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By integrating TiO2 with rare earth upconversion nanocrystals (NaREF4), efficient energy transfer can be achieved between the two subunits under near‐infrared (NIR) excitation, which hold tremendous potential in the fields of photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy (PDT), etc. However, in the previous studies, the combination of TiO2 with NaREF4 is a non‐epitaxial random blending mode, resulting in a diminished energy transfer efficiency between the NaREF4 and TiO2. Herein, we present a fluorine doping‐mediated epitaxial growth strategy for the synthesis of TiO2‐NaREF4 heteronanocrystals (HNCs). Due to the epitaxial growth connection, NaREF4 can transfer energy through phonon‐assisted pathway to TiO2, which is more efficient than the traditional indirect secondary photon excitation. Additionally, F doping brings oxygen vacancies in the TiO2 subunit, which further introduces new impurity energy levels in the intrinsic band gap of TiO2 subunit, and facilitates the energy transfer through phonon‐assisted method from NaREF4 to TiO2. As a proof of concept, TiO2‐NaGdF4 : Yb,Tm@NaYF4@NaGdF4 : Nd@NaYF4 HNCs were rationally constructed. Taking advantage of the dual‐model up‐ and downconversion luminescence of the delicately designed multi‐shell structured NaREF4 subunit, highly efficient photo‐response capability of the F‐doped TiO2 subunit and the efficient phonon‐assisted energy transfer between them, the prepared HNCs provide a distinctive nanoplatform for bioimaging‐guided NIR‐triggered PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic therapy based on the nanozymes has received increasing interest in cancer treatment. However, the catalytic capabilities of standalone nanozymes are relatively limited, necessitating the development of a nano‐bio composite system that integrates both nanozymes and natural enzymes. This construction often inevitably leads to interference between natural enzyme and nanozymes, resulting in reduced synergistic performance. Herein, a cascade catalysis system featuring the "core@paratroopers" structure is proposed, wherein hollow manganese dioxide (HMnO2) serves as "core" and ultra‐small hybrid single‐micelle (H‐micelle) encapsulated with glucose oxidase (GOx) as "paratroopers" (H‐micelle‐GOx). The outer SiO2 layer of the H‐micelle can effectively protect the GOx. Under hypoxic conditions, HMnO2 reacts with endogenous H2O2 to produce O2, thereby enhancing the catalytic efficiency of GOx for starvation therapy. Simultaneously, the generated H2O2 boosts the catalytic efficiency of HMnO2, accelerating local O2 generation and alleviating tumor hypoxia. Additionally, this system exhibits rapid degradation in the tumor microenvironment characterized by high glutathione (GSH) expression, facilitating the release and deep penetration of the ultra‐small H‐micelle‐GOx "paratroopers" within the solid tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthetic pathway for Etiracetam depends on alpha‐ethyl‐2‐oxo‐1‐pyrrolidineacetic acid (AEOPA) as a crucial intermediate. This paper presents an enzymatic synthesis approach for producing (R)‐AEOPA. Through database mining, we discovered a tauriopine dehydrogenase capable of catalyzing the reaction between γ‐aminobutyric acid and 2‐oxobutyric acid, resulting in the synthesis of (R)‐4‐(carboxypropylamino) butyric acid with a specific activity of 6.74 U/mg. By enhancing substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of CgTaDH through protein engineering, we achieved a 5.9‐fold increase in enzyme activity compared to the wild type. Further optimization led to a space‐time yield (STY) of 3.95 g/L/h for (R)‐4‐(carboxypropyl amino) butyric acid and a high yield of 73.0 % for the final product, (R)‐AEOPA. This study demonstrates a novel synthesis method for (R)‐AEOPA and highlights the potential of biocatalysis in improving the production of Etiracetam through successful enzymatic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native bone inherently requires a balanced ionic microenvironment to maintain bone homeostasis. Hence, scaffolds designed for the sustained release of therapeutic ions into bone defects hold great promise for bone regeneration. Magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) are essential elements, which play crucial roles in the process of bone regeneration, impacting immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Herein, porous cryogel‐type organic–inorganic composite microspheres are developed as injectable microscaffolds (denoted as GMN). GMN enables sustained release of Mg/Si ions at an optimized ratio, achieving the most significant synergistic effect on vascularized bone regeneration. Various conditioned media are obtained to explore angiogenesis‐osteogenesis coupling, as well as the crosstalk between bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and macrophages. Meanwhile, autocrine and paracrine effects simultaneously play synergistic modulating functions in determining cell fates under the guidance of Mg/Si ions and biofactors secreted by cells. Overall, the Mg/Si ion‐engineering microscaffolds create a conducive microenvironment to efficiently augment the regeneration of vascularized bone tissue in vivo, offering a versatile platform for tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical sensors using zero‐reflection points (ZRPs) enable excellent sensitivity due to the accompanying phase singularities and the steepest slope of the reflectivity curve. Here, the collaborative manipulation of three ZRPs in a simple platform formed by a lithography‐free, metal‐dielectric‐metal structure with unsurpassed, experimentally demonstrated, limit of detection ≈2 × 10−8 refractive index unit is reported. The sensor relies on: i) strong coupling between p‐polarized surface plasmon polariton and photonic waveguide, leading to reflection suppression, Rabi splitting and phase singularities; ii) simultaneous implementation of two orthogonally polarized ZRPs, enabling spectral overlap of s‐polarized photonic modes (Rs) with the coupled p‐polarized resonances (Rp); and iii) ellipsometry‐based sensing where the s‐polarized ZRPs provide a stable reference to boost the sensor performance in terms of the amplitude ratio and phase difference of Rp and Rs thereby naturally forming a refinement measuring scale akin to a Vernier scale. Remarkably, the precise manipulation of ZRPs enables resetting the sensor to its optimal sensing point. The capability has been demonstrated for a biosensor of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S2) protein that can track the full functionalization process then reset to perform dose‐dependent detection of the S2 protein. This work provides a new strategy for the development of optical sensors and perfect light absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐assembly processes triggered by physical or chemical driving forces have been applied to fabricate hierarchical materials with subtle nanostructures. However, various physicochemical processes often interfere with each other, and their precise control has remained a great challenge. Here, in this paper, a rational synthesis of 1D magnetite‐chain and mesoporous‐silica‐nanorod (Fe3O4&mSiO2) branched magnetic nanochains via a physical–chemical coupling coassembly approach is reported. Magnetic‐field‐induced assembly of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and isotropic/anisotropic