. While no significant differences were observed in age, sex, tumor size, T3 or T4 stage, and N2 or N3 stage between the two groups, the HAS group exhibited higher rates of lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.19–3.13, p = 0.007), liver metastasis (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.26–5.28, p < 0.001), and vascular invasion (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 2.05–3.71, p < 0.001). Additionally, the HAS group had lower 3‐year survival rates (HR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.70–3.25, p < 0.001) and 5‐year survival rates (HR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.49–8.88, p = 0.005), but lower rates of lymphatic permeation (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.99, p = 0.040). Conclusion: Based on the current clinical evidence, patients with HAS present distinct clinicopathological features, greater invasiveness, and poorer prognosis than non‐HAS patients. Further research is warranted to develop optimal treatment strategies for HAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional non‐layered tellurene (Te) can serve as a promising candidate in transistor applications because of its high carrier mobility and air stability. However, it is still quite challenging in aspect of ultra‐thin channel and gate‐control ability in conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor architecture. This work proposes a facile thinning strategy for solution‐proceed Te flakes and fabricates a junction field‐effect transistor (JFET) architecture, that has well addressed the above‐mentioned two issues. Through a mild oxidative thinning process, the post‐growth Te flakes are thinned from bulk to few‐layer, guaranteeing the highly efficient electrostatic doping as a transistor channel. Then, a four‐terminal JFET‐based on p‐Te and n‐ReS2 is designed, achieving a multifunctional integration of rectification diode, p‐ and n‐channel transistor in one single device. By accessing different contact scheme, the ReS2/Te p‐n diode is explored with a rectification ratio of 103, the p‐channel JFET exhibits a high hole mobility of 317.6 cm2V−1s−1, ideal low subthreshold swing of 84 mV dec−1. While the n‐channel JFET is obtained with electron mobility of 67.6 cm2 V−1s−1 and SS of 229 mV dec−1. Both p‐ and n‐channel devices showcase clear saturation characteristic with ultra‐small pinch‐off voltage (≈0.4 V), which is crucial for low‐power logical and integrated circuit applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosing individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) accurately faces great challenges in clinical practice, primarily due to the data's high heterogeneity and limited sample size. To tackle this issue, the authors constructed a deep graph convolutional network (GCN) based on variable multi‐graph and multimodal data (VMM‐DGCN) for ASD diagnosis. Firstly, the functional connectivity matrix was constructed to extract primary features. Then, the authors constructed a variable multi‐graph construction strategy to capture the multi‐scale feature representations of each subject by utilising convolutional filters with varying kernel sizes. Furthermore, the authors brought the non‐imaging information into the feature representation at each scale and constructed multiple population graphs based on multimodal data by fully considering the correlation between subjects. After extracting the deeper features of population graphs using the deep GCN(DeepGCN), the authors fused the node features of multiple subgraphs to perform node classification tasks for typical control and ASD patients. The proposed algorithm was evaluated on the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I) dataset, achieving an accuracy of 91.62% and an area under the curve value of 95.74%. These results demonstrated its outstanding performance compared to other ASD diagnostic algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Ultra)high‐pressure metamorphic rocks provide valuable insights into the properties of slab‐derived fluids. Here, we report CH4‐rich fluid inclusions in garnet of a metapelite from the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite, western Alps. Two types of metapelite, a CH4‐bearing pelitic schist and a calcareous pelitic schist, were investigated to unravel favorable P‐T‐fO2 conditions for preservation of CH4 in high‐pressure metapelite. In the CH4‐bearing pelitic schist, CH4‐rich fluid inclusions exclusively occur in the core of garnet (GrtI) rather than the rim (GrtII). GrtI records P‐T conditions of ∼2.85 GPa and ∼555°C, whereas GrtII records a prograde P‐T path from ∼1.75 GPa at 510°C to ∼2.0 GPa at 530°C. Compositional profile of garnet in the calcareous pelitic schist reflects a prograde metamorphic path from ∼1.9 GPa at 510°C to ∼2.12 GPa at 545°C. CH4‐rich fluid formation may primarily rise from graphite reduction at high‐pressure reduced conditions (ΔFMQ −3.5 to −4, 2.85 GPa, ∼550°C), while graphite and carbonates stabilize in a relatively oxidized environment (ΔFMQ ∼0, 2.12 GPa, 545°C). The initial redox budget of subducted sediments is primarily controlled by the amount of sedimentary carbonate and organic carbon, which plays the most important role in deciding the carbon speciation at different subduction depths. CH4 formation in COH fluids could primarily be attributed to the