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The single atom catalysts (SACs) show unique catalytic performance in heterogeneous reactions owing to unsaturated coordination sites and high metal atom dispersion. Herein, a simple wet impregnation method was utilized to synthetize of Fe−Al2O3 catalysts. The Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that abundant OH group attached to the support (Al2O3) surface facilitating formation of isolated Fe single atom. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) confirmed the Fe single atom architecture. Fe−Al2O3 (4.5 wt %) performed enhanced stability and activity on ethane dehydrogenation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of carbon peak and neutrality, the composite microwave absorbents are prepared using coal‐based solid waste fly ash (FA) as raw material, supporting the implementation of comprehensive utilization for FA and the low‐cost preparation for microwave absorbents. CoNi‐loaded FA composites (CoNi@FA) are prepared via a simple rotary evaporation and sintering process, involving the introduction of Co2+–Ni2+ into FA as well as the subsequent reduction process during which the CoNi alloy transforms from the metallic oxide. As expected, the CoNi@FA800 manifests excellent microwave absorption performance, and the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is −39.8 dB. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is extended to 3.4 GHz when the coating thickness is 2.0 mm. These are attributed to the introduction of CoNi alloy, endowing CoNi@FA composites with proper impedance matching and attenuation characteristics. Thus, the CoNi@FA will be a potential candidate in the field of microwave absorbent, which not only realizes the resource utilization of FA efficiently, but also makes a compromise between economic and environmental benefit simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, metal‐free, heteroatom‐doped carbon nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but their synthesis is a tedious process involving energy‐wasting calcination. Molecular electrocatalysts offer attractive catalysts for the OER. Here, phytic acid (PA) was selected to investigate the OER activity of carbons in organic molecules by DFT calculations and experiments. Positively charged carbons on PA were very active towards the OER. The PA molecules were fixed into a porous, conductive hydrogel with a superhydrophilic surface. This outperformed most metal‐free electrocatalysts. Besides the active sites on PA, the high OER activity was also related to the porous and conductive networks on the hydrogel, which allowed fast charge and mass transport during the OER. Therefore, this work provides a metal‐free, organic‐molecule‐based electrocatalyst to replace carbon nanomaterials for efficient OER. Positively charged carbons on organic molecules (i.e. phytic acid, denoted PA) can participate in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as shown by DFT calculations and experiments. Moreover, doping of PA into a porous and conductive hydrogel is a robust strategy for stabilizing PA, as well as boosting the charge and mass transport of PA during the OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, metal‐free, heteroatom‐doped carbon nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but their synthesis is a tedious process involving energy‐wasting calcination. Molecular electrocatalysts offer attractive catalysts for the OER. Here, phytic acid (PA) was selected to investigate the OER activity of carbons in organic molecules by DFT calculations and experiments. Positively charged carbons on PA were very active towards the OER. The PA molecules were fixed into a porous, conductive hydrogel with a superhydrophilic surface. This outperformed most metal‐free electrocatalysts. Besides the active sites on PA, the high OER activity was also related to the porous and conductive networks on the hydrogel, which allowed fast charge and mass transport during the OER. Therefore, this work provides a metal‐free, organic‐molecule‐based electrocatalyst to replace carbon nanomaterials for efficient OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic modeling is a rapidly evolving, popular approach to the study of the uncertainty and heterogeneity of groundwater systems. However, the use of Monte Carlo-type simulations to solve practical groundwater problems often encounters computational bottlenecks that hinder the acquisition of meaningful results. To improve the computational efficiency, a system that combines stochastic model generation with MODFLOW-related programs and distributed parallel processing is investigated. The distributed computing framework, called the Java Parallel Processing Framework, is integrated into the system to allow the batch processing of stochastic models in distributed and parallel systems. As an example, the system is applied to the stochastic delineation of well capture zones in the Pinggu Basin in Beijing. Through the use of 50 processing threads on a cluster with 10 multicore nodes, the execution times of 500 realizations are reduced to 3% compared with those of a serial execution. Through this application, the system demonstrates its potential in solving difficult computational problems in