assembly of mesoporous silica are coupled to obtain the delicate 1D branched magnetic mesoporous nanochains. The nanochains with a length of 2–3 µm in length are composed of aligned Fe3O4@mSiO2 nanospheres with a diameter of 150 nm and sticked‐out 300 nm long mSiO2 branches. By properly coordinating the multiple assembly processes, the density and length of mSiO2 branches can well be adjusted. Because of the unique rough surface and length in correspondence to bacteria, the designed 1D Fe3O4&mSiO2 branched magnetic nanochains show strong bacterial adhesion and pressuring ability, performing bacterial inhibition over 60% at a low concentration (15 µg mL−1). This cooperative coassembly strategy deepens the understanding of the micro‐nanoscale assembly process and lays a foundation for the preparation of the assembly with adjustable surface structures and the subsequent construction of complex multilevel structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint blocking and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has achieved promising results in clinical applications. However, it faces challenges that hinder its further development, such as limited response rates and poor tumor permeability. The efficiency of tumor immunotherapy is also closely linked to the structure and function of the immune microenvironment where the tumor resides. Recently, nanoparticle‐based tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) modulation strategies have attracted a great deal of attention in cancer immunotherapy. This is primarily due to the distinctive physical characteristics of nanoparticles, which enable them to effectively infiltrate the TIME and selectively modulate its key constituents. This paper reviews recent advances in nanoparticle engineering to improve anti‐cancer immunotherapy. Emerging nanoparticle‐based approaches for modulating immune cells, tumor stroma, cytokines and immune checkpoints are discussed, aiming to overcome current challenges in the clinic. In addition, integrating immunotherapy with various treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy can be facilitated through the utilization of nanoparticles, thereby enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment. The future challenges and opportunities of using nanomaterials to reeducate the suppressive immune microenvironment of tumors are also discussed, with the aim of anticipating further advancements in this growing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The school is one of the most salient developmental contexts for children. However, little is known about the associations linking the school environment to child adjustment in a non‐Western context, not to mention the potential processes that may mediate these associations. Aims: This study examined the associations of school‐ and classroom‐level characteristics with child adjustment and tested whether these associations were mediated by teacher–child relationship qualities. Sample: Cross‐sectional data were collected on a representative sample of 1777 children (mean age = 55.14 months; 50% of them were girls) from 100 kindergartens in Hong Kong, China. Methods: Using self‐reported questionnaires, teachers rated their school‐level environments, their classroom chaos, their closeness and conflict with children and children's socioemotional competence and academic ability. Meanwhile, parents rated children's behavioural problems. Results: Multilevel structural equation modelling revealed that the school‐level environment and classroom chaos were uniquely associated with children's socioemotional, behavioural and academic adjustment. Moreover, the associations of the school‐level environment and classroom chaos with child socioemotional and academic adjustment were mediated by teacher–child closeness and conflict, whereas the associations of the school‐level environment and classroom chaos with child behavioural problems were mediated by teacher–child conflict only. Conclusions: Findings indicated how school‐ and classroom‐level characteristics may be uniquely associated with child adjustment and how teacher–child relationships may be implicated in the underlying mechanism, highlighting the potential utility of targeting school‐ and classroom‐level environments and teacher–child relationships in promoting child development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debris flow is a highly destructive natural disaster, necessitating accurate simulation and prediction. Existing simulation methods tend to be overly simplified, neglecting the three‐dimensional complexity and multiphase fluid interactions, and they also lack comprehensive consideration of soil conditions. We propose a novel two‐particle debris flow simulation method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for enhanced accuracy. Our method employs a sophisticated two‐particle model coupling debris flow dynamics with SPH to simulate fluid‐solid interaction effectively, which considers various soil factors, dividing terrain into variable and fixed areas, incorporating soil impact factors for realistic simulation. By dynamically updating positions and reconstructing surfaces, and employing GPU and hash lookup acceleration methods, we achieve accurate simulation with significantly efficiency. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our method across different conditions, making it valuable for debris flow risk assessment in natural disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To examine standardized uptake valuemax of the primary lesion (pSUVmax) and tumor markers (TMs) for clinically predicting distant metastasis in novo lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: The current retrospective observational study examined individuals diagnosed with de novo lung adenocarcinoma at Shanxi Cancer Hospital between February 2015 and December 2019. Results: Totally, 532 de novo lung adenocarcinoma cases were included. They were aged 60.8 ± 9.7 years and comprised 224 women and 268 patients with distant metastasis. The areas under the curves (AUCs) of pSUVmax, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin‐19 fragment (CYFRA21‐1), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and Grade of TMs for predicting distant metastasis were 0.742, 0.601, 0.671, 0.700, 0.736, and 0.745, respectively. The combination of pSUVmax, LDH, CEA, CYFRA21‐1, CA125, and grade of TMs in predicting distant metastasis had an AUC value of 0.816 (95%CI: 0.781–0.851), with sensitivity of 89.2%, specificity of 58.7%, positive predictive value of 73.7%, and negative predictive value of 79.7%, respectively. Conclusions: pSUVmax combined with serum levels of LDH, CEA, CYFRA21‐1, CA125, and the grade of TMs may have good performance in predicting distant metastasis of de novo lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and mortality has not been extensively researched among individuals with varying diabetic status. This study aimed to compare the relationship of OSAS with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in US individuals with or without diabetes based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: The study included participants from the NHANES 2005–2008 and 2015–2018 cycles with follow‐up information. OSAS data (OSAS.MAP10) was estimated from the questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of OSAS for mortality were calculated by Cox regression analysis in populations with different