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Suitable and effective matching area selection is crucial for gravity matching‐aided navigation. In this paper, an all‐field extended extremum algorithm based on an adaptive threshold (AT‐AEE) is proposed for matching area selection in the Arctic Sea. The gradient data is obtained by using the convolution of gravity reference graph data and all‐field extended extremum parameters. Then, the adaptive threshold method was employed to determine the optimal gradient threshold based on gravity anomaly data across various test areas. Data points with gradients exceeding the specified threshold are identified as local candidate points for matching areas. The test areas containing a certain proportion of local candidate points are designated as the suitable matching areas. Nine test areas in the Arctic Sea with different gravity change characteristics were chosen for simulation experiments to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulation experiments showed that superior navigation positioning results could be obtained in the matching areas selected by the AT‐AEE algorithm. Compared to traditional algorithm, the matching areas derived from the AT‐AEE algorithm performed with a better consistency in the gravity matching navigation results. In suitable matching areas with the proportion of local candidate points reaching 70%, the average positioning errors could be reduced to less than 1.5 n miles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic near‐infrared (NIR) room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials become a hot topic in bioimaging and biosensing for the large penetration depth and high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). However, it is challenging to achieve persistent NIR phosphorescence for severe nonradiative transitions by energy‐gap law. Herein, a universal system with persistent NIR RTP is built by visible (host) and NIR phosphorescence (guest) materials, which can efficiently suppress the nonradiative transitions by rigid environment of crystalline host materials with good matching, and further promote phosphorescence emission by the additional phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (≈100%) between them. The persistent NIR phosphorescence with ten‐folds enhancement of RTP lifetimes, compared to those of guest luminogens, can be achieved by modulation of aggregated structures of host–guest systems. This work provides a convenient way to largely prolong the phosphorescence lifetimes of various NIR luminogens, promoting their application in afterglow imaging with deeper penetration and higher SBRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barrier membrane, a key material for guided bone regeneration surgery, is applied between soft and hard tissue interfaces in complex oral environment. The abilities to integrate contradictory requirements and self‐regulate the local microenvironment are highly desirable for barrier membrane but remain challenging to achieve. Herein, inspired by the leaf's hierarchical multifunctional synergy, a kind of superstructured porous membrane (SPM), integrating asymmetric surface pores, interconnected macropores and functional micropores, is developed based on the combination of breath figure and phase separation. For the SPM, the densely porous layer can inhibit penetration of soft tissue cells and maintain osteogenic space, and the loosely porous layer with interconnected microporous channels can effectively promote the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts, help to transport nutrients, and expose functional components. Meanwhile, porous carbon nanospheres introduced into SPM as multifunctional core components can ameliorate the undesirable microenvironment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, repairing bioelectrical environment, and killing bacteria, thus achieving multiple bioactive pro‐healing functions for efficient bone regeneration in vivo. These findings can open an appealing avenue for developing high‐performance barrier membranes as well as many other implant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Grape is widely consumed all over the world for its rich nutritious and health‐promoting effects. While grape berries are prone to quality deterioration after harvest. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eugenol treatment on the quality of grape berries based on the transcriptome. Harvested grape berries were treated with eugenol, and then collected for nutrient component determination and transcriptomics analyses. As a results, treatment with eugenol enhanced the berries firmness, increased the contents of soluble sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds, improved the antioxidant capacity, and altered gene expression levels of related pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed 699 differentially expressed genes by 100 mmol L−1 eugenol‐treated berries. Among these DEGs, the transcriptional levels involved in the cell wall, sugar and acid metabolism, phenylpropane metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and WRKY, MYB family transcription factors were significantly regulated. This study will help to promote the application of eugenol for quality improvements in grape berries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedestrian flow refers to the spatiotemporal distribution of people moving in a defined area. At crosswalks, pedestrian dynamics exhibit complex self‐organization patterns resulting from interactions between individuals. This paper proposes a novel crosswalk pedestrian flow model based on the concept of directional fuzzy visual field (DFVF) to capture pedestrian heterogeneity. The DFVF defines fuzzy distributions of personal space and information processing capabilities, enabling improved representation of diversity compared to previous models. Incorporating k‐nearest neighbour rules in the DFVF pedestrian network topology also better mimics real‐world interactions. Using a cellular automata framework, pedestrian self‐organization effects like stratification and bottleneck oscillation are simulated at intersections. The model replicates empirically observed dynamics of density, velocity, and evacuation time. Results demonstrate that controlling pedestrian conflicts can effectively enhance crosswalk flow efficiency. This research introduces new techniques for simulating pedestrian psychology and behaviour, providing a valuable contribution to pedestrian flow theory and supporting crosswalk design optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry diverse biomolecules (e. g. nucleic acids, proteins) for intercellular communication, serving as important markers for diseases. Analyzing nucleic acids derived from EVs enables non‐invasive disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Membrane fusion, a fundamental cellular process wherein two lipid membranes merge, facilitates cell communication and cargo transport. Building on this natural phenomenon, recent years have witnessed the emergence of membrane fusion‐based strategies for the detection of nucleic acids within EVs. These strategies entail the encapsulation of detection probes within either artificial or natural vesicles, followed by the induction of membrane fusion with EVs to deliver probes. This innovative approach not only enables in situ detection of nucleic acids within EVs but also ensures the maintenance of structural integrity of EVs, thus preventing nucleic acid degradation and minimizing the interference from free nucleic acids. This concept categorizes approaches into universal and targeted membrane fusion strategies, and discusses their application potential, and challenges and future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been proven to be a promising option for photovoltaic conversion. With the aim to achieve efficient and stable PSCs, it is essential to explore dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with