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P‐type organic cathode materials typically exhibit high redox potentials and fast redox kinetics, presenting broad application prospects in aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs). However, most of the reported p‐type organic cathode materials exhibit limited capacity (<100 mAh g−1), which is attributable to the low mass content ratio of oxidation‐reduction active functional groups in these materials. Herein, we report a high‐capacity p‐type organic material, 5,12‐dihydro‐5,6,11,12‐tetraazatetracene (DHTAT), for aqueous zinc batteries. Both experiments and calculation indicate the charge storage of DHTAT mainly involves the adsorption/desorption of ClO4− on the −NH− group. Benefitting from the high mass content ratio of the −NH− group in DHATA molecule, the DHATA electrode demonstrates a remarkable capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 with a stable voltage of 1.12 V. Notably, after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1, DHTAT retains 73 % of its initial capacity, showing a promising cycling stability. In addition, DHTAT also has good low‐temperature performance and can stably cycle at −40 °C for 4000 cycles at 1 A g−1, making it a competitive candidates cathode material for low‐temperature batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, considered one of the important candidate technologies for green and environmentally friendly large‐scale energy storage, hinge upon the performance of cathode materials as the key factor driving their development. Vanadate oxide is a promising cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity; furthermore, in order to accelerate the reaction kinetics, ion or molecular intercalation is often utilized. However, non‐electrochemically active intercalants tend to cause capacity degradation. In this study, a one‐step hydrothermal method is employed to intercalate electrochemically active poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (PoPDA) into the interlayers of NH4V3O8 (NVO), with graphene oxide (GO) being used to further improve the conductivity of the composite material (NVO/PoPDA@GO). The insertion of PoPDA expands the interlayer spacing of the NVO, alters the charge distribution, and enhances the migration rate of Zn2+ among the hybrid materials. Additionally, PoPDA serves as a support within the interlayers, improving the material stability. Moreover, the reversible transformation and rearrangement of chemical bonds (C═N/C─N) in PoPDA allows for coordination with Zn2+, providing additional capacity. As a result, NVO/PoPDA@GO exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, releasing a specific capacity of 433 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, even with a capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This work provides a promising direction for the preparation of organic–inorganic composite cathode materials with dual active components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cronobacter spp. are high acid resistance pathogens classified as Class A pathogens in powdered infant formula. Herein, we investigated the function of Cronobacter luxS in acid response. Results showed that luxS significantly increased the resistance to acid, demonstrating bacterial survival, bacterial morphology and biofilm formation. Furthermore, LuxS might enhance acid response by mediating the up‐regulation of 5‐methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate–homocysteine S‐methyltransferase and homocysteine S‐methyltransferase and the down‐regulation of methionine adenosyltransferase in the quorum sensing pathway. Therefore, the quorum sensing pathway mediated by luxS is the key control target for Cronobacter survival in acidic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent demand for high energy and safety batteries has generated the rapid development of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) type solid‐state lithium metal batteries. However, severe dendritic lithium growth, which is caused by poor interfacial contact of the Li/LLZTO interface and loss of electrical contact during cycles due to low intrinsic Li+ diffusion coefficient of lithium, greatly hampers its practical application. Here, from the point of view of reducing surface tension and improving ion diffusion of lithium, a composite lithium anode (CLA) with high wettability and ion diffusion coefficient is prepared by adding GaP into molten lithium, thus strengthening the CLA/LLZTO interface even in cycling. As envisioned, compared to pure lithium, CLA presents lower surface tension, larger adhesion work, and higher ion diffusion coefficient, ensuring close contact of the CLA/LLZTO interface. Therefore, the assembled symmetric cells exhibit a low area specific resistance of 4.5 Ω cm2, a large critical current density of 2.5 mA cm−2, and ultra‐long lifespan of 5700 h at 0.3 mA cm−2 at 25 °C. Meanwhile, full cells coupled with LiFePO4 cathode show a high‐capacity retention of 97.32% after 490 cycles at 1C. This work provides a new solution to the interfacial challenges of solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printed zinc ion micro‐batteries (PZIMBs) possess characteristics such as miniaturization, customizability, and affordability, making them highly promising for the field of flexible electronic devices. Nevertheless, the current development of PZIMBs is seriously hindered by their limited areal capacity. In this study, PZIMBs with a high areal capacity are conducted based on 3D printing technology by optimizing the material properties, electrode ink formulation, and printing parameters. The cathode material, polyvinylpyrrolidone‐induced ammonium vanadate (P‐NVO) nanobelt, exhibits a high capacity of 457.