practical stochastic modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role and potential molecular mechanism of inflammatory cells in pediatric localized scleroderma are poorly investigated. In this study, we first investigated the profiling of inflammatory cells in skin samples from pediatric localized scleroderma. Among them, CD4+ T‐cells were up‐regulated. Co‐culture dermal fibroblasts with CD4+ T‐cells promoted fibrosis of fibroblasts. Candidate lncRNAs were further explored by lncRNAs‐seq between the normal skin tissues and pediatric localized scleroderma tissues, and the lncRNAs‐seq between fibroblasts co‐cultured with CD4+ T lymphocytes and control fibroblasts. By comparing the two datasets, we identified eight up‐regulated and three down‐regulated lncRNAs, which were the potential lncRNAs for the phenotype of pediatric localized scleroderma. Here, we identified the CD4+ T‐cells infiltration in pediatric localized scleroderma and potential lncRNAs for the treatment of pediatric localized scleroderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Micronized acellular dermal matrix (mADM) can induce tissue regeneration and repair, and filling. Objectives: The efficacy and safety of (mADM) were evaluated in the treatment of atrophic acne scar. Methods: In this single‐blinded, self‐controlled, split‐face study, 16 patients (48 scar sites) were divided into treatment group (24 scar sites) and control group (24 scar sites). One side of the affected area was treated with mADM combined with platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection as the treatment group; the other side of the affected area was treated with PRP injection as the control group. The efficacy was evaluated by the Acne scar assessment scale (ASAS) and Acne Scar Weight Rating Scale (ECCA) 3 months after treatment. Results: After 3‐month treatment in 16 patients, the atrophic acne scars in both groups were all improved. The ASAS score and ECCA weight score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.50 ± 0.51 vs. 3.62 ± 0.77 and 14.17 ± 10.18 vs. 31.88 ± 13.25; p < 0.001). Limitations: Short‐term 3‐month treatment period. Small sample size limits generalizability of results. Conclusion: The curative effect of mADM combined with PRP is significantly better than that of PRP alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) undergoes large overpotentials for achieving preferable efficiency due to its sluggish dynamics. As such, highly active electrocatalysts are often needed for its acceleration. Despite the significant progress achieved on the synthesis of transition‐metal (TM)‐based HER electrocatalysts, their activity is still far from their Pt‐based counterparts. In their Minireview article on page 3930 ff., C. He et al. describe current methods used for doping nonmetals into transition‐metal (TM)‐based nanomaterials and their performances in the HER. Doping nonmetals can efficiently tune the electronic structures of the TM and, therefore, optimize the Gibbs free energy of the TM for adsorption of H* intermediates, in turn boosting the HER of the TM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights from the article: Keywords: electronic structures engineering; heterointerfaces; metal borates; nanomeshes; water splitting In article number 1901130, Chuanxin He and co-workers propose a general, one-step strategy for crafting a series of ultrathin metal borate nanomeshes with abundant nanopores by capitalizing on 3D bark-like N-doped carbon as nanoreactors. Electronic structures engineering, heterointerfaces, metal borates, nanomeshes, water splitting.

Ultrathin nanomeshes perfectly inherit the integrated advantages of ultrathin 2D materials and porous nanostructures, which have shown their great application potential in catalysis and electronic devices. Here, the general synthesis of ultrathin metal borate (i.e., Co‐Bi, Ni‐Bi, and Fe‐Bi) nanomeshes is reported by capitalizing on 3D bark‐like N‐doped carbon (denoted BNC) as nanoreactors. Indeed, this strategy is straightforward, only comprising a one‐step reaction between metal cations and sodium borohydride without using templates. As nanoreactors, the BNC derived from biomass waste of lychee exocarp possesses distinctive advantages of low cost, fractured textures, porous nanostructures (surface area: 1915.5 m2 g−1), electronegative surface (zeta potential: −43.4 mV), and superhydrophilicity for greatly facilitating the adsorption of metal cations with strong strength to effectively control the growth of 2D nanomeshes. The as‐synthesized Co‐Bi and Ru‐doped Co‐Bi (Ru‐Co‐Bi) nanomeshes exhibit excellent performance for the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, respectively. Impressively, the water splitting device based on the Co‐Bi and Ru‐Co‐Bi nanomeshes can enable a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a small cell voltage of 1.53 V. Therefore, this work paves new avenues for the facile synthesis of ultrathin metal nanomeshes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In article number 1803867 by Chuanxin He and co‐workers an easy yet robust route is developed to craft N, O‐codoped graphene‐integrated boxes by employing hybrids containing polymers and Prussian blue analogue cubes as precursors. Benefiting from the