high hole mobility. Herein, HTMs bearing electron donor (D)‐electron acceptor (A)‐electron donor (D) structures have been constructed with strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect, based on rational combination of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine and pyridine as electronic acceptors and anchoring groups to perovskite layer. Accordingly, high hole mobility (7.31 × 10–5 cm2·V–1·s–1) and photoelectric conversion efficiency (20.45%) have been achieved by dopant‐free DPyP‐based PSC. It afforded an efficient way to design HTMs with high hole mobility by adjustment of molecular configurations and electronic property of conjugated systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mariana subduction system is an ideal place for ocean–ocean convergence boundary research. As a typical example of an extensional subduction model, the subduction process, subduction mechanism and subduction effect of this system have long been popular research topics. The seismic reflection information of oceanic sedimentary layers shown on multichannel seismic profiles is an intuitive record of small‐ to medium‐scale structural activity and sedimentary sequence evolution and is an important source for studying plate‐coupling processes and tectonic dynamic action. This paper is based on the raw multichannel seismic data of MGL1204 in the Mariana arc forearc region; these data were obtained by using linear interference filter technique noise attenuation technology and multiple velocity iterations to accurately image the oceanic sedimentary layer, and the imagery is used to study the Cenozoic fracture activity and residual strata thickness distribution characteristics of the middle part of the Mariana forearc region and to explore the tectonic migration characteristics of the Cenozoic sedimentary basins. We believe that due to the influence of regional stress field changes caused by the movement directions of the Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate towards the Eurasian Plate, the development of secondary structures in the western Pacific subduction zone shows a characteristic west‐to‐east migration, and the structural characteristics of the Mariana forearc Cenozoic sedimentary basin are consistent with the regional tectonic features. The faults, stratigraphy and depocentres of the oceanic sedimentary layer show a migration pattern from west to east and from north to south overall; 25 and 13 Ma are identified as two key tectonic migration periods, and the tectonic migration characteristics and time records of the basin also provide direct evidence for the plate reconstruction model of trench retreat and Philippine Sea plate rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean bottom seismometer data usually contain a large amount of random noise, which seriously reduces the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the data and affects subsequent imaging. Hence, random noise attenuation is one of the most essential steps in ocean bottom seismometer data processing. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to attenuate the marine seismic random noise of ocean bottom seismometers based on a six‐dense‐layer denoising autoencoder. We input the t−x$t-x$ domain data into the denoising autoencoder, the encoder compresses the signal and noise and extracts the main features and the decoder finally reconstructs the denoised data with the same dimension as the input. In this approach, because few raw labelled examples are available, we first constructed the pretraining, training and test data sets by patch processing. Then, we pretrained the encoder based on clean synthetic seismic data through unsupervised learning and pretrained the decoder based on noisy synthetic seismic data through supervised learning. Next, the pretrained model was fine‐tuned with the encoder–decoder on a raw seismic data set in an unsupervised manner. Finally, we used the model to attenuate the random noise in raw ocean bottom seismometer data for testing. Synthetic and raw examples are used to compare the f−x$f-x$ deconvolution, multichannel singular spectrum analysis, deep denoising autoencoder and substep deep denoising autoencoder approaches. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed method has higher processing efficiency and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refraction seismic data acquired by wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometers are typically used to invert geological structures. Accurate and reliable first‐arrival traveltime picks are therefore critical to successful refraction data processing. Unfortunately, signal‐to‐noise ratios of refraction data acquired by wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometers at far offsets are usually low; thus, conventional methods such as the energy ratio method and correlation analysis method usually fail to accurately and efficiently determine the refraction phase. We therefore develop a novel first‐arrival wave recognition method based on the optimal dominant energy spectrum to improve the accuracy of refraction wave picking on wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometer data. The method consists of three steps. The first step is to obtain the optimal dominant energy spectrum according to the power spectrum density of sample scanning. Second, the initial position of the first‐arrival wave is recognized by combining the range of the optimal dominant energy spectrum and the maximum point of its derivative. Third, the modified cross‐correlation method adjusts the initial position to obtain a more accurate arrival time. In this paper, we illustrate the workflow and feasibility of the proposed method via testing on model data. Then, the method is used to determine the first‐arrival time of field wide‐angle ocean‐bottom seismometer data acquired in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and Xisha Islands. The results show that our method can accurately pick the refraction phase at offsets as far as 80 km, thus significantly reducing the uncertainties in first‐arrival phase picking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, improving the conductivity of the lubricant itself is the main idea behind current‐conductive lubricant designs. However, as per previous studies, the interface state has a more dominant influence on the interface conductivity than the conductivity of the lubricant. Therefore, improving the interface state is a more direct and effective way to improve the interface conductivity. In this study, improving the interface state is the primary idea underlying the design of a conductive lubricant. Multilayer graphene/ionic liquid (MG/IL) composites with excellent interfacial adsorption properties are prepared using IL non‐covalently modified graphene. Subsequently, corresponding conductive greases are synthesized using MG, IL, and MG/IL as additives. The lubricating and conductive properties of these greases are characterized by performing current‐carrying friction tests. In the results, it is shown that when MG/IL is used as an additive, the grease exhibits excellent lubricating performance and the lowest average contact resistance. This finding is primarily attributed to the MG and IL in MG/IL acting synergistically to improve the interface state significantly, which decreases the contact resistance and increases the conductivity of the friction interface. In this work, a novel idea is provided for the design of conductive lubricants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐efficient photoelectrocatalytic direct ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) conducted on semiconductor photoanodes remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we develop a strategy of simply introducing ppm levels of Cu ions (0.5–10 mg/L) into NH3 solutions to significantly improve the AOR photocurrent of bare BiVO4 photoanodes from 3.4 to 6.