reduction of graphite. Subducted metasediments act as conduits for transporting non‐oxidized fluids to arc magmas, which provides crucial evidence to support the heterogeneity for slab‐derived COH fluids and offers new insights into the deep carbon cycle. Plain Language Summary: Subducting slab releases COH fluids at different depths, which can metasomatize and enrich the overlying mantle wedge and lead to changes in the nature of the arc magma source. However, due to the complex redox state of the subduction zone, the properties of the COH fluids released from the slab are not well understood. Carbon, as a crucially redox‐sensitive element, its speciation serves as a significant indicator of the redox state within the subducting slab. We discovered numerous graphite and CH4 fluid inclusions within garnet in high‐pressure metasedimentary rocks. These findings suggest that subducting slabs may possess more reduced properties, potentially releasing non‐oxidized fluids. We also selected another metapelite sample without methane but with graphite and carbonate for comparative analysis. We determined P‐T conditions of the metamorphic peak stage through detailed thermodynamic modeling and estimated the oxygen fugacity at this stage. Our findings show that graphite and methane are stable in a highly reduced environment, whereas coexistence of graphite and carbonate occurs in a more oxidized environment. The formation of CH4 likely results from the reduction of graphite with fluid. These observations highlight the heterogeneity of slab‐derived fluids and the complex redox properties of the subducting slab. Key Points: CH4‐rich fluid inclusions can be preserved in high‐pressure metapelite from oceanic subduction zoneCH4 formation in COH fluids could primarily be attributed to the reduction of graphiteLow‐redox budget carbon‐bearing sediments are favorable for forming a reduced condition as the slab descends, facilitating CH4 generation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radix Aconiti Lateralis (Fuzi), a mono‐herbal preparation of Aconitum herbs in the genus Aconitum, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat critical illnesses. The curative effect of Fuzi is remarkable. However, the toxic effects of Fuzi are still a key clinical focus, and the substances inducing nephrotoxicity are still unclear. Therefore, this study proposes a research model combining "in vitro and in vivo component mining‐virtual multi‐target screening‐active component prediction‐literature verification" to screen potential nephrotoxic substances rapidly. Method: The UHPLC‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS analysis method was used for the correlation analysis of Fuzi's in vitro–in vivo chemical substance groups. On this basis, the key targets of nephrotoxicity were screened by combining online disease databases and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The computer screening technique was used to verify the binding mode and affinity of Fuzi's components with nephrotoxic targets. Finally, the potential material basis of Fuzi‐induced nephrotoxicity was screened. Results: Eighty‐one Fuzi components were identified. Among them, 35 components were absorbed into the blood. Based on the network biology method, 21 important chemical components and three potential key targets were screened. Computer virtual screening revealed that mesaconine, benzoylaconine, aconitine, deoxyaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, and hypaconitine may be potential nephrotoxic substances of Fuzi. Conclusions: Fuzi may interact with multiple components and targets in the process of inducing nephrotoxicity. In the future, experiments can be designed to explore further. This study provides a reference for screening Fuzi nephrotoxic components and has certain significance for the safe use of Fuzi. The study screened 21 components of Fuzi for potential nephrotoxicity. These components induce renal injury in rats by acting on multiple targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Potato flour/gelatine films in different ratios (6:0, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1) were prepared and their properties were examined in this study. Potato flour film‐forming dispersion without gelatine showed the highest particle size and apparent viscosity. As the gelatine concentration increased, the composite films became smoother and more transparent. Gelatine incorporated with potato flour films reduced the retrogradation enthalpy and glass transition temperature, leading to the low tensile strength and high elongation at break. Although water content and water solubility index increased with the higher gelatine concentration, water vapour permeability of composite films decreased from 14.59 × 10−13 gm−1s−1Pa−1 to 5.83 × 10−13 gm−1s−1Pa−1. In addition, it was noted that water contact angle increased from 24.50° to 102.33° as gelatine concentration increased from 0% (6:0) to 50% (1:1). According to these findings, potato flour film with the presence of gelatine showed the better moisture barrier properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of plastic waste poses a pressing environmental challenge. Catalytic conversion stands out as an ideal approach for plastics upcycling, particularly through solar‐driven plastics photoreforming. However, due to the common effects of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS), selectively generating high‐value chemicals becomes challenging. In this study, we developed a universal strategy to achieve >85 % selective production of diesel olefins (C15–C28) from polyolefin waste plastics via single ROS. Using tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin supramolecular (TCPP) with different central metals as an example to regulate single ROS generation, results show Ni‐TCPP facilitates triplet exciton production, yielding 1O2, while Zn‐TCPP generates ⋅O2− due to its strong built‐in electric field (IEF). 