hierarchically porous nanostructures and highly active N, O‐codoped graphene, the resulting electrocatalysts display excellent performance in overall water splitting and Zn–air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the exciting achievements made in synthesis of monofunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), or hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), it is challenging to develop trifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR/OER/HER. Herein, N, O‐codoped graphene nanorings‐integrated boxes (denoted NOGB) are crafted via high‐temperature pyrolysis and following acid etching of hybrid precursors containing polymers and Prussian blue analogue cubes. The electrochemical results signified that the resulting NOGB‐800 (800 refers to pyrolysis temperature) is highly active for trifunctional electrocatalysis of ORR/OER/HER. This can be reasonably attributed to the advanced nanostructures (i.e., the hierarchically porous nanostructures on the hollow nanorings) and unique chemical compositions (i.e., N, O‐codoped graphene). More attractively, the rechargeable Zn–air battery based on NOGB‐800 displays maximum power density of 111.9 mW cm−2 with small charge–discharge potential of 0.72 V and excellent stability of 30 h, comparable with the Pt/C+Ir/C counterpart. The NOGB‐800 could also be utilized as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting to yield current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 1.65 V, surpassing most reported electrocatalysts. Therefore, the NOGB‐800 is a promising candidate instead of precious metal–based electrocatalysts for the efficient Zn–air battery and water splitting. An easy yet robust route, for the first time, is developed to craft N, O‐codoped graphene‐integrated boxes by employing hybrids containing polymers and Prussian blue analogue cubes as precursors. Benefiting from the hierarchically porous nanostructures and highly active N, O‐codoped graphene, the resulting electrocatalysts display excellent performance on the overall water splitting and Zn–air battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterojunction perovskite solar cells combine the stability of 2D perovskites and the high efficiency of 3D perovskites, making them an excellent photovoltaic candidate. While heterojunctions with intermixed or gradient perovskites can reduce surface recombination, the aggregation and phase distribution of 2D perovskite induce transport losses, thereby limiting device fill factors. Accordingly, a bulk in situ reconstruction (BISR) strategy is proposed to induce the reconstruction of 3D perovskites on a minim self‐assembled 2D crystal seed, forming heterojunction perovskite that runs through the entire active layer. This facilitates charge extraction, relieves tensile stress, and avoids the decomposition of perovskite on grain boundaries. As a result, the best‐performing heterojunction perovskite solar cells show a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.06% with 82.9% FF for the small‐area device (0.105 cm2) and a superior PCE of 19.2% for the large‐area module (5 × 5 cm2). Importantly, the unencapsulated device shows dramatically improved operational stability, maintaining 87% of its initial efficiency after 8000 h of storage under ambient atmosphere at room temperature. This work provides an effective and simple approach to establish heterojunction perovskite to simultaneously boost the efficiency and stability of PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nuclear pleomorphism and tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role in cancer development and progression. Identifying most predictive nuclei and TME features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may provide insights into which characteristics pathologists can use to distinguish and stratify this entity. Objectives: To develop an automated workflow based on nuclei and TME features from basaloid cell tumor regions to differentiate BCC from trichoepithelioma (TE) and stratify BCC into high‐risk (HR) and low‐risk (LR) subtypes, and to identify the nuclear and TME characteristics profile of different basaloid cell tumors. Methods: The deep learning systems were trained on 161 H&E ‐stained sections which contained 51 sections of HR‐BCC, 50 sections of LR‐BCC and 60 sections of TE from one institution (D1), and externally and independently validated on D2 (46 sections) and D3 (76 sections), from 2015 to 2022. 60%, 20% and 20% of D1 data were randomly splitted for training, validation and testing, respectively. The framework comprised four stages: tumor regions identification by multi‐head self‐attention (MSA) U‐Net, nuclei segmentation by HoVer‐Net, quantitative feature by handcrafted extraction, and differentiation and risk stratification classifier construction. Pixel accuracy, precision, recall, dice score, intersection over union (IoU) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of tumor segmentation model and classifiers. Results: MSA‐U‐Net model detected tumor regions with 0.910 precision, 0.869 recall, 0.889 dice score and 0.800 IoU. The differentiation classifier achieved 0.977 ± 0.0159, 0.955 ± 0.0181, 0.885 ± 0.0237 AUC in D1, D2 and D3, respectively. The most discriminative features between BCC