diabetes status. The relationships between OSAS and mortality risk were examined using survival curves and restricted cubic spline curves. Results: A total of 13 761 participants with 7.68 ± 0.042 follow‐up years were included. In the nondiabetic group, OSAS.MAP10 was positively associated with all‐cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. In individuals with prediabetes, OSAS.MAP10 was positively related to all‐cause mortality (HR 1.11 [95% CI: 1.03–1.20]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.17 [95% CI: 1.03–1.33]). The relationship between OSAS.MAP10 and the risk of all‐cause mortality and cancer mortality exhibited L‐shaped curves in diabetes patients (both with nonlinear p values <.01). Further threshold effect analysis revealed that OSAS was positively related to death risk when OSAS.MAP10 exceeded the threshold scores. Conclusion: The relationship between OSAS and mortality differed among participants with or without diabetes. Individualized clinical treatment plans should be developed in clinical practice to reduce the risk of death for patients with different metabolic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of this work was to examine the potential implications of mothers' work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) for their sensitivity and provision of learning opportunities in parenting from infancy through middle childhood, with maternal depressive symptoms tested as a possible mediator. Background: To inform practice more effectively, researchers need to delineate the temporal dynamics for maternal experiences of work–family interface and also elucidate their dynamic implications for parenting over the family life course. Method: Five‐wave, cross‐lagged panel models with mediators were tested using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). Results: Although little evidence was obtained with respect to the direct links, several indirect effect cascades were identified, such that WFC at an earlier wave was associated with compromised parental functioning at a later wave via increases in depressive symptoms at a middle wave, regardless of child development periods and parenting domains and being net of extensive covariates. In addition, a transactional pattern emerged for the positive link between maternal WFC and mental distress over time. A large set of supplementary analyses were also conducted to test the robustness of the identified effects and to address potential moderating roles of some key covariates (e.g., child temperament difficulty). Conclusion: Such findings highlight the importance of illuminating the temporal dynamics for the link between maternal experiences of work–family interface and parenting from a life course perspective. Implications: Irrespective of child development periods and parenting domains, interventions targeted at facilitating mothers' navigation of work–family challenges as well as improving their psychological well‐being appear to be ultimately beneficial for their parental role functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reprogramming metabolic flux is a promising approach for constructing efficient microbial cell factories (MCFs) to produce chemicals. However, how to boost the transmission efficiency of metabolic flux is still challenging in complex metabolic pathways. In this study, metabolic flux is systematically reprogrammed by regulating flux size, flux direction, and flux rate to build an efficient MCF for chondroitin production. The ammoniation pool for UDP‐GalNAc synthesis and the carbonization pool for UDP‐GlcA synthesis are first enlarged to increase flux size for providing enough precursors for chondroitin biosynthesis. Then, the ammoniation pool and the carbonization pool are rematched using molecular valves to shift flux direction from cell growth to chondroitin biosynthesis. Next, the adaptability of polymerization pool with the ammoniation and carbonization pools is fine‐tuned by dynamic and static valve‐based adapters to accelerate flux rate for polymerizing UDP‐GalNAc and UDP‐GlcA to produce chondroitin. Finally, the engineered strain E. coli F51 is able to produce 9.2 g L−1 chondroitin in a 5‐L bioreactor. This strategy shown here provides a systematical approach for regulating metabolic flux in complex metabolic pathways for efficient biosynthesis of chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined whether shared leisure offers protection against negative associations between financial distress and relationship quality (satisfaction and commitment) for lower‐ and higher‐income couples. We expected husbands' and wives' reports of shared leisure would be protective of the effects of financial distress (Time 2) on relationship satisfaction (Time 3) and commitment (Time 4) for higher‐income couples (but not lower‐income couples). Participants were drawn from a nationally representative, longitudinal study of US newly married couples. The analytic sample included both members of 1382 different‐gender couples with data across the three sampled waves of data collection. Shared leisure was largely protective of the effects of financial distress on husbands' commitment for higher‐income couples. For lower‐income couples, higher shared leisure exacerbated this effect. These effects were only found at extreme levels of household income and shared leisure. When considering if couples who play together stay together, our findings suggest that it can, but it is critical to understand the financial situation of the couple and the resources they may have to support shared leisure activities. Professionals working with couples should consider their financial situation when making recommendation to engage in shared leisure, such as going out for recreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by an intersectional feminism framework, we used three‐wave, dyadic survey data from a nationally representative sample of 1625 U.S. different‐gender newlywed couples to test three research questions. First, as balanced power is considered a key concept for relational well‐being in feminism, we examined developmental trajectories in husbands' and wives' perception of power (im)balance. Second, considering money as a major influence on power and aggression, we examined how financial behaviors relate to power (im)balance and in turn relational aggression—a type of intimate partner violence that is controlling and manipulative in nature. Third, informed by the intersectionality between gender and socioeconomic status (SES), we examined gender differences and SES disparities in the associations among financial behaviors, developmental trajectories of perception of power (im)balance, and relational aggression. Our findings demonstrate that newlywed different‐gender couples are experiencing power struggles, where two partners diminish each other's influence over time. We also found that healthy financial behaviors are associated with balanced power and, in turn, less relational aggression (especially for wives and in lower‐SES households). Taken collectively, we continue calling for efforts to facilitate money management skills and promote balanced marital power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer electrolyte‐based batteries show great promise because of their safe operating properties, wide voltage window and suitable flexibility. However, low ionic conductivity, low cation transfer number, weak oxidation/reduction resistance and low