1O2 directly dechlorinates polyvinyl chloride (PVC) due to the electro‐negativity of chlorine atoms and the low dissociation energy of C−Cl bonds, while ⋅O2− promotes direct dehydrogenation of polyethylene (PE) due to the electro‐positivity of hydrogen atoms and the high dissociation energy of C−H bonds. This method is universally applicable to various single ROS systems. Installation experiments further affirm the application potential, achieving the highest diesel olefin production of 76.1 μmol h−1. Such a universally adaptive approach holds promise for addressing the global plastic pollution problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In eukaryotic cells, heterochromatin is typically composed of tandem DNA repeats and plays crucial roles in gene expression and genome stability. It has been reported that silencing at individual units within tandem heterochromatin repeats exhibits a position‐dependent variation. However, how the heterochromatin is organized at an individual repeat level remains poorly understood. Using a novel genetic approach, our recent study identified a conserved protein Rex1BD required for position‐dependent silencing within heterochromatin repeats. We further revealed that Rex1BD interacts with the 14‐3‐3 protein to regulate heterochromatin silencing by linking RNAi and HDAC pathways. In this review, we discuss how Rex1BD and the 14‐3‐3 protein coordinate to modulate heterochromatin organization at the individual repeat level, and comment on the biological significance of the position‐dependent effect in heterochromatin repeats. We also identify the knowledge gaps that still need to be unveiled in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma fluctuations, the uncertainty of laser ablation, and bremsstrahlung limit the identification of online element analysis during laser processing and cause difficulty in achieving concentration results with sufficient accuracy and repeatability. A laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) online monitoring system with plasma spatial filtering and spectral screening is proposed to solve this problem. In this system, the high‐frequency ablation noise component of the plasma is eliminated using a specially designed optical Fourier filtering structure, and a spectral screening system based on plasma time waveform monitoring is used to suppress the influence of plasma fluctuations. Without noise filters or algorithm optimizations and based only on the basic internal standard method, the calibration curves of all nine elements in the alloy sample exhibits a Pearson's R2 value ranged from 0.91 to 0.99, with a mean of 0.94. The relative standard deviations are all in the range of 3.5%–8.4% with a mean of 5.4%. The accuracy and repeatability are comparable to those of typical LIBS systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent itching and incessant scratching are commonly observed in various chronic inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The persistent and prolonged nature of pruritus can worsen one's quality of life. Keratinocytes (KCs), the predominant cells of the epidermis, have been confirmed to interact with sensory neurons and immune cells and be involved in chronic skin inflammatory diseases associated with pruritus. Initially, KCs and sensory neurons form a unique synapse‐like connection within the epidermis, serving as the structural foundation for their interaction. Additionally, several receptors, including toll‐like receptors and protease‐activated receptor 2, expressed on KCs, become activated in an inflammatory milieu. On the one hand, activated KCs are sources of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors, such as adenosine triphosphate, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and nerve growth factor, which directly or indirectly participate in stimulating sensory neurons, thereby contributing to the itch sensations. On the other hand, KCs also function as primary transducers alongside intraepidermal nerve endings, directly initiating pruritic responses. This review summarizes the current literature and highlights the critical role of KCs in the development and persistence of chronic itch in inflammatory skin disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly dense α‐silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics were densified at a lower temperature of 1450°C under a moderate mechanical pressure of 50 MPa from commercial α‐Si3N4 powder and with conventional Al2O3–Y2O3 sintering additives. The fabricated α‐Si3N4 ceramics exhibited a hardness of 19 GPa, which is higher than that of the β‐Si3N4 ceramics usually obtained. The effect of sintering temperature and sintering pressure in the liquid phase sintering of the α‐Si3N4 ceramics is studied. The role of the