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 mA g−1, along with good cycling performance and rate capability. The double‐network hydrogel electrolyte, composed of crosslinked polyacrylamide‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAM‐PVP hydrogel electrolyte), demonstrates excellent ionic conductivity (107.22 mS cm−1), high stretchability (970%), and viscosity. The constructed PZIMBs exhibit a high areal capacity of 4.02 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, along with good mechanical flexibility. Moreover, through the integration of PZIMBs with pressure sensors, an interactive system is developed that resembles electronic skin, and this integration enables practical applications of wearable devices. This study presents a novel approach for fabricating PZIMBs with high areal capacity, thereby contributing to and propelling the advancement of flexible energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing sodium as anode to develop sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is a promising approach for improving the energy density of sodium‐ion batteries. However, fatal problems, such as uncontrollable sodium dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in low‐cost carbonate‐based electrolytes, and serious safety issues, greatly impede the practical applications. Here, a multifunctionalized separator is rationally designed, by coating PP separator (<25 µm) with a solid‐state NASICON‐type fast ionic conductor layer (NZSP@PP) to replace the widely used thick glass fiber separator (>200 µm) and successfully solves all of the above problems, and for the first time creats high performance SMBs by using Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathodes in pouch cell. The Na||NVP full cells can stably cycle over 1200 times with capacity retention of 80% at a high rate of 10 C and deliver a specific capacity of 80 mAh g−1 even at high rate of 30 C, indicating extraordinary fast‐charging characters. The full SMBs can also stably cycle 200 times with a retention of 96.4% under high NVP loading of 10.7 mg cm−2. Most importantly, the SMB pouch cell can also deliver a long‐life cycles as well as high‐temperature battery performance, which guarantees the safety of SMBs in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously reported that Gypenoside LXXV (GP‐75), a novel natural PPARγ agonist isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, ameliorated cognitive deficits in db/db mice. In this study, we further investigated the beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and a mouse model of diabetic AD (APP/PS1xdb/db mice). Interestingly, intragastric administration of GP‐75 (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 months significantly attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. GP‐75 treatment markedly reduced the levels of glucose, HbA1c and insulin in serum and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Notably, GP‐75 treatment decreased the β‐amyloid (Aβ) burden, as measured by 11C‐PIB PET imaging. Importantly, GP‐75 treatment increased brain glucose uptake as measured by 18F‐FDG PET imaging. Moreover, GP‐75 treatment upregulated PPARγ and increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and GLUT4 expression levels but decreased phosphorylation of IRS‐1 (Ser616) in the hippocampi of both APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Furthermore, GP‐75‐induced increases in GLUT4 membrane translocation in primary hippocampal neurons from APP/PS1xdb/db mice was abolished by cotreatment with the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In summary, GP‐75 ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice by enhancing glucose uptake via activation of the PPARγ/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islanded AC–DC hybrid microgrids composed of new energy sources, constant power loads and energy storage system are typical non‐linear systems, and guaranteeing large signal stability is a key issue. In this paper, the non‐linear model of islanded AC–DC hybrid microgrids is established, and large signal stability criteria are obtained. Considering reference current limitation of the energy DC–AC converter, the derived large signal stability criterion gives important constraints on the constant power loads power, the power of energy storage unit, DC bus voltage, the inductor and equivalent resistance of the AC filter, DC capacitor, the proportional parameter of the inner current controller and the maximum instantaneous power of the DC–AC converter. The paper is summarized as follows. Firstly, the equivalent model of the AC–DC hybrid microgrids in DQ rotating frame is established. Then based on mixed potential theory, the mixed potential model is constructed, and large signal stability criterion is derived and optimized considering the reference current limitation of the DC–AC converter. Finally, the presented criterion is verified by simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic degradation technology, using solar energy as the driving force, is considered the most possible alternative to remediate environmental pollution. And it is essential to find a stable and efficient photocatalyst. As promising semiconductor‐based photocatalysts, Cu2O has acquired massive attention owning to its high conduction band energy, superior