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, being close to the theoretical maximum photocurrent of BiVO4 (7.5 mA cm−2). The surface charge‐separation efficiency has reached 90 % under a low bias of 0.8 VRHE. This AOR exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93.8 % with the water oxidation reaction (WOR) being greatly suppressed. N2 is the main AOR product with FEs of 71.1 % in aqueous solutions and FEs of 100 % in non‐aqueous solutions. Through mechanistic studies, we find that the formation of Cu−NH3 complexes possesses preferential adsorption on BiVO4 surfaces and efficiently competes with WOR. Meanwhile, the cooperation of BiVO4 surface effect and Cu‐induced coordination effect activates N−H bonds and accelerates the first rate‐limiting proton‐coupled electron transfer for AOR. This simple strategy is further extended to other photoanodes and electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic room temperature phosphorescence materials (RTP) have attracted much attention for their wide application in organic light‐emitting diodes, anti‐counterfeiting, and sensors. In this work, a series of organic luminogens containing carbonyl and aromatics were fixed in a three‐dimensional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) network by in situ polymerization. All organic luminogens‐doped in situ PMMA (s‐PMMA) columns achieved longer RTP lifetimes than those of doped commercial PMMA (c‐PMMA) films, especially, the RTP lifetime of NMP2O in these PMMA matrixes increased from 1.82 ms to 156.34 ms by about 86 times. It is mainly due to the restriction of molecular motions by highly entangled polymer chains and rigid environments to efficiently inhibit the non‐radiative transitions. Also, the excellent shielding effect toward oxygen by the in situ polymerization process can avoid possible quenching effects on triplet excited states, beneficial to RTP emission. Thus, it affords an efficient approach to achieving persistent RTP for three‐dimensional displaying applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color significantly shapes our perceptions of the world, and extensive scientific research has explored various aspects of color, including color linguistics, aesthetics, color and marketing, color therapy, and color psychology. Notably, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the psychological domain of color in recent years. However, limited scholarly attention has been given to studying the changes in color representations and emotions over the decades. To address this gap, we utilized word embedding models of Google Books Ngrams corpus to examine the most strongly associated entities and traits with colors and their evolution in color emotions over 200 years. Analyzing three emotional dimensions—pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD), we found that red, green, white, black, orange, purple, brown, and pink were related to the exuberant type (+P + A + D) in PAD emotional space. In contrast, blue was linked to the relaxed type (+P−A + D), and yellow constituted the anxious type (−P + A−D). Among all basic English color terms, the emotion‐driven perceptions associated with white, brown, and pink have significantly changed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Interferon (IFN)‐1 signatures are a hallmark of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, its significance in clinical stratification and contribution to deterioration still need to be better understood. Methods: For hypothesis generation, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on skin biopsies (four patients with SSc and two controls) using the BD Rhapsody platform. Two publicly available data sets of skin scRNA‐seq were used for validation (GSE138669: 12 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc [dcSSc] and 10 controls; GSE195452: 52 patients with dcSSc and 41 patients with limited cutaneous SSc [lcSSc] and 54 controls). The IFN‐1 signature was mapped, functionally investigated in a bleomycin plus IFNα‐2 adenovirus‐associated virus (AAV)–induced model and verified in an SSc cohort (n = 61). Results: The discovery and validation data sets showed similar findings. Endothelial cells (ECs) had the most prominent IFN‐1 signature among dermal nonimmune cells. The EC IFN‐1 signature was increased both in patients with SSc versus controls and in patients with dcSSc versus those with lcSSc. Among EC subclusters, the IFN‐1 signature was statistically higher in the capillary ECs of patients with dcSSc, which was higher than those in patients with lcSSc, which in turn was higher than those in healthy controls (HCs). Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) scores increased in parallel. Deteriorated bleomycin‐induced dermal fibrosis, EndoMT, and perivascular fibrosis and caused blood vessel loss with EC apoptosis. Vascular myxovirus resistance (MX) 1, an IFN‐1 response protein, was significantly increased both in total SSc versus HC skin and in dcSSc versus lcSSc skin. Baseline vascular MX1 performed similarly to skin score in predicting disease progression over 6 to 34 months in total SSc and was superior in the dcSSc subpopulation. Conclusion: The EC IFN‐1 signature distinguished SSc skin subtypes and disease progression and may contribute to vasculopathy and fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground roll is usually considered as a common linear noise in land seismic data. The existence of the ground roll often masks the effective reflection information of underground media, resulting in the deterioration of seismic data quality. Therefore, ground roll suppression is one of the main tasks in seismic data processing. A large number of previous studies have proved that the time‐frequency signal processing method based on mathematical transformation has shown excellent performance in ground roll attenuation and still has development potential. Meanwhile, a convolutional neural network, as one of the popular deep learning technologies, has also been widely used in the field of seismic signal processing. In this paper, we combine the convolutional neural network with the time‐frequency signal processing method based on mathematical transformation, that is, spatial domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform, and propose a complete ground roll suppression workflow of shot gathers in spatial wavenumber domain, realizing high‐precision and automatic ground roll removal. Field data examples show that compared with bandpass filtering, FK filtering, time domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform, spatial domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform and the convolutional neural network, the spatial domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform convolutional neural network has achieved satisfactory results in effectively attenuating ground roll and retaining valid information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodetectors are critical components in intelligent optoelectronic systems, and photomultiplication‐capable devices are essential for detecting weak optical signals. Despite significant advances, developing photomultiplication‐type organic photodetectors with high gain and low noise current simultaneously remains challenging. In this work, a new conjugated polymer PDN with singlet open‐shell ground state is introduced in active layers for electron capture, and the corresponding PDN‐based photodetectors exhibited an enhanced photoelectric gain and decreased dark current density at a low forward bias. At 1.5 V, the PDN‐based ternary photodetector has the external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 2552.3 % and the specific detectivity of 1.4×1014 Jones at 710 nm calculated by the measured noise current, with the gain 22 times higher than that of the control group. This study provides an approach for exploiting polymers with singlet open‐shell ground state to enhance the gain of organic photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins in tears, including human lactoferrin (HLF), can be deposited and denatured on contact lenses, increasing the risk of microbial cell attachment to the lens and ocular complications. The surfactants currently used in commercial contact lens care solutions have low clearance ability for tear proteins. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) binds to a variety of proteins and has potential for use in protein removal, especially in contact lens care solutions. Here, we analyzed the interaction mechanism of COSs hydrolyzed from chitosan from different resources with HLF. The molecular weights (MWs) and concentrations of COSs were key factors for the formation of COS–HLF complexes. Lower MWs of COSs could form more stable COS–HLF complexes. COS from Aspergillus ochraceus had a superior effect on HLF compared with COS from shrimp and crab shell with the same MWs. In conclusion, COSs could bind to and cause a conformational change in HLF. Therefore, COSs, especially those with low MWs, have potential as deproteinizing agents in contact lens care solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There appears a steep increase in the prevalence of food allergy worldwide in the past few decades. It is believed that, rather than genetic factors, the recently altered dietary and environmental factors are the driving forces behind the rapid increase of this disease. Accumulating evidence has implied that external exposures that occurred in prenatal and postnatal periods could affect the development of oral tolerance in later life. Understanding the potential risk factors for food allergy would greatly benefit the progress of intervention and therapy. In this review, we present updated knowledge on the dietary and environmental risk factors in early life that have been shown to impact the development of food allergy. These predominantly include dietary habits, microbial exposures, allergen exposure routes, environmental pollutants, and so on. The key evidence, conflicts, and potential research topics of each theory are discussed, and associated interventional strategies to prevent the disease development and ameliorate treatment burden are included. Accumulating evidence has supported the causative role of certain dietary and environmental factors in the establishment of oral tolerance in early life, especially the time of introducing allergenic foods, skin barrier function, and microbial exposures. In addition to certain immunomodulatory factors, increasing interest is raised toward modern dietary patterns, where adequately powered studies are required to identify contributions of those modifiable risk factors. This review broadens our understanding of the connections between diet, environment, and early‐life immunity, thus benefiting the progress of intervention and therapy of food allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumour in the central nervous system, but the current treatment is very limited and unsatisfactory. PGE2‐initiated cAMP signalling via EP2 and EP4 receptors is involved in the tumourigenesis of multiple cancer types. However, whether or how EP2 and EP4 receptors contribute to GBM growth largely remains elusive. Experimental Approach: We performed comprehensive data analysis of gene expression in human GBM samples and determined their expression correlations through multiple bioinformatics approaches. A time‐resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR‐FRET) assay was utilized to characterize PGE2‐mediated cAMP signalling via EP2 and EP4 receptors in human glioblastoma cells. Using recently reported potent and selective small‐molecule antagonists, we determined the effects of inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors on GBM growth in subcutaneous and intracranial tumour models. Key Results: The expression of both EP2 and EP4 receptors was upregulated and highly correlated with a variety of tumour‐promoting cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in human gliomas. Further, they were heterogeneously expressed in human GBM cells, where they compensated for each other to mediate PGE2‐initiated cAMP signalling and to promote colony formation, cell invasion and migration. Inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors revealed that these receptors might mediate GBM growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion in a compensatory manner. Conclusion and Implications: The compensatory roles of EP2 and EP4 receptors in GBM development and growth suggest that concurrently targeting these two PGE2 receptors might represent a more effective strategy than inhibiting either alone for GBM treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette smoke aggravates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, they show that benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke extract facilitates SARS‐CoV‐2 infection via upregulating angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Benzo[a]pyrene trans‐activates the promoters of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by upregulating nuclear receptor subfamily 4 A number 2 (NR4A2) and promoting its binding of NR4A2 to their promoters, which is independent of functional genetic polymorphisms in ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Benzo[a]pyrene increases the susceptibility of lung epithelial cells to SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudoviruses and facilitates the infection of authentic Omicron BA.5 in primary human alveolar type II cells, lung organoids, and lung and testis of hamsters. Increased expression of Nr4a2, Ace2, and Tmprss2, as well as decreased methylation of CpG islands at the Nr4a2 promoter are observed in aged mice compared to their younger counterparts. NR4A2 knockdown or interferon‐λ2/λ3 stimulation downregulates the expression of NR4A2, ACE2, and TMPRSS2, thereby inhibiting the infection. In conclusion, benzo[a]pyrene enhances SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by boosting NR4A2‐induced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and provides prophylactic options for coronavirus disease 2019, particularly for the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High altitude exposure leads to various cognitive impairments. The cerebral vasculature system plays an integral role in hypoxia‐induced cognitive defects by reducing oxygen and nutrition supply to the brain. RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is susceptible to modification and regulates gene expression in response to environmental changes, including hypoxia. However, the biological significance of m6A in endothelial cell performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Using m6A‐seq, RNA immunoprcipitation‐seq, and transcriptomic co‐analysis, the molecular mechanism of vascular system remodeling under acute hypoxia is investigated. A novel m6A reader protein, proline‐rich coiled‐coil 2B (PRRC2B), exists in endothelial cells. PRRC2B knockdown promoted hypoxia‐induced endothelial cell migration by regulating alternative splicing of the alpha 1 chain of collagen type XII in an m6A‐dependent manner and the decay of matrix metallopeptidase domain 14 and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 mRNA in an m6A‐independent manner. In addition, conditional knockout of PRRC2B in endothelial cells promotes hypoxia‐induced vascular remodeling and cerebral blood flow redistribution, thus alleviating hypoxia‐induced cognitive decline. Therefore, PRRC2B is integral in the hypoxia‐induced vascular remodeling process as a novel RNA‐binding protein. These findings provide a new potential therapeutic target for hypoxia‐induced cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of SUI and explore the factors that could influence the severity of SUI in adult females. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A total of 1178 subjects were assessed using a risk‐factor questionnaires and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) and then divided into no SUI group, mild SUI group and moderate‐to‐severe SUI group according to the ICIQ‐SF score. Univariate analysis between adjacent groups and ordered logistic regression models in three groups were then performed to analysis the possible associated factor with the progressive of SUI. Results: The prevalence of SUI among adult women was 22.2% of them; 16.2% and 6% had mild SUI and moderate‐to‐severe SUI, respectively. Moreover, logistic analysis revealed that age, BMI, smoking, position preference for urination, urinary tract infections, urinary leaks during pregnancy, gynaecological inflammation and poor sleep quality were independent risk for the severity of SUI. Conclusion: SUI symptoms were mostly mild among Chinese females, specific risk factors such as unhealthy living habits and urination behaviours increased the risk of SUI and the aggravation of symptoms. Therefore, targeted interventions should be formulated for women to delay disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorescence of organic materials is highly dependent on intermolecular interactions, for the sensitive triplet excitons toward environment and aggregated structures. However, until now, relationship between phosphorescence and intermolecular interactions is still unclear for complicated influence factors and uncontrollable aggregated behaviors. Herein, taking temperature as the controlled variable, the afterglow can continuously change from blue to green, then to yellow, even achieve the white emission with deuteration process. It is mainly due to the hierarchical architectures of molecular aggregates with rational distribution of intermolecular interactions, as well as gradually unlocking process of interactions with different energies. Accordingly, the one‐to‐one correspondence between the determinate interactions and excited triplet states have been established, guiding accurate design of desirable phosphorescence materials by hierarchical control of aggregated structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In guided bone regeneration surgery, a barrier membrane is usually used to inhibit soft tissue from interfering with osteogenesis. However, current barrier membranes usually fail to resist the impact of external forces on bone‐augmented region, thus causing severe displacement of membranes and their underlying bone graft materials, eventually leading to unsatisfied bone augmentation. Herein, a new class of local double‐layered adhesive barrier membranes (ABMs) is developed to successfully immobilize bone graft materials. The air‐dried adhesive hydrogel layers with suction‐adhesion properties enable ABMs to firmly adhere to the wet bone surface through a "stick‐and‐use" band‐aid‐like strategy and effectively prevent the displacement of membranes and the leakage of bone grafts in uncontained bone defect treatment. Furthermore, the strategy is versatile for preparing diverse adhesive barrier membranes and immobilizing different bone graft materials for various surgical regions. By establishing such a continuous barrier for the bone graft material, this strategy may open a novel avenue for designing the next‐generation barrier membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the collation and collection of a large number of data, we construct an induced earthquake database, QuakeQuake, and report a total of 193 human‐induced earthquake cases in China. 155 human‐induced earthquakes in China recorded in the global‐induced earthquake database (HiQuake) are revisited and re‐arranged by compiling the Chinese literature. The human‐induced earthquakes in QuakeQuake database are classified into three levels of reliability, strong, moderate and weak levels, based on both human‐induced processes and seismic activity. Three main categories including reservoir‐induced earthquakes, mine‐induced earthquakes and other induced earthquakes in China are sorted based on data recording and types of the induced earthquakes. Most of the induced earthquakes with strong level in QuakeQuake database are mainly minor earthquakes (3 ≤ M < 4.5). The focal depth of reservoir‐induced and mining‐induced earthquakes is within 30 and 8 km deep, respectively. The active type of source faults of the large induced earthquakes is mainly thrust type with the highest proportion. The largest observed magnitude of the induced earthquakes (MMAX) correlates positively with the injection/extraction volume, reservoir dam heights, reservoir capacity and lithology of the reservoir area. Nine volume intervals corresponding to each induced earthquake type are figured out. Based on the analysis of the mechanisms of human‐induced earthquakes in China, the main mechanisms of surface mass loading are karst collapse or gas explosion, pore water pressure effect and gravity energy release. Underground material extraction is mainly induced by the compaction of different reservoirs. Two injection types of underground material are gas injection and water injection. Gas injection is related to continuous stress loading and unloading. Two induction mechanisms of water injection are the increase of fault pore pressure and the change of fault load condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although advanced anode materials for the lithium‐ion battery have been investigated for decades, a reliable, high‐capacity, and durable material that can enable a fast charge remains elusive. Herein, we report that a metal phosphorous trichalcogenide of MnPS3 (manganese phosphorus trisulfide), endowed with a unique and layered van der Waals structure, is highly beneficial for the fast insertion/extraction of alkali metal ions and can facilitate changes in the buffer volume during cycles with robust structural stability. The few‐layered MnPS3 anodes displayed the desirable specific capacity and excellent rate chargeability owing to their good electronic and ionic conductivities. When assembled as a half‐cell lithium‐ion battery, a high reversible capacity of 380 mA h g−1 was maintained by the MnPS3 after 3000 cycles at a high current density of 4 A g−1, with a capacity retention of close to or above 100%. In full‐cell testing, a reversible capacity of 450 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles was maintained as well. The results of in‐situ TEM revealed that MnPS3 nanoflakes maintained a high structural integrity without exhibiting any pulverization after undergoing large volumetric expansion for the insertion of a large number of lithium ions. Their kinetics of lithium‐ion diffusion, stable structure, and high pseudocapacitance contributed to their comprehensive performance, for example, a high specific capacity, rapid charge–discharge, and long cyclability. MnPS3 is thus an efficient anode for the next generation of batteries with a fast charge/discharge capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐noble metal catalysts now play a key role in promoting efficiently and economically catalytic reduction of CO2 into clean energy, which is an important strategy to ameliorate global warming and resource shortage issues. Here, a non‐noble bimetallic catalyst of CoFe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles is successfully designed with a core–shell structure that is well dispersed on the defect‐rich carbon substrate for the hydrogenation of CO2 under mild conditions. The catalysts exhibit a high CO2 conversion activity with the rate of 30% and CO selectivity of 99%, and extremely robust stability without performance decay over 90 h in the reverse water gas shift reaction process. Notably, it is found that the reversible exsolution/dissolution of cobalt in the Fe3O4 shell will lead to a dynamic and reversible deactivation/regeneration of the catalysts, accompanying by shell thickness breathing during the repeated cycles, via atomic structure study of the catalysts at different reaction stages. Combined with density functional theory calculations, the catalytic activity reversible regeneration mechanism is proposed. This work reveals the