dissolution–reprecipitation process and the particle rearrangement during densification of the α‐Si3N4 ceramics is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fructus Tribuli, the dried ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris L., has various beneficial effects, including liver‐calming and depression‐relieving effects. Raw Fructus Tribuli (RFT) and stir‐fried Fructus Tribuli (SFT) are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition (Ch. P 2020). However, owing to the lack of specific regulations on SFT‐processing parameters in Ch. P 2020, it is difficult to ensure the quality of commercially available SFT. Objective: The present study aimed to screen the quality markers (Q‐markers) of RFT and SFT and optimize the processing technology of SFT based on the identified Q‐markers. Methods: First, the ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) technology as well as multiple statistical analysis along with network pharmacology was used to comprehensively identify the Q‐markers of RFT and SFT. Then, based on single‐factor experiments, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the processing technology of SFT and perform process validation. Results: A total of 63 components were identified in RFT and SFT extracts. Terrestrosin D and Terrestrosin K were initially considered the Q‐markers of RFT and SFT, respectively. The optimum processing technology conditions were 208°C, 14 min, and 60 r·min−1. Three batches of process validation were performed, and the mean composite score was 56.87, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) value of 1.13%. Conclusion: The content of steroidal saponin components in RFT was significantly different before and after stir‐frying. Terrestrosin D and Terrestrosin K were validated as the Q‐markers of RFT and SFT, respectively. The identification of Q‐markers for RFT and SFT offered a clear index for optimizing the SFT‐processing technology and provided a basis for the quality control of RFT and SFT decoction pieces. The content of steroidal saponin components in RFT was significantly different before and after stir‐frying. A total of 63 components were identified in RFT and SFT extracts. Terrestrosin D and Terrestrosin K were initially considered the Q‐markers of RFT and SFT, respectively. The identification of Q‐markers for RFT and SFT offered a clear index for optimizing the SFT‐processing technology and the optimum processing technology conditions were 208°C, 14 min, and 60 r·min−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preferential flow (PF) processes are governed by subsurface soil structures at various scales. Still, model validation and mechanistic understanding of PF are very lacking. We hypothesize that PF at hillslope and larger scales cannot be described and quantified when neglecting small‐scaled spatially variable processes and simplifying the model dimensionality. The objective was to learn from comparing simulation results of multidimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) and multiscale (pedon, catena, and catchment) modeling approaches with comprehensive datasets, and so as to evaluate PF simulations based on the Richards' equation (solved by the HYDRUS software). Results showed limited alignment between 1D simulations and soil moisture data, mainly affected by vertical changes in porosity, permeability, and precipitation features. 2D and 3D simulations outperformed 1D models. 3D simulations provided satisfactory description of PF dynamics at the pedon scale, considering accurate representations of soil and bedrock structures for three dimensions (vertical, horizontal, and surrounding area). In 2D simulations at the pedon scale, models incorporating dual‐porosity and anisotropy of soils yielded more accurate predictions of water dynamics than single‐porosity and isotropic models. Furthermore, the application of 2D simulation at the catena scale identify PF pathways owing to the enhanced representation of the hydraulic connectivity between different locations along the slope. The results confirmed the significance of multidimensional and multiscale modeling approaches for PF simulations in hillslope hydrology. Considering the complexity and parameterization of 2D and 3D "bottom‐up" physically based models in representing spatial variability within and between soil profiles and/or underlying bedrock geology, the results contribute to creating a modeling framework applicable to identify the PF processes and thus their implications in managing water resources. Core Ideas: The 3D model was better than 2D model to detect the preferential flow.A dual‐porosity or anisotropy model produced more accurate predictions than a single‐porosity or isotropy model.A model domain that considered fractured bedrock performed better than without it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple lines of evidence confirm a widespread increase in vegetation growth across China over the past few decades. The relationship between vegetation growth and water availability is thought to be becoming stronger under climate change, that is, water constraints on vegetation growth have been increasing. However, our understanding of how water constraints have influenced these vegetation greening trends, especially those climate change‐driven ones, remains limited. Here, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of