visible‐light response‐ability, low cost, eco‐friendly, and abundance. However, the application of origin Cu2O faces severe problems due to its photocorrosion and low photoinduced carrier separation. Consequently, it is necessary to improve its photostability and photocatalytic activity by carrying out numerous modification strategies, such as heterostructure construction. Herein, we first summarize the classification and operation principles of Cu2O‐based type‐II heterojunction. Then, the application of the Cu2O‐based type‐II heterojunction photocatalysts for the removal of tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides have been discussed. Finally, the pressing issues and perspectives in Cu2O‐based type‐II heterojunction photocatalysts application for degrading antibiotics have prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a facile, efficient method for synthesizing highly substituted 2‐aminopyridines from unstable vinyl carbodiimides generated in situ in a one‐pot transformation. A series of novel highly substituted 3‐functionalized 2‐aminopyridines were produced in good yields. Reaction mechanism studies, which included control experiments and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrated that Rh and potassium carbonate played key roles in the cyclization step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting the PPARγ might be a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes‐associated cognitive decline (DACD). In this study, Gypenoside LXXV (GP‐75), a dammarane‐type triterpene compound isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, was found to be a novel PPARγ agonist using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay system. However, whether GP‐75 has protective effects against DACD remains unknown. Interestingly, intragastric administration of GP‐75 (40 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks significantly attenuated the cognitive deficit in db/db mice. GP‐75 treatment significantly improved the glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, and suppressed neuroinflammation. Notably, GP‐75 treatment dramatically increased the uptake of glucose by the brain, as detected by 18F‐FDG PET. Incubation of primary cortical neurons with GP‐75 significantly increased 2‐deoxyglucose uptake. In addition, GP‐75 treatment markedly increased the p‐Akt (Ser 473)/total Akt levels and the expression levels of PPARγ and GLUT4, while decreasing the levels of p‐IRS‐1 (Ser 616)/total IRS‐1. Importantly, all of these protective effects mediated by GP‐75 were abolished by cotreatment with the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. However, GP‐75‐mediated PPARγ upregulation was not affected by coincubation with the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase inhibitor, LY294002. Collectively, GP‐75 might be a novel PPARγ agonist that ameliorates cognitive deficit by enhancing brain glucose uptake via the activation of Akt/GLUT4 signaling in db/db mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) signaling with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐4) inhibitor might exert protective effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that intragastric administration of Gramcyclin A (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), a novel DPP‐4 inhibitor, for 3 months significantly reversed cognitive decline in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice in a dose‐dependent manner. Gramcyclin A treatment markedly reduced Aβ plaques as well as the insoluble and soluble forms of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Treatment with Gramcyclin A remarkedly decreased the level of microglia and suppressed neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Moreover, Gramcyclin A treatment could increase brain glucose uptake in APP/PS1/tau mice, as detected by 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) micro‐positron emission tomography (micro‐PET) imaging. Furthermore, Gramcyclin A significantly increased expression of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), GLP‐1R, proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‐1α and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and inhibited insulin receptor (IRS)‐1 phosphorylation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Collectively, Gramcyclin A conferred protective effects against AD via enhancing brain GLP‐1‐dependent glucose uptake. The DPP‐4 inhibitor Gramcyclin A might be a potential therapeutic drug for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the identification of the multiple‐input multiple‐output commensurate fractional order systems. Different from the assumption of known frequency domain data and prior information about noise in the general frequency domain identification algorithm, the reliable frequency domain data is measured in this paper by designing special excitation signals. Then, in order to suppress the impact of noise, the data used in algorithm are truncated from the low frequency band. In addition, this paper considers the case where the sampling data are disturbed by outliers, and a matrix decomposition method with threshold value is developed to eliminate the influence of outliers. After that, the parameters of the system to be identified are estimated by the frequency domain subspace identification method. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by an illustrative numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous complication in tPA thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke, which occurs as a consequence of endothelial cell death at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) during thrombolytic reperfusion. We have previously shown that cerebral ischemia‐induced rapid occludin degradation and BBB disruption. Here we demonstrated an important role of occludin degradation in facilitating the evolution of ischemic endothelial cells toward death. Cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) or incubated with occludin siRNA or occludin AAV to achieve an occludin deficiency or over‐expression status before exposing to reoxygenation (R) or TNF‐α treatment. Cell death was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry analysis. Inhibition of OGD‐induced occludin degradation with SB‐3CT or over‐expression of occludin with occludin AAV both significantly attenuated OGD/R‐induced apoptosis and pyroptosis in bEnd.3 cells. Consistently, knockdown of occludin with siRNA potentiated TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis, supporting an important role of occludin integrity in endothelial cell survival. Similar results were observed for pyroptosis, in which occludin knockdown with siRNA led to a significant augmentation of cytokines secretion, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis occurrence in TNF‐α‐treated bEnd.3 cells. Lastly, up‐regulation of c‐Yes, PI3K/AKT, and ERK concurrently occurred with occludin degradation after OGD/R or TNF‐α treatment, and the level of these proteins were further increased when inhibition of occludin degradation or over‐expression of occludin. These data indicate that occludin degradation inflicted during ischemia makes BBB endothelial cells more vulnerable to reperfusion‐associated stress stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: aneurysm; case report; hemifacial spasm; microvascular decompression EN aneurysm case report hemifacial spasm microvascular decompression 307 309 3 01/11/22 20220201 NES 220201 Preoperative MRI results showed a vascular anomaly at the REZ of the left facial nerve (Figure A) and an anomaly at the internal auditory canal (Figure B). To treat a small LA aneurysm, aneurysm neck clipping with a miniature aneurysm clip is an option. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: This article mainly studies the fractional‐order active disturbance rejection control (FOADRC) schemes for the underactuated commensurate fractional‐order systems (FOSs). The FOADRC framework for linear FOSs‐based fractional proportion integration differentiation is constructed by using the fractional‐order tracking differentiator and the fractional‐order extended state observer, and the necessary conditions for the system to have stable controllers are provided. The FOADRC scheme for underactuated FOSs based on differential flatness is proposed. For underactuated FOSs, a set of flat output expressions with a fixed format is given under the controllable condition of the system. Moreover, making the flat output as the equivalent of the system output is simple and easy to analyze and calculate. Subsequently, the FOADRC scheme is designed by using the flat output. Finally, the scheme proposed in this article is verified by a simulation example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the significant importance of emulsification for heavy oil recovery, a good‐emulsification‐oriented (GEO) (rather than the conventional ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) oriented) surfactant‐polymer (SP) system was employed to remove heavy oil. Specifically, the emulsification behavior and viscosity‐reduction property of heavy oil in porous media were first studied by flood tests. Then, such a GEO SP was used to displace heavy oil for recovery measurement. It is found that first, as migration increases in porous media, the in situ emulsified oil droplets evolve into smaller and more uniform droplets (without coalescence), thus, exhibit self‐adjustment ability to match with, and plug, the pores. An increase in surfactant content and seepage velocity also makes the emulsion's particles smaller and more uniformly distributed. Second, such oil‐in‐water emulsification indeed helps to reduce heavy oil viscosity in porous media and there is an optimal surfactant content for such viscosity reduction: The lower the water cut, the greater the optimal surfactant content, the worse the viscosity‐reduction effect. Third, on its own, the GEO surfactant performs very poorly in recovering heavy oil and is even worse than the single polymer; therefore, such a surfactant should be jointly used with a polymer in an SP system instead of on its own, but an excessive surfactant content in the SP seems to hinder the recovery, while the large slug size tends to contribute significantly to an improved oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternatively activated (M2) macrophage promotes glioma progression and immune escape as the most immunocyte in glioma microenvironment. Finding out the key protein regulating M2 macrophage polarization is necessary for improving treatment. Whether immunity related GTPase M (IRGM) is involved in glioma development and M2 macrophage polarization is unknown. IRGM and M2 macrophage marker CD206 expression were examined using immunohistochemistry among 35 glioma and 11 non‐cancerous brain specimens. We found IRGM scores were positively correlated with CD206 scores in glioma specimens and monocyte proportion in blood samples. A172 glioma cells transfected with either IRGM knock‐down lentivirus (Lenti‐IRGM) or control lentivirus (Lenti‐HK) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. In