structure–property relationship for rational structure design of the advanced non‐noble metallic catalyst materials with much improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of the changes in the immune microenvironment during pulmonary bacterial acute and chronic infections is limited. The dissection of immune system may provide a basis for effective therapeutic strategies against bacterial infection. Here, we describe a single immune cell atlas of mouse lungs after acute and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection using single‐cell transcriptomics, multiplex immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Our single‐cell transcriptomic analysis revealed large‐scale comprehensive changes in immune cell composition and high variation in cell–cell interactions after acute and chronic P. aeruginosa infection. Bacterial infection reprograms the genetic architecture of immune cell populations. We identified specific immune cell types, including Cxcl2+ B cells and interstitial macrophages, in response to acute and chronic infection, such as their proportions, distribution, and functional status. Importantly, the patterns of immune cell response are drastically different between acute and chronic infection models. The distinct molecular signatures highlight the importance of the highly dynamic cell–cell interaction process in different pathological conditions, which has not been completely revealed previously. These findings provide a comprehensive and unbiased immune cellular landscape for respiratory pathogenesis in mice, enabling further understanding of immunologic mechanisms in infection and inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on safety and immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccinations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are limited. In this multicenter prospective study, HCC patients received two doses of inactivated whole‐virion COVID‐19 vaccines. The safety and neutralizing antibody were monitored. Totally, 74 patients were enrolled from 10 centers in China, and 37 (50.0%), 25 (33.8%), and 12 (16.2%) received the CoronaVac, BBIBP‐CorV, and WIBP‐CorV, respectively. The vaccines were well tolerated, where pain at the injection site (6.8% [5/74]) and anorexia (2.7% [2/74]) were the most frequent local and systemic adverse events. The median level of neutralizing antibody was 13.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.9–23.2) AU/ml at 45 (IQR: 19–72) days after the second dose of vaccinations, and 60.8% (45/74) of patients had positive neutralizing antibody. Additionally, lower γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase level was related to positive neutralizing antibody (odds ratio = 1.022 [1.003–1.049], p = 0.049). In conclusion, this study found that inactivated COVID‐19 vaccinations are safe and the immunogenicity is acceptable or hyporesponsive in patients with HCC. Given that the potential benefits may outweigh the risks and the continuing emergences of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, we suggest HCC patients to be vaccinated against COVID‐19. Future validation studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in China from 2000 to 2018 the literature on norovirus outbreaks was identified by searching WANFANG, CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases before 31 December 2018. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Product Service Solutions software. RStudio1.4.1717 and ArcGIS trial version were used for plotting bar graphs and maps. A total of 419 norovirus outbreaks were reported in the 394 included articles, which occurred between June 2000 and October 2018, showing an overall increasing trend. The majority of outbreaks occurred in schools (52.28%, 218/417) and kindergartens (55/417, 13.19%). Person‐to‐person transmission (41.64%, 137/329) was most common, followed by food‐borne transmission (75/329, 22.80%) and water‐borne transmission (72/329, 21.88%). GII was the most predominant norovirus genogroup, with GII.4, GII.17 and GII.2 being the dominant genotypes in 2007–2013, 2014–2015, 2016–2017, respectively. Increased outbreaks were associated with the prevalence of new variants. Most norovirus outbreaks were reported in the southeast of the country. The number of norovirus outbreaks was positively associated with the per capita gross domestic product and the year‐end resident population. Norovirus outbreaks have become an important public health problem in China. It is necessary to establish surveillance in hospitals and nursing homes. Genotyping of noroviruses is important for monitoring the circulating strains and improving the vaccine design, so it should be carried out in more regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of ammonium perchlorate (AP) addition on the combustion reaction process of dihydroxylammonium 5,5'‐bistetrazole‐1,1'‐ diolate (TKX‐50), a concentrated ignition system was used to evaluate the ignition and combustion characteristics of the samples. The self‐luminescence characteristics and the OH concentration distribution in the flame of TKX‐50 and TKX‐50/AP composites were captured by a high‐speed camera and a planar laser induced fluorescence system (PLIF), respectively. The combustion products were then analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the reaction of TKX‐50 undergoes three stages with concentrated ignition, and a bright yellow color appears in the flame due to the formation of NH2α during the combustion process. When the materials of AP is added, there are pre‐ignition occurred for twice. The ignition delay time increases, and the reaction in the pyrolysis phase is more intense. Besides, the burning rate is faster and the flame brightness is significantly weakened due to the decrease of NH2α. During the combustion process, the high‐concentration OH signal of the two samples distribute on the two wings of the flames, and the peak signals are similar under the 10 Hz laser excitation. For the samples before and after the combustion reaction, the morphology is quite different, and the specific residue composition needs be further analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Researchers investigated the organic optoelectronic materials and facilitated their development in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), chemo‐ and biosensors, organic solar cells, data storage, and anticounterfeiting devices. Atoms make up molecules through chemical bonds, and molecular aggregates are formed through weak intermolecular interactions. The opto‐electronic performance of these materials depends on not only the properties of the well‐designed molecules with specific function groups, but also their aggregate states. The molecular aggregates in the form of nanoparticles can be applied in biological imaging, and films can be applied to photovoltaic and photodeformable devices, in which, the alignment of optoelectronic molecules can be either an ordered crystalline or an amorphous state. Generally, the crystalline materials could be deeply investigated by single crystal/powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, which could provide the accurate information about molecular conformations, interactions and packing characteristics. It afforded a convenient way to investigate the possible relationship between molecular aggregates and opto‐electronic properties. Among various opto‐electronic materials, organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials exhibit the extremely sensitive luminescence property to molecular aggregates, even the dynamic properties can be detected by the tiny change of molecular aggregates. Thus, we selected the organic RTP emission as the output information of molecular aggregates, and afforded typical examples to find the possible relation between RTP effect and molecular packing. Accordingly, molecular packing can be adjusted by the external force as light, mechanical force, temperature, electric field, and so