Search

Application of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been considered as an environmentally friendly method for crop yield promotion as well as plant disease management. Efforts have been devoted to unraveling mechanisms involved in bacteria–plant and bacteria–pathogen interactions. However, little is known on the effect of the interaction among PGPR, soil, and plant. We compared growth and yield promotion capacity of biofertilizer Ning Shield, a consortium of bacterial preparation used as a biofertilizer (BF), and its mixture with compost of agricultural waste including spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus (SSP)/Volvariella volvacea (SSV), chicken manure (CM), and inorganic fertilizer (IOF) in a pepper field, respectively. The disease control efficacy, pepper fruit preservation time, and nutrients were also determined. Soil nutrient parameters including organic matter and available NPK of treatments were assayed before and after one growth season. All of the mixture of BF+organic compost treatment significantly enhanced the yield and quality of pepper fruit. Moreover, disease control capacity was promoted by the mixture of BF+organic compost, with BF+SSV reaching the highest control efficacy of 81% on 60th day after transplanting, and remaining 76% at the 105th day. The BF+SSV treatment showed soil fertility retention ability with higher soil nutrient contents after one growth season of pepper. This study provides evidence that, when combined with organic fertilizers such as spent mushroom substrate compost, beneficial microbes have the ability to promote plant growth and yield as well as suppress plant disease by sustaining soil fertility through complex bacteria–soil–plant interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex poly[[aqua(μ2-phthalato-κ2 O1: O2){μ3-2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetato-κ4 N2, N3: O: O′}{μ2-2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetato-κ3 N2, N3: O}dizinc(II)] dihydrate], {[Zn2(C10H8N3O2)2(C8H4O4)(H2O)]·2H2O} n, has been prepared by solvothermal reaction of 2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetonitrile (PPAN) with zinc(II). Under hydrothermal conditions, PPAN is hydrolyzed to 2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetate (PPAA−). The structure determination reveals that the complex is a one-dimensional double chain containing cationic [Zn4(PPAA)4]4+ structural units, which are further extended by bridging phthalate ligands. The one-dimensional chains are extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture via hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel cadmium complex catena-poly[cadmium(II)-μ3-{2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]butanedioato}], [Cd(C12H9N3O4)] n, has been prepared by the conjugate addition reaction of 2-(1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine to fumaric acid in the presence of Cd(OAc)2·3H2O (OAc is acetate) at 413 K. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the complex consists of one-dimensional ladders constructed from [Cd2(COO)2] dimeric subunits. A combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions extend the one-dimensional ladders into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel ZnII coordination polymer poly[{μ4-2-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]butanedioato}zinc(II)], [Zn(C12H9N3O4)] n, has been synthesized hydrothermally and structurally characterized. The results demonstrate that the complex shows two-dimensional neutral wave-like layers. The complex was prepared by the conjugate addition reaction of 2-(1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine to cis-fumaric acid in the presence of Zn(OAc)2·2H2O (OAc is acetate) at 413 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixed-ligand metal-organic complex poly[(μ3-phthalato)[μ2-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-ido]dicopper(II)], [Cu2(C8H4O4)(C8H6N3)2] n, has been synthesized by the reaction of copper(II) acetate with 2-(1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (H L) and phthalic acid. The binuclear chelating-bridging L units are further linked by bridging phthalate ligands into a two-dimensional network parallel to the (010) plane. The two-dimensional networks are extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture viaπ-π stacking interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the crystal structure of the title polymer, [Mn(SCN)2(C12H12N2O)2] n, MnII is located on an inversion centre. The metal ion exists in an octa­hedral geometry environment, with four N atoms from two trans 3-(1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenyl­propan-1-one ( L) ligands and two thio­cyanate groups in the equatorial plane, and two S atoms from symmetry-related bidentate thio­cyanate ligands at the axial positions. Adjacent MnII centres in the crystal structure are bridged by a pair of SCN− anions to form an infinite one-dimensional array. The one-dimensional chains are further linked together to form a two-dimensional layer structure, through significant face-to-face π–π stacking inter­actions involving aromatic systems of ligands L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Cu(NCS)(2)(C(11)H(11)N(3)O)(2)], contains two independent Cu(II) atoms. Each Cu(II) atom, lying on an inversion center, is coordinated by two N atoms from two NCS(-) anions and two N atoms from two monodentate 1-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-one ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. Two S atoms from adjacent mol-ecules occupy the axial positions with long Cu⋯S distances [3.0495 (10) and 3.1045 (9) Å] and complete the overall distorted octahedral coordination sphere. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present.

In the title complex, [Cu(NO(3))(2)(C(11)H(11)N(3)O)(4)], the Cu(II) atom is situated on a centre of inversion and is coordinated by two O atoms from two nitrate anions and four N atoms from four monodentate 1-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-one ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in a supra-molecular layer parallel to (101). These layers are connected by π-π inter-actions between the benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.891 (2) Å].

The centrosymmetric dimeric title complex, [Zn(2)Br(4)(C(4)H(8)N(4))(2)], is isotypic with its [Zn(2)Cl(4)(C(4)H(8)N(4))(2)], [Zn(2)I(4)(C(4)H(8)N(4))(2)] and [Co(2)Cl(4)(C(4)H(8)N(4))(2)] analogues. The zinc atom is bonded to two N atoms belonging to triazole bridging rings and to two terminal bromide ligands, in a geometry close to tetra-hedral. Weak N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, with the amine functions as donor groups, are observed in the crystal structure, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the mononuclear title complex, [Mn(NCS)(2)(C(11)H(11)N(3)O)(4)], the Mn(II) atom, lying on an inversion center, is coordinated by two monodentate thio-cyanate anions and four monodentate 1-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-one ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Each complex mol-ecule is linked to four neighboring ones by weak C-H⋯N and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional sheet parallel to (001).

The mol-ecular structure of the mononuclear complex, [Cd(SCN)(2)(C(8)H(7)N(3))(2)], contains a Cd(II) atom in a distorted octa-hedral coordination defined by five N atoms from two bidentate chelate 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine ligands and by one SCN(-) anion. The second SCN(-) anion provides its S atom for completion of the coordination sphere. The complex is linked to four others by N-H⋯N and N-H⋯S hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between the pyrazol N-H group and the terminal S and N atoms of neighbouring SCN(-) anions. This arrangement leads to the formation of sheets parallel to (100). Face-to-face π-π stacking inter-actions with shortest inter-planar distances of 3.805 (2) and 3.696 (2) Å help to consolidate the crystal packing.

In the title mol-ecule, C(10)H(8)ClN(3)O(2), the dihedral angle between the pyridine and pyrazole rings is 64.01 (8)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules, forming extended chains along [001]. These chains are, in turn, linked by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a two-dimensional network perpendicular to the b axis.