recent water constraints and their implications for vegetation growth in China between 1982 and 2015. By analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns of the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability, we reveal recent water constraints and their changes hidden within an overall greening trend in China. Further analysis demonstrates that two climate change‐related categories, defined broadly as "climate" (e.g., air temperature, precipitation, and so on) and "CO2" (i.e., atmospheric carbon dioxide), have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraints. With increasing water constraints, the proportion of the climate‐dominated area has significantly risen, while that of the CO2‐dominated area has sharply declined. Our findings highlight that water constraints can mediate the dominance of climate and atmospheric CO2 on vegetation growth. This has the great potential to exacerbate the uncertainty surrounding current and future sustainable vegetation greening trends. Plain Language Summary: China's vegetation growth has shown a broad increase under climate change and human activities over the past few decades. At the same time, changes in vegetation water demand, terrestrial water availability, and climatic factors are expected to lead to increasing water constraints on vegetation growth. However, whether water constraints have influenced climate change‐driven vegetation greening trends remains unclear. In this study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of recent water constraints and their implications for vegetation growth in China between 1982 and 2015. To do this, we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of the relationship between vegetation growth and water availability to reveal recent water constraints hidden within China's vegetation greening. Further analysis shows that climate and atmospheric CO2 have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraints. With increasing water constraints, more regions become climate‐dominated and fewer become CO2‐dominated. Overall, our findings highlight that water constraints can mediate the dominance of climate and atmospheric CO2 on vegetation growth. This will help decision‐makers recognize the uncertainty of sustainable vegetation greening trends. Key Points: We reveal recent water constraints and their changes hidden within China's widespread vegetation greeningClimate and atmospheric CO2 have exerted varying levels of importance in regulating vegetation growth across different water constraintsWith increasing water constraints, more of China's vegetated regions become climate‐dominated and fewer become CO2‐dominated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chronological age (CAge), biological age (BAge), and accelerated age (AAge) are all important for aging‐related diseases. CAge is a known risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); However, the evidence of association of BAge and AAge with BPH is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CAge, Bage, and AAge with BPH in a large prospective cohort. Method: A total of 135,933 males without BPH at enrolment were extracted from the UK biobank. We calculated three BAge measures (Klemera–Doubal method, KDM; PhenoAge; homeostatic dysregulation, HD) based on 16 biomarkers. Additionally, we calculated KDM‐BAge and PhenoAge‐BAge measures based on the Levine method. The KDM‐AAge and PhenoAge‐AAge were assessed by the difference between CAge and BAge and were standardized (mean = 0 and standard deviation [SD] = 1). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the associations of CAge, Bage, and AAge with incident BPH risk. Results: During a median follow‐up of 13.150 years, 11,811 (8.690%) incident BPH were identified. Advanced CAge and BAge measures were associated with an increased risk of BPH, showing threshold effects at a later age (all P for nonlinearity <0.001). Nonlinear relationships between AAge measures and risk of BPH were also found for KDM‐AAge (P = 0.041) and PhenoAge‐AAge (P = 0.020). Compared to the balance comparison group (−1 SD < AAge < 1 SD), the accelerated aging group (AAge > 2 SD) had a significantly elevated BPH risk with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.115 (95% CI, 1.000–1.223) for KDM‐AAge and 1.180 (95% CI, 1.068–1.303) for PhenoAge‐AAge, respectively. For PhenoAge‐AAge, subgroup analysis of the accelerated aging group showed an increased HR of 1.904 (95% CI, 1.374–2.639) in males with CAge <50 years and 1.233 (95% CI, 1.088–1.397) in those having testosterone levels <12 nmol/L. Moreover, AAge‐associated risk of BPH was independent of and additive to genetic risk. Conclusions: Biological aging is an independent and modifiable risk factor for BPH. We suggest performing active health interventions to slow biological aging, which will help mitigate the progression of prostate aging and further reduce the burden of BPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the safety and efficacy of an anti–CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibody (CS1002) as monotherapy and in combination with an anti–PD‐1 monoclonal antibody (CS1003) in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. Methods: The phase 1 study involved phase 1a monotherapy dose‐escalation (part 1) and phase 1b combination therapy dose escalation (part 2) and expansion (part 3). Various dosing schedules of CS1002 (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks, or 3 mg/kg every 9 weeks) were evaluated with 200 mg CS1003 every 3 weeks in part 3. Results: Parts 1, 2, and 3 included a total of 13, 18, and 61 patients, respectively. No dose‐limiting toxicities or maximum tolerated doses were observed. Treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 30.8%, 83.3%, and 75.0% of patients in parts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were experienced by 15.4%, 50.0%, and 18.3% of patients in each part. Of 61 patients evaluable for efficacy, 23 (37.7%) achieved objective responses in multiple tumor types. Higher objective response rates were observed with conventional and high‐dose CS1002 regimens (1 mg/kg every 3 weeks or 3 mg/kg every 9 weeks) compared to low‐dose CS1002 (0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks) in microsatellite instability‐high/mismatch repair‐deficient tumors, melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (50.0% vs. 58.8%, 14.3% vs. 42.9%, and 0% vs. 16.7%). Conclusion: CS1002, as monotherapy, and in combination with CS1003, had a manageable safety profile across a broad dosing range. Promising antitumor activities were observed in patients with immune oncology (IO)‐naive and IO‐refractory tumors across CS1002 dose levels when combined with CS1003, supporting further evaluation of this treatment combination for solid tumors. Plain Language Summary: CS1002 is a human immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of CTLA‐4 with its ligands and increases T‐cell activation/proliferation. CS1003, now named nofazinlimab, is a humanized, recombinant IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between human PD‐1 and its ligands.In this original article, we determined the safety profile of CS1002 as monotherapy and in combination with CS1003. Furthermore, we explored the antitumor activity of the combination in anti–programmed cell death protein (ligand)‐1 (PD‐[L]1)‐naive microsatellite instability‐high/mismatch repair‐deficient (MSI‐H/dMMR) pan tumors, and anti–PD‐(L)1‐refractory melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).CS1002 in combination with CS1003 had manageable safety profile across a broad dosing range and showed promising antitumor activities across CS1002 dose levels when combined with CS1003. This supports further assessment of CS1002 in combination with CS1003 for the treatment of solid tumors. This was a phase 1a/1b, dose‐escalation and dose‐expansion study evaluating the safety and efficacy of an anti–CTLA‐4 monoclonal antibody (CS1002) as monotherapy and in combination with an anti–PD‐1 monoclonal antibody (CS1003/nofazinlimab), in patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors. Promising antitumor activities were observed in heavily pretreated patients with immune oncology (IO)‐naive and IO‐refractory tumors across CS1002 dose levels when combined with CS1003, which supports further assessment of CS1002 in combination with CS1003 for the treatment of solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the adsorption and reusability of polypropylene (PP) fiber membranes, the organically modified saponite (Sap@P(St‐co‐MMA)) was prepared by solution polymerization. Furthermore, PP‐based nanocomposite fiber membranes with strong oil adsorption, thermal stability, and reusability were prepared via melt‐blown technology. The increased specific surface area of PP‐based nanocomposite fiber membranes (PP‐1.5%) provided more active sites for the oil adsorption. Simultaneous rheology and Fourier transform infrared measurements tests showed that Sap@P(St‐co‐MMA) enhanced the crystallinity of PP matrix, promoted the regular arrangement of molecules, and improved the intermolecular interaction force, which was beneficial for the oil adsorption. The adsorption of PP‐1.5% (1.5 wt% addition of Sap@P(St‐co‐MMA)) fiber membrane for xylene and kerosene reached a maximum of 15.84 and 22.84 g g−1, respectively. In the treatment of coal tar wastewater, the removal rate of oil can reach 62.9%, and the removal rate can still reach 51.17% after five cycles of experiments. In summary, PP‐1.5% fiber membrane does not produce secondary pollution to the environment, and is a kind of oil removal material with good application prospect. Highlights: PP‐based nanocomposites fiber membrane with strong oil adsorption was prepared.Organically modified saponite had strong heterogenous nucleation for PP matrix.Sap@P(St‐co‐MMA) increased the specific surface area of PP‐based fiber membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic radical luminescent materials have attracted worldwide attention because of their absolute spin‐allowed radiative transition and sensitivity to the environment, which give it multiple stimulus response properties. Nowadays, how to regulate and utilize the sensitivity of radicals has become a hot and difficult issue. Here, arylphosphonium bromide salts are introduced into the molecular backbone of naphthimide (NMI) using an intramolecular counterion strategy, and prepared a novel multifunctional stabilized radical luminescent: TPP‐o‐3OMe‐NMI‐Br. Interestingly, this molecule exhibits different assembly modes in different solvents, resulting in the generation of two crystals with different fluorescence (green: G‐C; orange–yellow: Y‐C), in which the Y‐C