on, as well as the molecular structures as the building blocks, and the systematic investigation in the dynamic and static aggregation structures is of great value to the design of various optoelectronic materials. This review discusses the relationship among molecular structures, aggregation behaviors and corresponding optoelectronic properties by a comprehensive summary of recent research in our group, and the concept of molecular uniting set identified characteristic (MUSIC) is afforded. What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group? The concept of "Suitable Isolation Group" for molecular design of organic second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Molecular packing is highlighted as the key point to opto‐electronic materials, which are partially summarized in this mini review to present "MUSIC" in the molecular world. How do you supervise your students? Discussions. We do discussions for science, interests and other topics related to research together, through which to solve the encountered problems. What is the most important personality for scientific research? Curiosity, desire to advance, persistence, sense of urgency, and team spirit. What are your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?? Listening to music and reading books, and my favorite book is "Tao Te Ching (道德经)". Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry? There are many different approaches to improve CJC, perhaps, to attract and publish good papers is the key, especially those from Chinese authors since the chemistry in China develops rapidly. If you have anything else to tell our readers, please feel free to do so? While pursuing new published exciting papers, it is a very good habit to read related old excellent literatures and the classics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendronized hyperbranched polymers (DHPs) can provide advantages for both hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, making them a promising structure platform for high‐performance second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, a new A3+B2‐type DHP (HP2) is reported through facile and efficient [2+2] cycloaddition polymer postfunctionalization, in which tetracyanobutadienyl‐based moieties are introduced as the main chromophores while isophorone‐bridged moieties serve as the isolation chromophores. Benefiting from this unique hyperbranched structure design, the measured second‐harmonic generation coefficient of HP2 can reach up to 96.6 pm V−1 with high thermal stability, making it a good material candidate for second‐order NLO applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysosomes are degradative organelles and play vital roles in a variety of cellular processes. Ion channels on the lysosomal membrane are key regulators of lysosomal function. TMEM175 has been identified as a lysosomal potassium channel, but its modulation and physiological functions remain unclear. Here, we show that the apoptotic regulator Bcl‐2 binds to and inhibits TMEM175 activity. Accordingly, Bcl‐2 inhibitors activate the channel in a caspase‐independent way. Increased TMEM175 function inhibits mitophagy, disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, and increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS further activates TMEM175 and thus forms a positive feedback loop to augment apoptosis. In a 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), knockout (KO) of TMEM175 mitigated motor impairment and dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, suggesting that TMEM175‐mediated apoptosis plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Overall, our study reveals that TMEM175 is an important regulatory site in the apoptotic signaling pathway and a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Synopsis: The anti‐apoptotic mitochondrial protein Bcl‐2 regulates lysosomal K+ channel TMEM175. TMEM175 forms a positive feedback loop with ROS to augment apoptosis and promote the death of DA neurons in Parkinson's disease. Anti‐apoptotic mitochondrial protein Bcl‐2 binds to and regulates lysosomal potassium channel TMEM175.TMEM175 inhibits mitophagy, impairs mitochondrial function, and consequently increases ROS production.ROS activates TMEM175 through a positive feedback loop to augment apoptosis.TMEM175‐mediated apoptosis promotes the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate prediction of formation pressure is important in oil/gas exploration and development. However, the achievement of this goal remains challenging, due to insufficient logging data and the low predictive data accuracy from seismic data. In this work, a case study was carried out in the Baima area of Wulong, in order to develop a workflow for accurately predicting shale gas formation pressure. The multi‐channel stack method was first used, as well as the inversion of single‐channel seismic data, to construct velocity and density models of the formation. Combined with the existing well‐logging data, the velocity and density models of the whole well section were established. The shale gas formation pressure was then estimated using the Eaton method. The results show that the multi‐channel seismic stacking method has a higher accuracy than the inversion of the formation velocity obtained by the single‐channel seismic method. The discrepancies between our predicted formation pressure and the actual formation pressure measurement are within an acceptable range, indicating that our workflow is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play key roles in many biological processes, such as development and response to multiple stresses. However, little is known about their roles in generating novel phenotypes and phenotypic variation during the course of animal evolution. Here, we, for the first time, characterized the miRNAs of the cochlea in an echolocating bat (Rhinolophus affinis). We sampled eight individuals from two R. affinis subspecies with significant echolocation call frequency differences. We identified 365 miRNAs and 121 of them were novel. By searching sequences of these miRNAs precursors in multiple high‐quality mammal genomes, we found one specific miRNA shared by all echolocating bats but not present in all other nonecholocating mammals. The targeted genes of this miRNA included several known hearing genes (e.g., KCNQ4 and GJB6). Together with the matched mRNA‐seq data, we identified 1766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two subspecies and 555 of them were negatively regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). We found that almost half of known hearing genes in the list of all DEGs were regulated negatively by DEMs, suggesting an important role of miRNAs in call frequency variation of the two subspecies. These targeted DEGs included several important hearing genes (e.g., Piezo1, Piezo2, and CDH23) that have been shown to be important in ultrasonic hearing of echolocating mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants, particularly those with multiple mutations in receptor‐binding domain (RBD), pose a critical challenge to the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines and therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, as well as the recent emergence of C.1.2, B.1.630, B.1.640.1, and B.1.640.2, have multiple mutations in RBD and may lead to severe neutralizing antibody evasion. It is urgent to evaluate the antigenic change of the above seven variants against mAbs and sera from guinea pigs immunized with variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron) and variants of interest (VOIs) (Lambda, Mu) immunogens. Only seven out of the 24 mAbs showed no reduction in neutralizing activity against BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3. However, among these seven mAbs, the neutralization activity of XGv337 and XGv338 against C.1.2, B.1.630, B.1.640.1, and B.1.640.2 were decreased. Therefore, only five neutralizing mAbs showed no significant change against