mechanical strength limit their implementation in Zn ion batteries. Here, w e developed a "polymer‐in‐salt" Zn2+‐conductive solid electrolyte (denoted as 70% salt‐SPE) constructed by a simple and fast phase transition method. The room‐temperature ionic conductivity and the transfer number of the 70% salt‐SPE reaches 1.6 mS cm−1 and 0.78, respectively. Meanwhile, the ZnF2‐rich inorganic/organic hybrid solid electrolyte interface is formed, and the stable voltage window reaches 9.35 V. In consequence, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell continuously cycles over 700 hours at current density of 2 mA cm−2 and the Zn||Cu symmetric battery runs with Coulombic efficiency of >99%. The Zn||MnPBA full battery delivers a discharge specific capacity of 109 mAh g−1 at room temperature and 190 mAh g−1 at 60 °C. Meanwhile, impressive cyclic stability of 6000 cycles with capacity retention of 80% is achieved, which originates from the effectively optimized ion transport action and dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women, and it also is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. As a highly heterogeneous disease, it is crucial to identify the molecular subtypes of breast cancer before individualized therapy. Therefore, we proposed a multiloss network framework to classify the breast cancer subtype based on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images. We employed the multiloss strategy to learn the low‐level features more efficiently and effectively, which would provide a better basis for extracting the high‐level features. Additionally, we also proposed a decomposed attention block (DA), which not only captured the interdependencies between all channels but also the precise positional information at the x‐ and y‐dimensions. The multiloss strategy enables the network to learn useful feature representations of breast cancer subtypes, and the DA block further improves the classification performance by capturing the information between channels and positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated how parental financial socialization was related to Hong Kong young adults' financial behaviors and well‐being amid COVID‐19. Background: We extended existing literature by including two types of financial behaviors: healthy money management (e.g., spending within budget) and financial enabling (i.e., overgiving and sharing financial resources). We focused on well‐being in financial and nonfinancial domains (i.e., financial well‐being and hopelessness, respectively). We also considered moderating roles of gender, family socioeconomic status (SES), and income changes during COVID‐19. Methods: We collected cross‐sectional survey data from 604 Hong Kong young adults and conducted structural equation modeling. Results: Parental financial socialization, on the one hand, promoted well‐being via healthier money management. On the other hand, parental financial socialization increased financial enabling and reduced well‐being. The examined associations varied across gender, family SES, and income changes during COVID‐19. Conclusions: Parental financial socialization was a "double‐edged" sword, and the examined associations varied for young adults with diverse experiences across gender, family SES, and income changes during COVID‐19. Implications: Efforts are needed to strengthen desired consequences and alleviate undesired ones of parental financial socialization. The different needs and experiences of young adults deserve attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We included two sacrifice constructs to reflect the awareness and (in)equity of behavioral sacrifice in same‐sex relationships: (a) the receiver's awareness (whether the receiver under‐, over‐, or unbiasedly estimated the other's frequency of sacrifice behaviors) and (b) the provider's perceived (in)equity (whether the provider perceived themselves as underbenefitted, overbenefitted, or equitably treated). We then tested how heterosexist discrimination related to same‐sex couples' relationship quality via receivers' awareness and providers' perceived (in)equity. Background: Sacrifices are pro‐relationship efforts in which individuals forgo self‐interests for the partner or the relationship. The links from sacrifice to same‐sex couples' relationship quality are still understudied. Further, no study has examined whether sexual minority stressors relate to sacrifice in same‐sex relationships. Method: We used dyadic, survey data from 141 same‐sex couples and conducted actor–partner interdependence models. Results: For receivers' awareness, unbiased estimation and overestimation were related to higher relationship quality; underestimation was related to lower relationship quality. For providers' perceived (in)equity, being underbenefitted—a situation in which individuals perceived that the other made fewer sacrifices than they did—was related to lower relationship quality. For indirect pathways, when one individual encountered heterosexist discrimination, this individual's sacrifice was likely underestimated by the receiver; in turn, this individual's partner experienced low relationship quality. Conclusions: To better understand sacrifice and relationship quality for same‐sex couples, heterosexist discrimination should be considered. Implications: Interventions are needed when practitioners work with same‐sex couples who feel that their sacrifices were underestimated, and efforts are still needed to reduce heterosexist discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the family stress process model and using data from 141 same‐sex couples (N = 282 partners), we examined associations between heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifices (i.e., willingness and behaviors). We also examined the moderating roles of both partners' internalized homophobia and state‐level liberalism on same‐sex marriage legalization. Actor‐partner interdependence moderation models were conducted. Most of our findings supported hypotheses from the family stress process model. One individual's experiences of greater heterosexist discrimination were related to the partner's higher levels of sacrifice willingness and the individual's own higher frequency of sacrifice behaviors. Such associations emerged (a) among couples living in more liberal states that legalized same‐sex marriage earlier, and (b) when the individual's partner reported lower levels of internalized homophobia. Yet the moderating role of an individual's internalized homophobia was the opposite of our hypothesis. When individuals reported high (versus low) internalized homophobia, individuals' experiences of more discriminative events were related to partners' higher levels of sacrifice willingness. Collectively, our study findings highlight that—when investigating how same‐sex couples forge and maintain romantic bonds—researchers should consider their experiences in the social cultural context of heteronormativity, which includes the focus on discrimination, stigma, and affirmative laws and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomotors with active motion have recently attracted wide attention. Researchers have developed a series of nanomotors with different architectures and propulsion mechanisms and have also explored the application prospects of nanomotors in many fields. Yet, the present nanomotors with simple component and motion behaviors are still far from the ultimate goal of nanoscale robots