crystalline powder exhibits excellent stabilization properties for doublet and triplet excitons, which induce the emission of orange–yellow radical afterglow, and exhibits multi‐stimuli responsiveness to external pressure (P), temperature (T) and water (W). Moreover, interesting time‐dependent photoactivated colorful fluorescence and orange–yellow radical afterglow can be observed in TPP‐o‐3OMe‐NMI‐Br@PMMA films with different doping ratios and exhibit multi‐color tunability, multiple stimulus responses, multiple data encryption, and optical information erase/write behavior. This study not only broadens the types and applications of organic radical long afterglow materials but also provides new ideas for designing new organic "chameleon" luminescent materials in the field of smart luminescence materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent materials with emissions at specific wavelengths, which have a relatively lower proportion of emissions in the solar spectrum, have great prospects for use in production and daily life. In this study, SrGaB2O7 deep‐blue phosphors doped with Bi3+ are synthesized, it has 430 nm deep‐blue emissions and a low proportion of emissions relative to 470–660 nm visible light in the solar spectrum. By co‐doping with alkali metal ions to compensate for the charge, the emission intensities and absolute quantum yields of the phosphors can be effectively improved. The SrGaB2O7:0.01Bi3+, 0.01K+ deep‐blue phosphor has a high quantum yield of 85% and negative thermal quenching properties. Moreover, the SrGaB2O7:0.01Bi3+, 0.01K+ deep‐blue phosphor can be packaged with different potting adhesives to form light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), exhibiting excellent luminescent performances and promising application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulites, a prominent feature of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts, preserve a record of geodynamic processes during the Precambrian (Archean–Paleoproterozoic). Quantitative pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths of these UHT granulites can constrain the tectonic processes and metamorphic evolution in such a tectonic regime. Here, UHT mafic granulites with a high‐pressure (HP) prograde path are first reported in the Diebusige Complex in the Alxa Block, western part of the Khondalite Belt (KB), North China Craton (NCC). The detailed petrographic studies show that two mafic granulite samples preserve corona textures around relict garnet or garnet pseudomorphs (completely replaced by plagioclase), and a third mafic granulite sample has a relatively simple mineralogy with a granoblastic‐polygonal texture. These mafic granulites have similar peak (Tmax) assemblages of clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + plagioclase + ilmenite ± garnet ± amphibole ± quartz + melt. Phase equilibrium modelling and Ti‐in‐amphibole and rare earth element (REE)‐based thermometries all constrain similar peak conditions of ~880–950°C/~8.5–10 kbar implying an ~100°C/kbar apparent geothermal gradient for these mafic granulites. Based on the corona textures or pseudomorphs of garnet and mineral assemblages, we identified a Pmax (~14 kbar) prograde stage before the Tmax stage. Thus, a clockwise P–T path with heating and decompression followed by near‐isobaric cooling (IBC) is recorded from these UHT mafic granulites. In addition, zircon and apatite SHRIMP or LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating yields an age interval of ~1.81–1.7 Ga, which is interpreted as representing the cooling time from ~900–800°C to ~575°C at the middle‐upper crustal levels (<25 km deep) for these mafic granulites, with an ~1.5–2.5°C/Myr cooling rate. The new P–T–t path of these rocks includes high‐pressure prograde, UHT peak, and slow cooling retrograde processes, which implicates a post‐collisional tectonic setting for UHT metamorphism in the KB and the processes of collision, exhumation, and cooling of the KB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high mortality rate and postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contribute to the burden on society and healthcare. The prognostic value and underlying mechanisms of cellular senescence and tumor microenvironment (TME) in HCC remain unclear. Bulk transcriptomic data were obtained from 368 HCC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas‐liver hepatocellular carcinoma cohort and 64 samples from the GSE116174 dataset. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data of HCC were obtained from the GSE149614 dataset, including 18 tumor samples from 10 patients. Prognosis‐related cellular senescence genes and immune cells were identified through univariate analysis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was performed to construct the CellAge score and TME score, both of which were identified as independent prognostic factors for HCC based on multivariate Cox analysis. The combined CellAge and TME scores showed improved prognostic stratification for HCC patients, as confirmed by multivariate Cox analysis (p <.001). The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed enrichment of the extracellular matrix receptor interaction signaling pathway in the group with high CellAge scores and low TME scores, which exhibited a worse prognosis. Single‐cell sequencing results revealed