these seven variants. Using VOCs and VOIs as immunogens, we found that the antigenicity of variants could be divided into three clusters, and each cluster showed similar antigenicity to different immunogens. Among them, D614G, B.1.640.1, and B.1.630 formed a cluster, C.1.2 and B.1.640.2 formed a cluster, and BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 formed a cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 continue to emerge, posing great challenges in outbreak prevention and control. It is important to understand in advance the impact of possible variants of concern (VOCs) on infectivity and antigenicity. Here, we constructed one or more of the 15 high‐frequency naturally occurring amino acid changes in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants. A single mutant of A520S, V367F, and S494P in the above three VOCs enhanced infectivity in ACE2‐overexpressing 293T cells of different species, LLC‐MK2 and Vero cells. Aggregation of multiple RBD mutations significantly reduces the infectivity of the possible three VOCs. Regarding neutralization, it is noteworthy that E484K, N501Y, K417N, and N439K predispose to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protection failure in the 15 high‐frequency mutations. Most importantly, almost all possible VOCs (single RBD mutation or aggregation of multiple mutations) showed no more than a fourfold decrease in neutralizing activity with convalescent sera, vaccine sera, and immune sera of guinea pigs with different immunogens, and no significant antigenic drift was formed. In conclusion, our pseudovirus results could reduce the concern that the aggregation of multiple high‐frequency mutations in the RBD of the spike protein of the three VOCs would lead to severe antigenic drift, and this would provide value for vaccine development strategies. Highlights: Infectivity increased by adding three VOCs of V367F, S494P, or A520S.The infectivity of the three VOCs with multiple high‐frequency mutations decreased.Almost all of the possible variants of the three VOCs did not show severe antigenic drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon is widely developed and deemed as a hopeful anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, till now there is very little literature devoted to its study for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). One possible reason is the preparation difficultly of carefully crafted amorphous silicon (a‐Si) structures by a facile and low‐cost method. Another reason is that a‐Si suffers from large volume expansion, slow sodium diffusion kinetics, and poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a new method called as "sodiothermic reduction" is used to prepare a‐Si hollow nanospheres at a much lower temperature. Moreover, an a‐Si‐based composite with yolk‐shell structure is designed via atomic layer deposition of alumina, in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole, and dilute HCl etching. The obtained composite as an anode material for SIBs displays a great initial discharge capacity of 645.6 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1, superior long steadiness up to 5000 cycles at 800 mA g–1, and preeminent rate capability (646.4, 193.5, 138.6, 105, 77.5 mAh g–1 at 100, 400, 800, 1500, 3000 mA g–1, respectively). In situ transmission electron microscopy observation on the structure evolution and finite element analysis of the stress–strain behavior are combined to further prove the merits of the well‐designed yolk–shell structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a severe inherited lipid metabolism dysfunction, characterised by high-total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.1 Mutation of I LDLR i , I PCSK9 i and I APOB i are the most common genetic etiology of FH.2 Currently, the statins therapy is the mainstay treatment for FH.3 However, higher rate of side effect and statin-induced PCSK9 increase limits statins efficacy of LDL lowering.4 As an alternative to the statins therapy, PCSK9 inhibitors treatment is effective in the vast majority of FH patients, but LDLR homozygous deletion patients fail to respond to it.3 Therefore, exploring and developing new lipid-lowering drugs are of great significance. In line therewith, LDLR SP Q722* sp increased the LDL uptake by 2.35-fold (compared with control group, I p i = 0.0014), while decreased LDL uptake by 80.3% (compared with wild-type LDLR, I p i < 0.001; Figures 1H, S1G) in I Ldlr SP -/- sp i primary hepatocytes. Small extracellular vesicles containing LDLRQ722* protein reconstructed the lipid metabolism via heparan sulphate proteoglycans and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (C) Ad-LDLRWT, Ad-LDLRQ722* and Ad-control were transfected into HepG2 cell, the supernatantAd-LDLR-WT, supernatantAd-LDLR-Q722*, supernatantAd-LDLR-control were collected. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: Sedentary behaviors are activities that expend less energy than 1.5 metabolic equivalents, such as watching TV, sitting. We aim to systematically review the evidence to determine the association of sedentary behavior (SB) with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and the associations of SB with health outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two researchers independently performed a literature search using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source, and the Sedentary Behavior Research Database for studies published up to January 27, 2021. Randomized controlled trials, quasi‐experimental studies, and observational studies were screened and selected if SB was assessed in the context of gestational diabetes mellitus. Two reviewers extracted the relevant information and independently assessed the included studies for quality and bias. Results: Eighteen studies were included, involving 60 804 patients, and the timeline of the original study included was from 2006 to 2021. Our review showed that SB before pregnancy was not associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, while SB during pregnancy was uncertain about the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. In addition, there were significant associations between SB time and metabolic outcomes. In addition, SB may cause some adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Conclusion: SB is likely to be the intermediary variable between occurrence of GDM and adverse maternal and infant outcome, rather than a direct influencing factor. Limited by the quantity and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high‐quality studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mariana subduction structure is a hot topic in ocean‐ocean subduction zone research, and its subduction mechanism has attracted wide attention from experts and scholars in China and abroad. Based on the multi‐channel seismic data of survey line MGL1204 in the Mariana fore‐arc and DSDP ocean drilling data, this paper studies the development and evolution characteristics of the structure and strata in the Cenozoic Mariana fore‐arc sedimentary basin. The Cenozoic strata are divided into six seismic sequences, with the possible era of each seismic sequence discerned, and the relationship between fault development and earthquakes analyzed. The episodic activity of the volcanic chain of the Mariana island arc is thought to control the tectonic and stratigraphic development pattern of the Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the fore‐arc. Between 16°N–19°N and 146°E–151°E, the maximum thickness of the sedimentary center of the Cenozoic fore‐arc sedimentary basin in Mariana is about 2360 m. Normal faults are developed in the area and some broke to the seabed, indicating that the Mariana island arc is still in the post‐arc expansion stage. The application of multi‐channel seismic sections in structural and stratigraphic evolution study is an important means to elucidating the Mariana subduction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]