with controlled sophisticated motions. With this goal in mind, researchers are no longer satisfied with just making nanoparticles move actively, but looking forward to achieving precise control of the motion behavior of nanomotors. With the advance in nanofabrication techniques, tuning the nanomotors' motion by modulating the structure of nanoparticles has become a widely welcomed approach. This article reviews the self‐propelling mechanisms and the various synthesis methods of nanomotors. It is also systematically summarized how the composition, surface properties, size, and morphology of nanoparticles affect their motion behavior. Some outstanding works are highlighted, the shortcomings, challenges, and opportunities in the field are also discussed. It is believed that a thorough review of the architecture–motion relationships of nanomotors is beneficial for the development of the field toward nanoscale robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage is embedded in the web of spouses' broader social ties, and relationship quality with parents and parents‐in‐law is associated with marital quality. Guided by Family Systems theory and using three waves of dyadic data from 268 Chinese different‐sex couples across the first several years of marriage, we first conducted a Random‐Intercept Actor‐Partner Interdependence Cross‐lagged Panel Model (RI‐APIM‐CLPM) to examine the within‐family longitudinal associations among husbands' and wives' relationship quality with parents, parents‐in‐law, and spouse. Then, husbands' and wives' filial obligations were added as predictors of between‐family differences in their own and their partner's relationship quality in the three social ties. Among husbands, increased relationship quality in one social tie (e.g., with parents) predicted reductions in relationship quality in the other social ties (e.g., relationships with parents‐in‐law and marital quality). Our examination of between‐family differences demonstrated that high levels of filial obligations predicted higher intergenerational relationship quality and marital quality. By simultaneously considering the within‐family associations of multiple social ties and how filial obligations account for between‐family differences in relationship quality, we contribute to a nuanced understanding of how Chinese couples' romantic partnerships are embedded in their broader family system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: A phase I open‐label study assessed the effect of multiple oral doses of a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor (itraconazole) and inducer (rifampicin) on the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose of senaparib, a novel, highly potent poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1/2 inhibitor and CYP3A4 substrate, in Chinese healthy male volunteers (HMV). Methods: Adult HMV were enrolled to the itraconazole or rifampicin group (n = 16 each). In Period 1, all participants received a single oral dose of senaparib 40 mg (itraconazole group) or 100 mg (rifampicin group). In Period 2, the same dose was coadministered with itraconazole (200 mg) and rifampicin (600 mg), respectively. The primary endpoints were senaparib exposure parameters. Results: Coadministration with itraconazole significantly increased exposure of senaparib and decreased that of its major metabolites M9 and M14. Maximum plasma senaparib concentration (Cmax) was increased by ~79% and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) increased by ~2.8‐fold. Coadministration with rifampicin significantly reduced the Cmax and AUC of senaparib by ~59 and 83%, respectively. The Cmax for both M9 and M14 was slightly increased, although AUC was decreased. All treatment‐emergent adverse events were grade ≤2, regardless of the treatment administered. Conclusion: In Chinese HMV, the exposure of senaparib was significantly increased when coadministered with itraconazole and significantly decreased when coadministered with rifampicin. It is recommended to avoid concomitant use of senaparib and strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust aluminum‐based metal–organic framework (Al‐MOF) MIL‐120Al with 1D rhombic ultra‐microporous was reported. The nonpolar porous walls composed of para‐benzene rings with a comparable pore size to the kinetic diameter of methane allow it to exhibit a novel thermodynamic‐kinetic synergistic separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. The CH4 adsorption capacity was as high as 33.7 cm3/g (298 K, 1 bar), which is the highest uptake value among the Al‐MOFs reported to date. The diffusion rates of CH4 were faster than N2 in this structure as confirmed by time‐dependent kinetic adsorption profiles. Breakthrough experiments confirm that this MOF can completely separate the CH4/N2 mixture and the separation performance is not affected in the presence of H2O. Theoretical calculations reveal that pore centers with more energetically‐favorable binding sites for CH4 than N2. The results of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) simulations indicate that MIL‐120Al is a potential candidate for selective capture coal‐mine methane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ticagrelor is the first reversible ADP P2Y12 receptor antagonist approved to treat acute coronary syndrome. To investigate the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence and safety of ticagrelor tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers, 32 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to an open‐labelled, single‐centre, two‐preparation, two‐sequence, two‐cycle, double‐crossover trial under fasting and fed conditions, with a washout period of 7 days. Plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and AR‐C124910XX were determined using LC–MS/MS. The Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of the reference and test tablets were determined using ANOVA and the USFDA bioequivalence statistical criterion of 90% CI for the 80%–125% range (p ≤ 0.05) of the geometric mean ratios. Adverse events (AEs) were observed and recorded. Food consumption increased the AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ (p < 0.01) of ticagrelor, lowered the Cmax (p < 0.01) and prolonged the t12z (p < 0.05) of AR‐C124910XX. The effects of food on the reference preparations were comparable. Formulation, time and sequence had no significant effects on the PK parameters (p ≧ 0.05). The test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference formulation as the geometric mean ratios under fasting and fed conditions were within equivalence limits (80%–125%). No serious AEs were reported. Thus, test and reference ticagrelor are bioequivalent in Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to non‐specific strong nano–bio interactions, it is difficult for nanocarriers with permanent rough surface to cross multiple biological barriers to realize efficient drug delivery. Herein, a camouflaged virus‐like‐nanocarrier with a transformable rough surface is reported, which is composed by an interior virus‐like mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticle with a rough surface (vSiO2) and an exterior acid‐responsive polymer. Under normal physiological pH condition, the spikes on vSiO2 are hidden by the polymer shell, and the non‐specific strong nano–bio interactions are effectively inhibited. While in the acidic tumor microenvironment, the nanocarrier sheds the polymer camouflage