and TE contained Homogeneity, Elongation, T‐T_meanEdgeLength, T‐T_Nsubgraph, S‐T_HarmonicCentrality, S‐S_Degrees. The risk stratification model can well predict HR‐BCC and LR‐BCC with 0.920 ± 0.0579, 0.839 ± 0.0176, 0.825 ± 0.0153 AUC in D1, D2 and D3, respectively. The most discriminative features between HR‐BCC and LR‐BCC comprised IntensityMin, Solidity, T‐T_minEdgeLength, T‐T_Coreness, T‐T_Degrees, T‐T_Betweenness, S‐T_Degrees. Conclusions: This framework hold potential for future use as a second opinion helping inform diagnosis of BCC, and identify nuclei and TME features related with malignancy and tumor risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic proppants with excellent performance were successfully prepared by second grade bauxite. The phase structure and the microstructure were investigated via X‐Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that bulk density and apparent density constantly increased, while the breakage ratio gradually decreased with the increasing in sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature reached to 1500°C, the breakage ratio obtained lowest value of 3.6% under 52 MPa closed pressure, which satisfied the requirement of Chinese Petroleum and Gas Industry standard. Furthermore, the mode of fracture for ceramic proppants was transformed from intergranular fracture into transgranular fracture and open pores had larger influence than closed pores for breakage ratio of ceramic proppants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cut the cost of microwave absorption materials (MAMs) and achieve the recycling of semicoke (SC), the by‐product in coal hydrogasification process, SC was applied to prepare composite MAMs. The facile synthesis process involves liquid‐phase impregnation, and then in situ carbothermal reduction treatment. Champion sample prepared under 800 °C (FeSC800) exhibits the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −39.3 dB under a coating thickness of 2.5 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) can reach 3.9 GHz (14.1–18 GHz) at a coating thickness of 1.5 mm. The enhancement of interfacial and dipole polarization, as well as the synergistic effect between the dielectric properties of SC matrix and the magnetic properties of Fe particles, can account for the excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance. In view of the source of SC matrix, the prepared FeSC800 was not only expected to become a candidate in the field of MAMs, but also presented a promising approach for the resource utilization of SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramics with aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) were prepared from H3BO3 and Al2O3 reagent, with and without 6 wt% MnO2 used as an addition. The microstructures, phase composition, and crystal structure of the ceramics were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The results show that MnO2 is an effective addition for enhancing the flexural strength of ceramics. The MnO2 could lead to the distortion of lattice, and improve the mechanical strength via a solid solution strengthening mechanism. Moreover, the content of H3BO3 and the sintering temperature were also key factors in the manufacture of optimal ceramics. The ceramic made from 6 wt% MnO2 addition, 25 wt% H3BO3, and sintered at 1200°C, showed the highest flexural strength of 88.5 (±1.9) MPa, and had a bulk density of 1.64 g/cm3 and porosity of 44.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a novel utilization avenue for fly ash (FA), the Co‐loaded FA (CoFA) was constructed utilizing FA as raw material to acquire the enhanced microwave absorption (MA) performance. In this study, the CoFA composites were fabricated by a two‐step method, including the construction of FA‐based ceramic matrix and a subsequent loading of magnetic components. The results of XRD, SEM, and elemental mapping images revealed that Co particles generated from the carbothermal reduction were well dispersed over the interior and surface of matrix. Compared with pure FA, the as‐prepared CoFA composites demonstrated the impressive MA performances, which were attributed to the good impedance matching, conduction loss, and interfacial polarization effect between the matrix and Co. When the annealing temperature kept at 700°C, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of as‐prepared CoFA700 reached up to −40.5 dB and the broad absorption band was measured to be 4.7 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm, which was superior to pure FA. Our strategy might provide a new direction to the fabrication of high‐efficient MA materials derived from FA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations show that sub‐nanometric Cu clusters (i.e. 13 atoms) favorably generate CH4 from the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but experimental evidence is lacking. Herein, a facile impregnation‐calcination route towards Cu clusters, having a diameter of about 1.0 nm with about 10 atoms, was developed by double confinement of carbon defects and micropores. These Cu clusters enable high selectivity for the CO2RR with a maximum Faraday efficiency of 81.7 % for CH4. Calculations and experimental results show that the Cu clusters enhance the adsorption of *H and *CO