vivo, xenografted glioma size of the Lenti‐IRGM group was smaller and had weaker fluorescence signal than Lenti‐HK control group. Immunofluorescence results showed that there was obviously decreased IRGM, CD206, and IL‐8 expression in the mice glioma of Lenti‐IRGM group than Lenti‐HK control group. In vitro, flow cytometry results showed that M2 polarization from THP‐1 cocultured with Lenti‐IRGM glioma cells decreased in contrast to that with Lenti‐HK glioma cells; there were less interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and macrophage inflammation protein 3‐α (MIP‐3α), but more interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the supernatant of Lenti‐IRGM glioma cells than matched control. Western blot and immunofluorescence displayed that IRGM strongly promoted sequestosome‐1 (p62/SQSTM1), necrosis factor receptor‐activating factor 6 (TRAF6) expression and NF‐κB transportation to the nucleus. Realtime PCR results demonstrated IRGM also promoted NF‐κB downstream cytokines IL‐8 and MIP‐3α mRNA expression. These data suggested that IRGM could promote glioma development and M2 macrophage polarization by regulating p62/TRAF6/NF‐κB pathway‐mediated IL‐8 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the accurate modelling and the modal natural frequencies of the stator system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with concentrated winding used in the in‐wheel motor system of the electric vehicle. The equivalent material physical properties of each component in the stator system are determined by the correction formula and the empirical coefficient. Meanwhile, the contact conditions between each component are also analysed. According to the structural analysis of stator system, different equivalent finite‐element models of winding and frame, together with their effects on the accuracy of simulation results, have been built and investigated, respectively. In addition, the prototype of the motor is fabricated; then the experimental modal analysis of the stator system and its subassemblies are carried out during the manufacturing process. Through comparisons of the results between experiments and finite element anaysis (FEA), the final model of the stator system is determined and verified to be of high accuracy to predict the vibration behaviours of the investigated motor with concentrated winding. Finally, several factors influencing the modal frequencies of stator system are analysed, which could provide certain reference value to the structural design of stator system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel product-derived bimetallic palladium complex catalyzes a sulfonylazide-transfer reaction with the σ-donor/π-acceptor ligand CO, and is advantageous given its broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions (atmospheric pressure of CO at room temperature). This methodology provides a new approach to sulfonylureas, which are present in both pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The synthesis of Glibenclamide on a gram scale further revealed the practical utility of this procedure. Mechanistically, the generation of a bridged bimetallic palladium species derived from the product sulfonylurea is disclosed as the crucial step for this catalytic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ionic liquid (IL) supported magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction was developed and a systematic investigation was conducted on imidazolium ILs for their extraction performance. This nano-based pretreatment procedure was then applied for the determination of acaricides in fruit juice samples for the first time. A feature of this technique is that the commonly laborious chemical modification of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was skillfully circumvented. Because of the combination of ILs, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and dispersive MNP solid-phase microextraction, the extraction efficiency can be significantly improved using commercial MNPs. Parameters of the extraction method were investigated by one-factor-at-a-time approach. The optimal experimental conditions were as follows: emulsification for 2 min by sonication with the addition of 50 μL [C6MIM][NTf2] in the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction step and vortexing for 90 s after adding 40 mg spherical barium ferrite nanoparticles (20 nm). The desorption time was 2 min. Good linearity (0.5-500 ng/mL) and detection limits within the range of 0.05-0.53 ng/mL were achieved. The application of the proposed method was demonstrated by the analysis of real fruit juice samples, in which recoveries between 85.1 and 99.6% were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Pd-catalyzed nitrene-transfer reaction of sulfonylazides with CO is developed which provides a new approach to sulfonylurea derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This new methodology provides a facile and efficient approach from simple and cheap organoazides with amines under atmospheric CO conditions, obtaining unsymmetrical ureas with good functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-coupling reaction of isocyanides (II) with aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, and alkyl azides leads to a variety of unsymmetrical carbodiimides in moderate to high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phospholes react with aldimines in the presence of a mild Lewis acid to C2-bridged biphospholes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]