to re‐expose its rough surface. So, the retention ability and endocytosis efficiency of the nanocarrier are great improved. Owing to it's the dynamically variable rough surface, the rationally designed nanocarrier exhibits extended blood‐circulation‐time and enhanced tumor accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have explored effects of the conscious processing of emotional information on the interaction between emotion and executive control. However, the conscious processing of emotional information introduces "defensive responses," which might limit the emotional effect. To avoid the limitations, this study aimed to explore the effect of automatic emotional processing on response inhibition among heroin abstainers. Individuals experiencing heroin withdrawal symptoms are not entirely exempt from the influence of drugs, and it is challenging to find heroin addicts in practice. Therefore, similar to previous studies, we recruited heroin abstainers in this study. In Experiment 1, for the heroin abstainers group, 30 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited from a compulsory isolated detoxification center, whereas 30 age‐ and education‐matched participants were recruited from the community as the control group. These participants completed the Go/No‐Go task by supraliminal emotional priming. In Experiment 2, the heroin abstainers group comprised 33 eligible participants and control group comprised 33 eligible participants. These participants completed the Go/No‐Go task by subliminal emotional priming. We compared the participants' rates of commission errors in the Go/No‐Go tasks. The rate of commission errors was lowest upon the activation of positive emotion. Moreover, under subliminal emotional priming, the rate of commission errors for the heroin abstainers group was significantly lower than that for the control group. However, regarding supraliminal emotional priming, there was no significant difference between the rates of commission errors for the two groups. These results suggest automatic positive emotional processing can enhance response inhibition among heroin abstainers. Moreover, under subliminal emotional priming, heroin abstainers had more enhanced response inhibition than the control groups. This study plays a significant role in understanding the effect of automatic emotional processing on response inhibition among drug addicts. This study also provides a theoretical basis for ensuring enhanced response inhibition among drug addicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in‐depth mechanism on the simultaneous activation of O2 and surface lattice O2− on one active metallic site has not been elucidated yet. Herein, we report a strategy for the construction of abundant oxygen activation sites by rational design of Cu1/TiO2 single atom catalysts (SACs). The charge transfer between isolated Cu and TiO2 support generates abundant CuI and 2‐coordinated Olat sites in Cu1−O−Ti hybridization structure, which facilitates the chemisorption and activation of O2 molecules. Simultaneously, the Cu1−O−Ti induced TiO2 lattice distortion activate the adjacent surface lattice O2−, achieving the dual activation of O2 and surface lattice O2−. The Cu1−O−Ti active site switches the CO oxidation mechanism from Eley‐Rideal (80 °C) to Mars–van Krevelen route (200 °C) with the increase of reaction temperature. The dual activation of O2 and surface lattice O2− can by modulating the electron properties of SACs can boost the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although nitrate‐reducing Fe(II) oxidizing (NRFO) bacteria can grow sustainably in natural environments, numerous laboratory studies suggested that cell encrustation‐induced metabolism limitations and cell death occurred more seriously in the absence of natural minerals. Hence, a study on how natural minerals could affect NRFO is warranted. This study examined the impact of hematite on NRFO by Acidovorax sp. BoFeN1 with different electron donors (acetate and Fe(II), acetate alone, and Fe(II) alone) and with nitrate as an electron acceptor. When acetate and Fe(II) were used as the electron donors, the amount of Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction was enhanced in the presence of hematite, whereas no promotion was observed when only acetate was added as an electron donor. Under the conditions with only Fe(II) added as an electron donor, the level of Fe(II) oxidation was increased from 3.07 ± 0.06 to 3.92 ± 0.02 mM in the presence of hematite and nitrate reduction was enhanced. This suggests that hematite promotes microbial nitrate reduction by accelerating the biological oxidation of Fe(II). The main secondary minerals were goethite and lepidocrocite. After adding hematite, the assemblage of iron minerals on the cell surface decreased, and the cell crusts became thinner, indicating that hematite effectively mitigated cell encrustation. Furthermore, hematite accelerated the chemical oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrite. Hence, hematite can promote the NRFO of Acidovorax sp. BoFeN1 via two possible pathways: (i) hematite acts as nucleation sites to mitigate cell encrustation; (ii) hematite catalyzes the biological and chemical oxidation of Fe(II) through the mineral catalysis effects. This study highlights the importance of existing iron minerals on NRFO and sheds light on the survival strategy of NRFO bacteria in anoxic subsurface environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STING agonists have made great progress in tumor immunotherapy. However, the inherent instability and low bioavailability have limited their wide applications. Herein, a reduction sensitive polymer with pair‐wised carboxyl groups that further encapsulate a cationic phenanthriplatin drug (PhenPt) as STING agonists into nanoparticles (PhenPt NPs) via electrostatic interactions is designed. PhenPt NP can release PhenPt in cancer cells, which then induce DNA damage, activate the STING signaling pathway, stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses, and improve the chemo‐immunotherapy efficacy. In vitro, for the first time it is found that PhenPt NP can activate cGAS‐STING pathway. Further genome‐wide RNA‐sequencing reveals that DNA replication, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, and other gene repair‐related pathways are involved. In vivo, PhenPt NP are found to completely inhibit the tumor growth, thereby shifting the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory phenotype, and boosting antitumor immune responses for long‐term immunity. In addition, PhenPt NP combined with checkpoint blockade therapy (a‐PD‐L1) can elicit long‐term immune response on both primary and distant tumors by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway. Overall, this nano‐delivery system with cationic chemotherapeutic drugs can greatly enhance DNA damage and activate immunity, hence providing a promising strategy for enhanced chemo‐immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous batteries have attracted great attention due to their inherent low cost, intrinsic safety, and environmental friendliness. Because of intrinsic oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) via water splitting, aqueous batteries possess narrow electrochemical stability windows (ESWs, theoretical ESW is 1.23 V), leading to low output voltage and low delivered capacity, and thus low energy density. Meanwhile, the parasitic side reactions of electrode materials dissolution, gas evolution, and dendrite growth can shorten cyclic stability of aqueous batteries. The above deep‐seated challenges are closely related to the solvation structure of metal ions, which can be settled by adjusting and regulating the solvation structure. This review summarizes the research progress in solvation structures in metal‐ion batteries. First, the design principles of the solvation structure and its impact on battery performance are introduced. Second, the regulation of the solvation structure and the research progress are introduced from three points of view: high concentration salt strategies, MOF modification and electrolyte additives. After that, the commonly used characterization methods for solvation structure are summarized. Finally, the existing problems and challenges in the frontier research of solvation structure research are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the differential expression of autophagy‐related genes of sepsis‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as potential markers for early diagnosis. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks) were selected and randomly divided into sepsis‐induced ARDS group (n = 6) and a normal control group (n = 6). Lung tissue samples were collected for high‐throughput sequencing using Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform in the paired‐end sequencing mode. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by DESeq. 2 software [|log2FC | ≥1 and p <.05] and autophagy‐related genes were identified using Mouse Genome Informatics. Co‐expressed autophagy‐related DEGs from these two datasets were filtered by construction of a Venn diagram. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on these autophagy‐related DEGs and a protein interaction network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape software to identify hub genes, which were verified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Results: A total of 42 autophagy‐related DEGs (26 upregulated genes and 16 downregulated genes) were identified. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed enrichment in 969 biological processes (BPs), three cellular components (CCs), eight molecular functions (MFs) and 27 signaling pathways. The protein interaction (PPI) network revealed 42 node proteins and 75 interacting edges, with an average node degree of 3.52, and an average local clustering coefficient of 0.509. Among the top 10 hub genes with the RNA‐Seq, six hub genes (Stat3, Il10, Ifng, Hmox1, Hif1a, and Nod2) were validated by qRT‐PCR (all p <.05). Conclusion: 42 potential autophagy‐related genes associated with sepsis‐induced ARDS lung injury were identified and six hub genes (Stat3, Il10, Ifng, Hmox1, Hif1a, and Nod2) may affect the development of ARDS by regulating autophagy. These results expanded our understanding of ARDS and might be useful in treatment of exogenous sepsis‐induced ARDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This randomized, multicenter, phase II clinical trial was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy using S‐1 (CCRT) with radiotherapy alone (RT) for elderly patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). All eligible patients were randomly assigned to the CCRT group or the RT group at a 1:1 ratio. The CCRT group received 50.4 Gy radiotherapy concurrent with S‐1 and the RT group received 59.4 Gy radiotherapy alone. The primary endpoints were toxicity and the overall response rate (ORR), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). In total, 157 elderly patients with ESCC were recruited from December 2016 to March 2020. By June 2021, the median follow‐up duration had reached 38 months. No grade 5 toxicities occurred in either group and the overall rate of severe toxicities (≥grade 3) was higher in the CCRT group (19.2% vs 7.6%; P =.037), particularly neutropenia (7.7% vs 1.3%; P =.06). The CCRT group presented a significantly higher ORR (83.3% vs 68.4%; P =.009) and prolonged PFS (25.7 vs 13.9 months; P =.026) than the RT group. The median OS was 27.3 months in the CCRT group and 19.1 months in the RT group (P =.59). For patients older than 70 years with locally advanced ESCC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S‐1 had tolerable adverse effects and improved ORR and PFS compared to radiotherapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (S‐AKI) has been reported to affect 30%–50% of all sepsis patients; this condition is associated with a notable fatality rate. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7), a nonselective cation channel expressed by the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) was found to be upregulated. We aimed to determine how TRPM7 functions in S‐AKI. Methods: To establish an in vitro model of S‐AKI, RTECs were treated with LPS. The effect of TRPM7 knockdown on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress was studied. The binding site between Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) and TRPM7 was predicted using JASPAR. The influence of KLF2 on the regulatory roles of TRPM7 in cells, as well as the effect of their knockdown on the MAPK signaling pathway, was investigated. Results: TRPM7 was upregulated in LPS‐treated cells, and knocking improved cell viability, reduced LDH levels, and minimized apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. KLF2 was shown to be associated with TRPM7 and its level decreased in LPS‐treated cells. KLF2 knockdown increased TRPM7 expression and reversed the effects of TRPM7 knockdown in LPS‐treated cells, including suppression of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK activation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results show that TRPM7 is negatively regulated by KLF2 and promotes LPS‐induced inflammatory dysfunction by activating the MAPK pathway in RTECs. The theoretical foundation for the prevention and management of S‐AKI is laid out in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene fusions are one of the most common genomic alterations in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), which contain more than 70 subtypes. In this study, a custom‐designed RNA sequencing panel including 67 genes was developed and validated to identify gene fusions in STS. In total, 92 STS samples were analyzed using the RNA panel and 95.7% (88/92) successfully passed all the quality control parameters. Fusion transcripts were detected in 60.2% (53/88) of samples, including three novel fusions (MEG3–PLAG1, SH3BP1–NTRK1, and RPSAP52–HMGA2). The panel demonstrated excellent analytic accuracy, with 93.