intermediates, thus promoting generation of CH4 rather than H2 and CO. The strong interactions between the Cu clusters and defective carbon optimize the electronic structure of the Cu clusters for selectivity and stability towards generation of CH4. Provided here is the first experimental evidence that sub‐nanometric Cu clusters facilitate the production of CH4 from the CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations show that sub‐nanometric Cu clusters (i.e. 13 atoms) favorably generate CH4 from the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but experimental evidence is lacking. Herein, a facile impregnation‐calcination route towards Cu clusters, having a diameter of about 1.0 nm with about 10 atoms, was developed by double confinement of carbon defects and micropores. These Cu clusters enable high selectivity for the CO2RR with a maximum Faraday efficiency of 81.7 % for CH4. Calculations and experimental results show that the Cu clusters enhance the adsorption of *H and *CO intermediates, thus promoting generation of CH4 rather than H2 and CO. The strong interactions between the Cu clusters and defective carbon optimize the electronic structure of the Cu clusters for selectivity and stability towards generation of CH4. Provided here is the first experimental evidence that sub‐nanometric Cu clusters facilitate the production of CH4 from the CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to develop bifunctional electrocatalysts for concurrent CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key to the practical application of CO2 splitting to produce CO. However, this remains a grand challenge. Herein, a robust strategy to rationally craft hierarchical structured bifunctional electrocatalysts composed of 3D CoS2 nanocages interconnected on 2D CoS2 nanosheet arrays (denoted hierarchical CoS2 nanocages) for high‐performance CO2 splitting is developed. The subsequent calcination removes the partial S edges of CoS2, thereby strongly suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of CoS2. By combining theoretic and experimental results, for the first time, it is discovered that the plane S of CoS2, instead of S edges, are highly active for CO2RR but inactive for HER, rendering the plane S as ideal active sites for CO2RR. Intriguingly, the composition tuning via calcination and the presence of a hierarchical architecture confer hierarchical CoS2 nanocages respective outstanding CO2RR and OER performance. Notably, the hierarchical CoS2 nanocages can be exploited as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall CO2 splitting to yield the current density of 1 mA cm−2 at a small cell voltage of 1.92 V, much lower than the widely reported values (>2.5 V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corundum‐mullite ceramic proppants have been successfully synthesized using raw materials of natural bauxite and solid waste coal gangue, CaCO3, as additive. The influences of calcium carbonate additive on phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical performances were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the addition of CaCO3 promotes the formation of liquid phase at lower temperature during sintering process, which is beneficial to the densification of the samples and the reduction of sintering temperature. Moreover, the mullite grains become finer and finer with the content of CaCO3 additive increasing, which improves the toughness and strength of the samples via a grain refinement strengthening mechanism. The ceramic proppants exhibit optimal performances with additive of 5 wt.% at 1350°C, and the breakage ratio under 52 MPa closed pressure is the lowest. Additionally, the sintering temperature is dropped by 150°C compared with the samples without adding calcium carbonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the approaches and diagnostic yield of genetic testing for renal disease in children, we describe the genotype and phenotype of the national cohort of children with renal disease from 13 different regions of China recruited from 2014 to 2018 by building up the multicenter registration system (Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database, CCGKDD). Genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 42.1% of our cohort of 1001 pediatric patients with clinical suspicion of a genetic renal disease. Of the 106 distinct monogenetic disorders detected, 15 accounted for 60.7% of genetic diagnoses. The diagnostic yield was 29.1% in steroid resistant nephritic syndrome (SRNS), 61.4% in cystic renal disease, 17.0% in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), 62.3% in renal tubular disease/renal calcinosis, and 23.9% for chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3 to 5 stage with unknown origin. Genetic approaches of target gene sequence (TGS), singleton whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and trio‐WES were performed with diagnostic rates of 44.8%, 36.2%, and 42.6%, respectively. The early use of trio‐WES could improve the diagnostic rate especially in renal tubular disease and calcinosis. We report the genetic spectrum of Chinese children with renal disease. Establishment of the CCGKDD will improve the genetic work on renal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]