higher expression activity of the cAMP response element modulator (CREM) extended transcription factor in HCC cells and most immune cells, indicating its involvement in TME remodeling. Finally, the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) analysis demonstrated that the combined scores could predict the outcomes of immune therapy in patients with HCC. In conclusion, cellular senescence contributes to TME remodeling in HCC, and the developed CellAge and TME scores serve as independent prognostic factors and predictors of immune therapy in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on our previous study in chemical subtleties of the proton tunneling distance for metal hydride formation (PTD‐MH) to regulate the selectivity of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), we have developed a family of Mn terpyridine derivatives, in which urea groups functions as multipoint hydrogen‐bonding hangman to accelerate the reaction rate. We found that such changes to the second coordination sphere significantly increased the turnover frequency (TOF) for CO2 reduction to ca. 360 s-1 ${{s}^{-1}}$ with this family of molecular catalysts while maintaining high selectivity (ca. 100 %±3) for CO even in the presence of a large amount of phenol as proton source. Notably, the compounds studied in this manuscript all exhibit large value for icat/ip ${{{\bf i}}_{{\bf c a t}}/{{\bf i}}_{{\bf p}}}$ as that achieved by Fe porphyrins derivates, while saving up to 0.55 V in overpotential with respect to the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections have emerged as the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Herein, we developed a dual‐channel fluorescence "turn‐on" sensor array, comprising six electrostatic complexes formed from one negatively charged poly(para‐aryleneethynylene) (PPE) and six positively charged aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorophores. The 6‐element array enabled the simultaneous identification of 20 bacteria (OD600=0.005) within 30s (99.0 % accuracy), demonstrating significant advantages over the array constituted by the 7 separate elements that constitute the complexes. Meanwhile, the array realized different mixing ratios and quantitative detection of prevalent bacteria associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). It also excelled in distinguishing six simulated bacteria samples in artificial urine. Remarkably, the limit of detection for E. coli and E. faecalis was notably low, at 0.000295 and 0.000329 (OD600), respectively. Finally, optimized by diverse machine learning algorithms, the designed array achieved 96.7 % accuracy in differentiating UTI clinical samples from healthy individuals using a random forest model, demonstrating the great potential for medical diagnostic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address current challenges in effectively treating large skin defects caused by trauma in clinical medicine, the fabrication, and evaluation of a novel radially aligned nanofiber scaffold (RAS) with dual growth factor gradients is presented. These aligned nanofibers and the scaffold's spatial design provide many all‐around "highways" for cell migration from the edge of the wound to the center area. Besides, the chemotaxis induced by two growth factor gradients further promotes cell migration. Incorporating epidermal growth factor (EGF) aids in the proliferation and differentiation of basal layer cells in the epidermis, augmenting the scaffold's ability to promote epidermal regeneration. Concurrently, the scaffold‐bound vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) recruits vascular endothelial cells at the wound's center, resulting in angiogenesis and improving blood supply and nutrient delivery, which is critical for granulation tissue regeneration. The RAS+EGF+VEGF group demonstrates superior performance in wound immune regulation, wound closure, hair follicle regeneration, and ECM deposition and remodeling compared to other groups. This study highlights the promising potential of hierarchically assembled nanofiber scaffolds with dual growth factor gradients for wound repair and tissue regeneration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low temperature is one of the main abiotic stresses that affects plant growth, causing serious damage or even death to plants. The differential expression of the TaEXPA19 gene in the above and underground parts of winter wheat and the implications for cold resistance remain unclear. In this study, the TaEXPA19 gene was cloned and analysed for expression in winter wheat, and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was constructed to investigate the effect of the TaEXPA19 gene in response to low‐temperature stress on plant growth. The TaEXPA19‐A and TaEXPA19‐D genes have different response patterns in the above and underground parts of transgenic A. thaliana. When plants were subjected to low‐temperature stress, the leaves were quickly upregulated and the roots were downregulated, and then upregulated to respond to low‐temperature stress to promote the growth of leaf length and leaf width petiole length. The results indicated that TaEXPA19 genes could improve low‐temperature tolerance in plants. The results of this study laid a foundation for the study of the cold resistance of winter wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]