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The intra‐assay, inter‐assay, and personnel consistencies were all 100.0% in four samples and three replicates. In addition, different variants of ESWR1–FLI, COL1A1–PDGFB, NAB2–STAT6, and SS18–SSX were also identified in the corresponding subtypes of STS. In combination with histological and molecular diagnosis, 14.8% (13/88) patients finally changed preliminary histology‐based classification. Collectively, this RNA panel developed in our study shows excellent performance on RNA from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples and can complement DNA‐based assay, thereby facilitating precise diagnosis and novel fusion detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the generation of 3D thermal and electrical conductive graphene network in gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) via a simple one‐step ball‐milling approach. In this work, 2D graphene nanoplates and their derivatives were employed to construct 3D thermal and electrical conductive filler networks. It is demonstrated that the obtained composite exhibits the highest 3D thermal conductivity (44.6 W m−1 K−1) among the other gallium‐based LM composites with 2D inorganic nanofillers and distinguished electrical conductivity (8.3 S µm−1) among gallium‐based LM composites at present. The enhanced thermal conductivity and wettability of gallium‐based composite lead to its beneficial usage as thermal interface materials with exquisite texture for LED chip heat dissipation. The electrochemical and magnetic experiments confirm that these LM‐based composites can also be controlled under external electrical or magnetic field, which potentially can help extend their application in external field‐driven systems. The findings of this work offer new insight in designing LM‐based composites with enhanced thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties for a wide range of applications, including thermal management systems, 3D printing, flexible conductors, soft robotic systems, and wearable energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The breakthrough of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a limited part of patients could derive clinical benefits. To study how immune microenvironment (IME) of patients could influence the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy, we evaluated the response patterns of NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors and analyzed the molecules related to prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy. Methods: Tumor samples were collected from 47 NSCLC patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors. RNA expressions of tumor immune‐related 289 genes were analyzed using NanoString nCounter. Immune infiltration and correlation between clinical information and expression of immune‐related genes were assessed. Results: Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed two groups infiltrated with different immune cells and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including CXCL5, CXCL9, IDO1, and LAG3 were found between groups. Stratification based on DEGs indicated that the group with high expression of CXCL5 was characterized by neutrophils. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis further demonstrated that CXCL5 mRNA expression was positively associated with worse progression free survival (PFS). Logistic analyses indicated high CXCL5 was associated with worse response to immunotherapy. Conclusions: CXCL5 may be a potential biomarker for prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy and may be a novel preventive and therapeutic target for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are sessile organisms, frequently face unfavourable growth conditions such as drought, salinity, chilling, freezing and high‐temperature stresses, inhibiting growth and development, and ultimately reducing crop productivity. Among these stresses, drought stress has been a major challenge for sustainable crop production and a hot area of research under the current climate change scenario. Organic amendments such as biochar (BC) and compost along with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be a sustainable strategy to improve crop growth and productivity under drought stress environment. There are several reports about compost, BC, and PGPR application as a single or combined treatment to enhance crop productivity under drought stress. Compost and BC act as conditioners to improve soil physicochemical and biological properties thereby enhancing water holding capacity (WHC) and nutrient retention and availability to the plants. Both BC and compost also serve as carbon sources and suitable environment for PGPR and endogenous microbes to enhance their growth promotion activities under drought stress. PGPR alleviate drought stress via ACC‐deaminase and P‐solubilizing activities, production of phytohormones, secretion of organic acids, acting as biocontrol agents,etc. In the present review, the individual and combined effect of compost, BC, and PGPR to alleviate drought stress in plants has been critically summarized. Moreover, research gaps and future research directions have been identified and discussed in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging (yet still scant) body of research has linked interparental hostility to youth compromised social competence over time among adolescents. Moreover, little is known about the conditions under which and the processes through which this association might occur. Using prospective data from 878 youth (50.23% females) and their parents and teachers, this study examined how interparental hostility and cooperative conflict might work in conjunction with each other to predict youth social competence over time via parent–child relationship quality. Results demonstrated that interparental cooperative conflict at grade 5 buffered the negative association between interparental hostility at grade 5 and mother–child but not father–child relationship quality at grade 6. Mother–child relationship quality, in turn, was associated positively with youth social competence at age 15. As such, interparental hostility at grade 5 was negatively related to youth social competence at age 15 via mother–child relationship quality at grade 6 only when interparental cooperative conflict at grade 5 was low. This study represents a more nuanced and specific examination of the implications of interparental hostility for child later social development by highlighting underlying moderating and mediating mechanisms. Relevant implications for the development of more targeted and effective interventions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of fishbone migration into the surrounding tissues, especially in cases where it cannot be identified on routine inspection. Early diagnosis of migratory fishbone and therapeutic management are essential for optimal patient survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: Inspired by the nitrogen fixation process on MoFe nitrogenase, asymmetrical coordinated Fe grafted onto 1T MoS2 were successfully synthesized. The unique electron‐rich structure with asymmetrical coordination made the 1T Fe0.1Mo0.9S2 layered material actively react with water and dinitrogen at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. Subsequently, ammonia can be produced with a yield of ~800 μmol (NH4+) g−1 (12.5% yield in mole). The activation, fixation and reduction of dinitrogen were confirmed by isotopically labeled experiments. The location and the specific coordination environment of grafted Fe in Fe‐Mo‐S were further determined by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Our work demonstrates that the nitrogen fixation and reduction for ammonia at room temperature without any chemical and electrochemical assistance is distinctly different from traditional bionic‐inspired nitrogen fixation process. The mechanism of the activation and reduction of N2 was further investigated by density functional theory calculation and Raman spectra. Compared with 1T MoS2, the enriched electron nature and asymmetrical coordination of Fe in Fe‐Mo‐S materials play a critical role in the bioinspired activation of N2 at ambient condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]